BUPMG,  HOTEL  AND 
LODGING  HOUSE  UWS 

WITH  AMENDMENTS  TO  NOV.  ISth,  1917 


C'^  ^  O  ■    ^^  -I^J'  jL.  f  <~-^  '^  ^ 


''^  /^ 


Presented  by 

BUILDING  INDUSTRIES  ASSOCIATION 

Los  Angeles,  Cal. 


HARDWOOD  LUMBER 

WE  CARRY  A  FULL  LINE  OF  SUGAR  PINE, 
WHITE  PINE,  AND  HIGH  GRADE  HARDWOOD 
LUMBER,  FLOORING  AND  VENEERS.  VENEERED 
PANELS  IN  WHITE  CEDAR,  YELLOW  FIR  AND 
ALL  KINDS  OF  HARDWOOD. 

CAR    LOTS    A    SPECIALTY 

PROMPT    DELIVERY 


C.  W.  BOHNHOFF 


1500    SOUTH    ALAMEDA    STREET 
Main  3223  F  6246 


VICTOR 


CEMENT 


SOUTHWESTERN  PORTLAND  CEMENT  CO. 

607  H.  W.  HELLMAN  BUILDING,  LOS  ANGELES  CALIFORNIA 

Phones:  Main  507;  Home   10759 


Introduction 


The  Building  Industries  Association  of  Los  Angeles  presents  this 
Hand  Book  of  information  relative  to  the  building  laws  of  the  City, 
believing  that  such  publication  is  of  value  as  a  compendium  for  pros- 
pective builders  and  a  guide  to  contractors,  sub-contractors  and  material 
supplies  houses  generally. 

The  Book  contains  the  cost  of  building,  electric,  plumbing  and  sewer 
permits,  with  the  laws,  ordinances  and  amendments  governing  the  same. 
The  State  housing  laws,  sign,  stage  and  sidewalk  laws,  cost  of  bonding 
and  compensation  insurance. 

A  complete  directory  of  the  members  of  the  Building  Industries 
Association  is  also  shown  classified  into  crafts  to  which  each  belongs, 
together  with  the  Constitution  and  By-Laws  under  which  the  institution 
operates. 

The  building  public,  architects  and  engineers  are  welcome  to  the 
use  of  the  commodious  rooms  and  complete  equipment  of  the  Association 
at  all  times,  and  are  especially  solicited  to  employ  the  firms  represented 
in  the  membership,  with  the  assurance  of  receiving  efficient  service  and 
honest  materials  and  that  the  members  bear  the  full  endorsement  of  the 
Association. 


y? 


^f 


THE 

L  W.  BUNN  LUMBER 
COMPANY 

(Established   in   Los   Angeles    nearly   thirty    years) 

WHOLESALE  AND  RETAIL 


General  Offices:  605  to  612  Central  Bldg.,  6th  &  Main  Sts.,  Los  Angeles 

Main    475  7 Telephones Home    60391 

Los    Angeles    Yards    and    Mill:     1659    South   Alameda    St. 

South    888 Telephones Home    24188 

Wholesale   Yards   and   Wharves:     East   San    Pedro 


LUMBER         MILLWORK        SASH  AND  DOORS 

HARDWOOD  FLOORING       ROOFING 

MINING  TIMBER 

WE  ARE  EQUIPPED  TO  EFFICIENTLY  HANDLE 
ALL  CLASSES  OF  LUMBER  BUSINESS 

CARGO,  CARLOAD  OR  RETAIL 

BRANCHES 

The     L.     W.     Blinn     Lumber     Co. Pasadena,     Sierra     Madre,     Ontario, 

Chino,     El    Centro 

Monrovia    Lumber    Co. Monrovia. 

Russ    Lumber    &    Mill    Co. Riverside,    Redlands,    Corona 


CONTENTS 


Apartment  House  Law  (See  Tenement  House  Act)  Page 

Architects  of  Los  Angeles 15 

Building  Ordinance  (regulating  the  construction,  alteration,  repair, 
demolition  and  removal  of  buildings  and  other  structures,  and 
regulating  the  construction  and  installation  of  plumbing  and  house 
drainage  and  the  installation  of  gas  piping  and  fittings) 33 

Buyers'  Guide  Index 187 

City  Building  Department  Officials  and  Phones 7 

Constitution  and  By-Laws  of  Building  Industries  Association 19 

State  Dwelling  House  Act,  1917 _ 167 

State  Hotel  and  Lodging  House  Act,  1917 141 

Garage  Ordinance  175 

Index — Advertisers  184 

Index — Building  Ordinance  109 

Index— Dwelling  House  Act,  1917 173 

Index — Hotel  and  Lodging  House  Act,  1917 163 

Index — Plumbing  and  Gas  Ordinance 114 

Index — State  Tenement  House  Act,  1917 137 

Master  Plumbers'  Registration  Ordinance 26 

Moving  Picture  Ordinance 28 

Members  of  Building  Industries  Association 9 

Officers  and  Directors  of  Building  Industries  Association 7 

Plumbing  and  Gas  Piping  Ordinance  (See  Building  Ordinance) 

Sign  Bulletins   Ordinance 180 

Storage  of  Picture  Films  Ordinance 178 

Swinging  Stage  Ordinance 183 

State  Tenement  House  Act,  1917 115 


MACHINERY 

OF   EVERY   DESCRIPTION 

BOUGHT,  S0LD8CRENTED 
BUTTRESS  &  McCLELLAN 

205-7  N.  LOS  Angeles  St.  A-5473  Bdy.  809S 


PACIFIC  HARDWARE  MANUFACTURING  CO. 

BUILDERS'  HARDWARE 

PLATING  AND  FOUNDRY 

i4l-45    WEST    RAILROAD    STREET  LOS    ANGELES,    CAL. 

Home  A  4462 


Get  Our  Quotations  Before  Placing  That  Order 

— for— 
STEEL    ROLLING    DOORS,     SAFETY    ELEVATOR    DOORS 

MASON  SAFETY  TREADS,  STEEL  SASH 
ALL  METAL  SCREENS,  INVISIBLE  ROLLER  SCREENS 
LAUNDRY  EQUIPMENTS.  INCINERITES  FOR  GARBAGE 
DISPOSAL,  CONCRETE  APPLIANCES,  COPPER  (ZOURI) 
STORE  FRONTS,  WEATHERSTRIPPING,  SPIRAL  CHUTES 
CONVEYING  SYSTEMS,    DUMBWAITERS 

MARITZEN-KUNS  CO.      226  West  9th  St.     A5363 


HARRON,  RICKARD  &  McCONE 

Contractors'  Equipment  and  Supplies 
Concrete  Mixers,  Barrows  and  Carts 
Hoisting  Engines,  Derricks,  Chain  Hoists 
Portable  Saw  Rigs,  Woodworking  Machinery 
Red  Edge  Shovels 


225  S.  SAN  PEDRO  ST. 


LOS  ANGELES,  CAL. 


HAND  BOOK 

OF  USEFUL  INFORMATION 

FOR  ARCHITECTS,  BUILDERS 
CONTRACTORS  &?  BUILDING 
MATERIAL  SUPPLIES  FIRMS 

LOS  ANGELES 
1917 


CONTAINING 


Los  Angeles  Building  Ordinances  (Corrected 
to  Novemoer  15,  1917)  .'.  State  Tenement 
House  Act  of  1917  .'.  State  Hotel  and  Lodg- 
ing House  Act  of  1917  .'.  State  Dwelling 
House  Act  of  1917  .'.  State  Compensation 
Insurance  Rates  .'.  Classified  Directory  of 
Building  Material  Firms  .'.  Classified  Roster 
of  Members  of  the  Building  Industries  Asso- 
ciation .'.  By-la^vs  of  the  Building  Industries 
Association  .'.  List  of  tlie  Los  Angeles  Ar- 
chitects     .*.      (See  Contents  Index  on  Page  3) 


Compiled  by 

J.  G.  DRESEN.  LOS  ANGELES 

Phone  Bdwy.  5809 


The  First 

National 

Bank 

of  Los  Angeles 


OFFICE    OF 


luUlimg  Jtt&uatrtfa  AHanriatton 


OF   LOS  ANGELES 

(FORMERLY    BUILDERS'    EXCHANGE) 

FIFTH    FLOOR  STIMSON    BUILDING 
Third    and    Spring    Streets 

HARRY    B.    WEBSTER,    Secretary 

Phones:     Home   60608,    Sunset    Main    6561 


OFFICERS  DIRECTORS 

J.     H.     Bean,     President  M.    A.    Berne  W.    E.    Stradley 

„  ,.,  _.     ^    w         f,         .1      4.  R-    Wolfsberg  Geo.    Pedgrift 

R.    A.    Warren.    First    Vice-President  ^_     ^    Danforth  Wm.   Henry 

S.    L.    Weaver,   Second    Vice-President  L.    B.   Webster  G.    E.   Arbogast 

Ira    W.    Byrnes  Homer   Hayward 
John   Griffin,   Treasurer  W.   E.  Hoover  Wm.    McArthur 
Walter   Simons  Joseph    Specht 


Schweitzer- Mutton,    Attorneys 


P.    E.   Sawyer  A.    T.    Eby 


Indorsed     by     the     Southern     California  G.   W.   Saurret 

Chapter     of     the     American      Institute     of        Members    of    the    National    Association    of 
Architects.  Builders    Exchanges 


DEPARTMENT  OF  BUILDING,  CITY  OF  LOS  ANGELES 

ROOM    35,    CITY    HALL 

J.    J.    BACKUS,    Chief    Inspector    of    Buildings 

C.    V.    WELCH,    Chief  Clerk 

TELEPHONES 

Call   up   City   Hall,   or   ring    Home   Phone  60211,    Sunset    Phone    Main   9060 

Station 

Building    Department,    General    Office ■:- '*^ 

Chief   Inspector  of   Buildings,   J.   J.    Backus - ^ 

Chief   Clerk,   C.   V.    Welch    ■ 41 


Plumbing    Inspector,   A.   A.    Bennett. 


39 


General   Offices  for  Plumbing  and   Gas  Piping,   Notices  for   Inspection 42 

District   Inspectors   (Building),  8:00  to  9:00  a.   m. 44 

District  Inspectors  (Plumbing  and  Gas  Fitting),  4:30  to  5:00  p.  m.     44 


Southern  California  Hardwood  &  Mfg.  Co. 

LOS   ANGELES,    CALIFORNIA 

Sash,  Doors  and  General  Mill  Work 
Store,  Office  and  Bank  Fixtures 

HARDWOOD  LUMBER 

Main    7689 Telephones Home    60671 

General  Offices  and  Plant:     1430  South   Alameda  Street 


GEO.  T.  MAHANA  CO. 

Compensation   Insurance  All  Lines  of  Liability   Insurance 

GENERAL    AGENTS 
519   Baker-Detweiler   Building  Main    2493;     60617 

Utility  Trailers 

ONE  CONTRACTOR   REPORTS  THAT   HE  SAVED   THE   PRICE   OF 

HIS  TRAILER   IN  ONE  MONTH  AND  TWENTY  DAYS 

OTHERS  ARE  RECEIVING  SIMILAR  RESULTS 

LOS   ANGELES   TRAILER   CO. 

1328   Palmetto   Street  Phones:   Bdwy.    7618:    A-4722 

Main  7121  F-4413 

KRESS  HOUSE-MOVING  CO. 

749   MAPLE  AVE. 

We  Move,   Raise,    Lower,   Shore  and   Underpin   Frame   or  Brick   Buildings 

In    or   Out    of   the   State 

Other    Plants:     Glendale,    San    Pedro,    Pittsburgh,    Pa. 

WE  BUY  OLD  BUILDINGS 


Classified  List  of  Members  Building 
Industries  Association 

ARTIFICIAL    STONE 

Smith.  Wm 550   S.   Fair  Oaks  Ave.,   Pasadena 

BLINDS    AND    SCREENS 

Western   Blind   &  Screen   Co 2700  Long  Beach  Ave.;  South  3643 

Hipolito  Screen  &  Sash  Co 21st  and  Alameda  Sts. ;  20436,  South  47 

BRICK   CONTRACTORS 

Fowler,  C.   V 144  Ashland  Ave.,  Venice;   Venice  4283 

Gleason,   Frank  H „ _ 1254    E.    21st    St.;    22574 

Hollivet.  A.   L 1411   E.    Washington    St.;    22405 

Johnson,   Harry _ _ I(j78    Girard    St. 

Stradley  &  Newton „ Building  Industries  Association;  A4818,  West   6749 

Stepan,   M 1942   S.   Los  Angeles  St.;   South   1372M 

Tracy,   P.   F Building  Industries  Association 

Finnila,  A _ 1059  Mariposa  St.;  73940;  Wilshire  915 

Reimers,   H „ _ Building   Industries   Association 

Blodgett,  C.   S 1953    Bonsallo   Ave.;    ^\  est    1866 

Cederberg,   E.  S _ 1057  W.  30th  St.;  24445,  West  4110 

O'Brien,   Dan  T _ 1540    W.   28th   St.;    72062 

Knerr,   Henry 1752    N.    Normandie    Ave.;    599615 

Wheelan,   F.   IVI 1422   W.   12th    St.;   Bdwy.    6570 

BUILDING    SPECIALISTS 

Arden   Building  Material  Co 155  E.  Jefferson  St.;  23523,  South  177 

Marltzen-Kuns  Co _ 221   W.    Ninth  St.;    A5365 

Waterhouse  &  Price 331  E.  Fourth  St.;  F3032,  Main  8865 

BURNED    CLAY    PRODUCTS 

K.  &   K.   Brick  Co 701   Merchants  Nat'l   Bank  Bldg.;  F3523,  Main  533 

L.  A.   Pressed   Brick  Co _ „ 406    Frost    Bldg.  ;60489  Main  502 

L.  A.    Brick  Co _ _ 503    Security    Bldg.;    F1123  Main  788 

Metallic   Brick  Co _ _ Chicago  Ave.  and  Monterey  Road;  41347 

Pacific  Tile  &  Terra  Cotta  Co Tropico,  Cal. ;  Glendale  185,  Main  282 

Simons  Brick  Co 125  W.  3rd  St.;  A2744,  Main  126 

Standard    Brick  Co 102  Stimson  Bldg.;   A1366,   Bdwy.  1918 

BUTTON    LATH 

Buttonlath   Mfg.  Co Vernon  and   Boyle  Aves. ;  29565,   South  2563 

CEMENT  CONTRACTORS 

Eby  &  Boone _ 337   \V.    4(th  Place;  29507,  Vermont  1827 

Odemar,   F.  Co.. 603  H.   W.   Hellman   Bldg.;  A5232,   Main  1819 

Reiplinger,  A.  &  Son 3319  Manitou  St.;  31213,  East  3022 

Clark,  John   D. „ _ „ „ 941   W.    17th  St.;   22245 

McClain,  J.   L. 1246  E.   53rd  St.;  South  1197 

McKenzie,   H.  J 3617    Marmion    Way;    East  2767 

Odemar,  Gus _ _ 1433  Valencia  St.;   West  2152 

L.   A.    Cement   Gun   Co 906    Haas   Bldg.;    A2882,   Main  2661 

Zarubica,   M.   R 521  Union  l>eague  Bldg.;  F3156,  Main  8884 

CEMENT    DEALERS 

California   Portland   Cement   Co 525   Douglas   Bldg.;   60271,   Bdwy.  3461 

Consolidated   Pac.  Cement  Plaster  Co. ..612  San  Fernando  Bldg.;  F1257,   Bwy.  1229 

Riverside  Portland   Cement   Co 640   Title   Ins.    Bldg.;   10527,  Main  5753 

Southwestern  Portland  Cement  Co 607  H.   \V.   Hellman  Bldg.;  10759.  Main  507 

ELECTRICAL    CONTRACTORS 

Newberry   Electric  Co 724  S.   Olive  St.;  F4265,   Bdwv.  5113 

Western   Light  &   Fixture  Co 210  E.  Third  St.;   A2059,   Main  3729 

Hildebrand,  C.   R 444  W.   47th  St.;   Vermont  131 

Tyler,  A.  S 6132   De  Longpre   Ave.;    577256 

Wagner- Wood  ruff  Co 830    S.    Olive;  F1173,   Main  1186 

Electric   Lighting   &   Supply  Co 216   W.    Third;    F6497  Main  3465 

ELECTRICAL    JOBBERS 

Electric  Agencies  Co 419  E.   Third  St.;   Main  198 

Listenwilter  &  Gough 326   E'.    Third   St.;    F5202,    Bdwv.   778 

L.   A.   Electrical   Supply   Co 541   S.   I>os  Angeles   St.;  Main  3373 

Wagner- Woodruff  Co 830    S.    Olive    St.;    F1173  Main  1186 

Electric  Corporation   Co. 836  S.   Los  Angeles  St.;   F1891,    Main  624 

Electric  Lighting  &  Supply  Co 216  W.   Third  St.;   F6497,  Main  346!? 

FIREPROOF   DOORS 
L.   A.   Fireproof   Door   Co 805  E.    31st  St.;    28756,   South   1689 


to 


Bdwy.  4610  A  3018 

"Service  First" 

Means    Just    What    It    Says    and    Stands    for 
"The     Right     Man     for     the     Right     Place" 

MURRAY  &  READY 

Leading  Employment  and  Labor  Agents      2nd  and  Main  Sts.,  Los  Angeles 


GENERAL    CONTRACTORS 

Bolin,   P.  J 1421    S.    Westmoreland    Ave.;    53985 

Graves,   Frank  &  Son 441  N.   Harvard  Blvd.;   568305 

Kubach,  C.  J.  Co 701  Merchants  Nat'l  Bank  Bldg. ;   F3449,   Main  533 

Leonardt  &  Peck 721  H.  W.  Hellman  Bldg.;  A1306,  Main  5051 

Preter,   Jos 159  E.   45th   St.;  South  3937 

Schuler,   Eugene 1065  So.  Figueroa  St.;  Main  558'^ 

Bean,  J.   H.  &  Son 1347  Valencia  St.;  25829,  West  4120 

Miller,  A.   C _ 1856  AV.   42nd  Place;  Vermont  6232 

Barber- Bradley  Const.   Co 1824  E.   15th  St.;  F5568,  South  6832 

Edwards   &   Wildey 515   Black   Bldg.;    10767,   Main  9307 

Jacobs  Const  Co... 738  H.  W.  Hellman  Bldg.;  A3998 

Reese,   T.   0 139   W.   42nd   St.;   South  4211 

Watt,  J.  A. 1565  W.  22nd  St.;   72805 

Barkelew  &   Gould 1017  B.    21st.    St.;   South  7117W 

Bradley,   E.   E 1434  B.  Adams  St.;  South  1121 

Brauer,   F.   R 2025  Wilmot   St.;   23344 

Bucholtz  &  Son 3577  S.  Park  Ave.;   South  3042 

Connors,  J.  M 503  Dunbarton  St.,  Tropico,  Cal.;  Glendale  2762 

Coryell,  Fred  C _ 708  Lankershim  Bldg.;   39114 

Crawford,  A.  J 478  N.   Belmont  St.;   Wilshire  3468 

Daubenspeck,   W.  S 723  W.  3rd  St.;  24593 

Gauger  Const.  Co. 606  So.  6th  St.,  Alhambra,  Cal.;  Alhambra  741J 

Goldwalthe,   C.   D 833  Marsh-Strong  Bldg.;  F5865,   Bdwy.  7547 

Henry,  A.  R 2399  Montclair  St.;  West  3100 

Judy,  J.   H _ 1416   14th  Ave.;   71164 

Karseboom,   C _ 1445  Dana  St. ;    71650 

Kent,  C.  W.  &  Son 429  Brand  Blvd.,  Glendale,  Cal.;  559324,  Glendale  884 

Martin,   R.  S _ 509  No.  Marguerita  St.,  Alhambra,   Cal.;  Alhambra  219J 

Martin,   R.  W 5429  14th  Ave.;    79872 

May,   Frank    R 639    So.    Westlake  Ave.;  51742 

Morrow,    W.    E. 4416   Moneta  Ave.;    South  7182 

Blee,  John   F.   &  Sears,  Stanley 1947  Mateo  St.;   F5513 

Stephens,    S.    P 1819  W.   49th    St.;   Vermont  2232 

Talbert,  Geo.   E Building  Industries  Assn.;  60608,  Main  6561 

Taylor    Bros 504   Black    Bldg.;    A5573,    Bdwy.  38 

Yard   &  Hichborn 817  Trust  &  Sav.  Bldg.;  A3807,  Main  3026 

Yesberg,   M.  N _ 1650  Morton  Ave.;  52328 

Calahan,   Lee _ 2324   Michigan  Ave.;   Boyle  3812 

GLASS 

L.   A.  Art  Glass  Co 120  E.  9th  St.;  F1177,  Main  1177 

Raphael,   H.  Co 8th  &  L.  A.   St.;  60671,  Main  6832 

HARDWARE 

Ducommun  Hardware  Co. 219  Central  Ave.;  10603,  Main  8093 

Harper  &  Reynolds  Co 152  No.  Main  St.;   10905,  Main  8425 

HARDWOOD   FLOORING 

Johnson- Wilcox   Co. 1965   So.   Vermont  Ave.;  74679,   West  34 

Johnson   Bros 164  W.   35th  St.;  52784 

National    Hardwood   Co 646  Aliso   St.;   A1639,   Main  1924 

HEATERS— AIR   AND  WATER 

Fisher  Mfq.  Co 416  Bumiller  Bldg.;  Main  6557 

Rotary   Mfg.   Co , 1526   Santa  Fe  Ave.;  F1562,   Main  590 

INSURANCE  AND   BONDS 

Knight,   Jack 519  Baker-Detwiler  Bldg.;   60617 

Schmidt,   Herman  C 704  Citz.  Nat'l  Bk.   Bldg.;  A3754,  Main  6859 

Talt,   Chas  A 312   Laughlin  Bldg.;South  7039R 

LATHING   CONTRACTORS 

Duncan,    B.   F. 459   Bagle  Rock  Ave.;   Garvanza  1262 

Duncan,  J.  C 3933  Budlong  Ave.;  59002,  Vermont  3344 

Louis,   Gauvin 602  Wall  St.;   Main  6147 


LIME 

Acme  Cement  Plaster  Co. 750  So.  Alameda  St.;  F4479,  Main  1804 

Atlas  Mixed   Mortar  Co. 2432  E.  8th  St.;  F5254.  Bdwy.  2461 

Kellastone   Mfg.   Co 743   Lawrence   St.;   A2467,    Bdwy.  1696 

L.  A.  Lime  Co 1522  E.  Shearer  St.;  A2787,  Main  780 

Oro  Grande   Lime  Co 408  Stimson  Bldg.;  A1929,   Main  991 

So.  Cal.  Lime  &  Cement  Co 3001  San  Pedro  St.;  29822,  South  2732 

Union    Lime   Co _ 1600  Atlantic   St.;  F3164,   Main  64 

LUMBER 

Montgomery-Mullin   Lbr.  Co 424  San  Pedro  St.;  F4964,   Main  1730 

Pico    Heights   Lbr.   Co Vineyard,   Cal.;   72580,    West  1790 

San    Pedro   Lbr.   Co 1518   Central  Ave.;    20375,   South  531 

Schultz  Lumber  Co.,  James 29th  &  Hooper  Sts. ;  24197,  South  6613 

MARBLE  AND  TILE 

Musto  Sons-Keenan  Co. 1940  Santa  Fe  Ave.;  F2173,  Main  8959 

Woodstone  Marble  &  Tile  Co 426  H.  W.  Hellman  Bldg.;  A3015.  Main  5258 

Avon,  John 1547  Naud  St. ;  F5665 

Collins,   B.  V 945  So.  Los  Angeles  St.;  F4545,  Main  9433 

Weifenbach,  Geo _ 143  W.  35th  SL  ;  22746 

METAL    CEILINGS 

Boyle  Mfg.  Co 5100  Santa  Fe  Ave.;  10964,  South  620 

Woolwine   Metal  Products  Co. 8th  &  Santa  Fe  Ave.;  24445,  West  4110 

METAL  LATH 

Crawford,  P.  M Bldg.  Industries  Assn.;  60608,  Main  6561 

Herringbone  Metal   Lath  Co 449  E.  3rd  St.;  F5696,  Bdwy.  1006 

ORNAMENTAL   IRON 

Bayer- Rothgeb  Co Slauson  &  Santa  Fe  Aves. ;  10049,   South  450 

U.  S.  Metal  Products  Co 750  Kellar  St.;  F5466,   Bdwy.  3493 

Brombacher   Iron   Wks 1668  Long  Beach  Ave.;  22714,  South  943 

Pac.  Coast  Ornamental   Iron  Wks. 1316  Central  Ave.;  Bdwy.  6341 

Panama  Ornamental   Iron   Wks 1143  Quincy  St.;  West  245 

L.  A.  Wire  &  Iron  Wks 129  E'.  7th  St.;  F5090 

PAINT  SUPPLIES 

Cal.  Glass  &  Paint  Co 510  Commercial  St.;   60433,  Bdwy.  1937 

National  Lead  Co.  of  Cal _ 1942  Orchid  Ave.;  579414 

Tibbets-Oldfleld   Paint  Co 908  S.  Main  St.;  F3361,   Bdwy.  91 

Fuller,   W.   P.   &  Co 145  No.   L.  A.   St.;  10059,   Main  4122 

Boulden   Paint  Products  Co 732  So.   L.   A.   St.;  A4311,  Main  9421 

Acme  White  Lead  &  Color  Co _ 345  E.  3rd  St.;  F3381,  Main  4804 

PAINTING  CONTRACTORS 

Hollywood  Decorating  Co. 6421  Hollywood  Blvd.;  579782,  Hollywood  2373 

Hildebrand,  C.  R _ 444  W.  47th  St.;  Vermont  131 

Tondro   &   Lindgreen 3313   Merced  Ave.;   East  3812 

Tuttle,   R.  P. „ 2824  W.   Pico  St.;  73249,  West  3982 

Thomas,    Augustus 1224  McCadden   Place;    Hollywood  1022 

Aberbuch,  S. 1810  So.  Vermont  Ave.;  23683,  West  2134 

Arenz- Warren   Co 2121   W.   Pico  St.;   54320,  West  2633 

Burstein,  J 2544   W.   21st  St.;    West  4370 

Caton- Kline  &   Hillerman 931   So.   Hill  St.;   F3846,    Bdwy.  1543 

Caufield,  A.  T. 926  E.  29th  St.;  25402,  South  5658J 

Hastings,   F.  E 1011  W.   20th  St.;  23786,  West  6027 

Mertz,  R.   L 4606   Topaz  Ave.;   East  263 

Mann,  Horace  H 2411  So.  Vermont  Ave.;  71893 

Merrill,  Jos 1823  E.   2nd  St.;   41084,   Boyle  1389 

Miles,   H.  T.  &  Son 432  W.   45th  St.;  Vermont  432 

McNeil   Bros 334  No.   Belmont  Ave.;  Wilshire  3454 

Mason,  B.  S 724  San  Pedro  St.;  Main  4889 

Gabbert,   M.  L 3825  So.  Grand  Ave.;  22420,  South  5390W 

Mackay,    Robt 3039  Swift   St.;   23172,   South  4410 W 

Morris,  W.   W 345  Plata  St.;  59397 

MacNeil    Bros 334  No.   Belmont  Ave.;    Wilshire  3454 

American  Sanitary  Co 791  E.  38th  St.;  South  7010 

Nevin,   W.  J 1410  W.   Washington  St.;  32221,   West  5496 

PaUmounta'n,   B.    L _ 3025   No.    Broadway;    East  3785 

Parker,  J.    H. 218  New  High   St.;  31104 

Danforth,   L.   F 1929  So.   Hoover  St.;   21492 

Todd   &  Qu'vey 326   E.   25th  St.;   South  4224W 

Waymon,   E.   W 950  So.  Berendo  St.;   75795,  Main  6561 

Wh  te  &   Bundy 627  So.  Main  St.;  F4501,   Bdwy.  1492 

Weissman,    David 401   E.    60th   St.;    South  4085 

PIPE  AND  STEEL 

Finn,  M.  J.  Pipe  &  Steel  Co 1308  San  Fernando  St.;  East  368 

PLASTER 

Blue  Diamond  Plaster  Co 2200  E.  16th  St.;  A5309,  Main  7422 

PLASTERING  CONTRACTORS 

Dickson,  V.  L 746  E.  28th  St.;  South  672J 

Duncan,   James 1416   Oak   Circle 

Potts,   Fred   E 2283  W.  25th  St.;  71056 

Pedgrift  Bros.  &  Leibold 3927  So.  Olive  St.;  21026,  South  3533 


12 


Main  1924 


A  1639 


NATIONAL  HARDWOOD  CO. 

Oak,  Maple,  Beech  and  Birch  Flooring 

WHOLESALE  AND  RETAIL 

FLOORS     LAID,     SCRAPED     AND     FINISHED 
BUILDING     AND     FELT     PAPERS  WAX 


634   to   646  Aliso  Street 


Los    Angeles,    California 


I  W-ff 


ITK 


SLEEPING     OUT — A     MODERN     ADVANTAGE 

View  of  the  Oscillating  Portal  Wall  Bed,  showing  how  the  SAME 
bed  may  be  used,  at  will,  either  on  the  sleeping  porch  or  in  the  room. 
It  can  be  put  entirely  out  of  the  way  during  the  day,  permitting  the 
free  use  of  the  porch  (for  an  out-door  luncheon  or  a  place  for  the 
youngsters).  In  case  of  heavy  rain  during  the  night  the  occupants 
can  instantly  turn  the  bed  into  the  room. 

Our  bed  will  swing  in  or  out  of  doors  with  bedding  and  pillows 
intact.  DAVID     C.     NARVER     AGENCY  Broadway 

60871      608  Metropolitan  Building — Broadway   at  Fifth   Street  502 


13 

Dequine,   Bert   E.  148  W.   24th   St.;  29436,    South  6590 

Cools  &  Reiff - ■ 1822  So.  Main  St.;  South  3642W 

Westberg,   Ed 527  E.   Ave.   39;   Kast  879 

Peetolite    Mfg.    Co 836    E.    Ducommun    St.  ;F2689 

Poling,   O.    E 1413    Guard   St. 

Ritchie,   J.   N 1045  E.  22nd  St.;   South  5791R 

Oriental  Stucco  Co 502  Bradbury  Bldg. ;  A1492 

Anderson,   L.   R 3917  Halldale  Ave.;  77382,  Vermont  451 

Booher,    H.   A 2218  Wall  St.;  25924,   South  5971 

Brown,    Ira    E _ - 4419  Finley  Ave. 

Burton,    R.    E. , .,. -... ..-. 409    Llssner    Bldg.;    Vermont  5S12 

Malone  &  Thorson  Building  Industries  Assn.;  60608,  Main  6561 

O'Connor,  J.  J.  740  So.  Sichel  St.;  Kast  3921 

Pealor,  O.   F 1328  W.  24th  St.;  23960,  Wiest  4627 

PLUMBING    CONTRACTORS 

Hogan,  Thos   A 3400  W.    Pico  St.;  West  3387 

Brown,  S.  C.  Co.  115  W.  17th  St.;  24329,  Bdwy.  2472 

Guercio    Bros. 602  W.   6th   St.;   F5813,  Main  413 

JVIcArthur,   Wm.  '. 1429   Essex   St. ;   21909,    South  6944W 

Newell,  John.T _ 136  W.  17th  St.;  25173,  Bdwy.  2062 

PLUMBING  SUPPLIES 

Nelson,    N.  O.   Co 439  E.   3rd  St.;   10803,   Main  4604 

Washington    Iron  Works 1925   Sacramento  St.;  F1621,  Main  4079 

Turner,  G.   H.  Co. fth  &  Alameda  Sts. ;  60739,  Main  3535 

ROOFINGI 

Atlas   Roof  Co 212  No.  L,.  A.   St.;  A5150,   Main  987 

Davis,   B.  Y.   Roofing  Co. 822  E.  3rd  St.;  Main  4360 

Owen   Roofing   Co 915  Santa  Fe  Ave.;  F2127,  Main  1497 

Pioneer   Paper  Co 247  So.    L.   A.   St.;   10328,   Main  8080 

Pioneer  Waterproofing  and   Roof  Co 319  E.  2nd  St.;  F6555,  Bdwy.   2422 

Sunset   Roofing   Co.....' 6428  Sunset  Blvd.;   577135,   Hollywood  1475 

Weaver  Roof  Co 339  E.  2nd  St.;  F2855,  Bdwy.  784 

SAFES  AND   VAULTS 
Sweetser   &   Baldwin ,....529   Marsh-Strong   Bldg.;   F2043,   Main  1210 

SAND   AND  GRAVEL 

Hoover,  W.   E 965  E.  57th  St.;  29962,  South  6345 

L.    A.    Rock   &  Gravel    Co 3439   Pasadena   Ave.;   31090,   East  78 

Consumers   Rock  &  Gravel   Co. 26th  &  Alameda  St.;  23762,  South  2970 

SASH,    DOORS  AND   MILL   WORK 

Cal.    Door  Co.  237   Central  Ave.;   A2560,   Main  584 

Cal.    Planing   Mill   Co 1931  So.  L.   A.   St.;  24229,  South  140 

Graves  Sash,  Door  &  Mill  Co 263  No.  Ave.  19;  31455,  East  2071 

Pac.   Sash   &   Door  Co. 3310  So.  Main  St.;   10647,   South  856 

So.  Cal.   Hardwood  &  Mfg.  Co 1430  So.  Alameda  St.:  60671,  Main  7689 

SEWER    PIPE 

Pac.   Sewer  Pipe   Co. ^ 827  E.   7th   St.;   60153.   Bdwy.   3715 

SHEET   METAL  CONTRACTORS 

Brown,   Emil 114   E.   9th  St.;  F4628,  Main  5S38 

Cal.   Cornice   Works 1610  San  Fernando  St.;   A2601,  East  809 

Main  Cornice  Works 610  No.  Main  St.;  A9550,   Main  9311 

Payne,   D.  W.  &  Son :....32S  E.  2nd  St.;  Main  4807 

Collins  &  Dee 1732  E.   14th  St.;   Bdwy.   3270 

Independent  Cornice  &  Furnace  Wks 1228  E.  9th  St.;  Main  4458 

Kelsey  &  Vaughn 5404  Compton  Ave.:  .South  6520J 

Pac.  Cornice  Works 1375  W.  Washington  St.;  23492 

National   Cornice  Works 1327   Channing   St.;   A4118 

Vermont  Square  Sheet   Metal   Wks 4818  So.  Vermont  Ave.;  Vermont  3938 

American    Cornice   Works 966   E.   4th  St.;  A5478 

Arcade  Cornice  Works 721  E.    12th  St.;  20693 

Panzer  &   Hamilton 137  Rose  St.:    A3474,   Main  2289 

United   Cornice   Wks. 3306  So.   Main  St.;   21843,   South  843J 

STONE 

BIy  Bros.— McGilliard  Stone  Co 678  Utah  St.;  41581,  Bdwy.  1146 

McGilvray-Raymond  Granite  Co. 920  Santa  Fe  Ave.;  F4764,  Main  5041 

STRUCTURAL  STEEL 

Baker    Iron    Works 912    No.    Broadway;    10124,    Main  9224 

Llewellyn    Iron   Works 1100   No.   Main  St.:   10977,   Bast  28 

Union    Iron    Works 519   Stimson   Bldg.;    60666,   Main  323 

TEAMING  AND  TRUCKING 

Girard,  E.   N _ 115  No.  Gless  St. ;  41950 

Roach,  T.  T 1249  E.    9th  St.:  Main  2420 

Smith    Bros.    Motor  Truck  Co 317  E.   3rd  St.;   F5248,   Main  290 

TILE   AND  SLATE    ROOFING 

Blessing,    R.  G. 2615  Alice  St.;   East  1312 

Kirby,   M 1317  Berendo  St.;   72389 

WINDOW  SHADES 

Talbert  Whitmore  Co 2620  L,acy   St.:   10439,   East  2707 

WOOD   CARVING 
Kiesling,   R.  G 1627  Maple  Ave.:  24986 


14 


SECURITY  FOR  SAVINGS 


s 


COMMERCIAL 


SECURITY  CORNER  EQUITABLE  BRANCH 

Fifth  and  Spring  First  and  Spring 


CRUSHED  ROCK,  SAND  AND  GRAVEL 

Deliveries    to    All   Points    in   Southern    California 

CAPACITY  5000  TONS  DAILY 

PLANTS  AT   RIVAS,    HOLLYWOOD   AND   VENTURA 

Phones:     Sunset  Main    7028 — Home   60028 

SOUTHERN  CAL  ROCK  &  GRAVEL  CO. 

1316  Baker-Detweiler  Bldg.,  Los  Angeles 


HOME  61123  MAIN   788 

LOS  ANGELES  BRICK  CO. 

Manufacturers    of 


BRICK 


HOLLOW  BUILDING  TILE 

Yards:     Chavez    Ravine,    Mission    Road,    East    7th    St. 

OFFICE:  503   SECURITY  BLDG.  LOS  ANGELES,   CAL. 


15 


Architects 


Acker,  Arthur  L. 182  E.  Vernon  Ave. 

Albright,   Harrison 532  Laughlin  Bldg. 

Allison  &  Allison  1405  Hibernan  Bldg. 

Angel,    Arthur  W 3755   Princeton  Ave. 

Ashley,    F.    M 1125   Baker-Detwiler 

Austin,  J.   C _ 412  W.   6th  St. 

Backus,  J.  J 35   City  Hall 

Bean,   Henry  E _ 1034   Central  Bldg 

Benton,  A.   B 114  No.    Spiing  St. 

Bergstrom,   Edwin _ _ _ 1129  Citizens  National  Bank  Bldg. 

Bixby,    B.    B Realty  Bldg. 

Blee,  John    E 515   Union  League  Bldg. 

Bl  iesner,  W.  J _ ...1606  Highland  Ave. 

Borgmeyer,    E.  J _ 317  Stimson  Bldg. 

Boxall,  H.  L 453  So.   Grand  Ave. 

Brown,   C.    H „ 515  Stimson  Bldg. 

Brown,   F.   A _ _ 321  Investment  Bldg. 

Clements,   Stile  0 1620   Shatto   St. 

Cline,   E.    H 620   Brockman  Bldg. 

Cody,    H.    B 1200   Marsh-Strong  Bldg. 

Cooper,  J.   M 635  Marsh-Strong  Bldg. 

Corwin,    H.   G 3015    Swift   St. 

Corserisan,   G.    F. 706   Lankershim  Bldg. 

Cross,    Harold 123   So.   Dillion   St. 

Curlett,  Wm.  &  Son _ 518  Merchants  National  Bank  Bldg. 

Davis,    F.    P 621  Exchange  Bldg. 

Davis,    Walter    S „ 621  Exchange  Bldg. 

Dennis,  O.   P _ 618  Fay  Bldg. 

DeRemer,  Jos.    Bell 624  Title  Insurance  Bldg. 

Dodd,  W.  J 609  Brockman  Bldg. 

Dorn,    Fred    R 1233   Marsh-Strong  Bldg. 

Eager,    A.    W 1201    Story  Bldg. 

Eckardt,   H _ Garvey  Ave.,  Garvalia 

Edelman   &    Barnett 826  H.   W.  Hellman  Bldg. 

Eisen,    Theo.    A. 383   Wilcox    Bldg. 

Eisen,    Percy    A _ _ 383    Exchange  Bldg. 

Erkes,    W.    E 415    Henne  Bldg. 

Farrar,  Frank  R _ 1219  Crescent  Heights  Blvd. 

Farell,  R.  C 1437  San  Pedro  St. 

Farquhar,   R.    D. 1123  Van  Nuys  Bldg. 

Farwell,    Lyman 615   Story  Bldg. 

Ferguson,    R.   C 1341    Constance   St. 

Fitzhugh,    T 961    Story  Bldg. 

Frauenf elder,  J.  J 1116   Story     Bldg. 

Freese,  Ernest   r 914  W.   11th  St. 

Garrett,    W.   S 405    Currier   Bldg. 

Garstanq,   Chas  E „. 720  Black  Bldg. 

Gerity,   H.  Scott 330  Consolidated  Realtv  Bldg. 

Gill,   Irvin  J 913  S.  Figueroa  St. 

Glidden,    H.    W 704  Wright  &   Callender  Bldg. 

Greene,   W.  S 922  Van   Nuvs  Bldg. 

Grey,   Elmer .........811  Wright  &  Callender  Bldg. 

Griffith,  T.   R 3957  Halldale  Ave. 

Gunning,   D 1664  W.   24th  St. 

Hall,  CI  i nton 801  S.  Union  Ave. 

Heineman,  A.  S. 831  San  Fernando  Bldg. 

Heinlein,    Frederick 404    Washington  Bldg. 

Hewitt,   H.    H 624   Title   Insurance  Bldg. 

Hibbard,    L.    H 1200   Marsh-Strong  Bldg. 

Hodenpyl,    Geo.    J.,   Jr 2216   Juliet    St. 

Hollwedel,  H.  C ...„ 539  Merchants  National   Bank  Bldg. 

Hopkins,   E.   L 316   American  Bank  Bldg. 

Hopkins,    C.    H 1125    Baker-Detwiler  Bldg. 

Houghton,    Luke 722    Hollingsworth  Bldg. 

Howard,  G.   A.,   Jr 827   Storv  Bldg". 

Howard,    H.   C 212   Broadway  Central  Bldg. 

Howry,   DeForest 2177  W.   24th  St. 

Hudson    &    Munsell 415    Stimson  Bldg. 

Hunt   &    Burns 701   Lauglin  Bldg. 

Hunt,     Myron 1017  Hibernian  Bldg. 

Hutchinson,   Chas   M 1405  Hibernian  Bldg. 

Janssen,  Otto ". _ 765   Pvrites  St. 

Jeffrey,    E.    R 1202  Van  Nuvs  Bldg. 

Johnson,    H.    DePue 4654   Ro.';ewood   Ave. 


16 

Jones,  Howard   E 214  Broadway  Central  Bldg. 

Kegley,   Frank  T.,  Jr 330  Consolidated  Realty  Bldg. 

Keim,  T.   B.,  Jr.,  &  Co 202  Haas  Bldg. 

Kelly,  A.    R.  IHO  Story  Bldg. 

Kimball,   H.   M 1334  Harper  Ave. 

King,    R.    D 519   Van   Nuys  Bldg. 

Klelnpell     W      E.  618    Aldama    Terrace 

Kooken,   A.   J .". - 402   W.   1st  St. 

Kraemer,    Wm.    H 3036   5th   Ave. 

Krause,    J.    W 3035    Foster   St. 

Krempel,  J.   P 415  Henne  Bldg. 

Kysor,  C.  H , 618  Wright  &  Callender  Bldg. 

Lindsay,  Geo.   M. 453   Holland  Ave. 

LInthwalte,   H.   A. 516    Byrne  Bldg. 

Long,    U.    0 5419    Marion    Way 

Lourdou,   F.  X.  320  Merchants  Trust  Bldg. 

Low,    Geo 1064    W.    7th    St. 

Marsh,    N.    F 212    Broadway   Central  Bldg. 

Marston,   Mott   M. Pacific  Electric  Bldg. 

Martin,   A.   C 430   Higgins   Bldg. 

Mayberry,  &  Parker, 471  Pacific  Electric  Bldg. 

Memmler,    A.    H, 621    Lissner  Bldg. 

M  itchell,    Roy   C 1737    5th    Ave. 

Mohr,   W.   H (With  Santa  Fe)    Kerchoff  Bldg. 

Montgomery   &    Montgomery 609    Merritt  Bldg. 

Morgan,   Walls  &   Morgan 1136   Van   Nuys  Bldg. 

Needham,    P.    A 809    Investment  Bldg. 

Neher,    Otto 709    Garland  Bldg. 

Norberg,   E.  P 420  Title  Insurance  Bldg. 

Norton,  S.  T 602  Title  Insurance  Bldg. 

N  oy es,   F.  A 505  Lankershim  Bldg. 

Odd,  Chas  G _ 1131  Van  Nuys  Bldg. 

Orr,    Robt.    H 1301  Van  Nuys  Bldg. 

Palmer,    Fred    E 5118   Hollywood   Blvd. 

Pape,  Paul   C 623  Consolidated  Realty  Bldg. 

Parkinson,  John  240  Title  Insurance  Bldg. 

Patterson,    H.    M 324   O.    T.    Johnson  Bldg. 

Pennell,   W.   C 535   Consolidated   Realty  Bldg. 

Pierce,   H.    L (With  Union  Oil)   Union  Oil  Bldg 

Power,  T.  F. 333  Higgins  Bldg. 

Preston,    Thos 820    Investment  Bldg. 

Quintin,   Scott 2655  N.   Griff n  Ave. 

Rea,   Alfred    W 720   Black  Bldg. 

Reeve,   Burgess  J 1829  W.  Adams  St. 

Reeves,  H.  Alban 544  Chamber  of  Commerce  Bldg. 

Rittenhouse,  C.   C 310  Wilcox  Bldg. 

Roberts,   J.   W 2530   4th   Ave. 

Roehrlg,   F.    L 721  American   Bank  Bldg. 

Rosenheim,  A.   F 1118  Van  Nuys  Bldg. 

Rosenthal,  A.   B 408  Lankershim  Bldg. 

Russell,   C.    H 1107  Story  Bldg. 

Saunders,   W.   J 319    Laughlin  Bldg. 

Schabarum,   P.    K. 1927  Union  Ave. 

Schaefer,   F.  R 1202  Van  Nuys  Bldg. 

Schwendener,  Karl  D (with  U.  S.  Eng.  Corps) 

Seehorn,   I.    H _ 3281/2    Clay   St. 

Shattuck,   C.    E 318   Mason  Bldg. 

Skill ing,   C.    F 709   Garland  Bldg. 

Simons,  F.   E 1194  E.   34th  St. 

Sindorf,   J 420   Title   Insurance  Bldg. 

Smith,    E.    J ; 325  H.  W.  Hellman  Bldg. 

Smith,    J.    C 325  H.    W.   Hellman  Bldg. 

Soper,    F.  J 1122    Stoi-y  Bldg. 

Sp^nk,   Chas.   R 6751   Hollywood   B'vd. 

Stiff,   Frank   L 110?   Van    Nuvs  Blig. 

Strona.   Ed.   A 6723  Hollywood  Blvd. 

Sturges,  A.   B 1109  SI  or  ^/  Bldg. 

Taylor,   E.   C. 815   Haas  Bldg. 

Taylor,   Robt.  M 900  Marsh-Strong  Bldg. 

Thompson,  Wm.  R,...'. 971   AVestmorland   Ave. 

Thorne,    E.    C 525  Exchange  Bldg. 

Train    &    Williams 225  Exchange  Bldg 

Tyler,    F.    M _ 908    Black  Bldg. 

Valk,   A.    Lawrence 447   Douglas  Bl  ig. 

Val k,   L.    B 424   Stimson  Bldg. 

Van  Trees,  P.  J _ 1202  Van  Nuys  Bldg. 

Vawter,    John    T 1403    H'bernian  Bldg, 

Voelkel,  G.    E 1319  E.    Washington   St 

Wqckerbirth.    A 20"   No.    Main    St. 

Walker,   A.   R 1403   Hibernian  Bldg. 

Wallis,   F.    H 604  Title  Insurance  Bldg.- 


17 


Warn,    Montrose 3126   Winter   St 

Warner,    O.    M : 220    Stimson  Bldg 

Webber,    W _ 718   I<"eiguson  Bldg 

Werner,  W.   H 5372  Templeton  St 

Wells,     R.     H, _ Kerckhoff  Bldg 

Westcott,   Clyde    L _. 4710   Mascot   St 

Winslow,   C.    M _ 1131   Van   Nuys  Bldg 

WIthey,    H.    F _ 1017  Van    Nuys    Bldg 

Woodruff,   S.    H _ Bryson   Apts 

Wriqht,   P.   0 823    Security  Bldg 

Wy m an,   Cl.    H _ 1651   Essex  St 

Young,    F.    W _ _ 701    Lankershim  Bldg 

Zeller,   J.   T 215   Currier  Bldg. 

ARCHITECTURAL  DESIGNERS 

Architectural    Designing   Co 623   Grosse  Bldg 

Dunn,    Harold    B - 922  Van  Nuys   Bldg 

Durr,  W.   F _ 256  6th  bt.,   San  Pedro 

Froseth,   IVI.   B 938  E.   33rd  St. 

Gentry,    F.    H _ 533    Union    Oil  Bldg 

J  ones,    L.    L _ 615   Hibernian  Bldg 

Knauer,   H.  J 703  Story  Bldg 

Lindiey,   A.   G 310  Hollingsworth  Bldg 

IVle.nardus,    E.    E.    B 808   Investment  Bldg 

Merriman   &   Neighbors 1116   Story   Bldg 

Olmon,   B.  C 2317    vV.   10th   St 

Pardee,    Geo 900    Auditorium  Bldg 

Pembeiton,    L.    B 900  Auditorium  Bldg 

Peters,   Frank  H 314  W.  4th  St 

Plummer   &    Feil 1108    Story  Bldg 

Peoples  &  Cheney 828  Union   Oil  Bldg 

Priest,  A.   F 615   Fay  Bldg 

Rust,   E.   B 1101  Van   Nuys  Bldg 

St  1 1  well    &   Co 410  Henne  Bldg 

Whiteley,   H.   H. 1018  Story  Bldg, 

Wilcox,    R.    H 3800   Woodlawn   Ave 

Wright,    A.    E 1663   Roosevelt  Ave. 


F.  E.  NEWBERY  ELECTRIC  CO. 

Incorporated 


Engineers 

Contractors 

Dealers 

IF  ITS  ELECTRICAL 
WE  HAVE  IT 


HmsmKt 


BROADWAY  5113 
A  4265 

724-726 
S.  Olive  St. 

LOS    ANGELES,     GAL. 


Home  41719        Residence,   24456 

Tay-Mac  Company 

J.    D.    Taylor 
Manufacturers    of 

Mantels  and  Artificial 
Stone 

Designs    Copyrighted 
1313  E.  1st  St.,  Los  Angeles,  Gal. 


South   843-J;   Home    21843.       H.    O.   WILTSE,    Prop.      Res.    Phone    25044 

UNITED  CORNICE  WORKS 

3306-3308    S.    Main   St.,    Los    Angeles,    Cal. 

Galvanized  Iron,  Tin  and  Copper  Work 

Furnaces     Installed    Complete  Galvanized    Iron    and    Copper    Cornice 

Skylights     and     Metal     Roofing         Gutters,     Spouting,     Finials 

Estimates  Given.  Work  Promptly  Executed 

J.  C.  HAIN  .  A.  G.  AURAND 

L  A.Xement  Gun"  Co. 

Engineers  &  Contrs.  of  'Xement  Gun"  Construction 

A-2882  Main  2661 


PICO    HBIGHTS    LUMBEIR  CO. 

R.  F.  D.   7 

Main  Office,    West   End   of  Pico  St.      Phones:   Home    72580 — West    1790 

We   carry    a   complete   line    of   the    best   Building   Material, 

including    Sash,    Doors    and    all   kinds    of    Mill    Work;    also 

a   stock   of  cheaper  grades. 

OUR  PRICES  ARE   RIGHT 

Our  desire  is  to  please  our  patrons  in  prompt  service  and  straightforward 

dealing,    and    upon    this   basis  we    solicit   your   patronage 

PICO    HEUOHTS    LUMBEIR  CO. 


Sunset    West    123  7 
25    Years    Experience    in    Making    Scagliola 

ll^ttrji  i^rnratiu^  Harbl?  (Ha, 

MAKERS  OF  SCAGLIOLA,   TERRAZZO,   ORNAMENTAL   CONCRETE 

and 

CRYSTALLIZED  GRANITE 

63  1    W.  Washington  St.  LOS  ANGELES.   CAL. 


Constitution  and  By-Laws  of  the  Building 
Industries  Association  or  Los  Angeles 


ARTICLE   I. 
Name    and    Location. 

Sec.  1.  The  corporate  Name  and  Title 
for  this  As.sociation  shall  be  the  "BUILD- 
ING INDUSTRIES  ASSOCIATION  OF 
LOS   ANGELES." 

Its  location  and  place  of  business  shall 
be  in  the  city  of  Los  Angeles,  County  of 
Los   Angeles,    State   of   California. 

Its  term  of  existence  shall  be  fifty 
years,  from  and  after  the  filing  of  its 
certificate    of   incorporation. 

The  Association  is  and  shall  be  an  In- 
dustrial, Commercial,  Educational  and 
Beneficial   organization. 

ARTICLE    II. 
Objects. 

Sec.  1.  This  Association  is  organized  for 
the  purpose  of  centralizing  and  controll- 
ing the  elements  regularly  and  actively 
engaged  in  all  branches  of  the  building 
industry  and  to  classify  its  members  into 
crafts  or  unit  bodies;  to  establish  bureaus 
of  information;  to  secure  proper  recogni- 
tion and  co-operation  from  the  Architec- 
tural and  Engineering  branches  of  the  in- 
dustry and  from  the  various  civil  law 
making  bodies,  to  the  end  that  standard 
forms  may  be  devised,  adopted  and  le- 
gally enforced;  to  secure,  equip  and  main- 
tain suitable  rooms  for  the  daily  meet- 
ings of  its  members,  for  the  transaction 
of  its  general  business,  and  to  establish 
and  maintain  free  employment  bureaus. 

Sec.  2.  To  inculcate  just  and  equitable 
principles  in  trade,  and  by  the  adoption 
and  enforcement  of  sufficient  and  proper 
laws,  rules  and  regulations  establish  con- 
formity in  Commercial  usages  by  its 
members;  to  adjust  differences  or  disputes 
of  a  business  or  commercial  character 
arising  between  its  members;  to  arbi- 
trate and  settle  controversies  or  disputes 
arising  between  employers  and  employees 
regarding  labor  and  labor  conditions;  to 
acquire  and  own  real  estate  for  the  erec- 
tion of  a  building  suitable  for  its  needs 
and    purposes. 

Sec.  3.  To  advocate,  encourage  and  aid 
in  the  organization  and  establishment  of 
Local,  State,  District  and  National  Asso- 
ciations of  a  kindred  character  and  hold 
membership  by  affiliation  or  federation  in 
such  State,  District  and  National  Asso- 
ciations. 

ARTICLE    III. 
Poi^^ers. 

Sec.  1.  This  Association  shall  at  all 
times  have  power  and  authority  to  accept 
or  reject  applications  for  membership 
herein;  to  create  and  establish,  from  time 
to  time,  laws,  rules  and  regulations  for 
the  government  of  its  members  and  en- 
force the  same;  to  receive  complaints 
against  its  members  when  same  are  made 
by  a  fellow  member  in  good  standing;  to 
inflict  punishment  upon  them,  either  by 
reprimand,  removal  froin  office,  or  expul- 
sion from  the  Association,  in  the  discre- 
tion of  the  Board  of  Directors,  and  to  do 
whatever  else  may  seem  advisable  or 
necessary  for  the  welfare  and  protection 
of  its  members  and  the  interests  of  the 
general   public. 


ARTICLE    IV. 
Executive     Authority — In     Whom     Vested. 

Sec.  1.  The  executive  authority  of  this 
.Association  shall  be  vested  in  a  Board  of 
Directors,  consisting  of  the  President, 
Vice-President,  Second  Vice-President, 
Treasurer,  and  one  representative  from 
each  craft  having  five  (5)  or  more  mem- 
bers in  good  standing  in  the  Association, 
who  shall  be  nominated  and  elected,  or 
appointed,  in  the  manner  and  form  as 
hereinafter  prescribed.  The  President,  or 
in  the  event  of  his  absence,  the  Vice- 
President  or  Second  Vice-President  of  the 
Association,  shall  be  Chairman  and  shall 
preside  in  the  order  of  their  seniority  at 
all  meetings  of  the  Board  of  Directors. 
The  Board  of  Directors  shall  have  gen- 
eral supervision  over  all  the  affairs  of 
the  Association. 

ARTICLE    V. 
Administration. 

Sec.  1.  The  Administrative  Officers  of 
this  Association  shall  be  a  President, Vice- 
President,  Second  Vice-President,  Secre- 
tary and  Treasurer,  all  of  whom  shall  be 
nominated  and  elected  or  appointed  in  the 
manner  and  form  hereinafter  prescribed. 
ARTICLE  VI. 
Memfcership. 

Sec.  1.  The  Membership  of  this  Associ- 
ation shall  be  of  two  (2)  kinds,  viz: 
Active  and  Honorary,  and  shall  consist 
of  individuals,  co-partnerships,  firms  and 
corporations  regularly  engaged  in  the  va- 
rious branches  of  the  Building  Industry 
and  shall  be  classified  and  designated  in 
part  as  follows: 

Master  Builders. 

Master   Brick  and   Stone   Masons. 

Master    Plumbers. 

Heating   and   Ventilating  Contractors. 

Master  Electricians  and  Gas  Fixture 
Contractors. 

Lime,  Cement,  Plaster,  Wood  and  Metal 
Lath   Manufacturers  and    Dealers. 

Master  Painters  and  Decorators. 

Cement   Contractors. 

Master  Plasterers  and  Staff  Work  Con- 
tractors. 

Marble  and  Tile  Manufacturers,  Deal- 
ers  and   Contractors. 

Paper,  Composition  Roofing  Manufac- 
turers,   Dealers    and    Contractors. 

Sheet  Metal  Manufacturers,  Dealers  and 
Contractors. 

Ornamental  Bronze  and  Iron  Manufac- 
turers,  Dealers   and    Contractors. 

Brick  and  Burned  Clay  Products  Manu- 
facturers  and    Dealers. 

Cement,  Lime,  Plaster,  Sand  and  Gravel 
Manufacturers  and  Dealers. 

Lumber   Manufacturers  and  Dealers. 

Sash,  Doors,  Screens  and  Interior  Mill 
Work  Manufacturers,  Dealers  and  Con- 
tractors. 

Glass  Manufacturers,  Dealers  and  Con- 
tractors. 

Builders'  Hardware  Manufacturers  and 
Dealers. 

Builders'  Specialties  and  Supply  Manu- 
facturers,   Dealers   and   Contractors. 

Paint  Supply  Manufacturers  and  Deal- 
ers. 

Plumbing,  Heating  and  Ventilating  Sup- 
ply Manufacturers  and  Dealers. 


20 


ALL  ARE  USINO 


^mimMm 


LYON- 
McKINNEY- 
SMITH  CO. 

Sole  Distributors 

HOOSIER 
KITCHEN 
CABINETS 

HERRICK 
REFRIGERATORS 

ECLIPSE 
GAS  RANGES 

737  So.  Hill  St. 
Los  Angeles 

Home  60204 
Bdwy.  138 


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IP>@I^[LA!?<l{E) 


640  TITLE.  INSURANCE,  BLDG. 
LOS  ANGELES. CAl^. 


6000  BARRELS 
DAILY 

THE    BEST   CEMENT  --  AND 
THE   QUICKEST   DELIVERIES 


21 


I'^lecti-ical  and  Gas  Fixliire  Supply 
Manufacturers    and    Dealers. 

.Siriictiiral  and  Re-ent'orcins  Iron  and 
Steel,  and  IMaehinery  :Manufaeturers, 
Dealers   and   Contractors. 

Gradini<',  Kxcavating  and  Street  Paving;' 
( 'ontractor.s. 

Miscellaneous  or  Unclassified  Building 
(^rafts. 

Sec.  2.  They  shall  he  represented  on 
tlie  Boaid  of  Directors  hy  one  of  their 
number:  provided,  however,  no  craft  shall 
be  entitled  to  a  representative  unless 
there  shall  be  at  least  five  (r>)  active 
nieinbers  in  good  standing  in  the  Build- 
ing   Industries    Association. 

Sec.  3.  In  the  event  that  a  craft  is 
lepreseiiled  by  less  than  the  required  five 
(.t)  memliers,  same  shall  be  designated 
under  tlie  Miscellaneous  or  ITnclassifled 
building  crafts,  and  the  Miscellaneous  or 
Tnclassifled  building  crafts  shall  be  al- 
lowed one  representative  on  the  Board, 
providing  this  craft  consists  of  five  (.5) 
oi-    more    members. 

ARTICLE    VII. 
Qualification    for    Membership. 

Sec.  1.  An  individual,  co-partnership, 
firm  or  corporation  who  is  regularly  en- 
gaged in  one  or  more  of  the  various 
branches  of  the  Building  Indusli-y  or 
construction  work  of  all  characters,  shall 
be  deemed  eligible  for  memliership  in  the 
Association. 

Sec.  2.  Any  individual,  co-partnership, 
tirm  or  corporation  desiring  to  become  an 
active  member  of  the  Association,  shall, 
except  in  the  case  of  transfer  from  an 
affiliated  Association,  have  been  a  con- 
tinual resident  of,  or  regularly  estab- 
lished and  doing  business  in  one  or  more 
of  the  various  branches  of  the  Building 
Industry  or  constructive  work  of  all  char- 
acters within  the  State  of  California  for 
a  period  of  three  (.3)  months  prior  to  and 
immediately  preceding  the  date  on  which 
ai)plication  for  said  membership  is  made. 
ARTICLE  VIII. 
Apphcation  for  and  Election  to 
Membership. 

Sec.  1.  .Application  for  membership  in 
this  Association  shall  be  made  in  writing 
and  on  a  form  prescribed  and  adopted  ny 
the  Board  of  Directors.  The  same  shall 
be  filed  with  the  Secretar.\',  ac;companied 
by  a  check  for  the  full  amount  of  the 
admission  fee.  Each  application  shall  be 
read  aloud  by  the  President  or  Secretary 
at  the  first  regular  meeting  of  the  Board 
of  Directors  and  shall  then  laj'  over  sub- 
ject to  an  Investigation  Cominittee  com- 
posed of  three  (3)  active  members  of  the 
Association  appointed  "by  the  President. 
.\t  the  next  regular  meeting  of  the  Board 
of  Directors  said  application  may  be  re- 
read and  voted  ui>on,  and  a  majority  vote 
of  the  Directors  present  shall  be  deemed 
sufficient  to  elect.  Honorary  membership 
in  the  Association  shall  be  conferred  by  a 
resolution  in  writing  and  adopted  by 
unanimous  vote  of  the  Directors  present 
and  voting  at  a  regular  meeting  thereof. 
Honorary  members  shall  noi  l)e  required 
to  i)av  admission  fees,  dues  or  assess- 
ments, 

ARTICLE    IX. 

Admission     to     Exchange     Rooms     and 
Privileges    Therein. 

Sec.  1.  Admission  to  the  rooms  of  this 
Association,  and  the  use  of  its  property, 
equipment  and  general  service,  shall  not 
be  granted  to  anyone  not  an  Active  or 
Honorary  member  in  good  standing.  Ad- 
mission   shall    be   granted    upon    presenta- 


tion of  a    ••.Meuiber.s-hip  Card,"    "Floor  Ad- 
mission   Card"    or   a    "Visitors'    Card.'' 

Sec.  2.  Any  individual,  i-o-partnership, 
firm  or  corporation  holding  Active  Mem- 
bership in  this  Association  shall  be  enti- 
tled to  not  more  than  two  (2)  representa- 
tives, one  of  whom  shall  be  designated 
and  known  as  a  "Voting  Member"  aiul 
the  other  shall  be  designated  and  known 
as  a  "Floor  Representative."  Provided, 
however,  in  case  said  individual,  co-part- 
nership, firm  or  corporation  desires  to 
secure  admission  and  the  general  privi- 
leges of  the  Association  for  not  more  than 
two  (2)  additional  Floor  Representatives, 
they  shall  first  make  written  application 
therefor  to  the  Board  of  Directors  of  the 
Association  for  approval,  and  shall  in  ad- 
dition thereto  be  required  to  pay  the  reg- 
ular membership  dues  to  the  Association. 
The  names  of  said  Floor  Representatives 
shall  be  certified  to  and  filed  with  the 
Secretary  of  the  Association  as  a  matter 
of  permanent  record.  No  Floor  liepre- 
sentative  shall  represent  more  than  one 
firm  at   one   and   the   same   time. 

Sec.  3.  An  individual,  co-partnership, 
firm  or  corporation  holding  Active  Mem- 
bership in  this  Association  shall  be  enti- 
tled to  one  vote,  and  hold  office  as  speci- 
fied in  Section  1,  Article  4.  and  Section  2, 
Article  (J,  of  (his  Constitution. 
ARTICLE  X. 
Elective    and    Appointed    Officers. 

Sec.  1.  The  Elective  Officers  of  this 
Association  shall  be  a  iPresident,  Vice- 
President,  Second  Vice-President,  Treas- 
urer and  one  Representative  from  each 
of  the  crafts  represented  in  the  active 
membership  of  the  Association  at  the  time 
set  for  nominations  and  election,  meet- 
ing the  requirements  as  set  forth  in  Sec- 
tion 2,  Article  6,  of  this  Constitution. 
The  Secretary  and  Advocate  of  the  Asso- 
ciation shall  be  appointed  from  year  to 
year  by  the  Board  of  Directors  of  the 
Association. 

Sec.  2.  The  Annual  Election  of  this 
Association  shall  be  held  on  the  Third 
Thursday  of  April  of  each  and  every  year. 

Ses.  3.  Election  to  office  in  this  Asso- 
ciation shall  be  by  secret  ballot  and  the 
form  of  ballot  shall  be  what  is  known  as 
the  Australian  l)allol.  The  Secretary  of 
the  Association  shall  prepare  and  be  cus- 
todian of  said  ballot  and  shall  see  that 
it  is  in  proper  order  and  condition  before 
any  memtjer  shall  be  allowed  to  vote. 
The  election  polls  shall  open  at  10  o'clock 
A.  M.  and  remain  open  continually  until 
7  o'clock  P.  M.,  at  which  time  the  Sec- 
retary shall  declare  the  polls  closed.  The 
President  shall  appouit  three  active  mem- 
bers to  serve  as  tellers,  whose  duty  shall 
be  to  have  charge  of  the  election,  canvas 
the  result  and  announce  same.  Any  can- 
didate receiving  a  majority  of  the  votes 
cast  for  the  office  for  which  he  was  a 
candidate   shall    be   declared    elected. 

Sec.  4.  At  the  (Jeneral  Meeting  held  on 
the  Third  Thursday  iii  March  of  each 
Near,  the  voting  members  present  shall 
proceed  to  nominate  one  or  more  candi- 
dates for  the  office  of  Pi'esideiit,  Vice- 
President,  Second  Vice-President,  Treas- 
ui-er,  and  one  i-epresentative  on  the  Board 
of  Directors  from  each  craft  represented 
in  the  Building  Industries  Association,  as 
set  forth  in  Section  2,  Article  6,  of  this 
Constitution;  piovided,  however,  that  any 
craft  oiganized  into  a  unit  body  shall  be 
authorized  to  nominate  its  own  represent- 
ative.   The  Secretary  shall,  within  five  (5) 


22 


days  thereafter,  make  up  a  list  of  the 
candidates  nominated  for  the  respective 
offices  to  be  filled  at  the  General  Elec- 
tion and  shall  cause  same  to  be  posted 
in  a  conspicuous  place  in  the  Association 
rooms. 

Sec.  5.  Not  less  than  ten  (10)  days 
prior  to  the  General  Election  of  the  Asso- 
ciation (the  date  to  be  fixed  each  year 
by  the  Board  of  Directors),  the  Associa- 
tion shall  hold  a  primary  election  for  the 
purpose  of  selecting  not  more  tiian  two 
candidates  for  each  of  the  offices  to  be 
filled  at  said  election.  The  Secretary  shall 
have  prepared,  on  a  form  approved  by 
the  Board  of  Directors,  a  sufficient  num- 
ber of  ballots  containing  the  names  of 
all  candidates  previously  named.  The 
two  candidates  receiving  the  highest 
number  of  votes  at  said  primary  election 
for  the  respective  offices  to  be  filled, 
shall  have  their  names  placed  upon  the 
ballot  at  the  general  election;  provided, 
however,  that  any  candidate  receiving  a 
majority  of  all  votes  east  for  the  respec- 
tive office  for  which  he  was  a  candidate, 
shall  be  declared  elected,  and  it  shall  not 
be  necessary  for  his  name  to  be  placed 
upon  tlie  ballot  at  the  general  election. 

Sec.  6.  The  President,  Vice-l^resident, 
Second  Vice-President  and  Treasurer, 
shall  be  elected  for  a  term  of  one  year. 
The  five  (5)  Directors  receiving  the  high- 
est number  of  votes  cast  at  tnelr  annual 
election,  shall  be  elected  for  a  term  of 
two  years.  The  remaining  Directors  shall 
be  elected  for  a  term  of  one  year  or  until 
their  successors  shall  have  been  elected 
and  qualified. 

Sec.  7  In  case  a  vacancy  occurs  on  the 
Board  of  Directors  of  the  Association  after 
the  annual  election  thereof  is  held,  said 
vacancy  shall  be  filled  by  a  three-fourths 
vote  of  the  Directors  present  and  voting 
at  a  regular  meeting  thereof,  provided, 
however,  that  in  case  the  vacancy  .shall 
occur  from  an  organized  unit,  the  Board 
of  Directors  shall  fill  the  vacancy  with 
the  name  presented  from  the  said  unit. 
ARTICLE  XI. 
Duties  of  Officers. 

Sec.  1.  The  President  shall  be  the 
Executive  Officer  of  the  Association  and 
shall  preside  at  all  meetings  thereof,  ap- 
point all  committees  unless  otherwise 
specified  and  shall  be  ex-officio  meinbei' 
of  the  same,  decide  all  questions  of  order 
subject  to  appeal  and  shall  perform  such 
other  duties  as  the  Board  of  Directors 
or  Association  may  fix;  and  shall  be  au- 
thorized to  sign  warrants  drawn  on  the 
Treasurer  and  approved  by  the  Board  of 
Directors  and  shall  sign  such  other  docu- 
ments as  the  Board  of  Directors  may 
order. 

Sec.  2.  The  Vice-President  or  Second 
Vice-President,  in  the  absence  of  the 
President,  shall,  in  the  order  of  their' 
seniority,  perform  all  the  duties  of  the 
President. 

Sec.  3.  The  Treasurer  shall  receive  all 
moneys  paid  to  the  Association  from  all 
sources,  ;ind  give  his  off  cIfI  receipt  there- 
for to  the  Secretary  of  the  Association 
and  cause  same  to  be  deposited  to  the 
credit  of  the  Association  in  a  depository 
approved  by  the  Board  of  Directors;  shall 
pay  all  warrants  drawn  on  him  T)y  direc- 
tion of  the  Board  of  Directors  when  signed 
by  the  Presiderrt  and  attested  by  the  Sec- 
retary. He  shall  keep  a  correct  account  of 
all   moneys   received   or   paid    out    by   him 


and  shall  have  his  books  and  records 
open  for  examination  or  audit  by  the 
Finance  Committee  at  such  times  as  the 
Board  of  Directors  may  r'equest.  He  shall 
give  a  surety  bond  in  the  name  of  the 
President  for  the  faithful  discharge  of  his 
duties.  Said  bond  shall  be  for-  a  sum  not 
less  than  One  Thousand  ($1,000.00)  Dol- 
lars, the  cost  ther-eof  to  be  paid  by  the 
Association.  He  shall,  if  requested  by  the 
Board  of  Directors,  render  a  monthly 
statement  in  wr'iting  showing  the  amount 
of  moneys  r-eceived  by  him  and  at  each 
Annual  Meeting  of  the  Association,  he 
shall  prepare  and  submit  an  itemized  re- 
port in  writing,  showing  the  amount  of 
moneys  received  by  him  and  foi'  what 
purpose  same  was  disbur'sed.  He  shall 
receive  as  remnueration  for  his  servlcen, 
such  sum  as  the  Board  of  Directors  may 
fix. 

Sec.  4.  The  Secretary  shall  be  the  Gen- 
eral Manager  of  the  Association.  His  of- 
ficial title  shall  be  "Secr-etary  and  Gen- 
eral Manager."  He  shall  at  all  tirrres  be 
under-  and  subject  to  the  orders  of  the 
President,  and  shall  report  directly  there- 
to, and  shall,  unless  excused  by  the  Board 
of  Directors,  attend  all  meetings  of  the 
Association  and  cause  to  be  kept,  correct 
minutes  and  acdur-ate  records  of  all  said 
spondent  of  the  Association,  and  shall, 
under  the  Board  of  Directors,  have  charge 
over  the  other  employees.  He  shall  receive 
all  moneys  due  and  paid  to  the  Associa- 
tion from  all  sources  and  give  his  official 
receipt  therefor,  and  pay  same  (o'-tnwith 
to  the  Treasurer  of  the  Association,  tak- 
ing his  official  receipt  therefor.  He  shall 
cause  to  be  kept,  a  complete  and  accurate 
set  of  books  and  accounts,  showing  in  de- 
tail each  transaction  of  a  financial  na- 
ture arising  between  the  Association  and 
its  membe's  or  others;  he  shall  cause  to 
be  rendered  on  the  first  day  of  each 
month,  and  at  the  end  of  each  year,  a 
complete  statement  in  writing  srrowinf? 
the  financial  condition  of  the  Association, 
and  shall  present  same  to  the  Botrd  of 
Directors,  or  to  the  Finance  Committee 
for  examination  and  audit  when  requested 
so  to  do  by  the  Board  of  Dir-ectors.  He 
shall  give  a  surety  bond  in  the  name  of 
the  President  for-  the  faithful  dischar-ge  of 
his  duties.  Said  bond  shall  be  for-  a  sum 
not  leps  than  Five  Hundred  ($500.00)  Dol- 
lars, the  cost  thereof  to  be  rraid  by  the 
Association.  He  shall  direct  the  whole  en- 
ergy and  influence  of  the  Association  for 
the  benefit  of  its  members,  ard  shall  keeii 
himself  fully  informed  regarding  all  mat- 
ters relative  to  the  building  industry  and 
shall  p'-omptly  bulletin  sq'd  information 
to  the  Association.  He  shall  perfo»-m  such 
other  duties  as  the  Boar-d  of  Direciors 
may  request,  or  this  Const'tut'on  de  land, 
not  here'n  mentioned.  He  shpll  receive 
as  remuneration  for  his  services,  such 
sum  as  the  Poard  of  Directors  may  fix. 

Sec.  5.  The  Advocate  of  this  Associa- 
tion shall  be  the  legal  advisor  of  the  As- 
sociation. He  shall  receive  for  his  ser- 
vices such  sum  as  the  Board  of  Direc- 
tors mav  fix. 

ARTICLE    XII. 
Board  of  Directo'-s. 

Sec.  1.  The  Board  of  Dir-ectors  shall 
possess  all  executive  authority  of  the 
Association.  It  shall  cause  all  the  Laws, 
Rules  and  Regulations  as  laid  down  in 
th's  Constitution  to  be  impartially  admin- 
istered,    and     punctually     and     faithfully 


23 


obeyed  by  all  the  Officeis  and  Meinbeis 
of  the  Association.  Shall  create  and  adopt 
addditional  Rules  and  Regulations  and  en- 
force same.  Provided,  however,  that  any 
additional  Rule  and  Regulation  shall  be 
subject  to  change  oi-  appeal  by  a  major- 
ity vote  of  the  Voting  Members  present 
in  good  standing  and  voting  at  a  Regular 
oi-  Special  Meeting  thereof.  Shall  provide 
all  forms  and  sy.stems  and  direct  the  ex- 
penditure and  disposition  of  the  funds 
and  other  property  of  the  Association: 
shall  appoint  the  Secretary  and  General 
Manager,  the  Advocate  of  the  Associa- 
tion, and  any  other  persons  it  may  deem 
necessary  for  the  proper  administration  of 
the  Association,  and  shall  fix  the  salaries 
to  be  paid  such  persons.  Shall  appoint 
committees  to  have  charge  of  and  hear 
the  evidence  in  cases  where  charges  have 
been  filed  against  a  member  of  the  Asso- 
ciation and  shall  pass  final  judgment  upon 
their  report,  and  shall  perform  such  othei' 
duties  as  the  Association  may  direct,  or 
this  Constitution  demand  riOt  herein  men- 
tioned. Each  member  of  the  Board  of 
Directors  shall,  unless  excused  by  a  ma- 
jority vote  of  the  Directors,  attend  all 
meetings  of  the  Board  and  in  case  any 
member  fails  to  attend  for  three  con- 
secutive meetings,  he  may  be  dropped 
from  membership  on  the  Board  by  a  two- 
thirds  vote  of  the  Directors  present  and 
voting.  They  shall  receive  as  remnuera- 
tion  such  sums  as  the  Exchange  may  fix. 
ARTICLE  XIII. 
Standing  Committees. 
Sec.  1.  The  President  of  tne  Association 
shall,  immediateh'  following  his  election, 
appoint  the  following  Standing  Commit- 
tees, subject  to  coniiiination  by  the 
Board  of  Directors  of  the  Association, 
who  shall  hold  office  at  the  pleasure  of 
the   Board: 

1.  Executive    Committee    of    the    Board 

of  Directors. 

2.  House    Committee. 

3.  Finance    Committee. 

A.     T.,aws  and   Rules  Committee. 

.").     Employment    Committee. 

fi.     Publicity    Committee. 

Sec.  2.  The  Executive  Committee  shall 
consist  of  three  members  of  the  Board  of 
Directors  and  shall  be  composed  of  a  Gen- 
eral Contractor,  Sub-Contractor  and  a 
representative  of  a  Material  Supply 
House;  whose  duties  shall  be  to  transact, 
during  the  interim  of  the  meetings  of  the 
Board  of  Directors,  all  the  routine  busi- 
ness which  would  ordinarily  be  performed 
by  the  Board  of  Directors  and  shall  ap- 
prove emergency  bills,  pass  upon  appli- 
cations for  membership  after  same  have 
been  appioved  by  the  Tnvesti,gating  Com- 
mittee, and  perform  such  other  duties  as 
shall  be  designated  from  time  to  time  by 
the  Board  of  Directors.  They  shall  hold 
weekly  meetings  and  shall  report  in  writ- 
ing' at  each  regulai'  meeting  of  the  Board 
of  Directors,  all  business  transacted  by 
them   during  the  preceeding  jnonth. 

Sec.  3.  The  House  Committee  shall 
consist  of  three  (3)  members  of  the  As- 
sociation, said  committee  shall,  under  the 
Board  of  Directors,  have  charge  of  the 
Rooms  of  the  Association,  and  shall  see 
that  they  are  kept  clean  and  in  attractive 
order;  shall  see  that  all  necessary  equip- 
ment and  service  is  piovided  and  properly 
appointed,  and  shall  formulate  and  pre- 
sent   to    the    Board    of    Directors    for    ap- 


proval, such  Rules  and  Regulations  for 
the  good  of  the  .^ssociatJon  as  it  may 
deem  for  the  best  inteiescs  thereof  and 
shall  see  that  said  Rules  and  Regulations 
are  posted  in  the  Association  Rooms  and 
are   obeyed. 

Sec.  4.  The  Finance  Committee  shall 
consist  of  three  (3)  meinbers  of  the  Board 
of  .Directors  of  the  Association.  Said 
Committee  .shall  examine  and  approve  all 
bills  presented  to  the  Association  for  pay- 
ment and  examine  and  audit  the  books 
and  accounts  of  all  officers  having'  charge 
of  the  funds  of  the  Association  and  make 
every  reasonable  effort  to  keep  the  Asso- 
ciation in  a  sound  financial  condition. 
Said  Connnittee  shall  report  in  writing  at 
each  Annual  Meeting,  or  whenever  re- 
quested by  the  President,  or  the  Board  of 
Directors,  as  to  the  financial  condition 
of   the    Association. 

Sec.  5.  The  Daws  and  Rules  Committee 
shall  consist  of  three  (3)  members  of  the 
Association.  The  Advocate  of  the  Associ- 
ation shall  be  ex-officio  member  of  said 
Committee.  All  matters  relative  to  the 
amendments  of  this  Constitution  or  of  the 
Laws,  Rules  and  Regulation  of  the  Asso- 
ciation shall  be  referred  to  this  Commit- 
tee for  recommendation  without  debate. 
Sec.  6.  The  Emplo\ment  Committee 
shall  consist  of  three  (3)  members  of 
the  Association.  ,Said  Committee  shall 
establish  a  Free  Employment  Bureau  in 
the  Association  rooms  for  the  benefit  of 
the  members  of  the  Association  and  the 
general  public:  and  shall,  under  the  Board 
of  Directors,  have  g:eneral  supervision 
over  same. 

Sec.  7.  The  Publicity  Committee  shall 
consist  of  one  (1)  member.  Said  Com- 
mittee shall  handle  all  matters  of  pub- 
licity connected  with  and  of  interest  to 
the  Association. 

ARTICLE  XIV. 
Fees,  Dues,  Assessments  and  Fines. 
Sec.  1.  The  Admission  Fee  to  this  As- 
sociation shall  be  not  less  than  Two  Dol- 
lars and  Fiftj-  Cents  ($2.. 50)  and  not  more 
than  Two  Hundred  Fifty  ($2.50.00)  Dollars. 
The  Membership  Dues  in  the  Exchange 
shall  be  not  less  than  Twelve  ($12,001 
Dollars  nor  more  than  One  Hundred 
Twenty  ($120.00)  Dollars  pei-  annum  and 
shall  be  payable  quarterly  in  advance,  the 
first  day  of  January.  April-  Jul.v  and  Oc- 
tober of  each  year.  If  said  membership 
dues  are  not  paid  within  ninety  days  from 
date  as  herein  piesciibed.  then  said  mem- 
ber shall  become  delinquent  and  shall  im- 
mediately be  suspended  fiom  membership 
in  the  Association,  and  shall  remain  sus- 
pended until  said  dues  are  paid.  A  sus- 
pended member  shall  not  be  permitted 
access  to  the  rooms  of  the  Association  or 
the  use  of  its  property  and  general  ser- 
vice   during'   such   delinquency. 

Sec.  2.  The  Board  of  Directors  of  this 
Association  in  case  of  need  or  necessity, 
by  a  three-fourths  (%)  vote  of  the  mem- 
bers present  in  good  standing  and  voting: 
at  any  meeting'  thereof  shall  have  full 
power  and  authoiity  to  levy  assessments 
on  all  of  the  Active  Members  of  the  Asso- 
ciation, Provided,  however,  that  no  as- 
sessments shall  be  levied  for  an  amount 
exceeding  fifty  (50%)  per  cent  of  the 
membership  dues  in  any  one  year.  Upon 
levying  said  assessments,  the  Board  of 
Directors  shall  cause  the  President  oi- 
Secretary    of   the   Association    to    immedi- 


24 


ately  send  notice  in  writing  to  each  mem- 
ber assessed,  stating  amount  of  liis  as- 
sessment, and  a  copy  of  said  notice  shall 
at  the  same  time  be  posted  upon  the 
Bulletin  Board  of  the  Association  for  a 
period  of  five  (5)  days.  Said  assessments 
shall  become  due  and  payable  within  ten 
(10)  days  from  date  of  levying  same. 
ART  ICLE  XV. 
Final   Withdrawal  Cards. 

Sec.  1.    Any  member  of  this  Association 
in  good  standing  desiring  to  terminate  his 
meinbership;    shall    file   a    letter   of    resig- 
nation with  the  IJoard  of  Directors  of  the 
Association,    and    the    Board    of   Directors 
shall,   by  a  majority   vole   of  its  me.noers 
present  and  voting  at  any  meeting  there- 
of,   accept   said    resignation. 
ARTICLE    XVI. 
Membership,   Floor  Admission  and 
Visitor's    Cards. 

Sec.  1.  The  Board  of  Directors  of  this 
Association  shall  devise  a  form  of  "Mem- 
bership Card,"  "Floor  Admission  Card" 
and  "Visitors'  Card";  which  shall  by  a 
majority  vote  of  the  members  of  the 
Board  of  Directois  present,  be  and  be- 
coiie   tlie  C)ii,cial  i'orai   of  said   cards. 

Sec.  2.  Each  Active  and  Honorary 
member  of  this  Association  shall  be  fur- 
nished with  an  "Official  Membership 
Card"  upon  making  application  therefor 
to  the  Secretary  of  the  Association.  Pro- 
vided, however,  that  .said  iMemdership 
Card  when  issued  to  an  Active  Member 
shall  become  invalid  upon  the  expiration 
of  the  actual  period  of  time  for  which 
membership  dues  have  been  paid. 

Sec.  3.  Each  certified  "Floor  Repre- 
sentative" shall  be  furnished  with  a 
"Floor  Admission  Card"  upon  making  ap- 
plication therefor  to  the  Secretary  of  the 
Association.  Provided,  however,  that  such 
Floor  Admission  Card  shall  become  in- 
valid upon  the  expiration  of  the  actual 
period  of  time  for  which  Membersniijr 
Dues  have  been   paid. 

Sec.  4.  A  "Visitors'  Card"  .shall  be  fur- 
nished to  any  person  upon  application 
therefor  to  the  Secretary  of  the  Associa- 
tion who  shall  have  been  vouched  for  by 
an  Officer  or  Member  of  the  Association 
in  good  standing.  Said  Visitors'  Card 
shall  not  be  issued  for  a  period  to  exceed 
ten  (10)  days  and  may  be  revoked  at  any 
time  by  the  Board  of  Directors  of  the 
Association. 

ARTICLE   XVII. 
Addresses. 

Sec.  1.  Each  member  of  this  Association 
shall  furnish  the  Secretary  thereof  with 
his  correct  address,  and  communications 
directed  to  the  last  address  so  furnished 
shall  be  considered  as  meeting  all  re- 
quirements of  the  l^aws,  Rules  and  Regu- 
lations of  the  Association  regarding  no- 
tices  to  members. 

ARTICLE   XVIII. 
Quorum. 

Sec.  1.  Ten  (^('%)  per  cent,  of  the 
total  number  of  Voting  Members  of  this 
Association  present  and  in  good  standing, 
shall  constitute  a  Quorum  foi-  the  traii.s- 
act'on  of  biis'nocc:  of  any  regular  meet- 
ing of  this  Association. 

Sec.     2.     A     major'ty    of    the     T^oard    of 
Directors  of  this  Associ.^^tion  shall  consti- 
tute a  quorum  fo'-  the  t'-ansfction  of  bu.si- 
ness  at  any  meeting  therf^of. 
ARTICLE    XIX. 
Meetings. 

Sec.   1.     The  Regular  Meetings  shall   be 


held  as  fixed  by  the  By-Laws  of  this  As- 
sociation. 

Sec.  2.  Special  Meetings  may  be  called 
at  any  time  by  the  President  or  Board  of 
Directors.  Twenty-five  voting  members 
of  the  Association  may  request  the  Presi- 
dent in  writing,  to  call  a  special  meeting 
in  which  event  he  shall  do  so.  Provided, 
however,  that  sufficient  time  shall  be 
allowed  the  Secretary  to  notify  all  Voting 
Members  by  mail,  and  shall  clearly  state 
the  nature  and  purpose  of  the  business 
to  be  acted  upon  as  such  Special  Meeting 
and  no  other  business  except  that  set 
forth  in  the  notice  of  the  Secretary  .shall 
be    acted    upon    at    such    Special    Meeting. 

Sec.  3.  Regular  Meetings  of  the  Board 
of  Directors  shall  be  held  at  the  time  pre- 
scribed by  the  By-Laws  thereof.  All 
business  of  the  Association  which  shall 
properly  come  before  the  Board  of  Direc- 
tors, as  prescribed  In  the  Constitution, 
shall  be  transacted  at  such  meetings. 

Sec.  4.  Special  Meetings  of  the  Board  of 
Directors  may  be  held  at  any  time  upon 
call  of  the  President  thereof,  or  upon  re- 
quest in  writing  signed  by  not  less  than 
five  (5)  Directors  in  good  standing,  ad- 
dressed to  the  President  and  filed  with 
the  Secretary  of  the  Association.  Pro- 
vided, however,  that  sufficient  time  shall 
be  allowed  the  Secretary  of  the  Associa- 
tion to  notify  all  Directors  in  good  stand- 
ing, by  mail,  and  said  notice  shall  state 
the  business  to  be  acted  upon  at  such 
Special  Meeting.  No  other  business  ex- 
cept that  set  forth  in  the  notice  of  the 
Secretary,  shall  be  considered  or  acted 
upon  at  such  Special  Meeting. 
ARTICLE  XX. 
Order  of   Business. 

Sec.  1.  The  following  shall  form  a  part 
of  the  Order  of  Business  and  Procedure  at 
meetings  of  this  Association,  and  at 
meetings  of  the  Board  of  Directors 
thereof: 

1.  Call    to   Order. 

2.  Roll  Call  of  Officers  and  Members. 

3.  Reading  Minutes  of  Previous  Meet- 
ing. 

4.  Report    of   Committees. 

.^.  Reports  of  Investigating  Commit- 
tees   of    Applications. 

6.  Voting  Upon  Applications  for  Mem- 
bership. 

7.  Reading  New  Applications  for  Mem- 
bership. 

5.  Reading   Bills   and    Communications. 
!i.     Unfinished    Business. 

10.  New   Business. 

11.  Good    and    Welfare. 

12.  Secretary's     Report     of    Receipts     of 
Meetings. 

13.  Finance    Committee's    Report. 

14.  Treasurer's    Report. 

15.  Adjournment. 

ARTICLE  XXI. 
By-  Laws. 
Sec.  1.  The  Poard  of  Directors  of  this 
Association  shall  adopt  such  By-Laws  as 
it  may  deem  necessary  for  the  proper 
conduct  of  its  business.  Provided,  how- 
ever, said  By-Laws  shall  in  no  wise 
<'onflict  with  any  of  the  provisions  of 
Ihis  Constitution.  It  shall  require  a 
three-fourths  (3-4)  vote  of  the  Directors 
l>resent  and  voting  at  any  meeting  there- 
of to  suspend  such  By-Uaws  or  make 
any  additions,  alterations  or  amend- 
ments   thereto. 

ARTICLE    XXII. 
Rules    of    Order. 
Sec.  1.     Robert's    Rules    of    Order    shall 


25 


decide  all  questions  in  the  .Meetings,  Pro- 
ceedings and  Debates  of  this  Exchange. 
Provided,  however,  they  shall  not  be 
construed  as  to  contliet  with  any  of  the 
Laws,  Itules  and  Regulations  of  the  Ex- 
change, as  prescribed  in  this  (^onstitu- 
"O"-  ARTICLE    XXIII. 

Amendments   to   Constitution. 

Sec.  1.  Thi.s  Constitution  shall  not  be 
altered  or  amended  except  by  a  three- 
fourths  (3-4)  vote  of  the  voting  mem- 
bers of  the  Association  present,  in  good 
standing  and  voting  at  a  meeting  called 
and  held  for  such  purpose.  Provided, 
however,  not  less  than  ten  days'  written 
notice  had  been  given  of  the  proposed 
change  to  each  member  in  good  stand- 
ing in   the   Association. 

Sec.  2.  This  Constitution  is  hereby  de- 
clared to  be  in  full  force  and  effect  on 
this  15th  day  of  March  A.  D.,  1917,  by 
the  Building  Industries  Association  of 
Los   Angeles. 


BY-LAWS 


ARTICLE    I. 
Name    and    Location. 

Sec.  1.  The  corporate  name  and  title 
for  this  Association  shall  be  the  "BUILD- 
ING INDUSTRIES  ASSOCIATION  OF 
LOS  ANGELES"  and  its  location  and 
place  of  business  shall  be  in  the  City  of 
Los  Angeles,  County  of  Los  Angeles, 
State  of  California. 

ARTICLE    II. 
Object. 

Sec.    1.      Thi.s   Association    is    organized 
for    the    purpose    set    forth    under    ARTI- 
CLE   2   of    its    Constitution. 
ARTICLE    III. 
Membership. 

Sec.  1.  The  Membership  of  this  Asso- 
ciation shall  be  of  two  (2)  kinds,  viz., 
Active  and  Honorary,  and  the  same  shall 
be  created  in  the  manner  and  form  pre- 
scribed and  set   forth   in   its  Constitution. 

ARTICLE   IV. 
Admission     Fees     and     Membership     Dues 

Sec.  1. — The  Admission  Fee  for  Active 
Membership  in  this  Association  shall  be 
Five  ($.5.00)  Dollars,  and  the  same  snail 
be  paid  in  the  manner  and  form  pre- 
scribed   in   its   Constitution. 

Sec.  2.  The  Membership  Dues  in  this 
Association  shall  be  Thirty  ($30.00)  Dol- 
lars per  annum,  and  the  same  shall  be 
paid  in  the  manner  and  form  prescribed 
ill    its   Constitution. 

ARTICLE    V. 
Annual    Election. 

Sec.  1.  The  Annual  Election  of  this 
Association  shall  be  held  on  the  third 
Thur-sday  of  April  of  each  and  every 
year  in  the  manner  and  form  ijrescribed 
in  its  Constitution.  Provided,  however, 
in  case  the  day  set  as  herein  prescribed 
falls  on  a  Legal  Holiday,  then  and  in 
I  hat  event  .said  Annual  Election  shall  l)e 
liel(l  on  the  next  following  da\. 
ARTICLE  VI. 
Meetin'^s. 

Sec.  1.  The  Annual  ^Meeting  of  this  As- 
sociation shall  be  held  on  the  third  Thurs- 
day of  Marc-h  of  each  and  every  year. 
Provided,  however,  in  case  the  day  set 
as  herein  prescribed  falls  on  a  Legal 
Holiday,  then  and  in  that  event  said 
.Vnnual  Meeting  shall  be  held  on  the  fol- 
lowing   dav. 

Sec.  2.  The  Meetings  of  this  A.ssociation 
.shall  be  held  on  the  third  Thursday  of 
each  and  every  month   and  .said   Meetings 


shall  convene  at  l:iio  o'clock  P.  M.  at  a 
place  selected  by  the  Board  of  Directors 
of   the   Association. 

Sec.  3.  apeciui  and  Open  Meetings  of 
this  Association  shall  be  held  in  the  man- 
ner and  form  prescriijed  in  its  Constitu- 
tion. 

Sec.  4.  Regular  Meetings  of  the  Board 
of  Directors  of  this  Association  shall  be 
held  on  tlie  first  Thursday  of  each  and 
every  month,  at  a  time  and  place  selected 
by  the  Board  of  Directors  of  the  Asso- 
ciation. 

Sec.  5.     Regular  meetings  of  the  Execu- 
tive Committee  of  the  Board  of  Directors 
of    this    Association    shall    be    held    every 
Thursday   at    1:30    P.    M.    except    the    first 
Thursday  of  each  and   every   month  when 
the>'  shall  meet  with  the  Board  of  Direct- 
or's. ARTICLE   VII. 
Quorum. 
Sec.  1.     A  iiuorum  for  the  transaction  of 
bu.siness  at  all  meetings  of  this  Associa- 
tion   and    the   Board    of  Directors   thereof 
shall  be  as  prescribed  in  the  Constitution. 
ARTICLE    VIII. 
Order  of   Business 
Sec.    1.     The  Order  of   Business  shall   be 
as   prescrilied    in   the   Constitution. 
ARTICLE    IX. 
Rooms   and    Hours 
Sec.    1.     The   rooms   of  this   Association 
shall  be  for  the  exclusive  use  of  its  mem- 
bers   and    the    same    shall    be    kept    open 
daily    from    7:30    A.    M.    until    .5:00    P.    M., 
Sundays     and     Holidays     excepted.       The 
hours    from    11    A.    M.    to   2:00    P.    M.    shall 
be  known  as  "Change  Hours." 

Sec.  2.  During  the  vear,  the  General 
Office.?  of  the  Association  shall  close  at 
1:00  P.   M.    on   Saturdavs. 

ARTICLE    X. 
Admission    to    Exchange    Rooms 
Sec.    1.     .Admission    to   the   rooms   of  the 
Association  shall  be  by  card,  as  prescribed 
in    its    Constitution,    and    said    cnrd    shall 
be   exhibited  to   any   officer   of   the   Asso- 
ciation upon  request  made  therefor.  Keys 
to  the  Association  rooms  will  be  furnished 
ui)on    applicalion    to   the   Secretary. 
ARTICLE    XI. 
Use  of  Exchange   Roomsl 
Sec.     1.      ilembeis    of    this    Association 
shall    not   use    the    rooms   or   halls   thereof 
for   the    payment    of   employees    nor  shall 
persons    be    permitted    to    solicit    employ- 
ment therein,  except  through  the  Bmploy- 
rnnt    Bureau    prescribed    in    its    Constitu- 
tion. ARTICLE   XII. 
Service. 
Sec.  1.  Each  member  of  this  Association 
in    good    standing    will    be    supplied    with 
A— -FIVE— 8241— STANDARD     11-3    — CLF 
a    letter    l)ox    wherein    shnll    he    placed    all 
mail,    communications   and    calls. 

Sec.  2.  Plan  boxes  mav  be  had  upon 
application  to  the  Secretary  of  the  Asso- 
ciation. ARTICLE    XIII. 

Auxiliary  Organizations. 
Sec.  1.  T">ich  Au,xiliar\-  ( )rgfiniz;il  ion 
affiliated  with  this  Association  may  enact 
such  By-T^aws  as  may  lie  deemed  neces- 
sary for  its  local  government  and  control. 
Provided,  however,  such  Bv-Laws  shall 
not  confiict  with  the  Constitution  or  Hy- 
Laws  of  thi.«  .Association. 

ARTICLE    XIV. 

Amendments   and    Alterations. 

Sec.  1.     These   By-Laws  may  be  altered, 

amended  or  suspended  in  the  manner  and 

form    prescrilied    by    the    Constitution     of 

this    As.sociation. 


26 


Registration  of  Master  Plumbers 


Ordinance   No  32.714 

(New  Series) 

As     amended     i  ly     Ordinance    No.    33,671, 

36,534    and    37,114,    (New   Series). 

An   Ordinance  regulating     tlae     business 

of    Plumbing      and    the      Registration      of 

Master   Plumbers. 

Tiie  Mayor  and  Council  of  the  City  of 
I.os  Angeles  do  ordain  as  follows: 

Section  1.  It  shall  be  unlawful!  for 
any  person,  firm  or  corporation  to  en- 
gage in  or  carry  on  th.e  business  of 
plumbing,  or  to  represent  hi'mself,  if  a 
person,  as  a  Master  Plum'ber,  or  if  a  flrm 
or  corporation,  to  represent  itself  as  a 
firm  or  corporation  of  Master  Plumbers, 
unless  such  person,  firm  or  corporation 
shall  have  first  registered  at  tlie  office  of 
the  Chief  Inspector  of  Buildimgs  in  the 
•Department  of  Public  Works  of  the  City 
of  Los  Angeles,  and  ototained  a  "iCertifl- 
cate  of  Registration"  from  the  Board  of 
Public  Works  of  the  City  of  Los  Angeles, 
as   hereinafter  provided. 

Sec.  2.  For  the  purpose  of  this  lOr- 
flinance  a  Master  Plum'ber  shall  I'oe  deem- 
ed to  be  any  person,  flrm  or  corporation 
engaged  in  the  business  of  plumbing  and 
gas  fitting,  and  vloing  plumbing  work,  gas 
fitting  work,  or  laying  of  sewers  on  pri- 
vate premises,  or  doing  similar  work  af- 
fecting the  sanitary  drainage  system  of 
any    house,    building   or   structure. 

For  the  purpose  of  this  Ordinance  a 
.Journeyman  Plum'ber  shall  be  deemed  to 
be  any  person  who  is  employed  to  do 
plumbing  and  gas  fitting;  work  for  a 
wage  or  salary  either  by  t'ne  day,  week 
or  month,  but  who  does  not  furnish  any 
materials  or  supplies  in  the  execution  or 
performance  of  any  such  pluimbing  and 
gas   fitting   work. 

Sec.  3.  Nothing  in  this  Ordinance 
shall  be  deemed  or  construed  to  require 
any  person,  flrm  or  corporation  to  regis- 
le.-  (j  V.'  O'OialM  -t  ">!eii  irt  j:ue  oi  Ke  ,  .-^- 
tration''  as  provided  in  Section  1  hereof, 
for  repairing  any  plum'bing  or  gas  fitting 
work,  in  any  building  or  structure  or  on 
any  private  premises  which  are  owned  by 
and  under  the  control  of  suclr  person, 
firm  or  corporation,  or  to  prohibit  any 
person  from  being  employed  or  offermg 
his  employment  as  a  Jouneyman  Plumb- 
er. 

Sec.  4.  Every  person,  firm  or  cor- 
poration desiring  to  have  his,  its  or  their 
name  registered  in  the  "Register  of  Mas- 
ter Plumioers",  shall  make  application  in 
writing  to  the  Board  of  Public  Works  of 
tiie  City  of  Los  Angeles,  at  the  office  of 
the  Chief  Inspector  of  Buildings,  on 
blanks  furnished  for  that  purpose,  giving 
the  name  and  address  of  such  person, 
firm  or  corporation;  if  a  firm  ,th'e  names 
of  the  members  thereof,  and  if  a  corpor- 
ation, the  names  of  the  officers  of  such 
corporation,  toget'aer  with  such  other  in- 
formation as  may  be  deemed  necessary 
by  sai'd  Board  of  Public  Works;  such  ap- 
plication shall  be  verifled  upon  oath; 
if  a  corporation,  tjy  an  officer  thereof;  if 
a  copartnership,  by  a  member  of  such  co- 
partnership: or  if  an  individual,  by  such 
person;  or  by  tlie  duly  authorized  agent 
of  any  such  person,  firm  or  corporation, 
and  every  such  application  snail  be  ac- 
companied 'by  a  bond  executed  to  the  City 
of  Los  Angeles  with  two  or  more  suf- 
ficient  sureties   or      by   a   surety   company 


authorized  so  to  do.  In  form  said  bond 
must  be  joint  and  several  and  in  the  sum 
Of  one  thousand  ($1000.00)  dollars,  and 
said  bond  must  be  conditioned  that  the 
whole  or  any  part  of  said  one  thousand 
($1000.00)  dollaf-s  shall  be  pai'd  to  any 
person  who  'nas  suffered  damage  by 
reason  of  the  violation  of  any  of  the 
provisions  of  this  ordinance  or  any 
amendment  thereto  or  any  of  the  provis- 
ions of  an  Ordinance  Numbered  28,700 
(New  Series)  and  entitled,  "An  Ordinance 
regulating  the  construction,  alteration, 
repair,  demolition  and  removal  of  ibuild- 
ings  and  other  structures,  and  regulating 
the  construction  and  ins:allation  of 
plumbing  and  house  'drainage  and  the 
installation  of  gas  piping  and  fittings  in 
the  City  of  Los  Angeles,  and  providing 
for  tne  issuing  of  permits  therefor",  in 
so  far  as  said  Ordinance  regulates  the 
installation  of  plumibing  or  house  drain- 
age or  the  installation  of  gas  piping  or 
fittings,  or  the  issuing  of  permi:s  there- 
for, either  then  in  force  or  which  may 
thereafter  be  a'dopted.  Said  'bonds  shall 
not  be  void  upon  the  fii>L  reeo\ery  \>  . 
may  be  sued  and  recovered  upon  from 
time  to  time  by  any  person  who  has 
suffered  damages  as  herein  referred  to, 
in. his  own  name,  until  the  wliole  penalty 
is  exhausted.  The  sufficiency  of  the 
surety  or  sureties  on  any  such  bond  shall 
be  approved  by  the  Board  of  Public 
Works  and  every  such  bond  shall  toe  ap- 
proved as  to  form  by  the  City  Attorney 
of  the  City  of  Los  Angeles. 

Sec.  .5.  Kvery  person,  firm  or  corpor- 
ation before  being  entitled  to  be  regis- 
tered or  to  obtain  a  "Certificate  of  Re- 
gistration" as  in  this  ordinance  provi'd- 
ed,  shall  pay  to  the  Board  of  Public 
Works  of  sai'd  City,  at  the  office  of  the 
Chief  Inspector  of  Buildings,  a  registra- 
tion fee  in  t'ne  sum  of  Sixty  Dollars 
($60.00),  payable  as  follows: 

Thirty  Dollars  ($30.00)  upon  the  issu- 
ing of  the  said  "Certificate  of  Registra- 
tion," and  Thirty  Dollars  ($30.00)  six 
months  from  the  first  day  of  the  month 
'during  which  such  certifiacte  shall  have 
been   issued. 

Provided  t'nat  any  person,  flrm  or  cor- 
poration engaged  in  the  laying  of  sewers 
or  outside  drains,  only,  on  private  prem- 
ises, shall  pay,  as  aforesaid,  a  registra- 
tion fee  in  the  sum  of  Thirty  Dollars 
($30.00),  payable  as  follows:  Fifteen  Dol- 
lars ($15.00)  upon  the  issuance  of  said 
certificate  of  registration;  and  Fifteen 
Dollars  ($15.00)  six  months  from  the  first 
day  of  the  month  during  which  such  cer- 
tificate shall  have  been  issued. 

Upon  the  payment  of  the  said  registra- 
tion fee  and  the  filing  and  approval  of 
the  bond,  as  herein  provide'd,  such  per- 
son, firm  or  corporation  shall  be  entitled 
to  be  registered  and  to  obtain  a  "Certi- 
ficate Of  Registration"  for  a  period  of 
one  year  from  the  first  day  of  the  month 
during  which  suc'n  "Certificate  of  Reg- 
istration"  shall  have  been   issue'd. 

It  shall  be  the  duty  of  the  Chief  In- 
spector of  Buildings  to  issue  the  "Certi- 
ficate of  Registration,"  and  every  such 
certificate  shall  state  the  name  and  busi- 
ness ad'dress  of  the  applicant,  t'ne  date 
on  which  the  second  installment  of  t'ne 
registration  fee  is  'due  and  payable,  and 
the   date    upon    which   the   said   certificate 


27 


expires,  and  shall  certify  that  the  per- 
son, firm  or  corporation  named  in  the 
said  certificate  has  complied  with  the 
provisions  of  tnir  ordinance  and  that  such 
Person,  firm  or  corporation  is  deemed  to 
lir^  a  "Registerel  Master  Pliimer,"  and 
entitled  to  conduct  and  engage  in  the 
business  of  plumbing  and  gas  fitting  for 
the   period   specified    in   said  certicate. 

Every  cert.ficate  issued  as  in  this  sec- 
tion provided  shall  become  null  and  void 
immediately  upon  the  failure  of  the  per- 
son, firm  or  corporation  named  in  such 
certificate,  to  pay  the  second  installment 
of  the  registration  fee  at  the  time  herein 
specified,  or  upon  the  second  conviction  of 
the  person,  firm  or  corporation  named  in 
sucn  certificate  for  violating  any  of  the 
provisions  of  this  ordinance  or  any  of  the 
provisions  of  an  ordinance  of  tlie  City  of 
Los  Angeles  regulating  the  construction, 
alteration,  repair,  'demolition  and  removal 
of  buildings  and  other  structures  and  re- 
gulating the  construction  and  installa- 
tion of  plumbing  and  house  drainage,  an'd 
the  installation  of  gas  p'ping  and  fittings, 
an'd  providing  for  the  issuing  of  permits 
therefor,  in  so  far  as  said  ordinance  re- 
gulates the  installation  of  plumbing  or 
house  drainage  or  the  installation  of  gas 
piping  or  fittings  or  t'ne  issuing  of  per- 
mits therefor,  either  then  in  force  or 
which  rnay  thereafter  be  a'dopted,  and 
thereafter  it  shall  be  unlawful  for  any 
such  person,  firm  or  corporation  to  en- 
gage in  or  carry  on  tlie  business  of  plumb- 
ing or  to  represent  himself,  if  a  person, 
as  a  Master  Plumber,  or  if  a  firm  or  cor- 
poration to  represent  itself  as  a  firm  or 
corporation  Of  Master  Plumbers,  until 
such  person,  firm  or  corporation  shall 
nave  re-registered  and  o'^taine'd  a  new 
"Certificate     of    Registration"     as    herein 


before  provided.  The  Chief  Inspector  of 
Buildings  may  issue  to  any  person,  firm 
or  corpcration  to  whom  a  "Certificate  of 
Registration"  was  issued  prior  to  the  first 
day  of  February,  1916,  a  new  "Certificate 
of  Registration"  for  an  additional  period 
Of  six  months  from  and  after  the  date 
of  the  expiration  of  such  prior  certificate, 
upon  the  payment  of  the  sum  of  Thirty 
1  ollars  ($30.00)  and  the  filing  and  ap- 
proval of  t'ne  bond  as  herein  before  pro- 
vided. 

Sec.  6.  All  certificates  of  registration 
issued,  as  in  tliis  ordinance  provided,  shall 
be  countersigned  by  t'ne  City  Clerk  and 
City  Auditor  of  said  City  in  the  same 
manner  as  licenses. 

Sec.  7.  All  fees  collected  under  pro- 
visions of  this  ordinance  shall  be  deposit- 
ed by  the  Chief  Inspector  of  Buildings 
with  the  Ci^y  Treasurer  of  said  city  upon 
the  next  following  ihusiness  day,  to  the 
credit  of  departmental  receipts. 

Sec.  8.  Every  person,  firm  or  cor- 
poration violating  any  of  tiie  provisions 
o"  this  ordinance  .shall  be  deemed  guilty 
of  a  misdemeanor  and  upon  conviction 
tnereof  shall  be  punishable  nv  a  fine  of 
not  less  than  ten  ($10.00)  dollars  nor 
more  than  five  hundred  ($500.00)  'dollars, 
or  by  imprisonment  in  the  Ci:v  jail  for 
not  more  than  six  (6)  months,  or  by  both 
such  fine  and  imprisonment.  Every  such 
person,  firm  or  corporation  shall  be  deem- 
ed guilty  of  a  separate  offense  for  each 
and  every  day  'during  whicn  any  of  the 
provisions  Of  tliis  ordinance  are  violated 
and  shall  be  punisha'ble  therefor  as  here- 
in   provided. 

Sec.  9.  That  Ordinance  No.  32,558 
(New  .Series),  entitled,  "An  Ordinance 
regulating  the  /business   of   Plumbing  and 


When  inferior  plumbing  equipment  is 
installed  it  is  a  source  of  continuous 
annoyance  and  expense. 

The  difference  in  cost  between  good  plumbing  fixtures 
and  inferior  ones  is  very  small  compared  to  the  better 
service  of  the  good  ones. 

Your  clients  will  appreciate  your  good  judgment  in  ad- 
vising the  installation  of 


u 


(pacific 


»f 


Plumbing   Fixtures 

For  Sale   by   All   Jobbers 


Main   Office  and   Showroom:  C.  B.  NOYES                           Factories: 

67  New  Montgomery  St.,  201  Union  Oil  Bldg.  Richmond  and  San  Pablo, 

San  Francisco,  Cal.  Southern   Manager                       California 

F3225  Los  Angeles  Main  1867 


28 


registration  of  Master  Plumbers  and  pro- 
viding- for  the  payment  of  certain  fees". 
approved  June  19,  1915,  ibe  and  tlie  same 
is   hereby  repealed. 

Sec.    10.  That    in    order    to    properly 

protect  and  safeguard  t'ae  health  of  the 
inhabitants  of  the  City  of  Los  Angeles 
and  to  properly  enforce  and  carry  out  the 
provisions  of  the  Ordinances  of  said  city, 
regulating  the  construction  and  installa- 
tion of  plumbing  and  house  drainage  and 
the  installation  of  gas  piping  and  fittings, 
this  ordinance  is  urgently  required  for 
the  immediate  preservation  of  the  public 
peace,  health  and  safety;  and  tne  City 
Clerk  shall  certify  to  the  passage  of  this 
ordinance  by  a  unanimous  vote  and  cause 
the  same  to  toe  published  once  in  The  Los 
Angeles  Daily  Journal. 

I  hereby  certify  that  the  foregoing  ordi- 
nance was  passed  toy  the  iCouncil  of  t'ne 
City  of  l^os  Angeles  by  the  unanimous 
vote  of  all  the  members  of  said  Council 
present,  there  toeing  not  less  than  seven 
members  present,  at  its  meeting  of 
July   22,    1915. 

CHAS     L.   WILDE, 

City  Clerk. 

Approved   thi.«   22nd  day   of  Julv,   1915. 
C.   E.    SEBASTIAN, 
~ — 24    It  Mayor. 


Moving  Picture  Theaters 

Ordinance   No.  17,063 

(New    Series) 
As    Amended    by    Ordinances      NOs.    21,178, 

22,782,     23,730,       26,290,       26,725,       26,97b, 

27,412,         2a,C06,       28,049,         33,830,         and 

36,364,    (New    Series),    as      Amended      to 

May  24,   1917. 

An  Ordinance  regulating  moving  pic- 
ture exhibitions  and  entertainments  at 
which   moving  pictures   are   exhibited. 

The  Mayor  and  Council  of  the  Jity  of 
Los   Ange'es   do   ordain  ,is   follows: 

Section  1.  It  shall  be  unlawful  for  any 
person,  firm  or  corporation  to  hold,  con- 
duet,  or  carry  on,  or  to  cause  or  permit 
to  be  held,  conducted,  or  carried  on,  any 
moving  picture  exhibition,  or  any  enter- 
tainment at  which  moving  pictures  are 
exhibited,  without  a  permit  therefor  in 
writing,  granted  by  the  Board  of  Public 
Works,  as  hereinafter  provided.  Any 
person,  firm  or  corporation  desiring  to 
ototain  a  permit  to  hold,  conduct,  or  carry 
on  a  moving  picture  exhibition,  or  any  en- 
tertainment at  which  moving  picture's  are 
exhibited,  shall  file  an  application  in  writ- 
ing therefor,  with  the  Board  of  Public 
Works,  specifyinar  the  place  where  such 
exhibition  or  entertainment  is  proposed 
to  be  held,  conducted  or  carried  on, 
when  said  application  sliall  be  signed  bv 
the  applicant. 

Sec.  2.  That  no  permit  to  liold,  con- 
duct or  carry  on  a  moving  picture  ex- 
hibition, or  any  entertainment  at  wh>ch 
moving  pictures  are  exhibited,  shall  be 
granted  by  the  Board  of  Public  Works, 
except  in  a  theater  approved  by  the  said 
Board  of  Public  Works,  as  provided  by 
the  ordinances  of  the  City  of  Los  An- 
geles, unless  the  building  or  room  in 
which  such  exhibition  or  entertainment 
is  to  fc^  held,  conducted  or  carried  on, 
shall  conform  to  the  requirements  of  this 
ordinance.  That  the  City  Clerk  shall 
not  issue  any  license  to  hold,  conduct,  or 
carry  on  a  moving  picture  exhibition,  or 
any    entertainment   at    which    moving   pic- 


tures are  exhibited,  until  the  Board  of 
Public  Works  sliall  have  grante-d  a  per- 
mit therefor,  as  provided  in  this  ordi- 
nance. Before  any  such  permit  shall  be 
granted  by  the  Board  of  Public  Works, 
the  Chief  Inspector  of  Buildings  and  the 
City  Electrician  shall  certify  to  the  sai'd 
Board  that  they  have  inspected  the  place 
where  such  exhibition  or  entertainment 
is  proposed  to  be  held,  conducted  or  car- 
ried on,  and  the  rooms,  enclosures  and 
equipment  tliereof,  and  that  the  same 
coinform  to  the  provisions  of  this  ordi- 
nance. 

Sec.  .3.  That  any  room  in  which  a 
moving  picture  exhibition  or  entertain- 
ment at  which  moving  pictures  are  ex- 
hibited, is  held,  conducted  or  carried  on, 
except  a  room  located  in  a  touilding  of 
"Class  A"  construction,  as  sucli  construc- 
tion is  or  may  be  hereafter  defined  by  the 
ordinances  of  the  City  of  Los  Angeles, 
shall  be  on  the  first  or  ground  floor,  or 
sidewalk  level,  and  shall  front  on  a  public 
street,  and  the  back,  or  rear  of  such  room 
or  one  side  thereof,  shall  abut  upon  a 
public  street  or  ally,  provided,  however, 
that  if  such  room  be  located  in  a  building 
of  sai'd  Class  "A"  construction,  not  ex- 
ceeding te.n  stories  in  height,  as  such 
construction  is,  or  may  be  hereafter  de- 
fined by  the  ordinances  of  the  City  of  Los 
Angeles,  such  room  may  be  on  any  floor 
of  such  building,  and  if  the  same  is  lo- 
cated on  any  floor  other  than  the  first 
floor,  the  same  shall  be  constructed  sub- 
ject to  the  following-  restrictions  mi  a'd'di- 
tion  to  the  other  provisions  of  this  ordi- 
nance. 

The  floor  area  of  such  room  shall  not 
exceed  seven  thousand  (7-0-00)  square  feet, 
and  the  seating  capacity  thereof  shall  not 
exceed  eight  hundred  (800)  persons;  it 
shall  be  provided  with  at  least  five  (5) 
exits,  not  more  than  two  (2)  to  be  on  any 
one  side  thereof.  Each  such  exit  shall 
not  be  less  than  five  (5)  feet  wide  and 
shall  open  directly  into  an  open  hallway 
or  corridor  sunounding  such  room  or  at 
least  three  (3)  sides  thereof.  Such  hall- 
way or  corridor  shall  not  be  less  than 
nine  (9)  feet  wivle  at  every  point  and 
shall  have  an  area  of  at  least  one  iialf 
(%)  the  area  of  such  room.  The  hallway 
or  corridor  shall  open  directly  to  not  less 
than  two  (2)  interior  fire  escapes  leading 
to  a  public  street,  by  unobstructed  pas- 
sageways, at  the  first  fioor  of  the  build- 
ing. 

Except  as  otherwise  .provided  in  this 
section,  any  moving  picture  exhibition, 
or  any  entertainment  at  which  moving 
pictures  are  exhibited,  shall  be  held,  con- 
ducted or  carried  on,  in  any  room  of  the 
character  specified  in  this  section,  in 
strict  coniplian''e  with  the  provisions  of 
all   other   sections   hereof. 

It  shall  be  unlawful  for  any  person, 
firm  Or  corporation  to  hold,  conduct  or 
carry  on  a  moving  picture  exhibition,  or 
any  entertainment  at  which  moving 
pictures  are  exhibited,  in  any  room  lo- 
cated above  the  first  or  ground  floor  of 
any  building  of  the  cliaracter  specifled  in 
this  section,  between  the  hours  of  six 
o'clock  p.  m.  of  any  day  and  nine  o'clock 
a.   m.   of  the   following  day. 

Sec.  4.  The  exterior  walls  of  every 
Vjuilding  in  which  a  moving  picture  ex- 
'hibition  or  entertainment  is  conducted, 
shall  be  constructed  Of  masonry  and  the 
interior  walls  thereof  shall  be  constructed 
of  masonry,  or  of  wood  studs  lathed  witli 
metal   lath,    plastered    with   fireproof   plas- 


29 


ter.  Tlie  ceiling  of  any  room  in  which  a 
moving  picture  exhibition  or  entertain- 
ment is  conducte'd,  if  the  same  is  in  a 
building  two  or  more  stories  in  lieight, 
shall  be  constructed  of  incombustible  ma- 
terial, or  of  wood  joists  sealed  with  metal 
lath  and  plastered  with  fireproof  piaster 
or  wood  joists  ceiled  with  quarter  inch 
asbestos,  covered  with  No.  20  sheet  iron. 
Sec.  5.  (.a)  Every  room  in  which  a 
moving  picture  exhibition  or  entertain- 
ment IS  conducted  which  has  a  seating 
capacity  of  100  persons,  or  less,  shall  have 
at  least  one  exit  in  the  rear  thereof,  not 
less  than  five  feet  wide,  and  not  less  than 
s.x  feet  and  eight  inches  high,  opening 
directly  upon  the  street  or  alley  at  the 
rear  or  side  of  such  room  so  used  or  oc- 
cupied, or  opening  upon  vacant  land  un- 
der the  charge  or  control  of  the  manager 
or  person  in  charge  of  such  moving  pic- 
ture exhibition  or  entertainment  and  ad- 
Joining  the  rear  or  side  of  the  building  or 
portion  thereof,  where  such  exit  is  located 
and  being  not  less  than  ten  feet  in  width 
and  leading  and  opening  without  obstruc- 
tion,  to  and  upon  a  street  or  alley. 

(b)  Every  room  in  which  a  moving 
picture  exhibition  or  entertainment  is 
conducted  ana  whicli  has  a  iseating  ca- 
pacity of  more  than  100  and  not  more 
than  250  persons,  shall  have  one  exit  in 
the  rear  thereof,  not  less  than  six  leet 
wide,  or  two  exhits,  each  of  which  shall  be 
not  less  than  three  feet  wide.  Ail  exits 
shall  be  not  less  than  six  feet  eight  inches 
in  height,  and  shall  open  directly  inro  tiie 
street  or  alley  at  the  rear  or  side  of  such 
room  so  used  or  occupied  or  opening  up- 
on vacant  land  under  the  charge  or  con- 
trol of  the  manager  or  person  in  charge 
of  such  moving  picture  exhibition  or  en- 
tertainment and  adjoining  the  rear  or  side 
of  the  building  or  porllon  thereof  Where 
each  such  exit  is  located,  and  oeing  not 
less  than  ten  feet  in  width  and  leading 
and  opening,  without  obstruction,  to  and 
upon  a  street  or  alley. 

(c)  Every  room  in  which  a  movin? 
picture  exhibition  or  entertainment  is 
•conducted  which  has  a  seating  capacitv 
of  more  than  250  and  not  more  than  500 
persons,  shall  have  two  exits  in  the  rear 
thereof,  each  of  which  shall  not  be  less 
than  five  feet  wide  and  seven  feet  high, 
and  shall  open  directly  into  the  street  or 
alley  at  the  rear  or  side  of  such  room  so 
used  or  occupied,  or  opening  upon  vacant 
land  under  the  charge  or  control  of  tl.e 
manager  or  person  in  charge  of  suCh 
moving  picture  exhibition  or  entertain- 
ment and  adjoining  the  rear  or  side  of 
the  build'ng  or  portion  thereof  where 
each  such  exit  is  located  and  being  not 
less  than  ten  feet  m  width  and  leading 
and  opening,  without  obstruction,  to  and 
upon  a  street  or  alley. 

(d)  Every  room  in  which  a  moving 
picture  exhibition  or  entertainment  is 
conducted,  wh:ch  has  a  seating  capacity 
of  more  than  500  persons,  and  not  more 
than  900  persons,  shall  have  two  exits  in 
the  rear  thereof,  each  of  which  shall  not 
he  less  than  six  feet  wide  and  seven  f'^et 
high  and  shall  open  directly  into  the 
street  or  alley  at  the  rear  or  side  of  such 
room  so  used  or  occupied,  or  opening  upon 
vacant  land  under  the  charge  or  control 
of  the  manager  or  person  in  charge  of 
such  moving  picture  exhibition  or  enter- 
tainment and  adjoining  tlie  rear  or  side 
of   the   building   or   portion    thereof   w^ere 


each  such  exit  is  loj^ated,  and  being  not 
less  than  ten  feet  in  width  and  leading 
and  opening,  without  obstruction,  to  and 
upon  a   street   or  alley. 

Provided,  however,  that  in  lieu  of  the 
requirements  that  exUs  open  directly  into 
a  public  street  or  alley,  said  exits  may 
open  into  a  passageway  or  passageways, 
said  passageway  or  passageways  to  be 
Constructed  along  one  side  of  such  room, 
if  the  seating  capacity  be  not  more  than 
500,  or  on  both  sides  of  such  room  if  the 
seating  capacity  be  more  than  500,  or  may 
be  constructed  in  the  rear  of  such  room. 
All  such  passageways  shall  have  a  width 
of  not  less  than  four  feet,  and  shall  open 
directly  into  a  public  street  or  alley,  and 
shall  be  used  for  no  other  purpose,  ex- 
cepting as  exits  from  such  room.  All  such 
passageways  must  be  constructed  of 
brick  walls  on  both  sides,  or  wood  studs 
covered  with  metal  lath  and  plaster  on 
both  sides.  The  ceilings  to  such  pas- 
sageways shall  also  be  of  metal  lath  and 
plaster,  and  the  floors  to  the  same  shall 
be  double,  with  a  sheet  of  asbestos  paper 
between  layers;  and,  should  any  base- 
ment exist  ujider  such  passageways  the 
ceiling  of  such  basement  shall  be  covered 
with  metal  lath  and  plaster. 

Provided,  further,  that  if  the  seating 
capacity  of  such  room  be  less  than  20*) 
persons,  such  passageways  shall  not  be 
required  to  be  constructed  and  maintained 
along  the  side  or  sides  of  such  room,  in 
the  event  that  a  passageway  be  con- 
structed and  maintained  which  shall  open 
into  a  public  court  or  upon  vacant  land 
situated  in  the  rear  of  such  room  and 
such  land  is  under  the  charge  or  control 
of  the  manager  or  person  in  charge  ot 
such  moving  picture  exhibition  o-  enter- 
tainment. The  outlet  from  such  vacant 
land  to  a  public  street  or  alley  may  con- 
sist of  a  passageway  through  another 
building  or  buildings.  Any  such  passage- 
way shall  be  not  less  than  ten  feet  in 
height  and  ten  feet  in  width,  and  shall 
be  located  on  a  level  with  the  street  or 
alley  into  which  it  opens.  Every  such 
passagewav  shall  be  constructed  and 
maintained  of  fire  proof  material  in  ac- 
cordance with  the  provisions  of  this  ordi- 
nance and  to  the  satisfaction  of  the  Board 
of   Public  Works. 

(e)  Every  room  in  which  a  moving 
picture  exhibition  or  entertainment  is 
condujcted  which  has  a  seating  capacity 
of  more  than  900  persons,  shall  conform 
to  the  ordinances  of  the  City  of  Los  An- 
geles governing  theaters,  in  so  far  as  said 
ordinances  provide  for  the  construction  of 
theaters,  location  of  exits,  and  the  con- 
struction and  location  of  balconies  and 
galleries,  location  and  widtii  of  aisles,  and 
the  exits  therefrom.  The  exits  from  any 
room  in  which  a  moving  picture  exni- 
bition  or  entertainment  is  conducted  shall 
be  separate  from  the  entrances  at  the 
front  of  the  building  or  room  so  used  or 
occupied. 

(f)  Evey  exit  door  shall  be  so  hung 
that  it  will  swing  to  the  exterior  of  the 
room  and  shall  not  be  locked  or  fastened 
during  the  progress  of  any  exhibition  or 
entertainment  in  any  manner,  except  by 
a  small  catch  or  sprine  upon  the  inside, 
which  will  readily  yield  to  the  pressure 
of   one  --erson  from   within. 

(g)  The  inclined  floors  in  any  room  of 
any  building  or  other  structure  hereafter 
constructed     or     erected,     which     room     is 


30 


used  or  intended  for  use  for  a  moving 
picture  exhibition  or  entertainment,  shall 
not  have  a  steeper  gradient  than  one  and 
one-half  (IVo)  feet  in  ten  (10)  feet;  pro- 
vided, however,  that  in  the  event  any 
-such  floor  is  constructed  of  concrete, 
rough  faced,  the  gradient  of  any  such 
inclined  floor  shall  not  exceed  tw^o  (2) 
feet  in  ten  (10)  feet. 

Sec.  7.  It  shall  be  unlawful  for  any 
person  to  place  or  maintain  any  chair, 
sofa,  settee,  stool,  seat,  or  any  other 
obstruction  wliatever  in  any  aisle  in,  or 
in  any  passageway,  exit  or  doorway,  lead- 
ing to  or  from,  any  room  in  which  any 
moving  picture  exhibition  or  entertain- 
ment is  held,  conducted  or  carried  on,  or 
within  five  (5)  feet  of  a  line  drawn  per- 
pendicularly from  the  moving  picture 
machine  to  the  front  of  such  room,  during 
the  time  when  such  exhibition  or  entv^r- 
tainment  is  being  so  held,  conducted  or 
carried  on,  or  to  admit  to,  or  to  cause  or 
permit  any  person  to  be  or  remain  upon 
the  floor  of  any  such  room,  in  excess  of 
the  number  of  seats  provided  for  the  floor 
thereof,  except  the  necessary  ushers  and 
other  attendants  whose  services  are  re- 
Tjuired  in  and  about  the  conducting  of 
such  exhibitioin  or  entertainment,  and  it 
shall  be  unlawful  for  any  person  to  stand 
or  remain  in  any  sucli  aisle,  passageway, 
exit  or  doorway' during  the  time  when 
such  exhibition  or  entertainment  is  be- 
ing held,  conducted  or  carried  on. 

Sec.  8.  In  every  room  or  enclosure  in 
which  any  moving  picture  exhibition,  or 
any  entertainment  at  which  moving  pic- 
tures are  exhibited,  is  lield  or  conducted, 
which  is  not  more  than  20  feet  in  width 
and  not  more  than  100  feet  in  depth,  there 
shall  be  one  aisle  tlirough  the  center 
tliereof,  not  less  than  five  feet  in  width, 
or  one  aisle  on  each  side  thereof,  each 
not  less  than  three  feet  in  width. 

In  every  room  or  enclosure  in  whicli 
any  moving  picture  exhibition  or  any  en- 
tertainment at  which  moving  pictures  are 
exhibited,  is  held  or  conducted,  which  is 
more  than  20  feet  in  width,  and  not  more 
than  30  feet  in  width,  and  not  more  than 
100  feet  in  depth,  there  shall  be  two  aisles 
from  front  to  rear,  each  not  less  than 
four  feet  in  width. 

In  every  room  or  enclosure  in  which 
any  moving  picture  exhibition  or  any  en- 
tertainment at  which  moving  pictures  are 
exhibited,  is  held  or  conducted,  the  width 
of  which  shall  be  more  than  thirty.  (30) 
feet,  the  total  width  of  aisle  space  shall 
not  be  less  than  eight  (8)  feet,  and  for 
each  additional  foot  or  fractional  part 
thereof  of  increase  In  the  width  of  such 
room  over  said  thirty  (30)  feet,  such  total 
aisle  space  shall  be  increased  not  less 
than  two  (2)  inches,  the  minimum  width 
Of  any  aisle  having  seats  on  both  sides 
thereof  shall  be  not  less  than  four  (4) 
feet  and  the  minimum  width  of  any  aisle 
liaving  seats  on  one  side  thereof  only  shall 
be  not  less  than  three   (3)   feet. 

All  such  aisles  shall  be  maintained  in 
such  a  manner  th  i):  not  more  than  six 
(6)  seats  shall  intervt^ne  between  any  seat 
and  an  aisle,  provided,  liowever,  that 
where  the  depth  of  the  seating  space  of 
such  room  is  more  than  one  hundred 
(100)  feet  a  cross  aisle  shall  be  provided 
and  maintained  at  or  near  the  middle 
thereof  not  less  than  six  (6)  feet  in  width; 
which  cross  aisle  sliall  extend  across  such 
room  as  nearly  as  may  be  at  right  angles 
so  as  to  connect  all  aisles  running  from 
front  to  rear 


All  seats  shall  be  firmly  secured  to  the 
floor  and  shall  be  not  less  tlian  thirty- 
two  (32)  inches  from  back  to  back  meas- 
ured in  a  horizontal  direction. 

Sec.  9.  It  shall  be  unlawful  for  any 
person,  firm  or  corporation  to  use  or 
operate,  or  to  cause  or  permit  to  be  used 
or  operated,  any  moving  picture  machine, 
unless  the  same  and  the  enclosure  or 
room  in  which  the  same  is  operated  con- 
form   to   the    following    re<iuirements: 

(a)  Every  moving  picture  macliine 
must  be  placed  in  an  enclosure  or  room 
rendered  proof  against  fire  by  having  the 
ceiling  and  wall  protected  with  quarter 
inch  asbestos  covered  with  sheet  iron 
of  not  less  than  Number  26  B  <Sl  S 
gauge,  and  the  floor  covered  witli  sheet 
iron  of  not  less  than  Number  20  B 
&  S  gauge,  which  covering  shall  be 
put  on  in  a  workmanlike  and  mechanical 
mPinner;  or  such  enclosure  or  room  may 
be  rendered  proof  against  fire  in  a  man- 
Jier  approved  by  the  Board  of  Public 
Works.  Provided  tliat  if  all  sides  and 
the  ceiling  or  top  of  such  enclosure  or 
room  are  at  least  one  foot  from  any 
woodwork,  such  enclosure  or  room  may 
be  constructed  of  sheet  iron  not  less 
than  Number  twenty  (20)  B  &  S  gauge, 
which  sheet  iron  shall  be  "lock"  lapped 
and  riveted,  and  supported  by  angle  iron. 

(b)  All  openings  into  sucla  enclosure 
or  room  must  be  arranged  so  as  to  be 
closed  entirely  by  doors  or  sliutters  con- 
structed Of  the  same  or  equally  good 
fire-resisting  material  as  the  walls  of 
the  enclosure  or  room  itself,  and  ar- 
ranged to  be  nornially  closed.  Every 
door  of  such  enclosure  or  room  shall  open 
outward,  shall  close  against  a  jamb  and 
shall  be  provided  with  springs  so  placed 
as  to  keep  such  door  closed.  AH  work 
on  such  enclosure  or  room  shall  be  done 
in  a  workmanlike  and  mechanical  man- 
ner. 

(c)  No  trap  door  for  entering  any  such 
enclosure  or  room  will  be  permitted,  un- 
less such  enclosure  or  room  is  provided 
with  an  additional  door.  Every  such  en- 
closure or  room  must  be  kept  clean  and 
free  from  all  inflammable  materials  of 
any  kind  whatsoever. 

(d)  The  door  or  coverings  for  all  other 
openings  shall  be  held  open  by  small  cords 
suspended  directly  over  the  arc  lamp,  and 
shall  be  so  arranged  that  when  severed 
they  will  readily  close  all  openings. 

(e)  All  openings  for  the  operator's 
view  and  for  the  projections  of  the  pic- 
lure  shall  be  as  small  as  possible,  and 
shall  not  be  larger  than  twelve  inches  by 
twelve  inches. 

(f)  Whenever  required  by  the  Board 
Of  Public  Works,  each  such  enclosure  or 
room  shall  be  ventilated  by  an  opening 
or  flue  made  of  galvanized  iron  not  less 
than  number  twenty  (20)  B  &  S  gauge, 
substantially  constructed  and  not  less 
than  twelve  (12)  inches  in  diameter. 
Such  flue  shall  extend  to  the  outside 
of  the  building  or  into  the  chimney  with 
a  flue  area  of  not  less  than  sixty  (60) 
square  inches.  Such  enclosure  or  room 
.shall  be  as  near  as  possibe  to  the  out- 
side of  the  building  and  unless  the  vent 
for  the  same  is  installed  in  a  vertical 
position,  such  vent  shall  not  exceed  fif- 
teen (15)  feet  in  length,  unless  such  vent 
is  provided  with  an  approved  forced 
draught. 

(g)  Only  slow  burning  wire  shall  be 
used  inside  of  such  enclosure  or  room  ex- 
cept cord  for  room  light. 


31 


(li)  All  i>ortable  cord  for  connecting 
the  arc  lamp  shall  be  of  the  same  type 
as  is  recjuired  by  ordinance  for  electric 
heaters,  and  such  cord  shall  be  as  short 
as  possible. 

(i)  The  circuit  supplying  the  current 
for  the  arc  lamp  shall  be  not  less  than 
No.  6  B  &  S  gauge  up  to  operating 
switch.  Such  switch  shall  be  not  less 
than  .35  amperes  capacity,  with  fuses  to 
protect  such  switch,  and  the  same  shall 
not  be  installed  on  top  of  the  support  for 
tlie  arc  lamp. 

(j)  If  such  switch  is  on  the  under  side 
of  such  support,  the  same  must  have  an 
approved  cover  with  the  handle  project- 
ing through  the  cover.  Sucla  switch 
shall  disconnect  the  rheostat  with  the  arc 
lamp. 

(k)  The  rheostat  shall  be  raised  to  a 
lieight  of  at  least  three  inches  above  the 
floor  and  shall  be  properly  enclosed,  and 
shall  be  surrounde'd  with  a  substantial 
attached  metal  guard  having  a  mesh  not 
larger  than  one  sciuare  inch,  which  guard 
shall  be  kept  at  least  one  inch  from  the 
outside    frame    of    the    rheostat.  The 

rheostat  shall  be  installed  in  such  enclos- 
ure or  room  herein  mentioned,  excepting 
where  permission  is  granted  in  writing, 
by  the  City  Electrician  to  install  the  same 
elsewhere. 

(1)  All  films  not  being  used  shall  be 
kept  in  metal  box  with  tight  fitting 
cover  and  only  those  being  used  shall  be 
kept  in  operating  room. 

(m)  Extra  sets  of  fuses  of  the  type  ap- 
proved by  ordinance  sliall  be  kept  on  hand 
and  open  link  fuses  will  not  be  allowed. 

(n)  The  wiring  of  the  auditorium  shall 
be  so  arranged  that  a  number  of  lights  to 
.light  the  auditorium  sufficiently  can  be 
operated  by  a  switch  near  the  entrance 
'door,  independent  of  the  switches  in  the 
enclosure  or  room  in  which  the  picture 
machine  is  located. 

(0)  No  cut-outs  other  than  for  the  arc 
lamp  shall  be  installed  or  maintained  in 
the  enclosure  or  room  in  which  the  pic- 
ture machine  is  located  and  no  wiring 
shall  be  installed  or  maintained  in  such 
enclosure  or  room  except  such  as  is  nec- 
essary for  the  control  of  the  lights  in  the 
auditorium. 

(p)  Every  moving  picture  machine 
must  be  equipped  witli  upper  and  lower 
magazines   and   automatic   shutters. 

Sec.  10.  It  shall  be  unlawful  for  any 
person  to  operate  any  moving  picture 
machine,  unless  the  person  so  operating 
the  same  shall  have  first  passed  an  ex- 
amination and  received  a  license  there- 
for,  as  in  this   oi-dinance   provided. 

See.  11.  It  sliali  be  unlawful  for  any 
person,  firm  or  corporation  either  as  own- 
er, manager,  agent  or  otherwise,  to  pro- 
cure, employ  or  permit,  or  to  cause  to  be 
procured,  employed  or  permitted,  any 
person  not  duly  licensed  as  lierein  pro- 
vided, to  operate  any  moving  picture  ma- 
chine Of  which  such  owner,  firm  or  cor- 
poration has  charge  or  control. 

Sec.  12.  Before  any  person  shall  en- 
gage in  operating  any  moving  picture 
machine  in  the  City  of  liOs  Angeles  he 
shall  register  his  name  and  place  of  resi- 
dence in  a  book  to  be  kept  by  the  Board 
of  Public  Works  in  the  office  of  the  City 
Electrician,  and  shall  m^ke  an  application 
in  writine:  to  tlie  said  Board  for  a  license 
to  operate  moving  picture  machines,  and 
shall  submit  to  an  examination  before  the 
City  Electrician  as  to  his  age,  liis  knowl- 
edge  of   the    mechanical   construction   and 


principal  parts  of  moving  picture  ma- 
chines, and  as  to  his  particular  experi- 
ence in  operating  tlie  same,  and  as  to  his 
ability  and  competency  properly  to  op- 
erate sucli  moving  picture  machines.  Such 
examination  shall  be  held  within  five 
days  after  such  application  is  filed. 

If  the  said  City  Electrician,  after  due 
and  thorough  examination,  shall  find  tliat 
such  applicant  is  possessed  of  sufficient 
knowledge,  skill  and  ability  properly  to 
operate  moving  picture  machines  with 
safety,  the  said  City  Electrician  shall 
thereupon  issue  to  such  applicant  a  li- 
cense certificate  stating  that  upon  exam- 
ination it  has  been  found  that  the  licensee 
therein  named  is  possessed  of  sufficient 
knowledge,  skill  and  ability  properly  to 
operate  moving  picture  machines  with 
safety,  and  duly  licensing  such  applicant 
to  operate  movinjj  picture  machines  in 
the  City  of  Los  Angeles;  provided,  how- 
ever, that  no  such  license  shall  be  issued 
to  any  person  under  tlie  age  of  18  years  or 
to  any  person  not  of  temperate  habits. 

Every  person  licensed  to  operate  mov- 
ing picture  machines  shall  keep  his  li- 
cense conspicuously  posted  on  or  near  the 
door  of  the  enclosure  or  room  in  which 
is  located  the  moving  picture  machine 
operated   by   such    person. 

Every  person  making  an  application  to 
the  said  Board  of  Public  Works  for  a  li- 
cense to  operate  moving  picture  machines 
shall,  at  the  time  of  making  such  appli- 
cation, pay  to  the  said  Board  of  Public 
Works  a  fee  of  $5.00  for  the  use  and 
benefit  of  the  City  of  Los  Angeles. 

Sec.  13.  It  shall  be  unlawful  for  any 
person  to  place  or  permit  to  remain  in 
any  enclosure  or  room  in  which  any  mov- 
ing picture  machine  is  operated  any  open 
fire,  or  any  lighted  cigar  or  cigarette  or 
pipe. 

Sec.  14.  The  provisions  of  Sections  3, 
4,  5  (witli  the  exception  of  the  provisions 
of  subsection  "f"  of  sai-d  Section  5),  and 
'J.  shall  not  apply  to  any  building  or  room 
in  which  a  moving  picture  exhibition  or 
entertainment  is  being  conducted  at  the 
time  of  the  passage  of  this  ordinance, 
Provided,  that  no  exit  now  In  use  or  ca- 
pable Of  being  usev!  in  any  such  building 
or  room  shall  be  closed  or  obstructed  so 
as  to  prevent  the  use  of  such  exit  by  any 
person  visiting  such  moving  picture  ex- 
hibition or  entertainment,  and  provided 
that  the  provisions  of  Sections  2,  3,  4,  5 
(with  the  exception  of  the  provisions  of 
subsection  "f"  of  said  Section  5),  and 
Section  S,  shall  not  apply  to  any  room  in 
which  a  moving  picture  exhibition  or  en- 
tertainment is  conducted,  located  on  the 
first  floor  of  any  building  used  exclusively 
for  religious  worship  where  no  entrance 
or  admission  fee  is  charged. 

Sec.  14a.  That  the  provisions  of  this 
ordinance  shall  not  be  deemed  to  apply 
to  the  use,  operation,  or  possession  of  any 
moving  picture  macliine  usiiig  an  acetate 
cellulose  film  of  not  more  than  seven- 
eighths  of  an  inch  in  width. 

Sec.  14b.  That  the  provisions  of  this 
ordinance  shall  not  apply  to  any  moving 
picture  exhibition  or  aiiy  entertainment 
at  which  moving  pictures  are  exhibited 
under  authority  or  direction  of  the  Board 
of  Education  of  the  City  of  Los  Angeles 
in  any  room  or  auditorium  in  any  school 
Ijuilding  in  said  city;  or  to  any  moving 
picture  exhibition  or  entertainment  at 
which  moving  pictures  are  exhibited  un- 
der the  authority  or  directio.n  of  the 
board   of    trustees   or   governing   board   of 


32 


any    college,    university    or    other    similar  Jail  for  a  period  of  not  less  tlian  25  days, 

educational    institution,    in    any    room    or  nor    more    than    six    months,    or    by    both 

auditorium  in  any  such  educational  build-  -such    fine   and   imprisonment, 
ing  in  said   city.  Sec.    16.     That  all  ordinances  and   parts 

Sec.  14c.  That  the  provisions  of  this  of  ordinances  in  conflict  herewith  be  and 
ordinance  relating  to  exits,  aisles  or  exit  the  same  are  hereby  repealed, 
lights  shall  not  apply  to  any  moving  Sec.  17.  This  ordinance  is  urgently  re- 
picture  exhibition,  or  any  entertainment  quired  for  the  immediate  preservation  of 
at  which  moving  pictures  are  exhibited  the  public  peace,  health  and  safety;  and 
under  the  authority  or  'direction  of  the  the  City  Clerk  shall  certify  to  its  passage 
Board  of  Playground  Commissioners  of  by  a  two  thirds  vote  of  the  Council,  and 
the  City  of  Los  Angeles  in  any  room  or  cause  it  to  be  published  once  in  The  T.os 
auditorium  in  any  building  located  at  any  Angeles  Daily  Journal,  and  thereupon 
public  playground  in  said  city.  That  not  and  thereafter  it  shall  take  effect  and  be 
more    than     nine    hundred     (900)     persons  in   force. 

shall  be  admitted  to  any  moving  picture  I  hereby  certify  that  the  whole  number 
exhibition  or  any  entertainment  at  which  of  members  of  the  City  Council  of  the 
moving  pictures  are  exhibited  in  any  City  of  Los  Angeles  is  nine,  and  that  the 
room  or  auditorium  in  any  building  lo-  foregoing  ordinance  was  passed  by  a  two 
cated  at  any  public  playground,  and  the  thirds  vote  of  said  Council,  at  its  meet- 
room  or  main  floor  only  of  any  such  room  ing  of  August  24,  190S,  by  the  following 
or  auditorium  shall  be  used  for  the  seat-  vote,  to  wit: 
ing  of  spectators.  Ayes:       Messrs.       Clampitt,      Dromgold,^ 

Sec.    15.      Any    person,    firm   or   corpora-  Lyon,   Wallace,   Wren   and   Yonkln    (6>. 
tion    who    shall    violate    any    of    the    pro-  Noes:  None. 

visions  of  this  ordinance  shall   be  deemrd  H.  J.  LEL.ANDE, 

guilty   of   a   misdemeanor,    and    upon    con-  City    Clerk, 

viction   thereof,    shall   be   punishable   bv   a  Approved  tliis  29th  day  of  August,   19US. 

fine  of  not  less  than  $30.00,  nor  more  than  A.   C.   HARPEK, 

$500.00,    or    by    imprisonment    in    the    City  9 — 1  It  Mayor. 


PEDGRIFT  BROS.  &  LEIBOLD 

Contractors   for   Plain   and   Ornamental 

PLASTERING  AND  CEMENT  WORK 

Edw.    D.    Pedgrift  Rudolf    Leibold  Geo.    Pedgrift 

Residence,   392  7  S.   Olive  St.      Home  21026;  South  3533 

Members   Building    Industries    Association 

OfiBce,    5th    Floor  Stimson   Building  Los   Angeles,    Cal. 

Home    60608;    Main    6561 


Residence    Phone  £.     W.     WAYMON  H*""*    lS19b 

PAINTER  AND  DECORATOR 

Estimates    Cheerfully    Given 
Phones:  Home  60608;  Main  6561       Office:  Building  Industries  Association 


Johnson  WOcox  Hardwood  Lumber  Co. 

Recognized  Authority  and  Headquarters  for 
Hardwood  Floors  in  Southern  California 

Estimates  freely  furnished 
74679  1965  SOUTH  VERMONT  West  34 


SOUTH      e34-5     home:      299S2 

vv.    e:  .    H  O  O  V  El  R 

DUMP    "TRUCK     CONTRACTOR 

SAND     AND     GiRAVEL. 
F-IVE     TRUCKS 

96f5    EAST    stt-h    streiet      i_os    ange:i_e:s,    CAl_. 


Building   Ordinance    of 
Los   Angeles 


Ordinance   No.  28,700 
(New  Series) 

An  Ordinance  regulating  the  construc- 
tion, alteration,  repair,  demolition  and  re- 
moval of  buildings  and  other  structures 
and  regulating  the  construction  and  in- 
stallation of  plumbing  and  house  drainage 
and  the  installation  of  gas  piping  and  fit- 
tings in  the  City  of  Los  Angeles  and  pro- 
viding for  the  issuing  of  permits  therefor. 

The   Mayor  and   Council   of   the   City   of 
Los  Angeles  do  ordain  as  follows: 
UNLAWFUL   TO   VIOLATE 

Section  1.  It  shall  be  unlawful  for  any 
person,  firm  oi-  corporation  to  erect,  con- 
struct, alter,  repair,  raise,  build  upon, 
move,  demolish,  maintain  or  use,  or  to 
cause,  permit,  or  suffer  to  be  erected, 
constructed,  altered,  repaired,  raised, 
built  upon,  moved,  demolished,  maintain- 
ed or  used  within  the  City  of  Los  Angeles 
any  building  or  structure,  or  any  portion 
thereof,  contrary  to  any  of  the  provisions 
of  this  ordinance,  or  to  do,  or  cause  to  be 
done,  or  to  construct  or  cause  to  be 
constructed,  or  to  use  or  cause  to  be  used, 
any  sewer,  cesspool,  plumbing  or  house 
drainage  affecting  the  sanitary  condition 
of  any  house  or  building,  or  any  portion 
thereof,  in  the  City  of  Los  Angeles,  con- 
trary to  any  of  the  provisions  of  this  or- 
dinance, or  to  do  or  cause  to  be  done, 
or  to  construct  or  cause  to  be  constructed, 
or  to  use  or  cause  to  be  used,  (except  for 
service  pipes,  meter  and  meter  connec- 
tions) any  gas  pipe  or  gas  fitting,  or  to 
make  any  alterations,  changes  or  addition 
to  any  gas  pipe  or  gas  fitting  in  anv  build- 
mg  or  structure,  or  any  portion  "thereof, 
in  the  City  of  Los  Angeles,  contrary  to 
any  of  the  provisions  of  this  ordinance. 

PERMITS  REQUIRED 
Sec.  2.  It  shall  be  unlawful  for  anv 
person,  firm  or  corporation  to  commence 
or  proceed  with  the  erection,  construction, 
alteration,  repair,  moving  or  demolition, 
exceeding  $20.00  in  cost  (restoration  of 
plastering  or  painting  excepted)  of  any 
building  oi-  other  structure  located  within 
Fire  District  No.  1  or  No.  2,  as  defined  by 
ordinance  of  the  City  of  Los  Angeles 
(other  than  buildings  or  other  structures 
erected  by  the  United  States  of  America 
or  the  State  of  California)  unless  a  per- 
mit so  to  do  has  been  first  obtained  as 
hereinafter  provided. 

It  shall  be  unlawful  for  any  person 
firm  or  corporation  to  commence  or  pro- 
ceed with  the  erection,  construction,  al- 
teration, repair,  moving  or  demolition,  ex- 
ceeding $75.00  in  cost  (restoration  of  plas- 
tering or  painting  excepted)  of  any  build- 
mg  or  other  structure  within  the  Citv  of 
Los  Angeles  located  outside  of  Fire  Dis- 
trict No.  1  or  No.  2  as  defined  by  Ordi- 
nance of  the  City  of  Los  Angeles  (other 
than  buildings  or  other  structures  erected 
by  the  United  States  of  America  or  the 
State  of  California)  unless  a  permit  so  to 


do  shall  have  been  first  obtained  as  here- 
in   provided. 

Any  person  desiring  such  permit  shall 
file  with  the  Board  of  Public  Works,  on  a 
blank  to  be  furnished  by  said  Board,  an 
application  therefor,  which  application  for 
such  permit  shall  be  made  by  the  owner 
or  his  agent.  Such  application  shall  set 
forth  the  land  upon  which  the  proposed 
work  is  to  be  done,  describing  the  same 
by  lot  and  block,  or  other  description  by 
which  the  same  may  be  readily  located  or 
identified;  the  geneial  dimensions  of  the 
building  to  be  erected,  constructed,  al- 
tered, repaired,  raised,  built  upon,  moved 
or  demolished;  the  number  and  height  of 
the  stories  thereof;  the  names  of  the 
owner,  the  architect,  the  contractor  or  the 
builder,  should  there  be  such  architect, 
contractor  or  builder;  and  the  estimate 
of  the  entire  cost  of  the  proposed  work; 
and  shall  set  forth  the  purpose  for  which 
such  building,  alteration  or  repair  is  de- 
signed. 

\\  hen  such  application  is  made,  and 
plans  and  specifications  in  conformity 
with  the  provisions  of  this  ordinance  are 
filed  with  the  Board  of  Public  Works,  the 
said  Board  of  Public  Works  shall,  pro- 
viding that  it  appears  that  the  provisions 
of  the  Ordinances  of  the  City  of  Los  An- 
geles and  the  laws  of  the  State  of  Cali- 
fornia are  to  be  complied  with,  then  issue 
a  permit  and  file  such  application  and 
shall  apply  to  such  plans  and  specifica- 
tions an  official  stamp  stating  that  the 
plans  and  specifications  to  which  the 
same  has  been  applied,  comply  with  the 
terms  of  this  ordinance.  The  plans  and 
specifications  so  stamped  shall  then  be 
returned  to  such  applicant.  True  copies 
of  so  much  of  said  plans  and  specifica- 
tions as  may  be  required  in  the  opinion 
of  the  Board  of  Public  Works  to  illus- 
trate the  features  of  construction  of  the 
building  referred  to  shall  be  filed  at  the 
office  of  the  Board  of  PubUc  Works. 
It  shall  not  be  obligatory  upon  the 
Poard  of  Public  Works  to  retain  such 
drawings  in  its  custody  for  more  than 
three  (3)  months  after  the  completion  or 
occupation  of  the  building  to  which  they 
relate.  The  stamping  of  any  plan  or 
specification  shall  not  be  held  to  permit, 
or  to  be  an  approval  of  the  violation  of 
any  section  of  this  ordinance.  All  such 
plans  and  drawings  shall  be  drawn  to  a 
scale  of  not  less  than  one-eighth  of  an 
inch  to  a  foot  on  paper  or  cloth,  in  ink, 
or  by  some  other  process  that  will  not 
fade  or  obliterate.  All  distances  and  di- 
mensions shall  be  accurately  figured  and 
drawing  made  explicit  and  complete. 
All  said  plans  presented  shall  be  ac- 
companied by  a  set  of  specifications  de- 
scribing all  materials  to  be  used  in  the 
proposed  building. 

It  shall  be  unlawful  for  any  person  to 
erase,  alter  or  modify  any  line,  figure  or 
coloring  contained  on  any  such  drawing  or 
specification  so  stamped  by  the  Board  of 


34 


Public  Works  or  filed  with  said  Board  for  4901  to 

reference.      It   shall   be   unlawful    for   any  5001  to 

person  to  deviate  in  any  manner  affecting  5101  to 

the  structural  features  or  the  stability  of  5201  to 

the  building-  from  the  teims  of  the  appli-  5301  to 

cation,     drawing-    or    specification,     unless  5401  to 

notice    in    writing-    of    such    intention    to  5501  to 

alter    or    deviate    shall    be    given    to    the  56OI  to 

Board  of  Public  Works  and  the  permission  5701  to 

of  said  Board  be  first  obtained.  5801  to 

Alteration    in    buildings    made    prior    to  5901  to 

the   completfon   thereof  which   do  not  in-  gOOl  to 

volve  anv  additional  cost  of  the  proposed  6101  to 

work    or    anv    changes    in    the    structural  6201  to 

features    or    of    the    stairways,    elevators,  6301  to 

flre  escapes  or  other  means  of  communi-  6401  to 

cation,   or  ingress. or  egress,  and  that  are  6501  to 

not   in  violation   of  any  of  the   provisions  6601  to 

of  this   ordinance,    may  be  made   without  6701  to 

permission  of  the  Board  of  Public  Works.  6801  to 

Nothing     in     this     ordinance   contained  6901  to 

shall  apply   to  or  affect   or  authorize   the  7001  to 

moving  of   any   building-  upon   any   public  7101  to 

street,    alley,    court    or   place.  7201  to 

7301  to 

FEES.  7401  to 

Sec.    3.     The    Board    of    Public    Works  7501  to 

shall,    before    granting-    any    permit    upon  7601  to 

an    application    filed    in    accordance    -with  7701  to 

the   provisions   of   Section   2   of  this  ordi-  7801  to 

nance,    require   the   payment   by   said   ap-  7901  to 

plicant  of  the  amount  or  amounts  as  pro-  8001  to 

vided  in  this  section,  as  follows:  8101  to 

<A)  Cost  of  Pro-  8201  to 

posed  Work.                  Fee.  8301  to 

.$   20  to  $   75  $  1.00  8401  to 

75  to    200  1.50  8501  to 

201  to    500 1.75  8601  to 

501  to    600  2.00  8701  to 

601  to    700  2.25  8801  to 

701  to    800  2.50  8901  to 

801  to    900  2.75  9001  to 

901  to   1000  3.00  9101  to 

1001  to   1100  3.20  9201  to 

1101  to   1200  3.40  9301  to 

1201  to   1300  3.60  9401  to 

1301  to   1400  3.80  9501  to 

1401  to   1500  4.00  9601  to 

1501  to   1600  4.20  9701  to 

1601  to   1700  4.40  9801  to 

1701  to   1800  4.60  9901  to 

1801  to   1900  4.80  10001  to 

1901  to   2000  5.00  10101  to 

2001  to   2100  5.10  10201  to 

2101  to   2200  5.20  10301  to 

2201  to   2300  5.30  10401  to 

2301  to   2400  5.40  10501  to 

2401  to   2500  5.50  10601  to 

2501  to   2600  5.60  10701  to 

2601  to   2700  5.70  10801  to 

2701  to   2800  5.80  10901  to 

2801  to   2900  5.90  11001  to 

2901  to   3000  6.00  11101  to 

3001  to   3100  6.20  11201  to 

3101  to   3200  6.40  11301  to 

3201  to   3300  6.60  11401  to 

3301  to   3400  6.80  11501  to 

3401  to   3500  7.00  11601  to 

3501  to   3600  7.20  11701  to 

^fiOl  to   3700  7.40  11801  to 

3701  to   3800 7.60  11901  to 

3801  to   3900  7.80  12001  to 

3901  to   4000  8.00  12101  to 

4001  to   4100  8.20  12201  to 

4101  to   4200  8.40  12301  to 

4201  to   4300  8.60  12401  to 

4301  to   4400  8.80  12501  to 

4401  to   4500  9.0(f  12601  to 

4501  to   4R00  9.20  12701  to 

4601  to   4700  9.40  12801  to 

4701  to   4800  9.60  12901  to 

4801  to   4900  9.80  13001  to 


5000  10.00 

5100  10.20 

5200  10.40 

5300  10.60 

5400  10.80 

5500  11.00 

5600  11.20 

5700  11.40 

5800  11.60 

5900  11.80 

6000  12.00 

6100  12.20 

6200  12.40 

6300  12.60 

6400  12.80 

6500  13.00 

6600  13.20 

6700  13.40 

6800  13.60 

6900  13.80 

7000  14.00 

7100  14.20 

7200  14.40 

7300  - 14.60 

7400  14.80 

7500  15.00 

7600  15.20 

7700  15.40 

7800  15.60 

7900  15.80 

8000  16.00 

8100  16.20 

8200  16.40 

8300  16.60 

8400  16.80 

8500  17.00 

8600  17.20 

8700  17.40 

8800  17.60 

8900  17.80 

9000  18.00 

9100  18.20 

9200  18.40 

9300  18.60 

9400  18.80 

9500  19.00 

9600  19.20 

9700  19.40 

9800  19.60 

9900  19.80 

10000  20.00 

10100 20.15 

10200  20.30 

10300  20.45 

10400 20.60 

10500  20.75 

10600  20.90 

10700  21.05 

10800  21.20 

10900  21.35 

11000  21.50 

11100 21.65 

11200  21.80 

11300  21.95 

11400  22.10 

11500  22.25 

11600  22.40 

11700  22.55 

11800  22.70 

11900  22.85 

12000  23.00 

12100  23.15 

12200  23.30 

12300  23.45 

12400  23.60 

12500  23.75 

12600  23.90 

12700  _ 24.05 

12800  24.20 

12900  24.35 

13000  24.50 

13100  24.65 


35 


13101  to     13200  24.80 

132U1  to     13300  24.95 

13301  to     131U0  25.10 

13401  to     13500  _....  25.25 

13501  to     13600  25.40 

13601  to     13V00  25.55 

13701  to     13800  25.70 

13801  to     13900  25.85 

13901  to     14000  26.00 

14001  to     14100  26.15 

14101   to     14200  _ 26.30 

14201  to     14300  26.45 

14301  to     14400  26.60 

14401  to     14500  26.75 

14501  to     14600  26.90 

14601   to     14700   27.05 

14701  to     148u0  27.20 

14801  to     14900  27.35 

14900  to     15000  ;. 27.50 

15001  to     15100  27.65 

15101  to     15200  27.80 

15201  to     15300  27.95 

15301  to     15400  28.10 

15401  to     15500  28.25 

15501  to     15600  28.40 

15601  to     15700  28.55 

15701  to     15800  28.70 

15801  to     15900  28.85 

15901  to     16000  29.00 

16001  to     16100 29.15 

16101  to     16200  29.30 

16201  to     1C300  29.45 

16301  to     16400  29.60 

16401  to     16500  29.75 

16501  to     16600  29.90 

16601  to     16700  30.05 

16701  to     16800  30.20 

16801  to     16900  30.35 

16901  to     17000  30.50 

17001  to     17100  30.65 

17101  to     17200  30.80 

17201  to    17300  30.95 

17301   to   17400   31.10 

17401  to     17500  31.25 

17501  to     17600  31.40 

17601  to     17700  31.55 

17701  to     17800  31.70 

17801  to     17900  31.85 

17901  to     18000  32.00 

18001  to     18100  32.15 

18101  to     18200  32.30 

18201  to     18300  32.45 

18301  to     18400  32.60 

18401  to     18500  32.75 

18501  to     18600  32.90 

18601  to     18700  33.05 

18701  to     18800  33.20 

18801  to     18900  33.35 

18901  to     19000  33.50 

19001    to   19100   33.65 

19101  to     19200  „ 33.80 

19201  to     19300  33.95 

19301  to     19400  34.10 

19401  to     19500  34.25 

19501  to     19600  34.40 

19601  to     19700  34.55 

19701  to     19800  34.70 

19801  to     19900  34.85 

19901  to     20000  35.00 

And  for  each  additional  $100  or  fraction 
thereof    of    the    cost   of    such    work    above 

$20,000,  and  not  exceeding-  $50,000,  10c; 
and  for  each  additional  $100  or  fraction 
thereof  of  the  cost  of  such  work  above 
$50,000,   5c. 

(B.)  The  Board  of  Public  Works  shall 
before  granting  any  permit  for  an  appli- 
cation filed  in  accordance  with  the  pro- 
visions of  Pection  252  or  Section  287  of 
this  Ordinance,  require  the  payment  by 
said  applicant  of  a  fee  in  the  sum  of  fifty 
(50c)     cents  for    each    such    permit.      In 


the  event  that  a  permit  is  required  under 
the  provisions  of  both  Section  252  and 
Section  287,  and  the  work  to  be  performed 
under  such  permits,  is  in  or  upon  the 
same  building,  structure  or  premises,  only 
one  permit  is  necessary  for  doing  such 
work. 

(C).  Any  person,  firm  or  corporation 
desiring  to  deviate  from  the  plans  and 
specifications,  application  or  drawings 
in  the  construction,  alteration,  repair  or 
demolition,  as  the  case  may  be,  which 
affects  the  structural  features  or  the  sta- 
bility of  the  building,  for  which  a  permit 
has  already  been  issued,  shall  make  ap- 
plication for  new  permit  and  shall  pay 
the  same  fees  as  hereinbefore  provided, 
based  on  the  entire  cost  of  the  changes, 
provided  that  the  Board  of  Public  Works 
is  hereby  authorized  to  permit  minor 
changes  and  deviations  to  be  made  with- 
out requiring  a  permit,  provided  such 
changes  are  in  conformity  with  the  ordi- 
nance. 

(D).  In  the  case  of  the  moving'  of  any 
building  or  structure  the  fees  to  be  col- 
lected are  to  be  based  on  the  total  cost 
of  the  work  proposed  to  be  done,  exclu- 
sive of  the  cost  of  the  actual  moving 
while  on  the  public  street,  alley  or  other 
public  place. 

(E).  The  above  inentioned  fees  do  not 
include  any  other  work  for  which  a  per- 
mit is  required  by  any  other  ordinance  of 
the    City    of   Los   Angeles. 

If  any  person,  firm  or  corporation  shall 
commence  the  erection,  construction,  al- 
teration, repair,  moving  or  demolition  of 
any  building,  without  a  permit  first  hav- 
ing been  obtained  from  the  Board  of 
Public  Works  as  required  by  this  ordi- 
nance, notice  in  writing  to  obtain  such 
permit  shall  be  served  upon  such  person, 
firm  or  corporation  by  the  Board  of  Pub- 
lic Works,  or  shall  be  posted  upon  such 
building,  and  if  such  person,  firm  or  cor- 
poration shall  fail,  for  a  period  of  twenty- 
four  hours  after  service  or  posting  of 
such  notice  to  obtain  such  permit,  such 
person,  firm  or  corporation  shall  be  re- 
quired, upon  subsequently  taking  out 
such  permit,  to  pay  for  the  same  double 
the  amount  of  the  fee  hereinbefore  pro- 
vided for  such  permit  provided,  however, 
that  the  failure  of  the  Board  of  Public 
Works  to  serve  such  notice  shall  not  re- 
lieve any  per.son,  firm  or  corporation 
from  any  liability  imposed  by  or  pro- 
vided in   this  ordinance. 

Sec.  4.  Account  of  Fees  to  be  Kept. 
The  Board  of  Public  Works  shall  keep  in 
proper  books  an  accurate  account  of  all 
fees  received  under  this  ordinance,  giving 
the  name  of  the  owner  upon  whose  ac- 
count the  same  were  paid,  and  the  date 
and  the  amount  thereof,  together  with 
the  house  number  of  said  premises,  which 
books  shall  be  open  for  public  inspection. 
Such  Board  shall  pay  all  fees  received  bv 
it  into  the  Oitv  Treasury  upon  the  follow- 
ing business  da\'. 

Sec.  5.  When  permit  expires.  If  the 
woi'k  authorized  by  a  permit  is  not  com- 
menced within  90  days  from  date  thereof 
or  if  the  work  authorized  by  such  permit 
shall  be  suspended  or  abandoned  by  the 
owner  of  said  building  for  a  period  of  90 
days,  then  such  permit  shall  thenceforth 
be  null  and  void,  and  before  such  work 
can  be  recommenced,  a  new  permit  shall 
be  taken  out,   and  the  same  fee  as  here- 


36 


inbefore  fixed  for  the  original  permit  shall 
be  paid  therefor. 

Sec.  6.  Definition  of  Terms.  For  the 
purpose  of  this  ordinance  the  following 
terms  shall  have  the  meanings  attached 
to  them  by  this  section,  unless  it  is  ap- 
parent fioni  the  context  that  they  are 
used  with  another  meaning: 

"Alterations"  means  any  change  or  ad- 
dition. 

"Repairs"  means  the  reconstruction  or 
renewal  of  any  existing  part  of  a  build- 
ing,    or    its     fixtures     or     appurtenances. 

"Party  wall"  means  a  wall  used  or 
erected  to  be  xised,  in  common  as  a 
structural  wall  by  two  or  more  adjoining 
buildings. 

"Partition  wall"  means  any  interior 
wall  in  a  building  other  than  a  division 
wall. 

"Division  wall"  means  any  wall,  other 
than  an  exterior  wall  or  a  party  wall 
which  extends  the  full  height  of  the 
building  and  through  the  roof. 

"Bearing  wall"  is  a  wall  carrying  a  por- 
tion of  the  interior  load  of  a  building. 

"Exterior  wall"  means  every  outer  wall 
or  vertical  enclosure  of  a  building  other 
than  a  party  wall. 

"Thickness  of  a  wall"  means  the  mini- 
mum thickness  of  a  wall,  between  the 
floors  or  between  the  floors  and  the  ceil- 
ing or  roof  of  a  building. 

"Masonry"  means  brick,  stone  or  con- 
crete. 

A  "dwelling"  means  a  building  intended 
for  the  residence  of  not  over  two  families. 

An  "Apartment  house"  or  "tenement 
house"  is  a  building  containing  separate 
apartments  for  three  or  more  families, 
and  having  a  street  entrance  common  to 
all. 

"Flats"  is  a  building  of  two  or  more 
stories  containing  independent  dwell- 
ings, each  having  its  own  street  en- 
trance. 

An  "Office  building"  shall  be  taken  to 
mean  and  include  every  building  which 
shall  be  divided  into  rooms  above  the 
first  story  and  used  or  intended  to  be 
used  for  business  purposes,  and  no  part 
of  which  shall  be  used  for  living  pur- 
poses, except  only  for  the  janitor  and  his 
family. 

A  "public  hali"  is  a  room  for  public 
assemblages,  not  including  a  theater, 
having  a  total  seating  capacity  of  100  or 
more  persons. 

A  "theater"  is  a  room,  hall,  or  audi- 
torium having  a  stage  either  with  or 
without  scenery,  used  or  designed  to  be 
used  for  the  public  entertainment  of  per- 
sons, and  adapted  to  the  presentation  of 
plays,  operas,  spectacles  or  similar 
forms   of   entertainment. 

A  "hospital,"  "sanatorium,"  "sanita- 
rium," or  "asylum"  is  a  building  in  which 
sick,  demented,  injured,  infirm,  aged  or 
orphaned  persons  are  housed  or  intended 
to  be  housed. 

A  "warehouse"  is  a  building  used  for 
the  stoiage  of  goods,  wares  or  merchan- 
dise. 

A  "factory"  is  a  building  the  whole  or 
greater  portion  of  which  is  used  for  man- 
ufacturing purposes. 

A  "store  building"  is  a  building  used 
wholly  or  in  part  for  the  purposes  of  ex- 
hibiting for  sale  .^oods,  wares  or  mer- 
chandise. 

A  "story  and  a  half  building"  shall  be 
taken    to    mean    a    building    that    is   more 


than  one  story  in  height  and  less  than 
two  stories  in  height,  wherein  any  por- 
tion of  the  space  above  the  first  story 
ceiling  is  vised  or  intended  to  be  used  or 
occupied  for  storage,  living-  or  sleeping 
purposes. 

A  "fire  wall"  is  that  part  of  a  masonry 
or  reinforced  concrete  wall  extending 
above  the  roof,  immediately  adjoining 
such  wall. 

A  "basement"  is  that  story  of  a  build- 
ing not  more  than  five  (5)  feet  of  the 
height  of  which  at  any  point  is  below 
the  grade  of  the  street  upon  which  the 
piincipal   entrance  to  the   building   opens. 

A  "cellar"  is  that  story  of  a  building 
not  less  than  five  (5)  feet  of  tne  height 
of  which  at  any  point  is  below  the  grade 
of  the  street  upon  which  the  principal 
entrance  to  the   building  opens. 

The  "front"  of  a  building  is  that  face 
thereof  which  contains  the  principal  en- 
trance to   said  building. 

Sec.  7.  Classes  of  Buildinqs  in  the  Fire 
District. 

It  .«hall  be  unlawful  for  any  person, 
firm  or  corporation  to  erect  or  maintain, 
or  to  cause  to  be  erected  or  maintained, 
within  Fire  District  No.  1,  2  or  3,  any 
building,  unless  such  building  shall  con- 
form in  all  respects  to  the  requirements 
of  this  ordinance  for  a  building-  of  either 
Class  A,  Class  B  or  Class  C,  as  the  same 
are  herein  described;  provided,  however 
in  that  portion  of  Fire  District  No.  1 
lying  easterly  of  Alameda  Street  build- 
ings used  or  intended  to  be  used  for 
blacksmith  shops,  warehouses,  stables  or 
barns  only,  may  be  erected  and  con- 
structed of  corrugated  iron  upon  wood 
frame,  such  buildings  shall  be  of  one 
story  only,  and  not  over  16  feet  in 
height  in  the  clear,  and  such  buildings 
so  erected  or  constructed  shall  be  used 
only  for  such  purposes  as  are  herein 
specified  and  for  no  other;  and  provided, 
further,  that  in  that  portion  of  Fire  Dis- 
trict No.  1  lying-  westerly  of  Main  Street 
and  distant  700  feet  southerly  from  the 
southerly  line  of  Washington  Street, 
buildings  and  other  structures  used  for 
the  purpose  of  housing  and  exhibiting 
animals  may  be  erected  and  constructed 
of  Class  D  construction;  and  provided 
further  that  within  Fire  Districts  Nos. 
1,  2,  3  and  4.  buildings  used  solely  for 
the  purpose  of  housing  and  exhibiting 
growing  plants,  flowers  and  .shrubs  may 
be  erected  and  constructed  of  wire  glass 
upon  metal  frame,  and  such  buildings 
shall  not  exceed  fifteen  (15)  feet  in 
height  in  the  clear,  and  shall  be  used 
only  for  the  purposes  herein  specified  and 
for  no  other  purposes;  and  the  provisions 
of  this  section  shall  not  apply  to  any 
buildings  heretofore  erected  and  used 
solely  for  the  said  purposes;  provided, 
however,  that  whenever  any  such  struc- 
ture is  not  used  or  occupied  for  the  pur- 
pose for  which  it  was  erected,  for  a  per- 
iod of  sixty  days,  then  said  structure 
shall  be  removed  from  the  premises  upon 
which   it  is  located. 

It  shall  be  unlawful  for  any  person, 
firm  or  corporation  to  erect  or  maintain, 
or  to  cause  to  be  erected  or  maintained 
within  Fire  District  No.  4,  any  building 
unless  such  building  shall  conform  in  all 
respects  to  the  requirements  of  this  or- 
dinance for  a  building  of  either  Class 
"A."  Class  "B"  or  Class  "C",  as  the 
same     are     herein  .  described;     provided, 


37 


however,  thai  tin-  provisions  of  this  sec- 
tion shall  not  apply  to  biiildinss  erected 
within  Fire  Distiiot  No.  t,  exclusively 
foi-  residence  purposes,  including  neces- 
sary outbuildings  in  connection  with 
residences,  nor  to  buildings  erected  for 
church  purposes  costing  .f 3000. 00  or  more 
foi'  the  construction  thereof,  exclusive 
of  furnituie;  provided  that  nothing  in  this 
section  contained  shall  apply  to  cooling 
towers  for  condenser  circulating  water, 
provided  such  cooling  towers  are  operat- 
ed and  water  is  pumped  over  them  for  at 
least  twelve  (12)  hoius  of  every  twenty- 
four  (24)  consecutive  hours,  or  if  not  so 
operated,  that  such  cooling  tower  and 
every  part  thereof  is  flooded  with  water 
at  such  intervals  that  the  woodwork  com- 
posing the  same  is  kept  constantly  and 
thoroughly  soaked  with  water. 

The  provisions  of  this  section  .shall  not 
apply  to  any  building-  erected  prior  to  the 
adoption  of  this  ordinance. 

CLASS     "A"     BUILDINGS— DEFINITION 
AND    LIMIT   OF    HEIGlHT. 

Sec.  8.  Class  "A"  buildings,  desig- 
nated as  "fireproof"  or  "skeleton"  con- 
struction, shall  include  every  building 
wherein  all  external  or  internal  loads  or 
strains  are  transmitted  to  the  founda- 
tion by  means  of  reinforced  concrete,  or 
by  means  of  a  skeleton  or  framework  of 
steel  or  iron,  the  beams  and  girders  of 
which  are  riveted  or  bolted  to  each  other 
It  their  respective  juncture  points:  pro- 
vided, however,  that  in  any  building  of 
Class  "A"  construction  not  exceeding 
seven  stories  in  height,  the  exterior 
walls  may  be  constructed  of  masonry 
with  piers  of  not  less  than  six  (6)  feet  in 
width  and  of  the  thickness  required  for 
buildings  of  the  same  height  of  Class 
"P"  construction.  All  beams,  girders 
and  other  steel  and  iron  work  shall  be 
thoroughly  anchored  and  tied  to  ma- 
sonry. 

No  building  of  Class  "A"  construction 
shall  exceed  in  height  1.50  feet;  pro- 
vided, however,  that  in  buildings  of  Class 
"A"  construction  fire  walls  may  extend 
not  to  exceed  ^ix  (li)  feet  above  the  high- 
est ijoint  of  the  roof:  that  pent  house.-* 
and  roof  structures  for  the  housing  of 
sl.airways  may  extend  not  to  exceed  12 
feel  above  the  highest  point  of  the  roof, 
thai  the  structure  for  housing  elevator 
shafts  or  elevator  machinery  may  ex- 
tend not  to  exceed  22  feet  higher  than 
the   highest   point   of   the   roof. 

Sec.  9.  Outer  Walls.  All  outer  walls 
of  every  building  of  Cnass  "A"  shall  be 
ct)nstructed  of  either  brick,  stone  or  con- 
crete. Every  column  in  every  outer  wall 
of  any  such  building  shall  have  not  less 
than  four  and  one-half  inches  of  brick, 
stone,  tile  or  concrete  beyond  its  outer 
flanges.  Where  a  facing;  of  granite  or 
marble,  or  other  stone,  which  Is  sub- 
.lect  to  disintegration  by  heat  is  used, 
every  beam,  g-irder  and  column  shall  be 
protected  independently  of  such  facing 
with  not  less  than  two  inches  of  con- 
crete, or  of  brick,  stone  or  tile  laid  in 
cement  mortar.  In  no  case  shall  a 
granite  or  marble  column  be  used  to  car- 
ry a  wall  exceeding  one  story  in  height. 
^Valls  of  exterior  light  courts  shall  be 
constructed  as  herein  provided  for  the 
construction   of  outer  walls. 

Sec.      10.  Party   Walls.       Party  walls 

in    buildings    of    Class    "A"    construction 


shall  be  constructed  four  inches  thicker 
than  the  othei-  walls  of  such  buildings. 

Sec.  11.  Filler  Walls.  Outer  walls  of 
Class  "A"  buildings  built  in  between  iron 
or  steel  columns  and  supported  wholly 
by  iron  or  steel  girders  in  each  story 
above  the  first  floor,  shall  be  not  less 
than  twelve  inches  thick  above  the  street 
curb  level,  or  tier  of  beams  nearest  the 
curb  level;  downward  from  each  level  the 
thickness  of  such  walls  shall  increase  in 
the  ratio  of  four  inches  for  every  four- 
teen feet  or  part  thereof. 

Sec.  12.  Exterior  Structural  Parts. 
All  exterior  structural  parts  of  the 
framework  of  buildings  of  Class  "A"  shall 
be  thoroughly  protected  by  concrete,  tile, 
brick  or  sandstone,  and  shall  be  built  in 
solid  to  the  metal;  provided  that  whert 
any  column  projects  out  of  a  wall  into 
building  it  shall  be  fireproofed  as  afore- 
said for  interior  columns. 

Sec.  13.  Construction  of  Floors.  Every 
floor  in  any  building  of  Class  "A"  shall 
be  constructed  of  terra  cotta,  brick 
arches  or  reinforced  concrete  in  which 
proper  provision  shall  be  made  by  metal 
rods  against  the  spreading-  of  the  beams, 
or  of  reinforced  terra  cotta  or  of  re- 
inforced concrete.  The  sides  of  the 
beams  or  girders  .shall  be  protected  by 
at  least  one  inch  of  concrete  or  tile.  The 
top  of  eveiy  arch  in  floor  construction 
shall  be  filled  with  concrete  to  a  level  of 
one  inch  above  the  beam  tops  if  wood 
sleepers  are  used  for  the  purpose  of  lay- 
ing finished  floors  said  sleepers  shall  be 
filled  between  with  concrete  or  other  non- 
combustible  material. 

INTERIOR  CONSTRUCTION 
Sec.  14.  Interior  Partitions  in  any 
building'  of  Class  "A"  .shall  be  constructed 
of  either  hollow  terra  cotta  blocks,  gyp- 
sum blocks,  brick  or  reinforced  concrete 
in  which  the  stiffening  metal  is  thorough- 
ly fireproofed,  or  shall  be  constructed  of 
bars  of  metal,  lathed  with  metal  lath,  and 
plastered  not  less  than  five-eighths  of  an 
inch  thick,  or  shall  be  constructed  of  wire 
glass  not  le.'-s  than  one-fourth  of  an  inch 
thick,  set  in  metal  frames  or  sash.  The 
walls  of  any  interior  light  court  shall  be 
not  less  than  eight  inches  thick  where 
constructed  of  brick  or  of  concrete,  and 
shall  be  not  less  than  twelve  inches  thick 
where  constructed  of  hollow  terra  cotta 
or  gypsum   blocks. 

Every  elevator  in  buildings  of  Class  "A" 
shall  be  enclosed  in  a  partition  extending 
from  the  basement  floor  to  the  underside 
of  the  first  floor.  All  doors  to  such  en- 
closure shall  be  constructed  of  metal  or 
of  wood  covered  with  metal,  constructed 
and  arranged  as  specified  in  Section  141 
of  this  ordinance.  All  glass  in  such  en- 
closure or  doors  shall  be  wired  glass  not 
less  than  one-fourth  of  an  inch  thick  set 
in  metal  frames  and  sash. 

FIREPROOFING 
Sec.  15.  Every  building  of  Class  "A" 
shall  be  constructed  throughout  of  non- 
inflammable  material,  and  all  interior 
construction  metal  therein,  except  the 
frame  for  elevators  and  staircases,  shall 
be  protected  from  rust  and  fire,  by  brick, 
terra  cotta  or  concrete  as  follows:  All 
structural  steel  or  iron  before  being  fire- 
proofed shall  be  cleaned  of  dirt  and  un- 
less encased  in  concrete,  be  coated  with 
an    efficient   preservative,     all     iron     and 


38 


steel  columns,  girders  and  beams,  in- 
cluding the  lugs  and  brackets  for  same, 
used  m  the  construction  of  any  fireproof 
building,  or  supporting  any  fireproof 
floors  or  masonry  walls,  shall  be  entirely 
covered  with  two  inches  of  well  burnea 
brick  laid  in  cement  mortar  or  concrete 
built  in  solid  to  the  metal  or  with  two 
inches  of  tile  and  cement  mortar  built 
in  solid  to  the  metal.  The  extreme  outer 
edges  of  lugs,  brackets  and  similar 
supporting  metal  shall  be  covered  with 
at  least  one  inch  of  the  flreproofing.  Pro- 
vided, that  where  steel  trusses  are  used 
to  support  the  concrete  or  tile,  or  hol- 
low tile  roof  of  a  Class  "A"  building  and 
the  lower  chord  of  the  roof  trusses  is  at 
least  forty  feet  above  the  nearest  floor 
in  any  such  building,  and  there  is  no 
room  or  rooms,  structure  or  structures, 
excepting  the  roof  above  such  roof 
trusses,  and  such  trusses  are  protected 
from  fire  by  means  of  a  ceiling  con- 
structed of  steel  ribs,  metal  lath  and  fire- 
proof plaster,  the  flreproofing  herein- 
above in  this  section  described  may  be 
omitted;  provided,  however,  that  the 
lower  chord  of  such  trusses  shall  be 
wrapped  with  metal  lath  and  plastered 
with  cement  or  fireproof  plaster  to  a 
thickness  of  not  less  than  three-fourths 
of  an  inch.  Where,  however,  such  fire- 
proof ceiling  is  twelve  inches  or  more 
below  such  lower  chord  of  such  trusses, 
then  and  in  that  case,  such  metal  lath 
and  plaster  on  such  lower  chord  shall  not 
be  required. 

Provided,  further,  that  where  steel  roof 
trusses  are  used  to  support  the  roof  of 
a  Class  "A"  building  and  no  structure  ex- 
cept the  roof  of  such  building  is  con- 
structed or  maintained  on  or  over  such 
roof  trusses  and  no  structure  other  than 
a  balcony  not  more  than  ten  feet  in  width 
below  such  roof  trusses  and  is  supported 
by  such  roof  trusses,  and  each  of  such 
roof  trusses  is  placed  not  less  than 
twenty-five  feet  above  the  floor  of  the 
building  or  the  portion  of  the  building 
over  which  such  room  trusses  are  erected, 
or  constructed  then  and  in  that  event, 
the  flreproofing  provided  for  in  this  sec- 
tion shall   not  be  required. 

In  hollow  tile  blocks  more  than  six 
inches  thick,  the  shells  and  webs  thereof 
shall  not  be  less  than  three-fourths  inch 
thick.  Said  blocks  shall  be  thoroughly 
tied  and  anchored  together. 

Sec.  16  Stairways.  Kvery  building  of 
Class  "A"  shall  have  at  least  one  (1)  in- 
terior stairway  not  less  than  four  feet  (4') 
wide  from  the  ground  to  the  roof  for 
each  ten  thousand  (10,000)  square  feet  of 
floor  area  or  fraction  thereof,  and  all  such 
stairways  shall  be  constructed  of  fire- 
proof material   throughout. 

No  stairway  shall  surround  or  be  adja- 
cent to  an  elevator  shaft  or  open  well- 
hole  unless  separated  from  said  shaft  or 
wellhole,  by  a  partition  or  wall  of  fire- 
proof materials,  or  unless  there  is  in  the 
building  another  interior  stairway  from 
the  ground  to  the  roof  not  adjacent  to  an 
elevator  shaft  .or  wellhole.  But  in  no 
case  shall  any  floor  of  more  than  ten 
thou.sand  .'^riuare  feet  of  area  have  less 
than  two  interior  stairways  from  the  top 
floor  to  the  second  floor  of  the  building. 

Stairways  from  the  first  fioor  to  any 
basement  or  portion  thereof  used  only  for 
storage  or  for  the  maintenance  of  service 
for   the    building   shall   be    constructed   of 


fireproof  material  throughout  and  shall 
be  enclosed  in  fireproof  walls  or  parti- 
tions, having  a  tight  door  and  containing 
no  glass  other  than  wired  glass  not  less 
than  one-fourth  of  an  inch  thick. 

Sec.  17.  Roofs.  The  roof  of  every 
building  of  Class  "A"  shall  be  constructed 
of  concrete,  brick  arches  or  tile,  the  upper 
surface  of  which  shall  be  covered  with 
asphaltum  and  gravel,  cement,  concrete, 
tile  or  other  fire  resisting  composition 
roofing . . 

Sec.  18.  Skylights.  Skylight  frames  on 
buildings  of  Class  "A"  construction  shall 
be  constructed  entirely  of  metal,  and  all 
such  skylights  shall  be  glazed  with  wire 
glass  not  less  than  one-fourth  inch  thick, 
and  no  light  therein  shall  be  larger  than 
sixteen  inches  by  forty-eight  inches. 

Sec.  19.  Cornices.  No  cornice  con- 
structed on  a  Class  "A"  building  shall  ex- 
ceed in  width,  measured  from  the  face 
of  the  building  to  the  outer  edge  of  such 
cornice  one  inch  for  each  foot  in  height 
of  the  building  from  the  level  of  the  first 
floor  of  such  building  and  in  no  case  shall 
such  cornice  exceed  five  feet  in  width. 

Sec.  20.  Class  "B"  Buildings — Defini- 
tion and  Limit  of  Height.  Class  "B" 
buildings  shall  not  exceed  one  hundred 
feet  in  height  except  that  spires,  domes 
or  towers  on  houses  of  religious  worship 
may  be  erected  to  a  height  not  to  exceed 
one  hundred  and  twenty-five  (125)  feet; 
nor  contain  more  than  eight  stories;  the 
exterior  walls  and  piers  of  which  shall 
be  constructed  of  masonry,  or  of  masonry 
and  steel,  and  all  interior  loads  (except 
those  transmitted  to  exterior  walls)  shall 
be  carried  to  the  foundations  by  columns 
and  girders  of  iron  or  steel  or  masonry. 
All  wooden  joists,  furring,  studding  or 
soffits  of  stairs  shall  be  metal  lathed  and 
plastered.  No  studding  shall  be  less  than 
2x4   inches    in   cross   section. 

Sec.  21.  Structural  Metal.  Every  beam 
carrying  masonry  and  all  columns  Jn 
Class  "B"  buildings  shall  be  flreproofed 
as  provided  for  in  Class  "A"  buildings. 

All  exposed  parts  or  other  structural 
metal  shall  be  covered  with  metal  lath  on 
metal  furring  and  plastered,  leaving  an 
air  space  of  not  less  than  one -half  inch 
behind   such  lath  and  plaster. 

Sec.  22.  Construction  of  Floors.  In 
buildings  of  Class  "B"  all  floors,  ceiling 
and  roof  joists  may  be  of  wood.  Every 
floor  shall  be  composed  of  two  layers  of 
flooring,  each  of  which  shall  be  not  less 
than  seven -eighths  of  an  inch  thick,  with 
one  inch  of  non-combustible  material 
placed  between  the  layers  of  the  flooring 
and  extending  over  the  entire  area  solid 
up  to  all  fixtures  and  structural  parts  of 
such  building  which  pass  through  the 
floors  and  between  furring  strips.  Under 
such  layer  of  non-combustible  material 
there  shall  be  placed  a  sheet  of  water- 
proof paper;  or  the  floor  may  be  con- 
.structed  with  a  layer  of  two- inch 
tongued  and  grooved  planking  and  a 
layer  of  one-inch  flooring,  with  a  layer  of 
waterproof  paper  between  such  layers, 
or  two  thicknesses  of  seven-eighths  inch 
flooring  with  two  thicknesses  of  asbestos 
paper  between  the  layers  of  such  floor- 
ing. All  waterproof  paper  must  be 
turned  up  at  least  two  inches  where  it 
comes  in  contact  with  the  walls  or  any 
fixture  or  structural  part  of  such  build- 
ing passing  through   the  floor. 

Sec.     23.     Bridging.       In     buildings     of 


39 


<nass  "B"  all  wood  joists  shall  have  at 
least  one  row  of  2x3  inch  cross  bridgiiiK 
to  each  twelve  feet  of  span  or  fraction 
thereof. 

All  spaces  between  joists  shall  be 
blocked  solid  at  each  bearing  partition 
with  blocks  not  less  than  two  inches 
thick  and  of  the  full  height  of  the  joists. 

Each  stud  partition  shall  have  two-inch 
bridging-  the  full  width  of  the  studs  at 
the  floor  and  ceiling  and  one  row  of  two- 
inch  bridging  between  the  floor  and  ceil- 
ing; provided,  however,  that  where  two- 
nich  plates  the  full  width  of  studs  are 
used  at  the  floor  and  ceiling,  bridging  at 
the  floor  and  ceiling  shall  not  be  required. 

Sec.  24.  Stairways.  Buildings  of  Class 
"B"  shall  have  one  main  interior  stair- 
way not  less  than  four  feet  wide,  from 
the  first  to  the  topmost  story,  but  in  no 
case  shall  there  be  less  than  two  interior 
stairways  from  the  top  floor  to  the  second 
floor  in  any  building  having  more  than 
six  thousand  square  feet  of  second  floor 
area,  and  every  building  shall  have  at 
least  one  Interior  stairway  removed  not 
less  than  ten  feet  from  any  elevator 
shaft  or  open  well-hole,  and  one  interior 
stairway  to  the  roof. 

Every  building  of  Class  "B"  having 
more  than  10,000  square  feet  of  floor  area 
■on  each  floor  shall  have  one  additional  in- 
terior stairway,  not  less  than  four  feet 
wide,  from  the  first  to  the  topmost  story, 
and  one  additional  such  stairway  for  each 
additional  5000  square  feet  to  such  floor 
area  or  fractional  part  thereof;  provided, 
however,  that  where  such  buildinj;;  is  used 
for,  intended  and  designed  to  be  used  for 
.«tore  purposes  above  the  first  floor,  then 
such  building  shall  be  equipped  with  in- 
terior stairways  as  follows:  For  3000 
square  feet  of  floor  area  or  less  at  least 
one  main  stairway,  not  less  than  four 
feet  wide  from  the  first  to  the  top-most 
story,  and  for  each  additional  4000  square 
feet  or  fractional  part  thereof  in  addi- 
tion to  said  3000  square  feet  of  floor  ai'ea, 
an  additional  such  stairway  shall  be  pro- 
vided. 

Stairways  from  the  first  story  to  any 
basement  or  portion  thereof  occupied 
only  for  storage  or  for  the  maintenance 
of  service  for  the  building,  shall  be  con- 
structed of  fireproof  material  thioughout 
and  shall  be  closed  at  some  point  with  a 
tight  partition  and  door,  containing  no 
glass,  other  than  wired  glass  not  less  than 
one-foui'th  of  an  inch  thick. 

Sec.  25.  Elevators,  Dumb  Waiters  and 
Chutes.  All  passenger  elevators  in 
buildings  of  Class  "B"  shall  be  enclosed 
in  a  shaft  having  a  covered  top;  said 
.-haft  shall  extend  from  the  basement 
lloor  to  at  least  eighteen  feet  above  the 
highest  floor  reached  by  the  car.  or  not 
It  ss   than    three  feet   above   the   roof. 

The  walls  of  such  shaft  shall  be  of 
brick,  tile,  concrete  or  of  wood  stud.« 
liaving  file  stops  the  width  of  studs  and 
not  less  than  two  inches  thick  at  each 
lloor  and  once  between  floors;  such  stud.'; 
shall   be  metal   lathed    on    both    sides   and 


plastered  three-fourths  of  an  inch  thick, 
or  such  shaft  may  be  enclosed  with  wired 
glass  not  less  than  one-fourth  inch  thick 
set  in  metal  covered  frames  and  sash. 

All  doors  to  such  shafts  shall  be  con- 
structed of  metal  or  metal  covered  wood, 
and  any  glass  in  doors  or  shaft  walls 
shall  be  wired  glass  not  less  than  one- 
fourth  of  an  inch  thick  set  in  metal  or 
metal  covered  sash  and  frame. 

The  room  containing  the  elevator  ma- 
chinery shall  be  of  the  same  construction 
as  required  for  the  above  mentioned  ele- 
vator shaft. 

Every  dumb  waiter,  chute  or  other 
shaft,  cutting  through  from  floor  to 
floor,  shall  be  of  the  same  class  of  con- 
struction as  required  for  passenger  ele- 
vator shafts,  or  may  be  of  metal  or  metal 
lined  where  too  small  to  plaster,  and  all 
openings  to  such  shafts  or  chutes  shall 
be  provided  with  metal  doors. 

If  a  freight  elevator  is  placed  in  a 
shaft,  the  shaft  shall  be  constructed  as 
provided  for  shafts  for  passenger  eleva- 
tors. In  case  a  freight  elevator  is  not 
enclosed,  trap  doors  shall  be  provided  at 
each  floor,  which  doors  shall  be  automatic, 
or  shall  be  held  open  by  fusible  links 
attached  thereto  and  so  arranged  as  to 
fall  shut  when  the  link  is  fused,  and  shall 
be  covered  with  lock  jointed  tin  on  the 
under  side  and  edges. 

Every  freight  elevator  hereafter  In- 
stalled in  any  building  which  runs  from 
the  basement  or  lower  floor  to  or  above 
the  third  floor  of  the  building,  shall  be 
entirely  enclosed  in  a  shaft,  such  shaft  to 
be  constructed  and  equipped  the  same  as 
in  this  ordinance  provided  for  shafts  for 
passenger  elevators. 

Freight  elevators  which  by  this  ordi- 
nance are  not  required  to  be  enclosed  in 
a  shaft  shall  be  provided  with  trap  doors 
at  each  floor,  which  doors  shall  be  auto- 
matic or  shall  be  held  open  by  fusible 
links  attached  thereto  and  so  arranged 
as  to  fall  shut  when  the  link  is  fused. 
Said  trap  doors  shall  be  covered  with 
lock  jointed  tin  on  the  under  side  and 
edges. 

Sec.  26.  Light  Courts.  In  every  build- 
ing of  Class  "B"  the  walls  of  every  in- 
terior light  court  the  floor  or  ground  area 
of  which  exceeds  forty  square  feet  shall 
be  constructed  of  masonry  or  walls  car- 
ried on  steel  beams,  supported  by  col- 
umns at  the  several  fioors,  shall  be  of 
tile,  brick  or  reinforced  concrete,  not  less 
than  four  inches  thick.  W^alls  of  light 
courts,  constructed  of  brick  or  hollow^ 
tile  blocks,  laid  in  cement  mortar  having 
face  areas  which  exceed  144  square  feet, 
shall  be  reinforced  with  expanded  metal 
at  least  every  two  feet  in  height  for  the 
full  thickness  of  the  wall. 

Interior  light  courts,  of  less  than  forty 
square  feet  in  area,  if  not  constructed  of 
brick,  reinforced  concrete  or  hollow  tile 
blocks  shall  be  lined  with  tight  board- 
ing having  vertical  stripping,  and  shall 
be  metal  lathed  and  plastered  with  three- 
fourths  of  an  inch  of  hard  plaster. 


OTIS  ELEVATOR  CO. 


40 


Exterior  light  courts  breaking  not  more 
than  eight  feet  into  the  building,  shall  be 
of  me  construction  provided  tor  curtain 
walls. 

li  such  exterior  light  courts  break  more 
than  eight  feet  into  the  building,  the 
walls  thereof  shall  be  constructed  of  brick 
or  concrete  not  less  than  eight  inches 
thick  and  carried  on  steel  or  iron  or  rein- 
forcea  concrete  beams  at  each  floor. 

Sec.  27.  Roofs.  Rafters  in  buildings  of 
Class  "B"  shall  be  placed  not  more  than 
twenty-four  inches  apart  from  center  to 
center  and  shall  be  covered  with  board- 
ing not  less  than  seven-eighths  of  an 
inch  thick.  All  roof-boarding  shall  be 
covered  with  tin,  copper  or  with  felt  and 
asphaltum  covered  with  gravel,  or  with 
other  fire-resisting  compo-sition. 

Sec.  28.  Skylights,  All  skylights  in 
buildings  of  Class  "B"  shall  be  construct- 
ed as  provided  for  the  construction  of 
skylights  in  buildings  of  Class  "A." 

Sec.  29.  Roof  Spaces  and  Cornices. 
The  space  between  the  ceiling  of  the  top 
story  and  the  roof  of  buildings  of  Class 
"B"  shall  be  divided  into  sections,  each 
having  an  area  not  exceeding  two  thou- 
sand rive  hundred  square  feet,  by  tight 
partitions  of  one- inch  redwood,  or  by 
partitions  of  studs  metal  lathed  and  plas- 
tered on  both  Sides.  All  openings  in  such 
partitions  shall  have  doors  of  similar  con- 
struction,  which  shall  be  self-closing. 

All  cornices,  gutters  and  appendages  on 
buiiuings  of  Class  "B"  shall  De  consiruct- 
ed  as  tiereinbefore  provided  for  the  con- 
struction ot  cornices,  gutters  and  appen- 
dages on  buddings  of  Class  "A." 

Sec.  30.  Cla.s  "C"  Buildings — Defini- 
tion and  Limit  of  Heights.  Class  "C" 
biuldiiigs  shall  incluae  every  building 
having  its  outside  walls  of  masonry  or 
reinforced  concrete,  wherein  all  floors 
and  internal  loads  are  not  wholly  carried 
and  transmitted  to  the  foundations  by 
metal  columns  and  girders,  or  by  rein- 
forced concrete  or  masonry. 

No  building  of  Class  "C"  shall  exceed 
in  height  Cighty-flve  feet,  except  that 
spires,  domes  or  towers  on  houses  of  re- 
ligious worship  may  be  erected  to  a 
height  not  to  exceed  one  hundred  and 
ten  (110)  feet,  and  the  number  of  stories 
thereof  shall  not  exceed  six;  exclusive  of 
basements. 

Sec.  31.  Construction.  In  buildings 
of  Class  "C"  of  either  Ave  (h)  or  six  (6) 
stories  in  height,  all  joists  below  the  up- 
per four  (4)  floors  shall  be  supported  by 
steel,    iron    or  masoniy. 

Bearing  partitions  in  the  upper  two  (2) 
stories  of  every  building  of  Class  "C" 
construction  shall  have  studs  not  less 
thon  two  inches  by  four  inches  (2"x4"), 
and  all  bearing  studs  of  all  stories  below 
the  upper  two  stories  shall  be  not  less 
than  two  inches  by  six  inches  (2"x6")- 

All  studs  and  joists  shall  be  bridged 
and  fire-slopped  as  hereinbefore  provided 
for  buildings  of  Class  "B." 

In  buildings  of  Class  "("'  more  than 
two  stories  in  height,  in  which  the  upper 
stories  are  divided  in  whole  or  in  part 
into  rooms,  the  under  side  of  the  second 
floor-  joists,  and  the  soffits  of  all  stairs, 
shall  be  metal  lathed  and  plastered;  and 
all  joists  and  studs  below  said  second 
floor   shall    be   similarly   protected. 

Provided,  however,  that  in  buildings  of 
this  class  erected  outside  of  Fire  Districts 
Numbers  1,  2,  3,   and  4,   the  provisions  of 


this  section  shall  not  apply,  except  that 
in  such  buildings  all  halls  and  corridors 
on  the  first  and  second  stories  and  the 
soffits  of  all  stairs  shall  be  plastered  with 
plaster  on  inetal  lath. 

In  all  buildings  of  Class  "C,"  four  or 
more  stories  in  height,  the  ceiling  of 
every  cellar  or  basement,  the  beams  and 
joists  of  which  are  of  wood,  shall  be 
lathed  with  metal  lath  and  plastered. 

Sec.  32.  Light  Courts.  Light  courts  in 
buildings  of  Cla.ss  "C"  shall  be  construct- 
ed as  hereinbefore  provided  for  the  con- 
struction of  light  courts  in  buildings  of 
Class    "B." 

Sec.  33.  Floors.  In  buildings  of  Class 
"C"  over  two  stories  in  height,  all  floors 
shall  be  constructed  of  two  layers  of  sev- 
en-eighths inch  flooring  with  two  thick- 
nesses of  asbestos  paper  between  said 
layers. 

HOLLOW    TERRA    COTTA    PARTITIONS 
AND    FLOORS 

Sec.  34.  Interior  bearing  partitions  of 
Class  "C"  buildings  may  be  of  hollow 
terra  cotta  blocks,  and  such  partition 
shall  be  constructed  in  accordance  with 
the  following  table  as  to  thickness,  and 
laid  up  and  bonded  as  hereinafter  de- 
scribed. The  thickness  of  hollow  terra 
cotta  block  bearing  partitions  in  Class 
"C"  buildings  shall  be  as  follows: 

(The  numerals  at  the  head  of  the  sev- 
eral   columns    indicate   the    story    and    the 
inches    shown    in    the    column    denote    the 
thickness  of  the  wall. 
Height     Basement 
of  or  Cellar 

Building     Wall  ,  1        2         3       4       .5       6 

1-Story       8"  thick      6" 
2-Storv       8"  thick      6"      6" 
3-Storv     12"  thick      8"      6"    6" 
4-Story     12"  thick      8"      8"    6"    6" 
,5-Storv     16"  thick    12"      8"    8"    6"    6" 
6-Story     16"  thick,  12"    12"    8"    8"    6"    6" 

Hollow  terra  cotta  block  non-bearing 
partitions  shall  not  exceed  the  following: 

6"  partitions,  20' — 0"  high. 

4"  partitions,   16' — 0"  high. 

3"  partitions,  14' — 0"  high. 

Three  inch  hollow  terra  cotta  blocks 
may  be  used  for  the  construction  of 
closets  and  vent  shafts  if  reinforced  with 
wire  in  each  horizontal  joint. 

Hollow  terra  cotta  blocks  used  for 
bearing  walls  and  partitions  in  buildings 
three  or  more  stories  in  height  must  be 
built  on  their  ends  and  reinforced  with 
metal  lath  or  three-mesh  hardware  cloth 
one  inch  narrower  than  the  thickness  of 
the  wall.  This  metal  fabric  shall  be 
spread  on  each  horizontal  bed  the  full 
length  of  the  wall  and  doubled  at  each 
corner.  After  the  reinforcing  metal  is  in 
place  the  entire  surface  of  each  course  of 
the  w^all  shall  be  covered  completely  with 
Portland  cement  mortar,  in  proportions 
of  three  parts  lime  mortar  to  one  part  of 
Portland  cement.  The  tile  in  interior 
bearing  partitions  shall  be  so  bonded  to- 
gether that  the  vertical  webs  on  each 
course  will  come  directly  over  each  other 
through  the  entire  wall.  No  party  or  di- 
vision wall  shall  be  constructed  of  hol- 
low terra  cotta  blocks  and  no  hollow  terra 
cotta  blocks  shall  be  carried  on  any  wood 
beam,  girder  or  post. 

In  buildings  of  Class  "C,"  where  hollow 
terra  cotta  blocks  are  used  for  bearing 
partitions,  the  floors  shall  be  constructed 
of  reinforced  concrete,   or  reinforced  hoi- 


41 


low  terra  cotta  blocks,  or  of  both,  and 
shall  be  made  to  sustain  the  tloor  loads  in 
accordance  with  and  as  required  by  Sec- 
tion 130  of  this  ordinance.  The  contractor 
or  owner  shall  make  load  tests  on  any 
part  of  a  reinforced  structure,  whether  it. 
be  reinforced  concrete,  or  whether  it  be 
reinforced  hollow  terra  cotta  blocks,  or  a 
combination  of  both  reinforced  concrete 
and  reinforced  terra  cotta  blocks;  such 
test  shall  be  made  whenever  the  Board 
of  Public  Works  deems  necessary,  and 
any  floors  of  the  above  mentioned  con- 
struction shall  be  capable  of  sustaining  a 
load  of  twice  that  for  which  it  is  de- 
signed, without  any  sign  of  failure,  and 
in  the  case  of  beams,  girders  and  floors, 
without  deflecting  more  than  one  seven- 
hundiedths  of  the  span. 

Hollow  ttre-procf  building  blocks  com- 
posed of  gypsum  and  fibre  may  be  used 
in  the  construction  of  interior  nonbear- 
ing  partitions,  excepting  in  the  base- 
ments of  buildings,  where  hollow  terra 
cotta  blocks  are  permitted  to  be  used. 
Partitions  so  constructed  shall  be  of  the 
same  thickness  for  different  heights  as 
above  required  for  hollow  terra  cotta 
block  partitions. 

Sec.  34'/2.  Interior  non-bearing  parti- 
tions in  buildings  of  Classes  B,  C  or  D 
construction  shall  be  constructed  of  studs 
not  less  than  two  inches  by  three  inches 
and  lathed  and  plastered,  or  such  non- 
bearing  partitions  may  be  constructed  of 
hollow  terra  cotta  tile  in  accordance  with 
the  provisions  of  Section  34  of  this  or- 
dinance, provided  that  all  such  hollow 
terra  cotta  tile  non-bearing  partitions 
shall  be  supported  on  masonry;  inetal 
studs,  lathed  with  metal  lath  and  plas- 
tered; or  such  non-beaiing  partitions  may 
be  constructed  of  studs  not  less  than  one 
inch  by  two  inches,  lathed  oh  one  side 
with  wood  or  metal  lath  and  plastertsa, 
and  on  the  other  side  such  studs  and 
lath  shall  be  plastered  with  cement  mortar 
of  such  thicknes.s  that  the  finished  par- 
tition shall  be  not  less  than  two  inches 
in  thickness.  In  order  to  make  the  mor- 
tar adhere  to  the  studs,  each  such  stud 
shall  have  securely  fastened  thereto  a 
strip  of  metal  lath  equal  to  the  full  width 
and  length  of  .such  stud  or  shall  have 
nails  of  a  size  not  less  than  4d  (four 
penny)  common,  driven  not  more  than 
two  inches  apart  into  each  such  stud  and 
left  with  the  heads  of  such  nails  pro- 
jecting fiom  the  face  of  such  stud  not 
less    than    one-half    inch. 

Sec.  35.  Stairways.  Buildings  oT  Class 
"C"  shall  have  one  main  interior  stairway 
not  less  than  4  feet  wide  from  the  first 
to  the  topmost  story;  provided  that  in  no 
case  shall  there  be  less  than  two  interior 
.'Stairways  from  the  topmost  story  to  the 
second  floor  of  any  such  building  having 
more  than  5000  square  feet  of  second  floor 
area;  and  every  building  of  Class  "C" 
shall  have  at  least  one  interior  stairway 
not  less  than  10  feet  from  any  elevator 
shaft  or  open  well  hole,  and  one  interior 
stairway  to  the  roof. 

Every  building  of  Class  "C"  having 
more  than  8000  square  feet  of  floor  area 
on  each  floor,  shall  have  one  additional 
interior  stairway  not  less  than  four  feet 
wide  from  the  first  to  the  topmost  story, 
and  one  additional  such  stairway  for  each 
additional  4000  square  feet,  or  fractional 
part  thereof,  or  area  in  addition  to  said 
8000   square   feet. 


Buildings  of  Class  "C"  used,  or  in- 
tended or  designed  to  be  used  for  store 
purposes,  or  factory  purposes  aoove  the 
first  floor,  shall  be  equipped  with  interior 
stanways  as  follows:  for  every  300(i 
square  feet  or  less  of  each  floor  area,  at 
least  one  mam  stairway  from  the  first  to 
the  topmost  story;  and  an  additional  such 
stairway  for  each  additional  3iiOO  square 
feet  or  fraction  thereof  of  floor  area,  in 
addition  to  said  3000  square  feet. 

Stairways  from  the  first  story  to  an\' 
basement  or  portion  thereof  in  such 
buildings,  used  tor  storage  only,  or  for 
the  maintenance  of  service  for  the  build- 
ing shall  be  closed  at  some  point  with  a 
tight  partition  and  door,  containing  no 
glass  other  than  wired  glass  not  less  than 
one-foui-th   of   an   inch   thick. 

Sec.  36.  Elevator  Shafts,  Dumb  Walt- 
ers, Chutes  and  Other  Shafts.  Elevator 
shafts,  dumb  waiters,  chutes  and  other 
shafts  in  buildings  of  Class  "C"  shall  be 
constructed  as  hereinbefore  provided  for 
the  construction  of  elevator  shafts,  dumb 
waiters,  chutes  and  other  shafts  in 
buildings  of  Class  "B." 

Sec.  37.  Roofs.  Roofs;  of  buildings  of 
Class  "C"  shall  be  constructed  as  here- 
inbefore provided  for  the  construction  of 
roofs  for  buildings  of  Class   "B." 

Sec,  38.  Roof  Spaces  and  Cornices. 
Roof  spaces  in  buddings  of  Class  "C" 
shall  be  subdivided  as  hereinbefore  pro- 
vided for  the  subdivision  of  room  spaces 
in   buildings   of  Class   "B." 

All  cornices,  gutters  and  appendages  on 
buildings  of  Class  "C"  shall  be  construct- 
ed as  hereinbefore  provided  for  tlie  con- 
struction of  cornice,  gutters  and  append- 
ages on   buildings  of   Class   "A." 

Sec.  39.  Skylights.  All  skylights  in 
buildings  of  Class  "C"  shall  be  construct- 
ed as  hereinbefore  provided  for  the  con- 
struction of  skylights  in  buildings  of  Class 
"A." 

Sec.  40.  Class  "D"  Buildings — Defini- 
tion,     Construction    and    Limit   of   Height. 

Clas.«  "D"  buildings  shall  include  every 
building  not  included  in  Classes  "A",  "B"' 
and    "C." 

Class  "D"  buildings  shall  not  exceed 
fifty  feet  in  height,  except  that  spires, 
domes  or  towers  on  houses  of  religious 
worship  may  be  erected  to  a  height  not  to 
exceed  seventy-five  (75)  feet;  nor  contain 
more  than  four  stories,  except  that  build- 
ings of  Class  "D"  construction  intended 
for  the  housing  of  trees,  plants  or  vine.-^ 
may  be  erected  to  a  height  not  to  exceed 
sixty  (60)  feet;  provided  that  such  build- 
ings are  constructed  entirely  of  masonry, 
steel  and  glass. 

The  studs  of  the  exterior  walls  of  Class 
"D"  buildings  over  three  stories  in  height 
shall  be  sheathed  diagonally  with  boards 
not  less  than  seven-eighths  of  an  inch 
thick,  exclusive  of  the  weather  covering. 
All  exterior  or  bearing  walls  below  the 
sidewalk  level  at  the  highest  point  of  the 
sidewalk  adjacent  to  such  building  shall 
be  constructed  of  masonry,  except  that 
interior  partitions  may  in  lieu  of  mason- 
ry, be  constructed  as  hereinbefore  pro- 
vided for  the  construction  of  such  parti- 
tion.s  in   Cla.«s   "t!"  buildings. 

Sec.  41.  Class  "D"  Buildings — Classi- 
fication. Evei'>'  building  or  structure 
hei-etofore  erected  or  constructed  which 
does  not  conform  to  the  provisions  of  this 
ordinance  relating  to  construction,  ma- 
terial or  requirement  of  buildings  of  Class 


42 


"A,",  Class  "B"  or  Class  "C"  constiuct- 
tlon  shall,  for  the  purpose  of  this  ordi- 
nance, be  deemed  and  considered  a  build- 
ing or  structure  of  Class  "D." 

Sec.  42.  Foundations — Class  "D".  In 
buildings  of  Class  "D"  not  over  one  story 
in  height,  where  a  masonry  foundation  is 
desired,  such  foundation  wall,  if  of  brick, 
shall  be  not  less  than  eight  inches  thick, 
and  shall  have  a  footing  of  not  less  than 
twelve  inches  wide.  If  such  foundation 
wall  is  of  concrete,  it  shall  not  be  less 
than  six  inches  thick,  and  have  a  footing 
not  less  than  twelve  inches  wide.  If  such 
foundation  walls  be  over  seven  feet  in 
height,  the  walls  thereof  shall  be  in- 
creased four  inches  in  thickness  for  each 
additional  seven  feet  or  fractional  part 
thereof  in  height.  AVhen  the  increased 
thickness  of  the  wall  is  required  the  foot- 
ing shall  be  increased  in  thickness  in  the 
above   ratio. 

Buildings  more  than  one  story  in  height, 
except  barns  and  outhouses,  shall  have  a 
masonry  foundation  or  cellar  wall  not  less 
than  eight  inches  thick,  and  shall  have  a 
footing  course  not  less  than  sixteen 
inches  wide,  and  not  less  than  five  inches 
thick.  If  such  foundation  walls  be  over 
seven  feet  in  heigiit,  they  shall  be  in- 
creased foui'  inches  in  thickness  for  each 
additional  seven  feet  or  fractional  part 
thereof  of  height.  Where  the  increased 
thickness  of  the  wall  is  required  the  foot- 
ings shall  be  increased  in  width  in  the 
hereinbefoi-e  mentioned  ratio. 

Buildings  over  two  stories  in  height 
shall  have  foundation  or  cellar  walls  not 
less  than  twelve  inches  thick,  if  such 
wall  is  not  more  than  ten  feet  high  and 
each  successive  ten  feet  or  fraction  there- 
of of  height  below  the  top  ten  feet  of 
such  wall  shall  be  four  inches  thicker 
than  the  section  next  above.  Each  such 
wall  shall  have  a  footing  not  less  than 
75  per  cent  wider  than  the  section  of 
wall  resting  upon  it. 

Depths  of  foundations  of  Class  "D" 
buildings  shall  not  be  less  than  is  speci- 
fied in  the  following  schedule: 

For  one-story  buildings,  not  less  than 
six  inches  below  the  natural  surface  of 
the  ground. 

For  two-story  buildings  not  less  than 
one  foot  below  the  natui'al  surface  of  the 
ground. 

For  three  or  four-story  buildings,  not 
less  than  two  feet  below  the  natural  sur- 
face  of   the   ground. 

Sec.  43.  Cellar  Walls— Class  "D."  In 
buildings  of  Class  "D,"  which  are  not 
over  two  stories  in  height,  cellar  walls 
shall  be  not  less  than  eight  inches  thick. 
Cellar  walls  over  seven  feet  in  height  In 
such  buildings  shall  be  increased  in 
thickness  four  inches  for  each  additional 
seven  feet  or  fractional  part  thereof  in 
height;  provided,  however,  that  non-bear- 
ing cellar  walls  constructed  of  concrete, 
not  more  than  seven  feet  in  height,  shall 
be  not  less  than  six  inches  in  thickness. 
In  such  buildings  over  two  stories  in 
height,  the  cellar  walls  shall  be  not  less 
than  twelve  inches  thick,  if  such  walls 
are  not  more  than  ten  feet  in  height;  and 
each  successive  ten  feet  or  fraction 
the'-eof  in  height  below  the  top  ten  feet 
shall  be  four  inches  thicker  than  the  sec- 
tion next  above:  provided,  however,  that 
non-bearing  cellar  walls  constructed  of 
concrete,  if  not  more  than  seven  feet  in 
heie-ht,  shall  be  not  less  than  six  inches 
thick. 


All  such  cellar  walls  shall  have  founda- 
tion footings  of  the  size  described  in 
Section   42   of  this  ordinance. 

Sec.  44.  Masonry  Walls — Class  "D". 
In  buildings  of  Class  "D,"  masonry  walls 
dividing  rooms,  and  not  used  as  support- 
ing walls,  shall  be  not  less  than  four 
inches  thick,  or  if  such  walls  are  built 
of  hollow  tile  blocks  they  shall  be  not 
less  than  three  inches  thick;  provided, 
that  in  no  case  shall  such  wall  be  sup- 
ported on  wood  or  be  more  than  ten  feet 
in   height. 

Sec.  45.  Studding — Class  "D."  In 
buildings  of  Class  "D"  the  upper  two 
stories  shall  have  2x4  inch  studs,  and  all 
lower  stories  shall  have  not  less  than  2x6 
studs  in  bearing  partitions  and  exterior 
walls.  Non-bearing  partitions  not  more 
than  twelve  feet  in  height  shall  have 
studs  of  dimensions  not  less  than  2x3 
inches.  In  one-story  dwellings  having 
studs  of  not  more  than  twelve  feet  in 
length,  the  studs  shall  be  not  less  than 
2x3  inches. 

All  wood  joists  shall  have  at  least  one 
low  of  2x3  inch  cross  bridging  to  eacn 
twelve  feet  or  fraction  thereof  of  span. 
All  spaces  between  joists  shall  be  blocked 
at  each  bearing,  and  over  each  bearing 
partition,  with  solid  blocks  not  less  than 
two  inches  thick  and  the  full  depth  of  the 
joists. 

Each  stud  wall  and  partition  shall  have 
two-inch  bridging  at  the  floor  and  the 
ceiling  and  one  row  of  two-inch  bridging 
between  the  floor  and  the  ceiling;  pro- 
vided, however,  that  '  where  two-inch 
plates  aie  used,  the  full  w^idth  of  the 
stud  wall  or  partition  bridging  at  the 
floor    and    ceilings    shall    not    be    required. 

All  corners  of  Class  "D"  buildings  shall 
have  diagonal  bracing  in  the  stud  walls 
or  partitions  in  each  story  and  additional 
diagonal  bracing  shall  be  constructed  in 
each  stud  wall  or  partition  to  each  twen- 
ty-ttve  feet  of  length   thereof. 

No  studding  shall  be  placed  against  the 
wall  of  another  building,  unless  the  said 
studding  is  sheathed  with  one-inch 
boards,  close  jointed,  on  the  side  thereof 
next    to   said   adjacent   building. 

Sec.  46.  Floors — Class  "D."  The  floors 
of  Class  "D"  buildings  four  stories  in 
height  shall  be  constructed  of  two  layers 
of  boards.  Each  of  such  layers  shall  be 
not  less  than  seven-eighths  of  an  inch  in 
thickness. 

Sec.  47.  Stairways — Class  "D."  All 
buildings  of  Class  "D,"  other  than  dwell- 
ings, more  than  two  stories  in  height, 
shall  have  at  least  one  interior  stairway 
not  less  than  four  feet  wide,  from  the 
first  story  to  the  topmost  story.  Every 
such  building  containing  more  than  3000 
square  feet  of  second  floor  area  shall  have 
an  additional  such  stairway  for  each  ad- 
ditional 3000  square  feet  or  fractional  part 
thereof  of  second  floor  ai'ea.  EVery  such 
building  over  two  stories  in  height  shall 
have  at  least  one  such  stairway  from  the 
topmost  story  to  the  roof.  Ev^ery  such 
building,  two  stories  in  height,  shall 
have  at  least  one  interior  stairway  not 
less  than  four  feet  in  width  from  thi> 
first  story  to  the  topmost  story  thereof 
for  each  4000  square  feet  or  fractional 
part  thereof  of  second  floor  space;  pro- 
vided, however,  that  in  warehouse  or  fac- 
tory buildings  of  Class  "D"  construc- 
tion not  exceeding  two  stories  in  height, 
the  second  floor  of  which  is  not  divided, 
by  partitions  or  otherwise,   and  where  no 


43 


F.    O.    WYMAN.    President  W.    J.    BAILEY,    Vice-President 

A.    M.    NORTH,    Secretary 


SUMMIT  LIME  COMPANY 

(Incorporated) 

SOLE   MANUFACTURERS    OF 

BLUE  SUMMIT 

LIME 


Office:     708-709    Marsh-Strong    Bldg. 

Los  Angeles,    CaL 

Telephone    Main     i  5  1  Works    at   Tehachapi,    Cal. 


Bear  fW  Brand 


porhand  cement 

UNEXCELLED 

FOR 

UNIFORMITY  AND  STRENGTH 

Write   for   New   Catalog 

GOLDEN  STATE  PORTLAND   CEMENT  CO. 

521-2   Marsh-Strong   Building,   Los   Angeles,   Cal. 


44 


female  person  is  employed  above  the 
first  floor  of  such  building,  there  shall  be 
provided  not  less  than  one  interior  or  ex- 
terior stairway  not  less  than  four  feet 
in  width  from  said  second  floor  to  the 
first  floor  of  said  building  or  to  the 
ground,  for  each  7000  square  feet  or  frac- 
tional part  thereof  of  second  floor  area; 
provided,  further,  that  not  less  than  one- 
half  of  the  number  of  stairways  required 
in  any  such  building  may  be  placed  on 
the  exterior  thereof  unless  an  odd  number 
of  stairways  is  required  and  in  which 
event  the  majority  of  such  stairways 
may  be  placed  in  the  interior  of  such 
building-  or  on  the  exterior  thereof  at  the 
option  of  the  owner  of  such  building. 

Sec.  48.  Elevator  Shafts,  Etc. — Class 
"D."  E'levator  shafts,  dumb  waiters, 
chutes  and  other  shafts  in  buildings  of 
Class  "D"  shall  be  constructed  as  here- 
inbefore provided  foi-  the  construction  of 
elevator  shafts,  dumb  waiters,  chvites  and 
other  shafts  in  buildings  of  Class  "B." 

Sec.  49.  Skylights — Class  "D."  Sky- 
light frames  in  buildings  of  Class  "D" 
othei'  than  dwellings  shall  be  constructed 
entirely  of  metal,  and  all  skylights  shall 
be  glazed  w^ith  wire  glass,  not  less  than 
one-fourth  of  an  inch  thick,  and  no  light 
therein  shall  be  larger  than  sixteen  inches 
by  forty-eight  inches. 

Sec.  50.  Roof  Spaces — Class  "D."  Roof 
spaces  in  buildings  of  Class  "D"  shall  be 
subdivided  as  hereinbefore  provided  for 
roof  spaces  in  buildings  of  Class  "B." 

Sec.   51.     Factory    Buildings — Class   "D." 

All  factory  buildings  of  Class  "D"  con- 
struction more  than  one  story  in  height 
shall  have  all  interior  a.nd  roof  loads  car- 
ried on  columns  and  gTrders.  The  roof 
of  such  building'3  shall  be  covered  with 
boardings  not  less  than  seven-eighths  of 
an  inch  thick.  All  roof  boarding  shall 
be  covered  with  tin,  copper,  corrugated 
iron,  or  with  felt  and  asphaltum  covered 
with  gravel,  or  with  other  flre-resisiting 
composition. 

Sec.  52.  Terra  Cotta  Buildings  Outside 
Fire  Districts  Numbers  1,  2  and  3.  Build- 
ings not  exceeding  four  stories  or  fifty 
feet  in  total  height  may  be  erected  and 
constructed  of  hollow  terra  cotta  blocks 
in  the  City  of  Bos  Angeles,  except  in  that 
portion  of  said  city  included  within  Fire 
Districts  Numbers  1,  2  and  3.  The  ex- 
terior walls  of  such  buildings  may  be  of 
reinforced  terra  cotta  blocks  of  such 
thickness  as  is  prescribed  for  masonry 
walls  in  Sections  112  and  115  of  this 
ordinance  and  all  interior  bearing  walls 
or  partitions,  and  non-bearing  partitions 
shall  be  of  the  same  thickness,  height  and 
general  construction  as  provided  for  such 
walls  elsewhere  in  this  ordinance,  and 
such  structure  shall,  in  all  other  details 
of  arrangement  and  construction,  conform 
to  the  requirements  of  this  ordinance. 

Buildings  not  exceeding  one  story  in 
height  used  or  intended  for  use  as  a. 
private  dwelling,  private  stable,  private 
garage,  and  the  necessary  out  buildings 
used  or  intended  to  be  used  in  connection 
therewith,  may  be  erected  and  construct- 
ed of  hollow  terra  cotta  tile  blocks  in 
the  City  of  Bos  Angeles,  except  in  that 
portion  of  said  city  included  within  Fire 
Districts  Numbers  1,  2  and  .3.  The  ex- 
terioi-  walls  of  any  such  buildings  con- 
.structed  of  hollow  terra  cotta  tile  blocks 
shall  be  not  less  than  6  inches  in  thick- 
ness;   the    inteiior    bearing    walks    thereof 


shall  be  not  less  than  4  inches  in  thick- 
ness, and  the  interior  non-bearings  walls 
thereof  shall  be  not  less  than  'i  inches  in 
thickness.  No  such  wall  shall  exceed  20 
feet  in  length,  if  unsupported  laterally, 
and  shall  not  exceed  10  feet  in  height 
measured  from  the  floor  level  to  the  wall 
plate,  provided  that  a  fire  wall  not  less 
than  6  inches  in  thickness  may  be  con- 
structed above  the  adjoining  roof  line  of 
any  such  building  not  to  exceed  a  height 
of  2  feet  6  inches.  Every  such  wall  shall 
be  laid  up  in  cement  mortar  containing" 
not  less  than  one  part  of  Portland  Cement 
to  three  parts  of  good  lime  mortar,  and 
shall  be  carried  directly  on  foundations  of 
brick  o(-  concrete.  Every  such  foundation 
wall  shall  be  continuous  and  shall  be  not 
less  than  8  inches  in  thickness,  with  a 
footing  not  less  than  16  inches  in  width, 
and  shall  extend  up  to  the  floor  line. 
Every  such  footing  shall  be  not  less  than 
12  inches  below  the  surface  of  the  ground. 
In  all  other  respects  every  building  con- 
structed of  hollow  terra  cotta  tile  blocks 
shall  conform  to  the  requirements  of  this 
ordinance  for  the  construction  of  brick 
buildings. 

HOSPITALS,    ASYLUMS,    ETC. 

Sec.  53.  It  shall  be  unlawful  for  any 
person,  firm  or  corporation  to  occupy, 
use  or  maintain  a  hospital,  sanatorium, 
sanitarium  or  asylum  in  anj"  building  or 
structure  hereafter  erected  or  constructed 
in  the  City  of  Bos  Angeles  more  than  one 
stoi-y  in  height,  unless  such  building  o.' 
stiucture  be  of  Class  "A"  consti-uction; 
provided,  however,  that  open  air  sleeping 
porches  or  sleeping  quarters  may  be  con- 
structed and  maintained  above  the  ceiling 
and  below  the  roof  of  any  one-story  sana- 
torium, sanitarium  or  asylum  of  Clas.s 
"B,"  Class  "C"  or  Class  "D"  construction 
having  not  to  exceed  15  rooms,  exclusive 
of  the  basement  or  cellar. 

It  shall  be  unlawful  for  any  person, 
firm  or  coi-poration,  after  the  date  this 
ordinance  becomes  effective,  to  chaiige  or 
convert  any  building  over  one  story  in 
height  to  be  thereafter  used  as  a  hos- 
pital, sanatorium,  sanitarium  or  asylum 
unless  such  building  conforms  to  the  pro- 
visions of  the  ordinances  of  the  City  ot 
Bos  Angeles  lelating  to  the  construction, 
arrangement  and  maintenance  of  hos- 
pitals, sanatoriums,  sanitariums,  or  asy- 
lums. 

The  walls  and  ceilings  of  ever5-  corridor 
of  each 'floor  of  every  hospital,  sanato- 
rium, sanitarium  or  asylum  shall  extend 
fi'om  one  exterior  wall  to  another  in  a 
line  as  direct  as  practicable,  and  every 
such  corridor  shall  have  a  door  at  each 
end,  and  if  more  than  one  story  in  height 
shall  have  a  flre  escape  at  each  end 
thereof. 

EVery  fire  escape  in  such  building  shall 
consist  of  an  iron  stairway  extending 
from  the  ground  to  the  topmost  story  and 
shall  have  a  landing  at  each  story  com- 
municating with  such  corridors.  The 
treads  of  such  stairway  shall  be  not  less 
than  eight  inches  wide  and  the  risers 
shall  be  not  more  than  seven  inches  high. 

Each  such  stairway  shall  have  a  sub- 
stantial iron  railing  at  least  three  feet 
high  on  its  exposed  sides.  From  the 
landing  at  the  top  story  a  metal  ladder 
shall  extend  to  the  roof,  as  provided  in 
this  oidinance  for  other  fire  escapes. 

AVhere    any    hospital,    sanatorium,    sani- 


45 


Simons  Brick  Co. 


1  25  West  Third  Street 
Los  Angeles 

Main  126  A2744 

Manufacturers  of 

Hollow  Tile 


Plain   and   Interlocking 


Roofing  Tile 

Mission  —  Spanish,  Large  and  Small  —  Madrid 


BRICK 

Colonial   Face — Red   Pressed — Blue — Ruffled — All   Sizes 

Builders,   Etc. 


46 


taiium  or  asylum  is  built  on  the  pavilion 
system  connected  by  corridors,  there  shall 
be  fire  doors  at  each  end  of  every  corn- 
dor  connecting  such  buildings,  which  said 
fire  doors  shall  be  constructed  and  ai- 
ranged  in  accordance  with  the  provisions 
of  this  ordinance. 

Provided,  however,  that  the  provisions 
of  this  section  shall  not  apply  to  any  hos- 
pital, sanatorium,  sanitarmm  or  asylum 
constructed,  used  and  occupied  as  such 
at  the  time  of  the  pas.sage  of  this  ordi- 
nance. 

Sec.  54.  Altering  Hospitals,  Etc.  It 
shall  be  unlawful  for  any  person,  firm 
or  corporation  to  alter,  repair,  raise,  build 
upon,  move,  reconstruct  or  make  any 
addition  to  any  hospital,  sanatorium, 
sanitarium  or  asylum,  or  any  building 
used  or  occupied  as  such,  except  a  build- 
ing of  Class  "A"  construction;  provided, 
however,  that  a  buildiiTg  not  of  Class 
"A"  construction  used  and  occupied  at 
the  time  of  the  passage  of  this  ordinance 
as  a  hospital,  sanatorium  sanitarium  or 
asylum  may  be  altered,  repaired,  recon- 
structed or  added  to  if  such  alteration, 
repair,  reconstruction  or  addition  is  of 
Class    "A"    construction. 

Sec.  55.  Hotels.  It  shall  be  unlawful 
for  any  person,  firm  or  corporation  to 
erect,  construct  or  maintain,  or  to  cause 
to  be  erected,  constructed  or  maintained, 
any  building  used  or  designed  to  be  used 
as  a  hotel,  apartment  house,  tenement 
house,  boarding  house  or  lodging  house 
more  than  three  stories  in  height  unless 
the  same  is  of  Class  "A,"  Class  "B"  or 
Class  "C"  construction,  or  more  than 
four  stories  in  height  unless  the  same 
is  of  Class  "A"  or  Class  "B"  construc- 
tion, or  more  than  five  stories  In  height 
unless  the  same  is  of  Class  "A"  construc- 
tion. 

Sec.  56.  In  buildings  of  Class  "D" 
more  than  two  stories  in  height,  used  or 
designed  to  be  used  as  hotels,  apartment 
houses.  teneTient  houses,  boarding  houses 
or  lodging  houses,  all  corridors,  hallways 
and  t>ie  nnde''  s'"de  of  all  stairwavs  not 
constructed  of  fireproof  material  shall  be 
metpl  lathed  pnd  plastered. 

(NOTE— CEE  ALSO  STATE  LAWS 
REGAROING  TENEMENT  HOUSES, 
HOTELS,  LOOPING  HOUSES  AND 
DWELLING    HOUSES. 

Sec.  57.  Certiin  Factory  Buildings  to 
be  of  Class  "A,"  "B"  or  "C."  Every 
building  more  than  three  stories  in  height 
used  for  factory  purposes  shall  be  of 
Class  "A,"  Class  "B"  or  Class  "C"  con- 
struction. 

BUILDINGS  CONTAINING  A  CHURCH, 
LECTURE  ROOM,  MUSIC  OR  OTHER 
PUBLIC  HALL,  OR  ASSEMBLY 
ROOM. 

Sec.  58.  Any  building  or  portion  thereof 
built  for  or  intended  to  be  used  as  a 
church,  lecture  room,  music  or  other  pub- 
lic hall,  or  assembly  room,  shall  in  ad- 
dition to  any  other  requirements  in  this 
ordinance  contained  be  constructed  in  the 
manner  as  follows,  to-wit: 

(a).  Every  room  used  for  housing,  or 
the  installation  of  a  heating  or  ventilat- 
ing plant,  shall  have  brick  or  masonry 
walls  surrounding  the  same,  extending 
from  floor  to  ce'ling.  The  ceiling  of  every 
such  room  shall  be  made  of  reinforced 
concrete,  or  hollow  tile  and  concrete,  plas- 
tered  with  hard-wall   plaster.      All   open- 


ings through  its  walls  into  any  other  part 
of  the  building  shall  be  protected  by 
standard  hre  doors  constructed  m  accord- 
ance with  the  specifications  contained  in 
this  ordinance,  or  by  hollow  metal  sash 
wiih  wued  glass  set  in  hollow  metal 
frames. 

(b).  The  under  side  of  every  stairway 
and  gallery,  both  sides  of  all  partitions 
under  same,  both  sides  of  every  vesti- 
bule partition,  and  the  ceiling  of  every 
vestibule  in  every  such  building  shall  be 
lathed  with  metal  lath  and  plastered;  and 
the  walls,  ceiling  and  partitions  of  every 
basement  or  story  under  any  ropm  used 
as  a  church,  lecture  room,  music  or  other 
public  hall,  or  assembly  room  shall  be 
lathed  with  metal  lath  and  plastered  ex- 
cept as  otherwise  provided. 

(c).  All  seats  in  every  room  in  such 
building  used  as  a  church,  lecture  room, 
music  or  other  public  hall,  or  assembly 
room  shall  be  not  less  than  thirty-two 
inches  from  back  to  back,  measured  in  a 
horizontal  direction.  No  seat  in  such 
room  shall  have  more  than  six  seats  in- 
tervening between  it  and  an  aisle  on  one 
side  of  it  or  the  other,  allowing  twenty 
inches  for  each  seat.  In  computing  the 
accoinmodations  of  assembly  halls  having 
movable  seats,  seven  square  feet  shall  be 
allowed  for  each  person. 

Where  the  seating  capacity  of  any  floor 
in  any  such  church,  lecture  room,  music 
or  other  public  hall,  or  assetnly  room  is 
arranged  to  accommodate  not  more  than 
one  hundred  persons,  there  shall  be  pro- 
vided one  or  more  aisles,  the  aggregate 
width  of  which  shall  be  six  feet,  and  the 
aesregate  width  of  such  aisle  or  aisles 
shall  be  increased  eight  inches  for  the 
seating  capacity  of  each  additional  hun- 
dred persons  or  fractional  part  thereof. 
No  aisle  shall  be  less  than  three  feet  In 
width. 

(d).  Stairs  from  balconies  and  gal- 
leries shall  not  communicate  with  a 
basement  or  cellar.  Alt  stairs  in  each 
flight  shall  have  treads  of  uniform  height, 
and  shall  be  constructed  without  wind- 
ers, and  shall  have  a  strong  hand  rail 
on  each  side  thereof.  Stairways  from 
such  balconies  or  galleries  designed  for 
a  seating  capacity  of  one  hundred  per- 
sons or  fractional  part  thereCif  shall  be 
at  least  four  feet  six  inches  wide,  and 
shall  be  increased  six  inches  in  width 
for  each  additional  hundred  persons  or 
fractional  part  thereof.  If  there  be  two 
or  more  stairways,  the  width  of  each 
shall  be  not  less  than  four  feet  for  a 
total  seating  capacity  of  two  hundred 
persons,  and  shall  be  increased  six  inches 
in  aggregate  width  for  each  additional 
hundred  persons.  No  portion  of  such 
balcony  or  gallery  shall  be  more  than 
fifty  feet  distant  from  a  stairway.  Pro- 
vided, however,  that  a  balcony  or  gal- 
lery seating  fifty  persons  or  less  may  have 
a  stairway  not  less  than  three  feet  wide. 

(e)  The  aggregate  width  of  the  exits 
of  any  such  building  shall  be  at  least 
fifteen  per  cent  greater  than  the  aggre- 
gate width  required  for  the  aisles,  and 
each  balcony  or  gallery  therein  having 
a  seating  capacity  of  one  hundred  per- 
sons or  more  shall  have  an  exit,  separate 
and  d'stinct  from  any  other  exit  from 
the  auditorium,  direct  to  the  vestibule  or 
street.  No  exit  from  such  buliding  shall 
be  less  than  five  feet  in  width  or  seven 
feet  in  height.     The  doors  of  exits  shall 


47 


not  open  immediately  on  a  llight  of  stairs 
but  on  a  platform  or  landing-,  the  length 
and  breadth  of  which  shall  be  not  less 
than  the  width  of  the  exit  opening  lead- 
ing thereto.  All  halls,  vestibules  or  pas- 
sageways used  as  exits  in  such  buildings, 
shall  be  provided,  with  lighting  facilities, 
and  all  fixtures  shall  be  not  less  than 
seven  feet  above  the  flooi-. 

(f)  Inclined  floors  in  public  buildings 
shall  not  have  a  steeper  gradient  than 
one    in    ten. 

(g)  Every  public  building  shall  be  pro- 
vided with  separate  toilet  accommoda- 
tions for  men  and  women,  such  accom- 
modations to  be  adequate  and  easily  ac- 
cessible. 

Sec.  59.  Theatres.  All  theatres  and 
theatre  buildings  shall  be  of  Class  "A" 
.onstruulion  tiu-oughout.  No  building 
which,  at  the  time  of  the  passage  of  this 
ordinance,  is  not  in  actual  use  for  theat- 
rical or  operatic  purposes,  and  no  Ijuild- 
ing  hereafter  erected  not  in  conformitj- 
with  the  requirements  of  this  ordinance, 
shall  be  used  for  theatrical  or  operatic 
performances,  or  for  public  entertain- 
ments of  any  kind,  until  the  same  shall 
have  been  made  to  conform  to  the  re- 
quirements of  this  ordinance.  Xo  build- 
ing herein  described  shall  be  opened  to 
the  public  for  theatrical  or  operatic  pur- 
poses, or  for  public  entertainments  of 
any  kind  until  the  Board  of  Public 
Works  shall  have  issued  a  certificate  in 
writing  stating  that  such  building  con- 
forms .  to  the  requirements  of  this  ordi- 
nance. Xo  such  certificate  shall  be  issued 
unless  there  shall  have  been  first  filed 
with  said  Board  a  statement  in  writing 
signed  by  the  Chief  Engineer  of  the  Fire 
Department,  setting  forth  that  all  ordi- 
nances of  tile  City  relating  to  the  instal- 
lation or  maintenance  of  apparatus,  ap- 
pliances or  equipment  in  theatres  or 
theatre  buildings  for  the  prevention  or 
extinguishing  of  fire  or  for  the  escape  of 
persons  from  such  theatre  or  theatre 
building  have  been  complied  with.  The 
City  Clerk  shall  refuse  to  issue  any  li- 
cense for  any  performance  in  any  such 
building  until  a  certificate  in  writing  ot 
such  approval  shall  have  been  given  by 
said  Board  of  Public  Works:  provided, 
however,  that  the  i)rovisions  of  this  or- 
dinance regulating  the  construction  and 
maintenance  of  theatres  shall  not  apply 
to  public  school  buildings  under  the  juris- 
diction of  the  lioard  of  Education  of  the 
<'ity  of  Los  Angeles. 

Provided,  however,  that  the  provisions 
of  said  ordinance  regulating  the  installa- 
tion of  standpipes,  sprinkler  systems, 
and  a  proscenium  curtain  in  buildings 
used  for  theatres,  shall  apply  to  an>'  pub- 
lic .school  building  under  the  jurisdiction 
of  the  said  Board  of  Education,  which 
school  building  or  any  room,  hall  or  audi- 
torium therein  is  used  or  designed  to  be 
used  for  public  entertainments  or  the 
presentation  of  plays,  operas,  spectacles 
OT-  similar  forms  of  entertainments,  in 
the  event  that  the  stage  constructed, 
erected  or  maintained  in  any  such  room, 
hall  or  auditorium  be  equipped  with 
movable  scenery,  scene  lofts,  fly  galleries 
oi-  an.\-  or   all   of  the  same. 

Sec.  60.  Theatres — Frontage  and 
Courts.  Every  theater  or  theatre  build- 
ing shall  have  at  least  one  frontage  on  a 
street,  and  in  such  fi-ontage  there  shall 
be  suitable  means  of  entrance  and  exit 
for  the  audience.  In  addition  to  the 
aforesaid  entrances  and  exits  on  a  street. 


there  shall  be  an  open  court  or  space  on 
the  side  thereof  not  bordering  on  a 
street,  where  said  building  is  located  on 
a  corner  lot  and  on  both  sides  of  said 
building,  where  there  is  but  one  front- 
age theieof  on  a  street.  The  width  of 
such  open  court  or  courts  shall  be  not 
less  than  six  feet  where  the  seating 
capacity  of  such  theater  is  not  more 
than  one  thousand  persons;  where  such 
seating  capacity  is  more  than  one  thou- 
sand persons  and  not  more  than  fifteen 
hundred  persons  such  court  shall  be  eight 
feet  in  width,  and  where  such  seating 
capacity  is  more  than  fifteen  hundred 
persons  such  court  shall  be  ten  feet  in 
width.  Such  open  court  or  courts  shall 
begin  on  a  line  with  or  near  the  pros- 
cenium wall  of  .such  theater,  and  shall 
extend  the  length  of  the  auditorium 
proper  to  or  near  the  wall  separating  the 
same  from  the  entrance  lobby  or  vesti- 
bule. A  separate  corridor  shall  continue 
to  the  street  or  alley  from  each  such 
open  court  thiough  such  superstructure 
as  may  be  built  on  the  street  side  of  the 
auditorium,  with  continuous  walls  of 
brick  or  fireproof  materials  on  each  side 
of  the  entire  length  of  said  corridor  or 
corridors,  and  the  ceiling  and  floors  of 
such  corridor  shall  be  fireproof.  Such 
corridor  or  corridors  shall  not  be  re- 
duced in  width  to  more  than  five  feet  less 
than  the  width  of  the  open  court  or 
courts,  and  there  shall  be  no  projection 
in  said  corridor  or  corriors;  provided, 
that  in  no  case  shall  an  exit  from  such 
court  be  less  than  five  feet  in  width. 
If  the  outer  end  or  opening  of  such 
court  or  corridor  shall  be  provided  with 
doors  or  gates  the  sanrie  shall  open 
toward  the  street.  During  the  per- 
formance in  such  theater  every  door  or 
gate  in  any  such  coi-ridor  shall  be  kept 
open  by  proper  fastenings;  at  other 
times  the  same  may  be  closed  and  fast- 
ened by  movable  bolts  or  locks.  The  said 
open  courts  or  corridors  shall  not  be 
used  for  storage  purposes,  or  for  any 
purpose  whatsoever  except  for  exit  from 
and  entrance  to  the  auditorium  and 
stage,  and  inust  be  kept  free  and  clear 
of  obstruction  during  performances  in 
such  theater.  In  the  event  any  opening 
should  occur  in  any  wall  of  any  such 
corridor,  such  opening  shall  be  protected 
by  a  fire  door  or  by  rolling  steel  shutters 
constructed,  arranged  and  hung  as  pro- 
vided in  Section  141  of  this  ordinance. 
Every  such  corridor  at  the  front  entrance 
to  the  building  shall  be  level  with  the 
sidewalk  where  the  same  begins  at  the 
street    entrance. 

Provided,  that  in  any  case  where  a 
public  alley  not  less  than  twenty  feet 
in  width  terminates  at  the  side  of  the 
auditorium  of  a  theater,  the  court  ex- 
tending along  such  side  of  such  audi- 
torium need  not  exceed,  in  any  case,  six 
feet  in  width  and  shall  have  not  less 
than  two  exits  opening  into  such  alley, 
which  exits  shall  be  of  the  width  re- 
quired   by    this    ordinance. 

The  entrance  in  the  main  front  of  the 
building  shall  not  be  on  a  lower  level 
than  the  sidewalk,  and  shall  be  not  inore 
than  twenty-eight  inches  above  the  side- 
walk, and  gradients  shall  be  exclusively 
used  in  all  exits  and  approaches  from  the 
fii'st    floor   levels    to    the    street    or   alley. 

The  proscenium  opening  of  every  thea- 
ter    shall     be     parallel     to     the     principal 


48 


street  frontage  of  the  building  in  which 
such  theater  is  located,  and  the  foyer  and 
lobby,  or  foyer  or  lobby,  of  such  theatei- 
shall  extend  at  substantially  right  angles 
to  such  proscenium  opening  and  to  such 
principal  street  frontage.  For  the  pur- 
poses of  this  section  no  alley,  place  oj- 
court  shall  be  considered,  deemed  or  held 
to    be    a    street. 

Sec.  61.  Theater  on  Corner  Lot. 
Special  Requirements  Under  Certain 
Conditions.  In  a  theater  building,  or  a 
building  in  which  a  theater  is  located  on 
a  corner  lot,  that  portion  of  the  premises 
bordering  on  the  street  and  not  required 
for  use  of  the  theater  may,  if  such  por- 
tion be  not  more  than  twenty-five  feet  in 
width,  be  used  for  offices,  stores  or 
apartments,  provided  the  walls  sep- 
arating such  portions  of  such  building 
from  the  theater  proper  are  carried 
up  solidly  without  openings  to  and 
through  the  roof,  and  that  a  fireproof 
passage  or  corridor  be  provided  for  each 
gallery,  equal  in  width  to  the  combined 
width  of  the  exits  from  the  gallery  of  the 
theater  which  it  is  intended  to  accom- 
modate; such  passage  or  corridor  shall 
lead  directly  to  the  street  by  means  of 
fireproof  stairs,  or  may  run  on  a  level  di- 
rectly through  the  face  of  that  portion  of 
the  building  bordering  on  the  street  to 
balconies  and  stairs  leading  to  the 
ground  as  hereinbefore  provided:  or  a 
fireproof  court  shall  be  provided  as  else- 
where described  in  this  ordinance.  There 
shall  be  no  means  of  communication  be- 
tween said  passages,  corridors,  courts, 
or  balconies  and  stairs,  and  the  office 
store  and  apartment  section  of  the  build- 
ing. 

Sec.  62.  Theatres — Foyers,  Lobbies,  Etc. 
The  aggregate  capacity  of  the  foyers, 
lobbies,  corridors,  passages  and  rooms  foi' 
the  convenience  of  the  audience,  not  in- 
cluding aisle  space  or  the  space  between 
seats,  in  every  theater  or  portion  of  a 
building  used  as  a  theater,  shall  on  each 
floor  and  gallery  thereof  be  sufficient  to 
contain  the  entire  number  to  be  accom- 
modated on  said  floor  or  gallery  in  the 
ratio  of  one  hundred  and  fifty  superficial 
square  feet  of  floor  room  for  every  one 
hundred  persons.  Gradients  or  inclined 
planes  shall  be  employed  instead  of 
steps  to  overcome  differences  of  level  in 
or  between  the  aisles  on  the  main  floor 
and  in  the  corridors  and  passages  lead- 
ing from  all  floors  or  galleries  of  any 
such    theater. 

Sec.  63.  Theaters — Interior  Walls. 
Fireproof  walls  shall  separate  the  audi- 
torium of  such  theater  from  the  entrance 
vestibule,  and  from  any  room  or  rooms 
over  such  vestibule,  from  any  lobbies, 
corridors,  refreshment  or  other  rooms. 
All  staircases  for  the  use  of  the  audience 
of  such  theater  shall  be  enclosed  with 
walls  of  masonry,  or  of  fireproof  mater- 
ials. The  openings  to  the  stircases 
from  each  gallery  in  said  theater  shall 
be  full  width  of  said  staircases.  No 
door  shall  open  immediately  upon  a 
flight  of  stairs,  but  a  landing  at  least 
the  width  of  the  door  shall  be  provided 
between  such  stairs  and  such  door. 
Kvery  such  stairway  landing  shall  be 
capable  of  sustaining  a  load  of  not  less 
than  one  hundred  pounds  per  square  foot 
with  factor  of  safety  of  four,  and  shall 
be    of    fireproof   construction. 

Sec.    64.      Theaters — Proscenium    Wall. 


.^  fire  wall,  built  of  masonry,  shall 
separate  the  auditorium  of  every  thea- 
ter from  the  stage  thereof,  and  such  wall 
shall  extend  at  least  four  feet  above  the 
stage  roof,  or  the  auditorium  roof,  if  the 
latter  be  the  higher.  Above  the  pros- 
cenium opening  there  shall  be  an  iron, 
steel  or  reinforced  concrete  girder. 
Should  there  be  constructed  an  orchestra 
balcony  above  the  stage  and  above  the 
proscenium  opening,  such  orchestra  bal- 
cony shall  be  placed  on  the  auditorium 
.«ide  of  the  proscenium  fire  wall,  and  shall 
be  entered  only  from  the  auditorium  side 
of  said  wall.  The  moulded  frame  around 
the  proscenium  openings  shall  be  con- 
structed entirely  of  fireproof  materials. 
If  metal  is  used  said  metal  shall  be  filled 
in  solid  to  such  proscenium  wall  with 
noncombustible  material  and  securely  an- 
chored to  such  wall  with  iron.  The 
pi-osceniuiu  opening  shall  be  provided 
with  a  fireproof  curtain  of  asbestos  or 
other  fireproof  material,  and  shall  slide 
at  each  end  within  iron  grooves  securely 
fastened  to  the  biick  wall,  and  shall  ex- 
tend into  such  iron  grooves  to  a  depth 
of  not  less  than  six  inches  on  each  side 
of  the  opening.  Said  fireproof  curtain 
shall  be  raised  at  the  commencement  of 
each  performance  and  lowered  at  the 
clo.'-e  thereof,  and  shall  be  operated  by 
machinery  for  that  purpose,  and  shall 
be  balanced  in  such  manner  that  it  will 
Ide  dow^n  automatically  when  released. 
In  any  theater  constructed  after  the  date 
this  ordinance  becomes  effective  said 
firepioof  curtain  shall  be  constructed, 
operated,  maintained  and  hung  in  ac- 
cordance with  the  following  specifica- 
tions: 

Said  fireproof  curtain  shall  have  a 
pocket  the  entire  width  thereof,  at  the 
top  and  bottoin  of  said  curtain  for  pipe 
battens.  The  top  pipe  batten  shall  be 
two  inches  in  diameter,  and  the  bottom 
batten  shall  be  one  and  one-half  inches 
in  diameter,  said  battens  to  be  reinforc- 
ed at  every  joint  with  not  less  than  a  six 
foot  section  of  pipe  housed  and  riveted, 
the  ends  of  said  top  batten  to  have  forged 
eye  iDlugs  riveted  thereto,  reamed  for 
guide   rope   and   the    eye   plug   hardened. 

The  ends  of  said  bottom  batten  shall 
have  plug  threaded  for  a  thiee-quarter 
inch  guide  pipe  to  be  eight  inches  long 
and  to  be  reamed  at  the  ends.  The  edges 
of  said  curtain  to  have  not  less  than  a 
three  inch  hem,  thoroughly  stitched,  with 
metal  guides  on  twelve  inch  centers,  to 
be  fastened  to  said  curtain  with  not  less 
than  three  rivets.  Said  curtain  to  have 
flexible  iron  guide  wires  in  the  grooves, 
on  the  side  of  proscenium  wall  of 
not  less  than  number  10  gauge,  said  iron 
guide  wires  shall  pass  through  all  the 
metal  guides  on  the  edges  of  said  cur- 
tain, and  shall  be  provided  with  turn- 
buckles  to  keep  the  guide  wires  tight. 
There  shall  be  not  less  than  three  safety 
stay-chains  for  every  twenty-five  feet  of 
said  proscenium  opening  and  one  stay- 
chain  for  every  ten  feet  or  fraction  there- 
of over  twenty-five  feet  of  said  proscen- 
ium opening.  The  counterweight  rope 
straps  for  said  curtain  shall  be  reamed 
for  wire  rope  thimbles,  and  said  safety 
stay-chains  shall  be  straight  link,  in  or- 
der to  prevent  fouling.  The  top  batten  of 
said  curtain  shall  be  provided  with  forged 
iron  straps,  to  which  said  safety  stay- 
chains    shall    be    fastened    to    said    pros- 


49 


ceiiium  wall  by  bolts  seven-eights  of  an 
inch  in  diameter,  passing  entirely  thiough 
said  wall.  The  Links  of  said  safety  stay- 
chain  shall  not  be  less  than  one-quarter 
inch  in  diameter  and  shall  be  welded 
links.  Said    counterweight    ropes    shall 

have  turnbuckles  at  counterweights,  in 
order  to  trim  said  curtain.  Said  coun- 
terweights to  be  placed  in  T  iron  or 
channel  iron  guides  on  the  side  wall,  and 
the  said  guide  ropes  to  have  turnbuckles. 

The  sheaves  for  counterweights  of  said 
curtains  to  be  not  less  than  twelve  inches 
diameter,  with  ball  or  roller  bearings. 
Said  sheaves  to  be  placed  on  iron  brack- 
ets, said  brackets  to  be  fastened  by  bolts 
passing  entirely  through  said  proscenium 
wall,  and  so  placed  that  said  ropes  will 
not  drag  or  chafe.  All  said  sheaves  to  be 
properly  grooved   for   said   ropes. 

The  working  line  of  said  curtain  shall 
be  flexible  iron  tiller  rope,  of  not  less  than 
five-eights  of  an  inch  diameter,  attach- 
ed to  top  and  bottom  of  said  counter- 
weights and  shall  pass  through  the  fly 
and  stage  floor,  with  suitable  tightener 
sheaves  under  said  stage  floor  to  keep 
said    working  line    taut. 

All  openings  in  said  floors  shall  have 
lignum  vitae  bushings  installed  to  pre- 
vent chafing  of  said  working  line.  Said 
working  line  to  be  placed  as  near  the 
exits  to  proscenium  opening  as  possible. 
Said  working  line  to  be  fastened  to  said 
top  batten  of  said  curtain  with  forged 
iron  straps,  reamed  for  wire  rope  thim- 
bles. 

Said  proscenium  curtains  shall  be 
placed  at  least  three  feet  distant  from 
the  foot  lights  at  the  nearest  point.  No 
doorway  or  opening  through  the  pros- 
cenium wall,  from  the  auditorium,  shall 
be  allowed  above  the  level  of  the  first 
floor,  and  such  first  floor  openings  shall 
have  fireproof  doors  on  each  face  of  .said 
wall,  and  the  doors  shall  be  hung  so  as 
to  open  fiom  either  side  at  all  times. 

Sec.  65.  Theaters — Partitions.  The 
walls  separating  the  dressing  rooms 
from  the  stage  and  the  partitions  divid- 
ing the  dressing  rooms,  together  with  the 
partitions  of  every  passageway  from 
such  dressing  rooms  to  the  stage,  and 
all  other  partitions  on  or  about  the  stage 
shall  be  constructed  of  fireproof  matei- 
ial.  All  doors  in  any  of  the  said  parti- 
tions shall  be  fire  doors.  All  shelving 
and  cupboards  in  each  and  every  dress- 
ing room,  property  room  or  other  stor- 
age rooms  shall  be  constructed  of  metal, 
slate  or  other  equally  efficient  fireproof 
material.  Dressing  rooms  may  be  placed 
in  the  fly  galleries,  provided  that  proper 
exits  are  secured  therefrom  to  the  tivf 
escapes  in  the  open  courts,  and  the 
stairs  leading  tc  the  same  shall  be  fire- 
proof. The  dressing  rooms  shall  have 
an  independent  exit  leading  directly  into 
a  court  or  street,  and  shall  be  ventilated 
by  windows  in  the  external  wall  or  other- 
wise. No  dressing  room  shall  be  more 
than   one   story  below   street   level. 

All  windows  in  any  theater,  except 
those  of  street  front,  shall  have  metal 
frames  and  metal  sash,  glazed  with  wire 
glass  not  less  than  one-fourth  inch  thick. 
All  windows  to  dressing  rooms  shall  be 
made  to  open  and  shall  not  be  obstructed 
with   grills   or  bars. 

Sec.  66.  Theaters — Stage  and  Other 
Floors.  All  floors  throughout  the  entire 
theater    building,     or    the    portion    of     a 


building  used  as  a  theatre,  shall  be  of 
Class  "A"  construction,  except  that  that 
portion  of  the  stage  immediately  back  of 
the  proscenium  opening,  and  of  equal 
width  with  such  proscenium  opening,  inay 
be  of  wood  construction.  Provided,  how- 
ever, that  a  finishing  covering  of  wooden 
flooring  boards  on  wood  sleepers,  em- 
bedded in  concrete,  may  be  laid  in  other 
portions  of  such  structure,  except  in  the 
fly    galleries    thereof. 

The  pin  rails,  rigging  loft  and  gridiron 
and  all  other  flxtures  about  the  stage  of 
such  building,  or  portion  thereof,  shall  be 
of  iron  or  steel  or  other  flreproof  ma- 
terial. 

Sec.  67.  The  foyer  or  entrance  lobby  oi' 
the  foyer  and  entrance  lobby  of  ever\- 
theater  designed  to  seat  not  more  than 
six  hundred  persons,  on  the  first  flooi- 
and  first  gallery  floor  thereof,  shall  have 
a  uniform  width  of  not  less  than  six- 
teen feet,  and  the  width  thereof  where 
said  seating  capacit\-  is  designed  for 
more  than  six  hundred  persons,  shall  be 
increased  in  the  ratio  of  six  inches  for 
such  additional  fifty  persons  or  fractional 
part  thereof  to  be  seated  in  such  theater 
as   afoi'esaid. 

The  foyer  or  entrance  lobby,  or  the 
foyer  and  entrance  lobby,  of  every  thea- 
ter designed  to  seat  less  than  six  hun- 
dred persons  on  the  first  floor,  or  on  the 
first  floor  and  first  gallery  floor  thereof, 
shall  have  a  uniform  width  of  not  less 
than    sixteen    feet. 

Every  wall  or  partition  extending  to  the 
ceiling  or  otherwise  separating  the  first 
floor  from  the  foyer  or  entrance  lobby 
or  foyer  and  entiance  lobby  .shall  be 
pierced  by  a  doorway  opposite  each  aisle 
in  .such  auditorium,  which  doorway  shall 
be  not  less  than  five  feet  in  width  and 
not  less  than  seven  feet  in  height;  pro- 
vided, however,  that  such  doorways  op- 
posite wall  aisles  shall  be  not  less  than 
four   feet   in   width. 

The  foyer  or  lobby,  or  the  foyer  and 
lobby,  of  every  theater  may  be  used  as  a 
common  exit  for  the  main  floor  and  first 
gallery   only   of   such    theater. 

The  foyer  or  entrance  lobby  of  an>' 
theater  building  constructed  upon  a  cor- 
ner lot.  and  having  a  seating  capacity 
which  requires  such  foyer  or  entrance 
lobby  to  be  more  than  twenty-four  (24) 
feet  in  width,  may  be  consti-ucted  .so  that 
the  main  entrance  lobby  or  foyer  shall 
be  not  less  than  twenty-four  (24)  feet  in 
width,  and  the  additional  width  required 
under  the  provisions  of  this  ordinance  foi- 
any  such  foyer  or  entrance  lobby  over  and 
above  said  twenty-four  (24)  feet,  based 
upon  the  seating  capacity  of  any  such 
building,  as  herein  provided,  may  be  pro- 
vided and  open  into  a  public  street  on 
one  side  of  such  building.  In  no  event, 
however,  shall  such  foyer  or  entrance 
lobby  from  any  such  side  street  be  less 
than  ten  (10)  feet  in  width,  in  the  clear, 
and  provided  further,  that  any  such  foyer 
or  entrance  lobby  shall  extend  from  the 
side  entrance  clear  across  the  theater  to 
the  court  on  the  opposite  side  of  such 
building.  Such  foyer  or  entrance  loblDy 
shall  be  in  no  part  of  a  width  less  than  the 
width  required  foi'  the  entrance  of  any 
such  side  street.  The  side  entrance  proper 
at  the  stieet  entrance  or  end  of  any  such 
fo>-er  or  entrance  lobby  shall  be  distant 
not  more  than  ten  (10)  feet  from  the  near- 
est   line    of   the    sidewalk      of      such      side 


50 


street.  In  any  theater  building  con- 
structed as  provided  in  this  paragraph, 
one  of  the  side  exits  from  the  auditorium 
to  the  side  street,  required  under  the  pro- 
vision of  Section  70  hereof,  may  be 
omitted. 

Sec.  68.  Theaters — Inside  Stairways. 
All  stairs  within  a  theater,  or  in  that 
portion  of  a  building  used  as  a  theater, 
shall  be  constructed  of  fireproof  ma- 
terial throughout.  Stairs  from  balconies 
and  galleries  shall  not  comnaunicate 
with  a  basement  or  cellar.  All  stairs 
in  each  flight  shall  have  treads  of  uni- 
form width  and  risers  of  uniform  height. 
Stairways  in  such  theaters  designed  to 
accommodate  not  more  than  fifty  people 
shall  be  at  least  four  feet  wide,  and  for 
each  fifty  persons  in  addition  to  such 
fifty,  such  stairway  shall  be  increased 
not  less  than  six  inches  in  width.  In 
no  case  shall  the  risers  of  any  stairs  ex- 
ceed seven  and  a  half  inches  in  height: 
nor  shall  the  treads,  exclusive  of  nosings, 
be  less  than  ten  and  a  half  inches  wide. 
No  circular  or  winding  stairs  for  the  use 
of  the  public  shall  be  permitted.  All 
such  staircases  shall  be  of  a  width  pro- 
portionate to  the  seating  capacity  as  in 
this    ordinance   provided. 

At  least  two  independent  stairways 
with  direct  exterior  outlets  shall  be  pro- 
vided for  the  service  of  the  stage,  and 
shall  be  located  on  the  opposite  sides 
thereof.  All  inside  stairways  leading  to 
an  upper  gallery  in  such  theater  shall  be 
enclosed  on  both  sides  with  walls  of  fire- 
proof material.  Stairs  leading  to  the 
first  or  lower  gallery  in  such  theater  may 
be  left  open  on  one  side  only.  "When 
such  straight  stairs  return  directly  on 
themselves,  a  landing  without  steps,  of 
the  full  width  of  both  flights,  shall  be 
provided.  The  outer  line  of  the  wall  of 
such  landing  shall  be  curved  to  a  radius 
of  not  less  than  two  feet.  Such  stairs 
turning  at  arij  angle  shall  have  a  landing 
without  winders  introduced  at  the  turn. 
Where  two  or  more  flights  of  stairs  con- 
nect with  one  main  flight,  no  winders 
shall  be  introduced,  and  the  width  of  the 
main  flights  shall  be  at  least  equal  to  the 
aggregate  width  of  the  side  flights.  All 
such  stairs  shall  have  landings  intro- 
duced at  convenient  distances.  All  inclos- 
ed such  stairways  shall  have  a  hand  rail 
on  each  side  thereof  firmly  secured  to 
the  walls,  not  more  than  two  inches  dis- 
tant therefrom  and  not  more  than  three 
feet  above  such  stairs  or  landing.  Such 
hand  rails  shall  not  be  required  on  level 
platforms  or  landings  which  are  of  greater 
length  than  the  width  of  the  connecting 
stairs.  All  such  stair  cases  eight  feet 
or  more  in  width  shall  be  provided  with 
a  center  hand  rail  of  metal  not  less  than 
two  inches  in  diameter  placed  at  a  height 
of  not  more  than  three  feet  above  the 
treads  and  supported  on  wrought  metal 
or  brass  standards,  placed  not  nearer 
than  four  feet,  nor  more  than  six  feet 
apart,  and  securely  fastened  to  the  stairs. 
The  post  or  standard  to  which  said  hand 
rail  shall  be  secured  at  the  head  of  each 
such  flight  of  stairs  .shall  be  not  less 
than   six   feet   in   height. 

Sec.  69.  Theaters — Aisles  and  Seats. 
All  aisles  on  the  respective  floors  of  the 
theater  having  seats  on  both  sides  of  the 
same  shall  be  not  less  than  three  feet 
six  inches  wide  where  they  begin  and 
shall    be    increased    in    width    toward    the 


exits  in  the  ratio  of  one  and  one-half 
inches  to  five  running  feet.  Aisles  hav- 
ing seats  on  one  side  only  shall  be  not 
less  than  three  feet  wide  at  their  begin- 
ning, and  shall  be  increased  in  width  in 
the  same  ratio   as  other  aisles. 

All  seats  in  the  theater  shall  be  firmly 
secured  to  the  floor,  excepting  those  con- 
tained in  boxes  or  rest  rooms  and  shall 
be  not  less  than  thirty-two  inches  from 
back  to  back  measured  in  a  horizontal 
direction.  No  seat  shall  have  more  than 
six  seats  intervening  between  it  and  any 
aisle.  It  shall  be  unlawful  for  any  per- 
son, firm  or  corporation  to  place  or 
maintain,  or  to  cause  or  permit  to  be 
placed  or  maintained,  any  stool  or  seat 
in  any  aisle  of  any  theater,  or  to  permit 
any  stool  or  seat  to  be  or  remain  in  any 
such  aisle. 

Sec.  70.  Theater  Exits.  In  every  thea- 
ter there  shall  be  not  less  than  two 
exits  from  each  side  of  the  main  floor 
and  each  side  of  every  gallery  into  the 
open  courts  of  such  theater  or  into  a 
street  or  alley.  Each  of  such  exits  shall 
be  not  less  than  five  feet  in  width  and 
shall  open  froin  an  aisle  or  aisles  and 
be  on  the  level  of  the  thereto  connect- 
ing end  of  such  aisle  or  aisles.  The 
doors  of  such  exits  shall  be  made  of 
wood  and  hung  in  wood  frames.'  The 
exterior  of  such  doors  and  the  exterior 
of  such  frames  shall  be  covered  with 
lock-seam  tin  or  pressed  iron,  and  shall 
be  held  shut  by  a  device  which  readily 
yields  to  the  direct  pressure  of  one  per- 
son. All  such  doors  shall  be  hung  to 
open  outwardly,  and  shall  be  hung  and 
arranged  in  such  inanner  as  to  cause  the 
least  obstruction  in  or  to  any  court,  pas- 
sageway,   corridor,    stairway    or    balcony. 

The  exterior  balconies  or  stairs,  and 
balcony  or  stairs,  leading  from  a  gal- 
lery in  every  theater  shall  be  constructed 
of  iron  or  steel  of  sufficient  strength  to 
sustain  a  load  of  eighty  pounds  per 
square  foot  of  floor  area,  with  a  factor 
of  safety  of  four.  Every  such  balcony 
and  stairs  or  balcony  or  stairs  con- 
structed directly  above  any  other  such 
balcony  or  stairs  or  balcony  and  stairs 
shall  have  solid  iron  or  steel  steps  and 
floor.  Every  such  balcony  and  stairs  or 
balcony  or  stairs  shall  be  constructed 
wholly  within  private  property  lines  and 
shall  not  extend  in  whole  or  in  part  over 
or    upon    street    or    sidewalk    lines. 

Sec.  71.  Theaters — Gallery  Fronts  and 
Wainscoting.  In  no  theater  shall  there 
be  more  than  two  galleries  for  the  use  of 
the  public;  all  parts  of  every  gallery  or 
box  in  every  theater,  except  the  balus- 
trade capping,  shall  be  formed  of  fire- 
proof material ;  provided,  however,  that 
wainscoting  of  wood  may  be  used  to  a 
height  not  to  exceed  six  feet,  provided 
such  wainscoting  is  backed  solidly  by 
fireproof  walls   or  partitions. 

Sec.  72.  Theaters — Stairways  and  Exits 
from  Balconies  and  Galleries.  lOvery  bal- 
cony or  gallery  in  a  theater  shall  have 
at  least  two  exits  and  stairways  con- 
necting therewith.  One  of  such  exits  and 
stairways  shall  be  located  on  each  side 
of  such  balcony  or  gallery;  each  of  such 
exits  shall  be  not  less  than  five  feet  in 
width,  where  such  balcony  or  gallery  has 
a  seating  capacity  of  less  than  seven 
hundred  and  fifty  persons.  Where  such 
balcony  has  a  seating  capacity  of  more 
than  seven  hundred  and  fifty  persons,  an 


51 


additional  exit  and  stairway  separate 
and  apart  from  every  other  exit  and 
stairway  and  leading  directly  to  the  street 
shall  be  piovided. 

Every  stairway  from  the  topmost  gal- 
lery of  every  theater  shall  be  constructed 
without  windei's  and  shall  lead  directly 
to  the  street,  and  shall  be  fireproof  and 
enclosed  by  fireproof  walls  and  ceilings; 
said  walls  shall  have  no  openings  there- 
in other  than  window  openings,  contain- 
ing metal  frames  with  metal  sash  glazed 
with  wire  glass  not  less  than  one-touith 
inch  thick.  Every  such  stairway  shall 
be  not  less  than  four  feet  in  width  and 
such  width  shall  be  increased  six  inches 
for  each  and  every  one  hundred  persons, 
or  fraction  of  one  hundred  persons,  which 
such  stairway  is  designed  to  accommo- 
date. 

Sec.  73.  Theaters — Ventilation  of 
Stage.  There  shall  be  provided  over  the 
stage  of  every  theater  and  directly  to 
and  through  the  ceiling  thereof,  and  to, 
through  and  at  least  ten  feet  above  the 
roof  of  the  building  in  which  said  theater 
is  located,  two  metal  flues,  each  of  which 
shall  be  at  least  thirty-six  inches  in  di- 
ameter, and  shall  be  securely  stayed. 
The  tops  of  such  flues  inay  be  closed  with 
an  over-balanced  metal  disc,  hinged  at 
one  side  thereof,  and  held  closed,  or 
nearly  so,  by  a  metal  catch.  Said  catch 
shall  be  liberated  by  a  wire  or  metal  cord 
in  each  fly  gallery  marked:  "To  ventilate 
stage  and  clear  of  smoke,  pull  this  cord"; 
also  by  a  closed  electric  circuit,  oper- 
ated fiom  the  fly  galleries  and  from  the 
box  office,  by  a  lever  marked,  "To  ven- 
tilate stage  and  clear  of  smoke,  push 
this   lever    to   the   right." 

Sec.  74.  Theaters — Liqhts  Over  Ex'ts. 
Over  every  exit  from  a  theater  and  not 
more  than  one  foot  above  such  exit  and 
on  the  inside  thereof,  there  shall  be 
placed  and  maintained  a  metal  box,  the 
front  of  which  ^hall  be  of  colored  glass 
upon  which  shall  be  inscribed  or  out- 
lined in  visible  letters  not  less  than  five 
inches  in  height  the  word  "EXIT." 
There  shall  be  placed  and  maintained 
within  each  such  metal  box  a  lamp  in 
which  only  mineral,  soerm  or  other  non- 
explosive  oil  is  burned,  or  not  less  than 
two  incandescent  electric  lamps  of  not 
less  than  eight  candlepower  each.  If 
such  incandescent  lamps  are  used  each  of 
such  lamps  in  such  box  shall  be  con- 
nected to  a  circuit  independent  of  the 
other  such  lamp  and  one  of  such  circuits 
shall  be  supplied  from  a  source  of  energy 
other  than  that  from  which  the  remain- 
der of  the  lights  in  such  theater  are  sup- 
plied. All  such  lamps  shall  be  lighted 
previous  to  a  performance  and  before 
the  opening  of  the  doors  to  such  theater, 
and  shall  be  kept  continuously  lighted 
imtil  the  audience  shall  have  departed 
from    the    premises. 

Sec.  75.  Theaters — Workshop,  Stor- 
age Room,  Property  Rooms,  Etc.  No 
woikshop.  storage  or  general  property 
loom  shall  be  allowed  on  the  auditorium 
side  of  the  proscenium  wall,  nor  above 
nor  under  the  stage,  nor  in  any  of  the 
fly  ealleries  of  any  theater.  All  such 
rooms  or  shops  may  be  located  in  the 
rear  or  at  the  side  of  the  stage,  but  in 
such  cases  they  shall  be  separated  from 
the  stage  hv  a  brick  wall,  and  the  open- 
ings leading  into  such  portions  shall 
have  fireproof  doors  on  each   side   of  the 


opening  constructed  and  arranged  as 
specified  in  this  ordinance.  No  portion 
of  any  building  hereafter  erected  or  al- 
tered, used  or  intended  to  be  used  for 
theatrical  purposes  shall  be  occupied  or 
used  as  a  hotel,  boarding  or  lodging 
house,  factory,  workshop  or  manufac- 
tory, or  for  storage  purposes,  except  as 
specially  provided  for.  Said  restriction 
relates  not  only  to  that  portion 
of  the  building  which  contains  the  audi- 
torium and  the  stage,  but  applies  also 
to  the  entire  building  in  conjunction 
therewith.  No  store  nor  room  contained 
in  the  building,  nor  the  offices,  stores  or 
apartments  adjoining,  as  aforesaid,  shall 
be  let  or  used  for  carrying  on  any  busi- 
ness dealing  in  articles  designated  as 
especially  hazardous  in  the  classification 
of  the  Board  of  Five  Underwriters  of  the 
Pacific  nor  for  manufacturing  purposes. 
No  lodging  accommodations  shall  be  al- 
lowed in  any  part  of  the  hui'ding  com- 
municating   with    the    auditorium. 

Sec.  76.  Theaters — Boilers  and  Heat- 
ing Apparatus.  No  steam  boiler  or  heat- 
er shall  be  located  under  the  auditorium, 
stage,  property  room  or  main  entrance 
of  any  theater,  and  there  shall  be  no 
communication  between  such  parts  of 
the  theater  and  the  boiler  room  except 
through  the  open  air.  The  space  al- 
lotted to  such  boiler  or  heater  shall 
be  enclosed  by  walls  of  masonry  on  all 
sides,  and  the  floor  and  ceiling  of  such 
enclosure  shall  be  constructed  of  fire- 
proof material.  Every  doorway  in  the 
walls  of  such  enclosure  shall  be  provided 
with  fireproof  doors.  No  floor  register, 
for  heating,  shall  be  placed  in  the  aisle 
of  any  such  theater;  nor  shall  any  coil 
or  radiator  be  placed  in  any  aisle  or 
passageway  thereof  used  as  an  exit 
therefrom,  but  shall  be  placed  in  a  recess 
built  in  the  wall  or  partition  thereof  to 
receive  the  same.  Every  supply,  return 
or  exhaust  pipe  shall  be  properly  en- 
cased and  protected  where  passing 
through   the    floors   or   woodwork. 

Sec.  77.  Theaters — Fire  Protection. 
In  addition  to  the  provisions  of  this  or- 
dinance elsewhere  contained,  every  thea- 
ter shall  be  provided  with  the  apparatus, 
appliances  and  equipment  in  this  section 
provided,    to    wit: 

Standpipes  two  inches  in  diameter  shall 
be  provided  on  every  floor  and  gallery 
as  follnws,  viz.:  One  on  each  side  of 
the  auditorium  in  each  gallery;  one  on 
each  side  of  the  stage  in  each  gallery; 
at  least  one  in  the  property  room  and  one 
in  the  carpenter  shop,  if  the  same  be 
contiguous  to  the  building.  All  such 
standpipes  shall  be  kept  clear  from  ob- 
struction. Said  standpipes  .shall  receive 
their  supply  of  water  direct  froin  the  city 
main  and  may  receive  such  supply  from 
the  sprinkler  system  herein  described. 
To  said  standpipes  shall  be  attached, 
ready  for  immediate  use,  not  less  than 
twenty-five  feet  of  standard  unlined  linen 
one  and  one-half  inch  fire  hose  With 
suitable  nozzle  attached.  Each  length 
of  such  fire  hose  shall  bear  the  label  of 
the  Chicago  Tjabo'-atories,  Inc.,  and  shall 
be  hung  on  a  suitable  rack.  Standpipes 
.'^hall  be  kept  filled  with  ■water  at  all 
times  and   ready  for  immediate   use. 

A  separate  and  distinct  svstem  of 
pines  and  automatic  scinklers  suoDlied 
w"th  w^ter  f'-om  a  separpte  and  direct 
connection  with  a  city  main  shall  be  in- 


52 


stalled,  the  size  of  which  connection  and 
pipe  shall  be  regulated  by  the  number  of 
sprinklers  installed  in  accordance  with 
the    following-    table,    to    wit: 

Maximuin  No.  of 
Size  of  Pipe.                 Sprinklers  Allowed. 
%   inch 1  sprinkler 

1  inch 2  sprinklers 

114  inch 4  sprinklers 

11/2  inch 8  sprinklers 

2  inch - 16  sprinklers 

21/^  inch 28  sprinklers 

3  inch 48  sprinklers 

31/2  inch 78  sprinklers 

4  inch 110  sprinklers 

5  inch 150  sprinklers 

6  inch 500  sprinklers 

Said      sprinklers      shall       be      installed 

throughout  the  entire  stage  section  back 
of  proscenium  openings  as  follows:  Un- 
der the  roof  above  the  stage,  under  the 
floor  of  the  stage,  under  all  fly  galleries, 
in  all  dressing  rooms,  property  rooms, 
carpenter  shops,  paint  rooms,  store 
rooms,  passageways,  and  in  all  places 
back    of   the   proscenium    wall. 

The  number  of  sprinklers  to  be  used 
will  be  determined  b>'  the  amount  of 
area  to  be  sprinkled,  provided  that  for 
each  area  of  sixty-four  (64)  square  feet 
or  fraction  thereof  of  area  herein  re- 
quiaed  to  be  protected  by  such  sprinklers 
there  shall  be  provided  and  set  in  place 
one  such  sprinkler.  A  gate  valve  of  the 
same  area  as  the  connection  at  street 
watei-  main  shall  be  placed  in  the  main 
supply     pipe. 

All  piping  against  a  wall-joist,  girder, 
beam  or  rafter  shall  be  supported  in  a 
substantial  manner  by  wrought  or  cast 
iron  hangers,  and  at  some  convenient 
point  in  the  highest  part  of  the  sprink- 
ler system  .shall  be  placed  a  one-fourth 
inch  pet  cock.  All  sprinklers  shall  be 
hung  in  a  perpendicular  position  unless 
theii'  location  renders  it  impracticable  so 
to  do.  All  lights  in  the  halls,  corridors, 
lobbies  or  any  other  part  of  such  build- 
ing used  by  the  audience,  except  the 
auditorium,  shall  be  controlled  by  a  sep- 
arate shutoff  located  in  the  lobby  and 
controlled  only  from  that  particular 
place.  Gas  mains  supplying  the  build- 
ing shall  have  independent  connections 
for  the  work  shops,  fly  galleries  and 
stage,  and  provision  shall  be  made  for 
shutting  off  gas  outside  of  the  building. 
All  lights  in  passages  and  corridors  in 
such  building  shall  be  protected  with  wire 
netwoi-k. 

Sec.  78.  Theaters — Fire  Department 
Supervision.  It  shall  be  the  duty  of  the 
owner,  agent  or  lessee  of  ever\-  theater 
to  employ  one  or  inore  competent,  ex- 
perienced flreinen,  approved  by  the  Chief 
Engineer  of  the  Fire  Department.  Said 
fireman  shall  report  at  least  once  a 
week  to  the  Chief  Engineei-  of  the  Fire 
Department  at  his  office  and  be  sub- 
ject to  his  orders  at  all  times.  Said 
Chjef  Engineer  of  the  Fire  Department 
shall  keep  a  record  of  the  names  of  all 
such  firemen  and  the  date  upon  which 
each  reports.  Such  fireman  or  firemen 
shall  be  on  duty  in  uniform  at  such  thea- 
tei-  during  the  whole  time  it  is  open  to 
the  public;  and  shall,  before  every  per- 
formance, examine  all  fire  apparatus  re- 
quired by  this  ordinance,  and  see  that 
the  same  is  in  proper  place  and  is  in 
good  working  oi-der.  Such  fireman  or 
firemen   shall   keep   diligent   watch   during 


every  performance  for  fires  and  take 
proinpt  measures  for  extinguishing  any 
fires  that  may  occur,  and  shall  not  be 
required,  or  permitted,  while  on  duty  as 
such  fireman  or  firemen,  to  act  as  scene 
shifter,  or  stage  hand,  or  to  ■  do  any 
other  work  or  perform  any  duties  or  ser- 
vice other  than  as  herein  specified. 

Sec.  79.  The  Mayor  and  inembers  of 
the  City  Council,  the  members  of  the 
Board  of  Public  Works,  the  Inspectors 
of  Buildings,  the  Commissioners  and 
Chiefs  of  the  Fire  Departinent  and  of 
the  Police  Department  shall  have  a  right 
to  enter  at  any  time  any  building  usea 
for  theatrical  or  operatic  purposes  or  for 
public    entertainments    of    any    kind. 

Sec.  80.  Theaters  Now  In  Use — Regu- 
lations. It  shall  be  unlawful  for  any 
person,  firm  or  corporation  to  use,  or  to 
permit  to  be  used  as  a  theater,  as  the 
same  is  defined  in  this  ordinance,  any 
building  or  any  portion  of  any  building, 
in  use  as  a  theater  at  the  time  of  the 
adoption  of  this  ordinance,  unless  such 
building  shall  first  be  inade  to  conform 
to    the    requiiements    of    this    section. 

Proscenium  Curtains.  The  proscenivim 
opening  shall  be  provided  with  a  fire- 
proof curtain  of  asbestos  or  other  fire- 
proof material,  vv^hich  shall  slide  at 
each  end  within  iron  grooves  securely 
fastened  to  the  wall  and  shall  extend  in- 
to such  iron  grooves  to  a  depth  of  not 
less  than  six  inches  on  each  side  of  the 
opening.  Such  fireproof  curtain  shall  be 
raised  at  the  commencement  of  each  per- 
formance and  lowered  at  the  close  there- 
of, and  shall  be  operated  by  machinery 
for  that  purpose,  and  shall  be  hung  from 
the  proscenium  wall  by  means  of  iron  or 
steel  rods,  chains  or  brackets  securely 
fastened  to  such  wall;  and  shall  be  bal- 
anced in  such  manner  that  the  same  will 
slide    down    automatically    when    released. 

Fire  Protection.  Standpipes  two  inches 
in  diameter  shall  be  •  provided  with 
hose  attachments,  as  follows:  One  on 
each  side  of  the  stage  in  each  tier;  one 
in  the  property  I'oom,  and  one  in  the  car- 
penter shop,  if  the  same  is  in  the  build- 
ing, or  contiguous  thereto.  Every  .such 
standpipe  shall  be  kept  free  and  clear 
from  any  obstruction.  To  such  stand- 
pipes  shall  be  attached,  ready  for  im- 
inediate  use,  not  less  than  twenty-five 
feet  of  the  best  quality  of  linen  hose 
with  nozzle  attached.  Such  hose  shall 
be  hung  on  a  suitable  rack.  Stand- 
pipes  shall  be  kept  filled  with  water  at 
all  times  and  ready  for  immediate  use. 

A  separate  and  distinct  systein  of 
pipes  and  automatic  sprinklers,  in  ac- 
cordance with  the  specifications  herein- 
after set  forth,  shall  be  installed  through- 
out the  entire  stage  section  of  the  build- 
ing located  in  the  rear  of  the  proscenium 
wall,  including  under  the  gridiron,  under 
the  galleries,  under  the  stage,  in  all 
paint  rooms,  store  rooms  and  property 
rooms. 

Such  system  of  standpipes,  pipes  and 
automatic  sprinklers  shall  be  supplied 
with  water  from  a  separate  and  direct 
connection  with  a  city  main  water  pipe, 
the  size  of  which  said  connection  shall  be 
regulated  by  the  number  of  such  sprink- 
lers installed  and  such  connection  shall 
be  used  exclusively  for  the  supply  of  wa- 
ter to  such  standpipes,  and  system  of 
pipes    and    automatic    sprinklers. 

The    size    of    pipes    of    such    automatic 


53 


jsprinkler  system,  anil  llie  number  of 
sprinklers  allowed  upon  a  j;ivfn  size  ot 
pipe  shall  be  in  accordance  with  the  fol- 
lowing    specifications: 

Maxinunn    Number 
(if    Sprinklers 
Size  of  ripe.  Allowed. 

^4    inch 1  sprinkler 

1  inch 2  sprinklers 

I'/i  inch 4  sprinklers 

11/2  inch 8  sprinklers 

2  inch IH  sprinkleis 

'ZVs  inch 28  sprinklers 

3  inch 48  sprinkler's 

31/2  inch 78  sprinklers 

4  inch 110  sprinklers 

.5       inch 150  sprinklers 

6       inch 500  sprinklers 

There  shall  be  kept  in  readiness  for 
immediate  use  on  the  stage  at  least  four 
barrels  filled  with  water  and  two  buck- 
ets to  each  bairel,  which  barrels  and 
buckets  shall  be  painted  red  on  the  out- 
side. Kach  such  bai-rel  shall  have  a  ca- 
pacity of  at  least  thiity-six  gallons. 
There  shall  also  be  provided  liquid  chem- 
ical fire  exting'uishers  charged  and  ready 
for  use,  at  least  four  axes,  two  twenty - 
live  foot  hooks,  two  fifteen  foot  hooks 
and  two  ten  foot  hooks  on  the  stage. 
Every  portion  of  the  building  devoted  to 
the  use  of  the  public  and  every  outlet 
leading  to  a  street  or  alley,  including 
open  coui'ts  and  corridors,  .shall  be  well 
lighted  by  electiicity  during  every  per- 
formance, and  shall  remain  so  lighted 
until  the  audience  shall  have  left  the 
premises.  All  lights  in  the  halls,  corri- 
dors, lobbies  or  an>'  other  part  of  such 
building  used  by  the  audience,  except  the 
auditorivnn,  shall  be  controlled  by  a  sep- 
arate shut-off  located  in  the  lobby  and 
controlled  only  from  that  particular 
place.  Gas  mains  supplying  the  build- 
ing shall  have  independent  connections 
for  the  work  shops,  fly  galleries  and 
stage,  and  provision  shall  be  made  for 
shutting  off  gas  outside  of  the  building. 
All  lights  in  passages  and  corridors  in 
such  building  shall  be  protected  with 
wire    net   work. 

Lights  Over  Exits.  Over  every  exit 
from  a  theater  and  not  moie  than  one 
foot  above  such  exit  and  on  the  inside 
thereof  there  shall  be  placed  and  main- 
tained a  metal  box,  the  front  of  which 
shall  be  colored  glass  upon  which  shall 
be  inscribed  or  outlined  in  visible  letters 
not  less  than  thiee  inches  in  height  the 
word  "Exit."  There  shall  be  placed  and 
maintained  within  each  such  metal  box  a 
lamp  in  which  only  mineral,  sperm  or 
othei-  non-explosive  oil  is  burned,  or  not 
less  than  two  incandescent  electric  lamps 
of  not  less  than  eight  candlepower  each. 
If  such  incandescent  lamps  are  used  each 
of  such  lamps  in  such  box  shall  be  con- 
nected to  a  circuit  independent  of  th'' 
other  such  lamp,  and  one  of  such  cir- 
cuits shall  be  supplied  from  a  source  of 
energy  other  than  that  from  which  the 
remainder  of  the  lights  in  such  theater 
are  supplied.  All  such  lamps  shall  be 
lighted  previous  to  a  performance  and 
befoi'e  the  opening  of  the  doors  to  such 
theater,  and  shall  be  kept  contiuously 
lighted  until  the  audience  shall  have  de- 
parted   from    the    premises. 

Exits.  The  doors  of  such  exits  shall 
be  made  of  wood  and  hung  in  wood 
frames.  The  exterior  of  such  doors  and 
the    exterior    of    such    frames    shall      be 


covered  with  lock.'^eam  tin  or  pressed  iron 
and  .-^hall  be  held  shut  by  a  device  which 
readily  yields  to  the  direct  pressure  of 
one  person.  All  such  doors  shall  be  hung 
to  open  outwardl\-,  and  when  open  shall 
not  obstruct  any  court,  passageway,  cor- 
ridor,   stairway    or    balcony. 

Ventilation  of  Stage.  There  shall  be 
l)laced  over  the  stage  through  or  directly 
under  the  ceiling  thereof  ventilating 
openings  of  an  area  equal  to  at  least 
one-twentieth  the  area  of  said  stage 
floor,  or  in  lieu  of  this  there  shall  be 
provided  two  metal  flues  at  least  36 
inches  in  diameter,  and  extending  ten 
feet  above  the  roof  and  securely  stayed  or 
braced.  The  tops  of  these  flues  ma.%' 
remain  open,  or  if  such  flues  are  closed, 
such  closing  shall  bei  done  with  an  over- 
balanced metal  disc  hinged  to  one  side 
thereof,  and  held  closed  by  a  metal  catch: 
said  catch  shall  be  liberated  by  a  wire 
or  metal  cord  in  each  fly  gallery  marked, 
"To  ventilate  stage  and  clear  of  smoke, 
pull  this  cord."  Also  by  a  closed  elec- 
tric circuit,  operated  from  the  fly  gal- 
leries and  from  the  box  office  by  a  lever 
marked,  "To  ventilate  stage  and  clear  of 
smoke,    push   this  lever  to  the   right." 

(NOTE— SEE  SPECIAL  ORDINANCE 
ON    MOVING    PICTURE   THEATERS.) 

Sec.  81.  Fireplaces.  All  fireplaces  and 
chimney  breasts  in  which  mantels  are 
placed  in  anj-  building  shall  have  trim- 
mer arches  to  support  the  hearth.  Such 
arches  shall  be  of  brick,  stone  or  con- 
crete, and  shall  be  at  least  twenty 
inches  wide  measured  from  the  face  of 
the  chimney  breast,  and  their  length  shall 
be  not  less  than  the  width  of  the  chim- 
ney breast.  Wood  centers  shall  be  re- 
moved from  trimmer  arches  of  such  fire- 
places and  chimney  breasts  after  the 
same  are  constructed.  No  tiinber  shall 
be  placed  under  any  trimmer  arch,  fire- 
place or  hearth.  Such  hearths  shall  be 
of  brick,  tile,  stone  or  concrete.  Fire- 
places shall  have  arched  heads  with  an 
iron  arch  bar  over  the  top  of  the  open- 
ing' not  less  than  one- fourth  by  two  and 
one-half  inches,  turtied  up  at  the  ends 
two  inches  on  each  side  of  the  chimney 
breast,  making  a  perfect  bond  for  the 
arch.  All  fireplace  openings  furred  with 
wood  on  the  face  shall  be  surrounded  b.\' 
a  brick  rim  eight  inches  wide  projecting 
four  inches  from  the  breast  of  the  chim- 
ney and  bonded  into  the  brickwork.  The 
firebacks  and  jambs  of  all  fireplaces  shall 
be  of  solid  masonry  not  less  than  eight 
inches  thick.  Every  grate  shall  be  set 
in  a  fireplace  with  a  lining  of  fire  brick 
at  least  two  inches  thick  added  to  the 
fiieback  and  fillefl  solidly  behind  with 
fireproof  material.  I'rovided,  however, 
that  where  soapstone,  tile  or  cast  iron  is 
used  for  setting  such  grate,  such  solid 
filling    shall    not    be    required. 

No  mantel  or  other  woodwork  shall  be 
exposed  back  of  a  Sumner  piece  in  such 
fireplace  or  chimney  breast,  but  the  iron 
work  of  each  Sumner  piece  shall  be  plac- 
ed against  the  brick  or  stonework  of  the 
fii'eplace.  No  fireplace  shall  be  closed 
with    a    wooden    fireboard. 

Sec.  82.  Gas  Water  Heaters.  Every 
gas  heater  heieafter  installed  which  is 
used  or  intetided  to  be  used  for  heating- 
water  shall  be  connected  up  to  its  gas 
supply  with  iron  pipe  of  such  size  as 
elsewhere  pi'escribed  in  this  ordinance, 
and     shall    be    connected    to    a    vent    pipe 


54 


leading  to  and  through  the  roof  of  the 
building  in  which  such  heater  is  in- 
stalled. 

When  it  is  impracticable,  on  account  of 
structural  features  in  a  building,  to  run 
such  vent  pipe  to  and  through  the  roof 
of  the  building,  then  such  vent  pipe  shall 
run  to  the  exterior  wall  and  lun  up  at 
least  four  feet  on  the  outside  of  such 
wall. 

Every  such  vent  pipe  shall  have  an  in- 
ternal area  equal  to  the  internal  area  of 
the  vent  pipe  outlet  on  such  heater.  For 
each  additional  vent  pipe  connected  to 
the  main  vent  pipe,  the  area  of  the  main 
vent  pipe  shall  be  increased  fifty  (.50)  per 
cent  of  the  area  of  the  additional  vent 
pipe    or   pipes    connected    thereto. 

Every  such  vent  pipe  shall  be  con- 
structed   either    of 

(a)  Brick,  in  accordance  with  the  pro- 
visions of  this  Ordinance  for  smoke  flues; 
or 

(b)  Terra  cotta  or  concrete,  with 
joints  securely  cemented  together,  with 
ends  which  fit  one  into  the  other  or  fast- 
ened together  by  means  of  a  galvanized 
iron  sleeve  fitted  to  such  vent  at  each 
joint;   or 

(c)  Galvanized  iron,  enclosed  with  a 
.galvanized  iron  sleeve  extending  the  full 
length  of  the  concealed  portion  of  such 
vent  pipe,  and  so  constructed  with  metal 
spacers  that  there  shall  be  a  clear  air 
space  of  not  less  than  one-quarter  iVi) 
inch  all  around  and  between  such  vent 
pipe  and  sleeve,  and  tlie  exterior  sur- 
face of  every  such  sleeve  shall  be  covered 
with  three  (3)  thicknesses  of  asbestos 
paper;    or 

(d)  Iron  screw  pipe,  enclosed  with  a 
galvanized  iron  sleeve,  or  with  an  iron 
screw  pipe,  extending  the  full  length  of 
the  concealed  portion  of  such  vent  pipe, 
and  so  constructed  with  metal  spacers 
that  there  shall  be  a  clear  air  space  of 
not  less  than  one-quarter  (Vi)  inch  all 
around  and  between  the  two  pipes,  and 
the  exterior  surface  of  every  such  outer 
pipe  or  sleeve  shall  be  covered  with  three 
(3)    thicknesses    of   asbestos   paper. 

Any  such  portion  of  such  vent  pipe 
which  is  not  readily  visible,  and  any  por- 
tion of  such  vent  pipe  erected  in  the  at- 
tic space,  and  any  portion  of  such  vent 
pipe  which  comes  within  three  (3) 
inches  of  any  wood  or  wood  lath  and 
plaster,  shall,  for  the  purpose  of  this 
Ordinance,   be   deemed   to  be   concealed. 

Provided,  however,  every  vent  pipe  or 
portion  thereof  which  is  installed  in  any 
part  of  any  bviilding  other  than  the  space 
below  the  first  floor,  or  in  the  attic 
space,  and  which  is  not  concealed  and 
which  does  not  come  within  three  (3) 
inches  of  any  wood  or  wood  lath  and 
plaster,  may  be  of  copner,  brass  or  iron, 
the  joints  of  which  shall  be  securely  con- 
nected  together. 

No  gas  heater  shall  be  vented  to  any 
pipe,  chimney  or  flue  to  which  there  is 
connected  any  appliance  which  burns 
fuel    other   than    gas. 

No  gas  heater  used  or  intended  to  be 
used  for  heating  water  shall  be  installed 
or  placed  within  six  (6)  inches  of  any 
wood  or  wood  lath  and  plaster,  unless 
such  wood  or  wood  lath  and  plaster  is 
protected  by  means  of  tile,  brick,  con- 
crete, sheet  iron,  or  steel,  or  other  simi- 
lar incombustible  materials.     In  no  event 


shall  such  heater  be  installed  within 
three   (3)   inches  of  any  wall  or  partition. 

No  gas  heater  used,  or  intended  to  be 
used,  for  heating  water  shall  be  installed 
in  any  closet,  offset  or  small  alcove,  \Sn- 
less  such  closet,  offset  or  alcove  is  of 
fireproof  or  fire-resisting  construction. 
Where  fireproof  construction  is  used  it 
shall  be  either  brick,  tile,  concrete  or 
other  hard  fireproof  material  of  a  char- 
acter satisfactory  to  the  Board  of  Public 
Works.  Where  fire-resisting  construction 
is  used,  the  inside  of  the  closet,  offset  or 
alcove,  including  the  inside  surface  of  the 
door,  if  there'  be  such  a  door,  and  the 
floor  and  the  ceiling  thereof  which  is 
within  twelve  (12)  inches  of  any  part  of 
the  gas  water  heater,  shall  be  either 
protected  with  metal  lath  and  plaster  or 
with  three  (3)  thicknesses  of  asbestos 
paper  covered  with  galvanized  iron,  or 
protected  with  similar  fire-resisting  ma- 
terials of  a  character  satisfactory  to  the 
Board    of    Public    Works. 

In  every  bath  room  or  closet  where  any 
such  heater  is  installed  there  shall  be 
provided  an  air  inlet  and  an  air  outlet 
independent  of  door  or  windows.  The 
air  inlet  shall  be  located  in  or  near  the 
floor  and  the  air  outlet  through  the  ceil- 
ing or  in  the  wall  contiguous  thereto. 
The  minimum  area  of  such  air  inlets  and 
outlets  shall  be  thirty-six  (36)  square 
inches. 

Sec.  83.  Gas  Grates — Logs.  Every 
gas  grate,  gas  log  or  other  gas  heating 
appliance  which  is  recessed  in  or  attachea 
to  the  wall  or  partition  of  any  room 
shall  be  installed  in  a  "Fire  Place,"  con- 
structed in  accordance  with  the  provisions 
of  this  Ordinance,  or  such  gas  grate 
or  gas  log  shall  be  surrounded  on  all 
sides  and  over  the  top  by  brick  work  at 
least  eight  (8)  inches  thick.  Every 
gas  grate  or  gas  log  installed  in  any  such 
flre  place  or  when  surrounded  by  eight 
(8)  inches  of  brick  work  as  aforesaid 
shall  be  so  installed  that  fumes  are  con- 
ducted  by   a  vent   to  the  outer  air. 

Every  such  vent  shall  be  constructed 
either   of 

(a)  Brick,  in  accordance  with  the  pro- 
visions of  this  ordinance  for  smoke  flues; 
or 

(b)  Terra  cotta  or  concrete  with  joints 
securely  cemented  together,  with  ends 
which  fit  one  into  the  other,  or  fastened 
together  by  means  of  a  galvanized  iron 
sleeve  fitted  to  such  vent  at  each  joint; 
or 

(c)  Galvanized  iron,  with  joints  lapped, 
riveted  and  soldered,  which  shall  be  en- 
closed in  a  similar  pipe  so  constructed 
with  metal  spacers  that  there  shall  be  a 
clear  air  space  of  not  less  than  one- 
quarter  ( 14 )  inch  all  around  and  between 
the  two  (2)  pipes,  and  the  outer  pipe 
shall  be  covered  with  three  (3)  thick- 
nesses   of    asbestos    paper. 

Every  such  vent  shall  be  not  less  than 
three  (3)  inches  by  twelve  (12)  inches  in 
internal    dimensions. 

Every  such  vent  shall  be  carr'ed  up  to 
and  through   the  roof  of  the  building. 

Provided,  that  any  gas  appliance  other 
than  a  gas  grate  or  gas  log,  recessed  in 
or  attached  to  the  wall,  partition  or  floor 
of  any  buildins,  where  such  gas  appli- 
ance is  intended  to  be  used  for  the  heat- 
ing of  the  building,  may  be  installed 
other  than  as  aforesaid,  when  such  gas 
heating  appliance  is  of  a  type  construct- 


55 


HOYT  AUTOMATIC  HEATERS 

JUST   AS   DURABLE   AND    MORE   SIMPLE   THAN 
ANY  OTHER  MAKE 


Bd 


wy. 


5695 


HOYT   HEATER   COMPANY 

1104  Wilson  St.,   Los  Angeles 


Home    A  9142 


BEFORE 

selecting  your  Water  Heater 

DON'T  FAIL 

to  inspect  the  Fisher  System 
NEW  ADMIRAL 

Automatic    Water    Heater 

Keeps  water  like  a  thermo  bottle a  maxi- 
mum amount  at  a  minimum  cost;  always  hot 
water full   pressure   flow. 

Heavily    insulated reduces    gas    bills. 

Once    lighted    works    automatically. 

No  working  parts standard  in  all  meas- 
urements   and    connections. 

Fisher     Manufacturing     Company 

(Incorporated) 

Office:     416    Bumiller   Building 
Factory:     120  West  Ann  Street 

LOS  ANGELES,   CAL. 

Office.  Main  665  7 Phones Factory,  E.    108 


The   Original   Heater   with  the   Original   Features 

Gold  Medal  N.  Y.  Expo,  of  Safety  and  Sanitation 

Large  Exhibit,  Ground  Floor 
817  S.  Hill  St. 


F1905 


FRANKLIN  &  BOYCE 

SOUTHERN     CALIFORNIA     AGENTS 


Main    1811 


56 


Superbo  Automatic  Water  Heater 

SUPERBO  AUTOMATIC  WATER  HEATERS  are  con- 
structed as  a  huge  Thermos  Bottle,  always  filled  with 
steaming  Hot  Water,  ready  for  instant  use  at  all  times. 
Are  Automatic  and  Thermostatic  in  control  and  .ire 
adjustable,    supplying  water   of   any   heat   desired. 

For  neatness  of  design  and  external  finish  and  appear- 
ance it  has  no  equal.  Each  Heater  is  fully  guaranteed 
for   one   year. 

Manufactured  by  the 

BROMBACHER    IRON    WORKS 
1666-74    Long    Beach    Ave.  Los    Angeles,    Cal. 

Phones:    Sunset  South   943,   Home   22714 

P;it.  No    114i;919  July  20,  1!»J.". 


ed  with  a  conil)u.stioii  chamber  of  iron, 
steel  or  asbestos  board  not  less  than  one- 
eighth  (1-8)  inch  thick  or  a  combination 
of  these  materials  and  enclosed  with  an 
outer  jacket  of  similar  materials,  leaving 
an  air  space  of  at  least  one  (1)  inch 
all  aroimd  the  sides,  top  and  bottom  be- 
tween the  combusion  chamber  and  tlie 
outer  jacket  and  so  installed  in  the  wall, 
partition  or  floor  tliat  no  wood  work  will 
be  nearer  than  one  (1)  inch  to  any  part 
of  such  gas  heating  appliance;  except  the 
iron  flange  on  the  front  if  installed  in  the 
wall  or  partition  or  the  iron  flange  on  the 
top  thereof,  if  installed  in  the  floor,  and 
that  the  wood  work  under  or  around 
such  iron  flange  be  protected  with  asbes- 
tos board  not  less  than  one-eighth  of  an 
inch  in  thickness,  said  asbestos  board  to 
be  placed  between  such  wood  work  and 
the  iron  flange,  and  provided  further  that 
all  of  the  wood  work  that  comes  within 
twelve  (12)  inches  of  any  part  of  the  gas 
burners  in  any  such  gas  heating  appli- 
ance, shall  be  protected  with  one-quaner 
CA)  inch  asbestos  or  such  one-quarter 
(1,4)  inch  asbestos  may  be  securely  placed 
or  fastened  to  the  outer  jacket  of  the  ap- 
pliance, except  that  the  one-quarter  (%) 
inch  asbestos  may  be  omitted  on  any 
type  of  gas  heating  appliance  which  Is 
constructed  with  a  cast  iron  combustion 
chamber  having  not  less  than  two  air 
spaces  between  the  combustion  c»iamt)er 
and  the  outer  jacket  and  having  the  out- 
er jacket  covered  with  asbestos  paper  of 
a  weight  of  'lot  less  than  twenty  (20) 
pounds  to  the  one  hundred  (100)  square 
feet. 

Every  such  gas  appliance  whicii  is  pro- 
vided with  a  vent  outlet  irom  the  com- 
bustion chamber,  shall  be  caren,uiy  con- 
nected with  a  vent  pipe  which  shall  ex- 
tend to  the  outlet  air. 

Every  such  vent  pipe,  or  flue,  shall 
have  an  internal  area  equal  to  the  inter- 
nal area  of  the  vent  pipe  outlet  on  such 
gas  appliance.  For  each  additional  vent 
pipe  connected  to  the  main  vent  pipe, 
the  area  of  the  main  vent  pipe  shall  be 
increased  fifty  (.50)  per  cent  of  the  area 
of  the  additional  vent  pipe  or  pipes  con- 
nected thereto.  In  all  other  respects 
such  vents  shall  be  constructed  as  in  this 


ordinance  provided  for  gas  water  heaters. 

Sec.  84.  Gas  Meters.  Every  gas  me- 
ter hereafter  installed  in  any  building, 
except  as  hereinafter  provid-id,  shall  be 
a  "C;ast  iron  meter"  and  all  connection 
to  such  gas  meter  shall  be  "solid,  iron 
l)ipe  connections;"  provided,  however, 
that  the  provisions  of  this  section  shall 
not  api)ly  to  any  tin  meter  temporarily 
installed  during  the  time  required  to  ad- 
just or  repair  any  such  tin  meter  re- 
moved for  the  said  purpose  of  adjustment 
or  repair.  No  gas  meter  shall  be  located 
under  any  stairway  of  any   building. 

The  provisions  of  this  Section  shall  not 
a))ply  to  dwellings  located  outside  of  Fire 
l)istricts  No.    1   and   No.    2. 

Sec.  85.  Heating  Furnaces.  The  top 
of  every  heating  furnace  set  in  brick 
shall  be  covered  with  sheet  iron  and 
l)riek  so  constructed  as  to  Vje  perfectly 
tight  and  shall  be  supported  by  iron  bars 
with  at  least  two  inches  of  sand  on  top 
of   the   brick. 

The  top  of  every  portable  heating  fur- 
nace and  every  smoke  pipe  shall  be  not 
less  than  two  feet  from  the  under  side 
of  the  nearest  joists  or  girders,  where 
sucli  joists  or  girders  are  of  wood,  ex- 
cepting where  said  joists  or  girders  are 
protected  by  metal  furring  strii)s  one  and 
one-half  inches  deep  and  metal  plates  or 
plaster  on  metal  lath;  but  in  no  case 
shall  the  top  of  the  furnace  or  smoke 
I)ipe  be  nearer  than  fifteen  inches  to  the 
under  side  of  the  nearest  wood  joists  or 
girders.  Such  protection  above  such  fur- 
nace or  smoke  pipe  shall  extend  not  less 
than  one  foot  on  each  side  of  such  smoke 
pipe  and  two  feet  on  all  sides  of  such 
furnace.  Every  furnace  used  for  heat- 
ing purposes  shall  be  set  on  a  masonry 
floor,  and  no  woodwork  or  wood  lath 
and  plaster  shall  be  within  two  feet  of 
such  furnace,  unless  said  woodwoilc  or 
wood  lath  and  plaster  is  protected  by 
metal  furring  one  and  one-half  inches 
deep  and  metal  plates  or  plaster  on  metal 
lath,  and  in  no  case  shall  such  woodwork 
be  nearer  than  fifteen  inches  to  either 
smoke    pipe   or   furnace. 

Where  petroleum  or  any  product  of 
petroleum  is  used  as  fuel  for  a  furnace, 
the  said  furnace  shall   be  sunli  in  a  con- 


57 


Crete  or  masonry  pit,  with  a  concrele 
floor  sunk  not  less  than  six  inches  l)elow 
the  surrounding  floor  level,  such  pit  to 
be  at  least  two  feet  wider  on  all  sidoK 
than    the    furnace. 

No  sniokepipe  from  a  furnace  shall  en- 
ter the  same  flue  to  which  the  exhaust 
from  an  automatic  gas  heater  or  gas 
water    heater    is    connected. 

GAS     FURNACES. 

Sec.  851/2.  Gas  Furnaces.  No  ^as  fur- 
nace used,  or  intended  to  be  used,  for 
heating  air,  shall  be  set  upon  a  wood 
floor  unless  such  wood  floor  be  protected 
with  a  layer  of  galvanized  sheet  iron 
with  three  (3)  thicknesses  of  asbestos 
Ijaper  between  such  wood  floor  and  the 
galvanized  sheet  iron,  or  unless  such 
wood  floor  be  protcted  with  brick,  terra 
cotta   tile  or   concrete. 

Every  such  furnace  shall  be  provided 
and  connected  with  a  vent  pipe.  Every 
such  vent  pipe  shall  be  not  less  in  inter- 
nal area  than  the  size  of  the  internal 
area  of  the  fume  outlet  from  the  gas  fur- 
nace, and  shall  extend  from  the  furnace 
to  the  exterior  of  the  building  in  which 
such  furnace  is  located.  The  otiter  end 
of  every  such  vent  pipe  shall  be  provided 
with  a  hood  connection.  No  metal  vent 
pipe  shall  be  nearer  than  six  (6)  inches 
to  any  wood  or  wood  lath  and  plaster, 
unless  such  wood  or  wood  lath  be  pro- 
tected with  metal  lath  and  plaster  or 
with  three  (3)  thicknesses  of .  asbestos 
paper  covered  with  a  layer  of  galvanized 
sheet  metal  or  with  some  other  similar 
fire-resisting  material  satisfactory  to  the 
Board  of  Public  Works,  or  unless  such 
vent  pipe  be  constructed  of  galvanized 
iron  enclosed  with  a  pipe  of  similar  ma- 
terials so  constructed  with  metal  spacers 
as  to  leave  at  least  one-quarter  (V4)  inch 
air  space  between  the  two  (2)  pipes,  and 
that  the  outer  pipe  be  covered  with  three 
(3)    thicknesses   of  asbestos   paper. 

Every  such  vent  pipe  from  a  gas  fur- 
nace  shall    be   constructed    either   of 

(a)  Brick,  in  accordance  with  the  pro- 
visions of  this  ordinance  for  smoke 
flues;   or 

(b)  Terra  cotta  or  concrete,  with 
joints  securely  cemented  together,  witli 
ends  which  fit  one  into  the  other  or  fast- 
ened together  by  means  of  a  galvanized 
iron  sleeve  fitted  to  such  vent  at  each 
joint;   or 

(c)  Galvanized  iron,  enclosed  with  a 
galvanized  iron  sleeve  extending  the  full 
length  of  the  concealed  portion  of  such 
vent  pipe  and  so  constructed  with  metal 
spacers  that  there  shall  be  a  clear  air 
space  of  not  less  than  one-quarter  f ',4 ) 
inch  all  around  and  between  the  two  (2) 
pipes,  and  the  exterior  surface  of  the 
outer  pipe  shall  be  covered  with  three 
(3)    thicknesses   of   asbestos   paper;    or 

(d)  Iron  screw  pipe,  enclosed  with  a 
galvanized  iron  sleeve,  or  with  an  iron 
screw  pipe,  extending  the  ftiU  length  of 
the  concealed  portion  of  such  vent  pipe. 
and  so  constructed  with  metal  spacers 
that  there  shall  be  a  clear  air  space  of 
not  less  than  one-quarter  ( i^, )  inch  all 
.iround  and  between  the  two  pipes,  and 
the  exterior  surface  of  every  such  outer 
pipe,  or  sleeve,  shall  be  covered  with 
three    (3)    thicknesses   of    asbestos    paper. 

Any  portion  of  such  vent  pipe  which  is 
not  readily  visible,  and  any  portion  of 
such  vent  pipe  erected  in  the  attic  space, 
shall,  for  the  purpose  of  this  Ordinance, 
be  deemed  to  be  concealed. 


In  every  basement  oi-  lellar  in  which 
any  such  gas  furnace  is  located,  there 
snail  oe  piovided  an  air  inlet  inde- 
pendent of  doors  or  windows;  such  air 
inlet  shall  be  not  less  than  60  square 
inches  in  area.  No  gas  burning  furnace 
shall  be  vented  into  any  flue  or  pipe  to 
which  any  cooking  or  other  heating  ap- 
l)liance  is  connected,  where  sucli  cooking 
or  other  heating  appliance  burns  fuel 
other   than   gas. 

Sec.  86.  Notice  as  to  Furnaces.  Be- 
fore installing  any  furnace  in  anj'  build- 
ing, the  owner  of  such  building  or  the 
person  proposing  to  install  the  furnace 
shall  first  give  notice  in  writing  of  his 
intention  so  to  do  to  tlie  Board  of  Public 
Works. 

Sec.  87.  Furnace,  Pipes,  Boxes  and 
Fittings.  All  concealed  wall  pipes,  reg- 
ister boxes  and  fittings  shall  be  thor- 
oughly covered  with  two  thicknesses  of 
asbestos  paper  weighing  not  less  than 
eight  pounds  to  one  hundred  square 
feet,  'cemented  to  same,  and  after  being 
placed,  all  joints  shall  be  covered  in  the 
same   manner. 

All  concealed  wall  pi]>es  and  all  first 
floor  side  wall  Ijoxes  shall  be  provided 
with  suitable  boots  extending  to  tiie  un- 
der side  of  the  floor  joists  and  all  joints 
Ijetween  the  same  shall  he  tightly  fitted 
together  and  covered  as  above  provided ; 
provided,  however,  if  such  concealed  wall 
pipes,  register  boxes  and  fittings  are  con- 
structed of  two  thicknesses  of  metal  and 
separated  on  all  sides  by  a  clear  air  space 
of  not  less  than  one-quarter  of  an  inch 
between  the  inner  and  outer  metal 
sheets,  the  asbestos  coverings  herein 
provided  for  may,  except  at  joints,  be 
omitted. 

The  boots  at  the  l)Ottom  of  all  risers 
and  side  wall  register  boxes  shall  he  at- 
tached at  the  time  said  risers  and  boxes 
are  placed  in  the  building. 

All  wall  pipes  from  stich  heater  shall 
have  full  capacity  at  all  points  and  shall 
have  no  right  angle  bends.  Advantage 
may  be  taken  of  all  available  space,  in- 
iluding  lath,  plaster  and  baseboards,  for 
inlets  or  throts  of  side  wall  register 
l-)0xes   on    first    floor. 

Sec.  88.  Drying  Rooms.  The  floor  of 
every  drying  room  in  a  laundry  shall  be 
not  less  than  two  inches  thick  and  con- 
structed of  masonry  or  tile  and  the  walls 
and  ceiling  thereof  shall  be  constructed 
of  like  materials  and  shall  be  not  less 
than  eight  inches  thick,  or  said  walls 
may  be  constructed  of  wood  studs  and 
joists  spaced  twelve  inches  on  center. 
lathed  with  metal  lath  and  plastered  wltli 
not  less  than  three-fourths  of  an  inch 
of    fireproof    plaster. 

All  steam  or  hot  air  pipes,  stoves,  or 
other  heating  apparatus  or  appliaiucs  in 
such  drying  room  shall  be  covered  with, 
wire  netting  of  two  u'eshes  lo  the  inch 
of  not  less  than  No.  18  gauge  wire.  Such 
netting  shall  be  not  less  than  si.x  inches 
from  any  such  steam  pipe  or  hot  air  pipe, 
stove  or  other  heating  apparatus  or  ap- 
pliance. 

Sec.  89.  Boiler  Rooms  Inside  a  Building. 
All  walls  surrounding  a  roo  n  inside  a 
l)uilding  in  whicli  room  a  steam  boiler 
is  installed  or  is  intended  to  be  installed, 
shall  be  of  masonry  or  terra  cotta 
for  the  full  height  of  the  basement 
or  story  of  the  build'ng  'n  wiiifh  the 
boiler  is  located.     Such  wall  if  construct- 


58 


ed  of  brick  shall  be  not  less  than  eight 
inches  thick,  and  if  constructed  of  terra 
cotta  or  concrete  they  shall  be  not  less 
than  six  inches  thick  and  all  exposed 
woodwork  in  such  room  shall  be  covered 
with  metal  lath  and  plastered  or  with 
sheet  metal  placed  not  less  than  one- 
halt   inch  from  such  woodwork. 

Every  opening  into  any  such  boiler 
room  from  the  interior  of  the  building  in 
which  such  boiler  room  is  located  shall 
have  a  standard  fire  door  or  a  standard 
fire  shutter  constructed  as  specified  in 
Section  141  of  this  ordinance,  so  ar- 
ranged as  to  close  automatically;  and 
where  oil  is  burned,  every  doorway  shall 
have  a  masonry  or  terra  cotta  sill  rising 
not  less  than  eight  inches  from  the  floor. 
No  wood  shall  be  used  in  the  construc- 
tion  of  the   floor   of  any  boiler   room. 

In  buildings  of  Classes  "B,"  "C"  and 
"D"  there  shall  be  a  clear  space  above 
every  boiler  installed  in  any  such  boiler 
room  of  not  less  than  five  (5)  feet,,  and 
above  the  breeching  of  not  less  than  two 
(2)  feet,  provided,  however,  that  where 
any  such  boiler  is  of  such  capacity  and 
constructed  in  such  a  manner  as  to  not 
develop  or  sustain  more  than  ten  (10) 
pounds  of  pressure  per  square  inch,  such 
clear  space  above  such  boiler  shall  be  not 
less  than  four  (4)  feet,  and  the  clear 
space  above  the  breeching  shall  be  not 
less  than  two  (2)  feet,  and  provided 
further,  that  a  sheet  of  No.  18  iron  shall 
lie  suspended  not  less  than  two  inches 
from  the  ceiling,  over,  and  one  foot  in 
each  direction   beyond  said  breeching. 

Adjacent  to  the  door  of  every  boiler 
room  there  shall  be  provided  a  standpipe 
not  less  than  one  and  one-half  inches 
in  diameter,  with  at  least  twenty-five 
feet  of  standard  fire  hose  not  less  than 
one  and  one-half  inches  in  diameter  at- 
tached  thereto. 

No  boiler  room  shall  be  located  or  con- 
structed directly  under  the  stairway  of 
any  building.  Provided,  however,  that 
nothing  in  this  section  contained  shall  be 
deemed  or  construed  to  apply  to  dwell- 
ings, as  dwellings  are  defined  by  this  or- 
dinance. 

Provided,  further,  that  the  provisions 
of  this  section  shall  not  apply  to  any 
room  in  which  a  steam  boiler  or  water 
heater  is  installed,  which  boiler  or  water 
heater  is  operated  by  means  of  gas  and 
does  not  consume  more  than  360  cubic 
feet  of  gas  per  hour  when  operated  at 
its  full  capacity.  Every  such  steam 
boiler  or  water  heater  operated  by  means 
of  gas,  shall  be  installed  and  connected 
with  a  vent  in  accordance  with  the  pro- 
visions of  this  ordinance  regulating  the 
venting  of  gas  water  heaters.  Any  such 
steam  boiler  or  water  heater  operated  by 
means  of  gas  shall  not  he  installed  near- 
er than  two  feet  to  any  wood  or  wood 
lath  and  plaster  construction,  and  no 
vent  pipe  used  in  connection  with  any 
such  boiler  or  water  heater  shall  be  con- 
cealed in  any  wall  or  partition  unless 
such  wall  or  partition  is  constructed  of 
fireproof  material.  Every  room  in 
which  a  steam  boiler  or  water  heater 
operated  by  gas  is  installed  shall  be 
provided  with  an  air  inlet  and  an  air 
outlet.  Every  such  air  inlet  or  outlet 
shall  be  not  less  than  144  s^iuare  inches 
in  area.  Every  such  air  outlet  shall  be 
located  at  or  near  the  ceiling  of  such 
room    and    shall    extend    through    the    ex- 


terior wall  of  the  building  adjacent  to 
such  room.  In  the  event  that  any  such 
room  is  removed  from  the  exterior  wall 
of  the  building,  such  room  shall  be  pro- 
vided with  an  outlet  flue  of  galvanized 
iron  connecting  such  room  direct  with 
the  outer  air  at  the  exterior  of  the 
building.  Every  air  intake  opening  shall 
be  located  at  or  near  the  floor  line  of 
such  room  and  shall  be  as  far  removed 
from  the  air  outlet  opening  as  practica- 
ble. 

Sec.  90.  Boiler  Rooms  Outside  of  Fire 
Districts  Numbers  1,  2,  3  and  4.  Where 
a  building  or  structure  located  outside 
Fire  Districts  Numbers  1,  2,  3  and  4  is 
used  for  a  boiler  room  only,  such  build- 
ing or  structure  may  be  constructed  of 
corrugated  iron  on  wood  frame.  Such 
building  or  structure  shall  be  not  less 
than  twenty  (20)  feet  from  any  other 
building   or  structure. 

Sec.  91.  Woodworking  Establishments, 
Boiler  Rooms  and  Fuel  Rooms  Therein. 
Boiler  rooms  located  in  a  woodworking 
establishment  shall  be  constructed  as 
herein  provided  for  the  construction  of 
boiler    rooms. 

The  fuel  room  used  in  conjunction  with 
such  boiler  room,  if  constructed  in  or 
less  than  twenty  feet  from  such  wood- 
working establishment  shall  be  con- 
structed of  masonry.  The  ceiling  there- 
of shall  be  constructed  of  fireproof  ma- 
terial, or  of  metal  lath  and  plaster. 
Every  door  in  a  fuel  room  cr  boiler  room 
shall  be  constructed  as  herein  provided 
for  standard  fire  doors,  and  every  win- 
dow in  such  fuel  room  or  boiler  room 
shall  be  protected  by  metal  frames  and 
sash,  glazed  with  wire  glass. 

All  conveyors  into  such  fuel  or  boiler 
room   shall    be   of   metal. 

All  floors  of  boiler  rooms  or  fuel  rooms 
shall  be  of  masonry,  tile  or  the  natural 
ground. 

Floors  of  woodworking  establishments, 
if  of  wood,  shall  be  not  less  than  two 
inches    in    thickness. 

Sec.  92.  Chimneys,  Flues  and  Smoke- 
stacks. All  smoke  chimneys  and  flues, 
hereafter  constructed,  shall  be  of  mason- 
ry (except  as  elsewhere  in  this  ordi- 
nance provided).  The  walls  of  such 
chimneys  and  flues  in  dwellings  and  flats 
(except  such  chimneys  and  flues  to  which 
there  is  connected  any  oil  burning  fur- 
nace, oil  burning  heater  or  oil  burning 
steam  boiler),  shall  be  not  less  than  four 
(4)  inches  thick.  The  thickness  of  the 
walls  of  such  chimneys  and  flues  in 
dwellings  and  flats  to  which  there  is  con- 
nected any  oil  burning  furnace,  oil  l)urn- 
ing  heater  or  any  oil  burning  steam 
boiler,  shall  be  not  less  than  eight  (S) 
inches  thick,  or  such  walls  may  be  not 
less  than  four  (4)  inches  thick,  provided 
that  they  be  lined  on  the  inside  with 
well  burnt  fire  clay  or  terra  cotta  lining, 
not  less  than  three-quarters  (%)  inch 
thick. 

In  all  other  buildings  the  walls  of  the 
smoke  chimneys  and  flues  shall  be  not 
less  than  eight  (8)  inches  thick,  or  such 
walls  may  be  not  less  than  four  (4) 
inches  thick,  provided  they  be  lined  on 
the  inside  with  well  burnt  fire  clay  or 
terra  cotta  lining,  not  less  than  three- 
quarters  (%)  inch  thick. 

Clay  or  terra  cotta  lining  of  flues  shall 
extend  from  the  bottom  of  the  flue  or 
throat    of    the    fireplace    continuously    to 


59 


Broadway    1  I  12 Home  F-5  754  Oakland,   San  Francisco,   Los  Angeles 

JOHNSON  OIL  BURNER  COMPANY 

330   South   San    Pedro   Street,    Los   Angeles 

MODERN  OIL  BURNING  EQUIPMENT 

— for— 

Steam  Boilers,  Water  Heaters,  Bake  Ovens,  Dry  Kilns,  Hot  Air  Furnaces, 

Brass  Furnaces,  Incinerators,  Ranges,  Etc. 

MOST  COMPLETE  LINE  OF  OIL  BURNERS  IN  THE  WEST 


the  top  of  the  said  flue.  The  lining  shall 
be  inclosed  as  carried  up  and  the  ends 
thereof  shall  fit  closely  together  and  be 
set  in  cement  mortar.  All  joints  and 
openings  between  the  flue  lining  and  the 
outer  walls  shall  be  filled  solidly  with 
mortar. 

Chimneys  and  flues  not  required  to  be 
lined  shall  have  smoothly  struck  joints 
on  the  inside  or  they  shall  be  plastered 
smoothly  throughout  the  inside  from  th^ 
bottom  to  the  top,  and  if  the  walls  are 
less  than  eight  (8)  inches  thick,  they 
shall  be  plastered  on  the  outside  for  their 
entire  height,  except  such  portions  as 
are  exposed   to  the   weather. 

Artificial  stone  chimneys  shall  have  all 
joints  well  filled  and  smoothly  struck  on 
the   inside   and   outside. 

No  smoke  flue  shall  be  less  than  seven 

(7)  inches  in  the  clear  in  any  interior 
dimension. 

Only  one  (1)  inlet  shall  be  permitted  in 
a  smoke  flue  seven  by  seven  (7x7) 
inches  in  the  clear  inside  measurement, 
and  such  flue  shall  be  increased  in  size 
in  the  interior  thereof  to  seven  Ijy  eleven 
(7x11)    inches  for   two   (2)    inlets. 

No  more  than  two  (2)  inlets  shall  be 
placed    in   any   one   smoke   flue. 

Smoke  flues  larger  than  two  hundred 
(200)  square  inches,  inside  area,  shall 
have  walls  not  less  than  twelve  (12) 
inches  thick  to  a  height  of  twenty  (20) 
feet  above  the  inlet,  and  eight  (S)  inches 
thick  for  the  remaining  height,  and  the 
inside  four  (4)  inches  of  the  walls  of 
such  flues  shall  be  of  fire  brick  or  may 
be  lined  with  terra  cotta  flue  lining  for 
at  least  twenty    (20)   feet  al)ove  the   inlet. 

Smoke  flues  for  bakery  ovens  shall  be 
not  less  than  eleven  by  eleven  (11x11) 
inches,  inside  ineasurement,  and  shall 
have    masonry  ^vvalls    not    less   than    eight 

(8)  inches   thick. 

The  inside  four  (4)  inches  of  the  walls 
of  all  smoke  flues  for  boilers  of  over 
twenty-five  (25)  horsepower  for  a  dis- 
tance of  twenty-five  (25)  feet  above  the 
bottom  of  the  breeching  inlet,  shall  be 
constructed  of  fire  brick  laid  in  fire  clay 
mortar.  All  chimneys  having  a  greater 
flue  area  than  two  hundred  sixty  (260) 
square  inches  inside  measui-emenl,  shall 
be  carried  up  at  least  ten  (10)  feet  above 
the  highest  point  of  the  roof  or  any  roof 
within  twenty-five  (25)  feet  of  such 
chimney. 

The  inlet  for  a  smokepii^e  into  a  chim- 
ney or  flue  shall  be  a  terra  cotta  Lhimble 
not    less    than     three-quarters      (%)     inch 


thick  set  in  place  as  the  conslruction 
progresses.  Thimbles  shall  be  surround- 
ed by  four  inches  of  brick  work  brought 
flush  with  the  furring  and  shall  extend 
to  the  face  of  the  plastering  and  be  not 
nearer  than  six  (6)  inches  to  any  wood- 
work. 

Chimneys  shall  not  be  supported  on  any 
wooden  floor  or  beam,  but  shall  be  sup- 
ported by  masonry  or  fireproof  con- 
struction from  the  ground  up  and  shall 
not    increase    in    size   above    the    base. 

No  chimney  shall  be  corbelled  out  more 
than  eight  (8)  inches  from  a  wall,  pro- 
vided that  no  corbelling  shall  be  more 
than  four  (4)  inches  in  twelve  (12)  inch 
walls.  No  chimney  or  flue  shall  be  off- 
set or  drawn  over  for  any  purpose  more 
than  one-third  of  its  exterior  width  or 
thickness.  No  offset  made  to  reduce  the 
size  of  a  chimney  shall  exceed  one  (1) 
inch  for  each  two  (2)  inches  of  the 
height  of  such  offset;  and  no  corbel  ex- 
tending from  a  wall  shall  exceed  one  (1) 
inch  for  each  two  (2)  inches  of  the 
height  thereof.  No  inlet  to  a  chimney, 
stack  or  flue  shall  be  extended  out 
more    than    eight    (8)    inches. 

Flues  in  party  walls  shall  not  extend 
nearer  than  four  (4)  inches  to  the  center 
of  the  wall. 

No  joist,  girder,  or  studding,  shall  be 
supported  on  the  walls  of  any  chimney 
or  flue,  but  shall  be  kept  clear  from  the 
outside   face   of  any  chimney   or   flue. 

All  wood  joists,  trimmers,  headers, 
beams  and  girders  shall  be  trimmed  away 
at  least  two  (2)  inches  from  the  outside 
face  of  any  smoke  flue,  and  from  the 
outside   of    the   c'himney    breast. 

Chimneys  built  outside  of  frame  struc- 
tures or  in  light  wells  thereof  shall  be 
securely  anchored  to  the  walls  at  inter- 
vals of  not   more   than  ten    (10)    feet. 

All  chimneys  and  flues  shall  e.vtend  at 
least  four  (4)  feet  above  a  flat  roof. 
Where  such  chimneys  or  flues  project 
through  a  pitch  roof  at  or  near  the  ridge 
or  peak  of  such  roof  I  hey  shall  project 
not  less  than  two  feet  above  said  ridge 
or  peak. 

Where  chimnej's  or  flues  pierce  the 
roof  at  the  eaves  or  on  the  slope  of  the 
roof  they  shall  extend  above  that  portion 
of  the  roof  not  less  than  five  (5)  feet, 
measured  at  the  center  of  the  chimney 
on  the  slope  of  the  roof.  If  any  such 
chimne\-  ijrojects  above  the  roof  to  a 
height  of  more  than  six  (6)  times  its  least 
cross  section  it  shall  be  braced  with  an 
iron    rod    or    pipe    not    less    than   one    inch 


60 


in  diameter  with  a  fixed  washer  at  each 
side  of  such  chimney,  which  brace  shall 
extend  throvigh  said  chimney  at  a  point 
not  more  than  four  feet  from  the  top 
thereof.  Every  chimney  projecting  above 
the  roof  more  than  six  times  the  thick- 
ness of  its  least  cross  section  shall  have 
at  least  three  (3)  four-inch  cross  walls 
or  two  (2)  eight-inch  walls  across  its 
least  width  and  all  such  chimneys  shall 
be  laid  in  cement  mortar  from  the  top 
thereof  to  at  least  twenty-four  (24) 
inches  below  the  roof  joists  as  provided 
for  under   head    "Fire  Walls." 

Smokestacks  of  iron  or  steel  from 
steam  boilers  or  similar  appliances  when 
passing  through  floors,  ceilings,  roofs, 
partitions  or  exterior  walls  of  any  build- 
ing, shall  be  at  least  twelve  (12)  inches 
from  any  wood  or  woodwork  and  such 
wood  or  woodwork  sha'll  be  protected  by 
a  metal  sleeve  at  least  six  (6)  inches 
from  the  stack.  This  sleeve  shall  ex- 
tend six  (6)  inches  above  and  twelve  (12) 
inches  below  the  floor,  ceiling  or  roof, 
and  shall  extend  six  (6)  inches  on  each 
side  of  any  partition  or  exterior  wall, 
and    shall    be    securely   fastened    in    place. 

On  the  exterior  of  any  building,  such 
stack  shall  be  placed  at  least  twenty  (20) 
inches  from  any  wood  or  woodwork,  and 
its  top  must  extend  at  least  four  (4)  feet 
above  the  roof,   adjacent  to  such   stack. 

No  woodwork  shall  be  placed  within 
two  (2)  feet  of  the,  cupola  of  any  foundry 
or  within  two  (2)  feet  of  the  chimney  of 
any  such  cupola. 

No  pipe  used  to  conduct  smoke  from 
any  stove,  range  or  similar  appliance 
shall  pass  or  extend  through  any  floor, 
ceiling,  roof,  partition  or  wall  of  any 
building. 

Terra  Cotta  Chimneys  may  be  erected 
in  that  portion  of  the  city  outside  of  Fire 
Districts  Nos.  1,  2,  ?,  and  4,  providing 
such  terra  cotta  pipes  shall  be  securely 
strapped  and  fastened  to  the  building 
with  iron  straps,  and  all  joints  of  such 
chimneys  be  thoroughly  cemented.  No 
such  terra  cotta  chimney  or  pipe  snail  be 
concealed  and  must  be  so  constructed 
as  to  Ije  exposed  to  view  at  every  point 
from  the  exterior  of  the  building.  Such 
terra  cotta  pipes  shall  be  not  less  than 
three-quarters  of  an  inch  thick,  and  be 
free  from  checks,  cracks  or  other  de- 
fects. If  said  terra  cotta  pipe  or  chim- 
ney is  supported  on  a  bracket,  such 
bracket  must  be  securel\'  fastened  to  the 
building:  between  the  inlet  of  such  pipe 
or  chimney  and  the  Vjracket  or  floor  sus- 
taining the  same,  there  must  be  at  least 
six  (6)  inches  of  cement  mortar.  A  clear 
space  of  at  least  two  (2)  inches  between 
the  terra  cotta  pipe  or  chimney  and  any 
woodwork  shall  be  provided,  and  such 
terra  cotta  chimneys  shall  extend  at  least 
three  (3)  feet  above  the  roof  of  the  build- 
ing. 

Sec.  97.  Smoke  House.  Every  smoke 
house  or  smoke  room  shall  be  construct- 
ed of  fireproof  material  throughout,  with 
all  walls,  floors  and  roofs  thereof  of  ma- 
sonry. Such  walls  shall  be  not  less  than 
twelve  (12)  inches  thick  and  shall  be 
built  up  at  least  three  (.1)  feet  higher 
than  the  roof.  The  roof  of  any  such 
smoke  house  or  smoke  room  shall  be  at 
least  three  (3)  inches  thick,  provided, 
however,  that  in  the  event  that  such 
smoke  house  or  smoke  room  is  construct- 
ed within  a  building  and  by  reason  of  the 


structural  features  of  .such  building  it  is 
impracticable  to  extend  the  walls  of  such 
smoke  house  or  smoke  room  three  (3) 
feet  higher  than  the  roof  of  such  smoke 
house  or  smoke  room,  then  and  in  that 
event  the  walls  of  any  such  smoke  house 
or  smoke  room  may  terminate  at  the 
roof  line  thereof.  The  roof  of  any  smoke 
house  or  smoke  room  the  walls  of  which 
terminate  at  the  roof  line  thereof  shall 
be  constructed  at  least  six  (6)  Inches  in 
thickness,  and  no  woodwork  shall  be 
maintained  within  two  (2)  inches  of  the 
roof  of  any  such  smoke  house  or  smoke 
room,  unless  such  woodwork  is  further 
protected  with  tile  insulation  or  with  a 
material  of  similar  nature.  An  iron 
grate  shall  be  placed  three  (3)  feet 
above  the  floor,  and  the  hanging  nails 
shall  be  of  iron. 

Sec.  99.  Steam  Pipes.  Steam  pipes 
shall  not  be  placed  within  two  inches  of 
any  timber  or  woodwork,  unless  the  tim- 
ber or  woodwork  is  protected  by  metal, 
in  which  event  such  distance  shall  not 
be  less   than   one   inch. 

All  steam  pipes  passing  through  floors, 
ceilings,  or  lath  and  plaster  or  wood  par- 
titions shall  be  protected  by  a  metal  tube 
having  a  metal  flange  at  the  floor  one 
inch  larger  than  the  pipe,  passing  en- 
tirely through  said  floors,  ceilings  or  par- 
titions. 

All  pipes  or  ducts  used  to  convey  heat- 
ed air  shall  be  of  metal  or  other  non- 
combustible   materials. 

Pipes  used  for  conveying  steam  under 
high  pressure  shall  in  no  case  be  less 
than  eight  inches  from  any  woodwork, 
unless  protected  by  magnesia  or  equiva- 
lent pipe  covering  at  least  one  inch 
thick,  in  which  event  the  distance  shall 
be   not   less    than    two   inches. 

All  steam  pipe  covering  shall  consist  of 
non-combustible    materials    only. 

Sec.  100.  Pipes  in  Walls.  No  recess 
for  any  pipe  shall  be  made  in  a  sixteen- 
inch  party  or  division  wall.  No  recesses 
for  pipes  or  wires  shall  be  made  in  any 
w'all  more  than  one-fourth  of  the  thick- 
ness of  such  wall,  and  the  space  between 
the  pipes  and  adjacent  masonry  shall  be 
grouted  full  with  cement  mortar.  Re- 
cesses around  such  pipes  shall  be  filled 
up  solid  for  the  space  of  one  foot,  V)otli 
above  and  below,  each  tier  of  floor  oi- 
roof  joists.  There  shall  be  no  pipes  of 
any  description  between  any  metal  col- 
umn and  its  covering  of  fireproofing  ma- 
terial. 

Sec.  101.  It  shall  be  unlawful  for  any 
person,  firm  or  corporation  to  place  or 
maintain,  or  to  cause  or  permit  to  be 
placed  or  maintained  any  water,  steam, 
soil  or  vent  pipe  in  any  part  of  any  con- 
crete  column  or  girder. 

Sec.  102.  Steel  Girders.  Every  steel 
girder  vised  in  the  construction  of  an>" 
building,  the  length  whereof  exceeds 
twenty  feet,  and  whose  vertical  depth  ex- 
ceeds twenty-four  inches,  shall  be  fire- 
proofed  in  the  manner  in  this  ordinance 
provided  for  the  fireproofing  of  girders  in 
buildings   of  Class   "A." 

Sec.  103.  Anchors  and  Ties  for  Steel 
Girders.  All  steel  girders  supporting  ma- 
sonry shall  be  anchored  into  the  walls 
of  the  building  for  a  distance  of  not  less 
than  eighteen  inches:  said  anchor  shall 
be  of  flat  steel  or  iron  with  a  cross  sec- 
tion of  not  less  than  three-eighths  of  an 
inch  by  one  and  one-half  inch,   and  shall 


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be  securely  riveted  to  or  hooked  over  the 
top  flange  of  said  girder  and  shall  be 
turned  up  at  the  opposite  end  for  a  dis- 
tance of  not  less  than  two  inches. 

All  such  anchors  from  steel  or  iron 
girders  to  wooden  girders  shall  be  of  not 
less  than  one-half  inch  by  two-inch  iron, 
and  shall  extend  not  less  than  three  feet 
on  the  wood,  and  shall  be  turned  down 
not  less  than  two  inches  into  the  wood 
at  the  ends  and  shall  be  securely  fas- 
tened. When  the  wood  girder  is  of  less 
than  eight  inches,  vertical  height,  the 
cross  section  above  specified  for  the  an- 
chor may  be  reduced  one-half  in  all  its 
parts.  If  the  connecting  girder  be  of 
metal  then  proper  standard  connections 
shall  imite  the  beams  and  girders,  so  as 
to   form   a  satisfactory   tie. 

Sec.  104.  Anchors,  Straps,  Ties  and 
Stirrups.  In  buildings  of  Classes  "B," 
"C"  and  "D,"  girders  shall  be  anchored 
to  the  walls  and  fastened  to  each  other 
so  as  to  make  a  continuous  tie  from  wall 
to  wall.  The  beams  may  be  united  by 
suitable  iron  straps  of  not  less  than  one- 
fourth  by  one  and  one-fourth  inch 
(V4"xli4")  area  of  cross  section,  turned 
into  the  girders  and  spiked  or  bolted  so 
as  to  develop  the  strength  of  the  tie;  or 
such  joints  may  be  lapped  and  spiked  to- 
gether so  as  to  form   a   continuous   tie. 

In  all  buildings  having  exterior  walls 
of  masonry,  tile,  or  of  a  construction  other 
than  wood  frame  the  end  anchors  of  gir- 
ders may  be  in  the  form  of  iron  or  steel 
plates  with  lugs  turnd  up  into  the  beam 
and  down  at  least  four  inches  (4")  into 
the  masonry  at  a  point  not  more  than 
four  inches  (4")  from  the  outer  faces  of 
the  wall;  or  such  anchors  may  be  three - 
fourth    inch    (3-4")    anchors    as    hereafter 


required  for  joists.  All  joist  anchors  in 
such  building  shall  be  of  three-fourth 
inch  (3-4")  round  iron  at  least  three  (3) 
feet  long  with  three-fourths  (%")  inch 
by  ten  inch  (10")  "T"  head,  or  six  by  six 
(6"x6")  iron  washer,  not  less  than  three 
eights  inch  (3-8")  thick;  such  head  or 
washer  shall  be  not  more  than  four  (4) 
inches  from  the  outside  face  of  the  wall 
and  shall  pass  through  the  wall  where 
possible.  The  inner  ends  of  anchors 
shall  be  turned  down  two  (2)  inches  and 
shall  be  securely  tied  to  the  beam  or  joist 
at  the  side  in  such  a  way  as  to  make 
the  anchor  self-releasing.  The  inner  ends 
of  joists  shall  be  spiked  for  continuous 
tie.  When  joists  run  approximately  par- 
allel with  adjoining  walls,  said  walls  shall 
be  anchored  to  each  tier  of  joists  above 
the  first  floor  with  anchors  reaching  back 
through  or  hooking  over  the  fourth  joist. 
Said  last  mentioned  joist  heads  shall  be 
strutted  in  such  a  way  as  to  combine 
the  four  joists  into  a  truss  with  the 
heads  of  struts  close  to  the  anchors  and 
the  foot  of  struts  close  to  cross  walls  or 
partitions.  Anchors  shall  be  not  more 
than  six  feet  (6')  apart  in  all  walls  and  at 
every  tier  of  joists  above  the  first  floor. 
Ceiling  joists  and  rafters  shall  be  simi- 
larly anchored. 

In  all  buildings  except  dwellings  and 
flats  steel  or  wrought  or  malleable  iron 
stirrups  of  proper  size  shall  be  used  to 
support  ail  header  joists  from  trimmers 
and  all  tail  joists  from  hearders  in  ad- 
dition to  which  all  joists  so  hung  shall  be 
thoroughly    spiked    together. 

Fire  walls  shall  be  anchored  as  de- 
scribed  under   "Fire  Walls." 

Sec.  105.  Bearing  of  Joists  and  Bond 
Iron.      The    load    at    the    bearing    of    floor 


62 


joists  on  their  supports  shall  not  exceed 
five   hundred   pounds   to    the   square   inch. 

In  buildings  of  Classes  "B"  and  "C," 
which  are  inore  than  three  stories  in 
height,  the  floors  of  which  are  designed 
to  sustain  a  load  of  more  than  140  pounds 
per  square  foot,  bond  iron  at  least  three 
inches  by  one-fourth  inch  shall  be  placed 
under  each  joist  at  its  wall  bearings. 
Said  bond  iron  shall  run  continuously 
around  the  building  and  must  be  lock- 
jointed  and  anchored  at  each  angle. 

Sec.  106.  Timber  Details.  The  header 
beam  carrying  the  tail  beams  of  a  floor, 
and  supporting  the  trimmer  arch  In  front 
of  a  flreplace,  shall  be  not  less  than 
twenty  inches  from  the  chimney  breast. 
Every  girder  or  truss  shall  have  a  bear- 
ing of  not  less  than  eight  inches,  and 
joists  not  less  than  four  inches,  on  mas- 
onry walls.  All  headers  and  trimmers 
shall  be  of  such  size  that  the  strength  of 
the  floor  shall  be  uniform. 

Where  joists  or  beams  rest  on  masonry 
walls  the  ends  of  such  joists  and  beams 
inust  be  beveled  at  least  three  inches  at 
the  ends  resting  on  such  walls. 

In  no  case  shall  timber  of  less  dimen- 
sions that  two  by  six  inches  be  used  for 
floor  joists,  and  for  all  floors  above  the 
first  floor  no  timber  of  less  dimensions 
than  two  by  eight  inches  shall  be  used; 
provided,  however,  that  in  one  story 
buildings  used  for  dwellings,  barns, 
stables  or  garages,  where  it  is  proposed 
to  utilize  the  space  above  the  ceiling 
joists  for  storage  purposes  only,  the  joists 
of  such  ceiling  shall  be  not  less  than  two 
inches  by  six  inches  cross  section  when 
the  span  is  not  greater  than  twelve  feet. 

No  span  of  wood  joists  shall  be  great- 
er   than    twenty-six    (26)    feet. 

No  mud  sill  shall  be  less  than  two  by 
six  inches  (2"x6")  cross  section  exce^ji 
when  laid  on  masonry,  then  such  mua 
sill  may  be  of  not  less  than  three  by  four 
inches  (3"x4")  cross  section.  All  such 
mud  sills  shall  be  of  redwood. 

The  safe  carrying  capacity  of  any  wood 
beam  for  a  uniformly  distributed  load 
shall  be  determined  by  multiplying  twice 
the  area  of  its  cross  section  in  square 
inches  by  its  depth  in  inches,  and  di- 
viding this  product  by  the  span  of  the 
beam  in  feet;  this  result  to  be  multiplied 
by  70  for  spruce  or  white  pine  and  by 
ninety  for  Oregon  pine  and  by  120  for 
oak. 

Sec.  107.  Arches  and  Lintels.  Every 
opening  exceeding  five  feet  in  width  in 
a  wall  of  brick  or  stone  shall  have  an 
arch  of  stone,  brick,  or  terra  cotta,  se- 
curely keyed  and  with  good  and  sufficient 
hutments,  or  such  openings  .shall 
have  a  lintel  of  stone,  iron,  steel,  or  re- 
inforced concrete.  If  a  wood  lintel  is 
used  over  the  inside  of  any  opening 
there  shall  be  a  relieving  arch  over  the 
same.  A  wood  lintel  shall  not  be  placed 
over  an  opening  exceeding  five  feet  in 
width.  There  shall  be  no  cast  iron  lin- 
.  tel  used  over  an  opening  exceeding  seven 
feet  in  width.  No  wood  beam  or  girder 
shall  be  used  to  support  any  masonry 
wall. 

Sec.  108.  Retaining  Walls.  Any  per- 
son making  an  excavation  for  the  pur- 
post  of  construction  shall  at  once  build 
a  retaining  wall  not  less  than  seventeen 
inches  thick  at  the  top  and  increasing 
four  inches  in  thickness  for  every  four 
feet    in    depth    to    sustain    the    earth.      If 


such  retaining  walls  are  built  of  brick, 
the  brick  shall  be  laid  in  cement  mortar 
in  the  proportion  of  one  part  ceinent  to 
tour  parts  sand  by  actual  measurement; 
provided,  that  if  such  retaining  walls  are 
constructed  of  reinforced  concrete,  then 
said  wall  shall  not  be  less  than  eight 
inches  thick  at  the  top  thereof,  and  shall 
increase  in  thickness  at  least  one  inch 
for  each  foot  of  depth   of  such  wall. 

DIMENSIONS    OF     FOUNDATION 
WALLS 

Sec.  109.  Foundation  Walls.  No  founda- 
tion walls  in  buildings  of  Classes  "A," 
"B"  or  "C"  shall  rest  upon  any  made  or 
filled  ground;  except  that  foundation 
walls  in  buildings  of  said  Classes  "A," 
"B"  or  "C"  may  rest  upon  filled  or  made 
ground  in  that  part  of  the  City  of  Los 
Angeles  formerly  included  within  the 
boundaries  of  the  City  of  Wilmington  and 
the  City  of  San  Pedro,  as  the  said  cities 
of  Wilmington  and  San  Pedro  existed 
prior  to  the  consolidation  of  the  cities 
of  Wilmington,  San  Pedro  and  Los  Ange- 
les; provided,  however,  that  before  a  per- 
mit is  granted  to  any  person,  firm  or  cor- 
poration for  the  erection  or  construction 
of  any  building  of  said  Class  "A,"  "B"  or 
"C"  upon  such  filled  or  made  ground  tests 
shall  be  made  and  filed  with  the  Board 
of  Public  Works  by  the  person,  firm  or 
corporation  applying  for  said  permit 
showing  the  load  that  said  ground  is  ca- 
pable of  sustaining  to  the  square  foot. 
No  permit  shall  be  granted  for  the  con- 
struction or  erection  of  any  such  build- 
ing upon  said  filled  or  made  ground  un- 
less such  test  shows  that  the  ground 
upon  which  such  building  is  proposed 
to  be  erected  or  constructed  will  sustain 
the  maximum  load  allowed  for  each 
square  foot  of  ground,  as  provided  in 
Section  128  of  this  ordinance.  The  depths 
of  foundations  of  buildings  of  Classes  "A," 
"B"  and  "C"  shall  be  not  less  than  the 
depths  prescribed  in  the  following  sched- 
ule: 

One  story  buildings  not  less  than  one 
foot  below  natural  surface  of  ground;  in 
two  or  three-story  buildings  not  less 
than  two  feet  below  the  natural  surface 
of  the  ground;  in  four  story  buildings  not 
less  than  three  feet  below  the  natural 
surface  of  the  ground;  in  five  or  six  story 
buildings  not  less  than  four  feet  below 
the  natural  surface  of  the  ground;  in 
seven  story  buildings  not  less  than  five 
feet  below  the  natural  surface  of  the 
ground;  in  eight,  nine  or  ten  story  build- 
ings, not  less  than  six  feet  below  the  na- 
tural surface  of  the  ground. 

Provided,  however,  that  nothing  in  this 
section  contained  shall  prevent  the  Board 
of  Public  Works  from  requiring  a  greater 
depth  for  foundations,  if,  in  the  judg- 
ment of  said  Board,  it  is  necessary  for 
the  stability  of  said  foundation  and  the 
structure  proposed  to  be  erected  there- 
on. The  width  of  the  foimdations  of 
the  several  parts  of  any  building  shall  be 
proportionate  to  the  load  to  be  carried, 
as   in   this   ordinance   specified. 

No  course  of  brick  footings  shall  pro- 
ject more  than  two  inches  from  the  foot- 
ing or  wall  above;  and  if  formed  of  stone 
or  concrete  no  course  shall  be  less  than 
twelve  inches  thick,  nor  shall  any  course 
project   more    than    six   inches. 

The  width  of  the  footings  of  every  fovm- 
dation    wall    shall    be    not    less    than    75 


63 


Residence    478    N.    Belmont    Ave. 


Phone    Wilshire    3468 


A.   J.   CRAWFORD 

CONTRACTOR    AND     BUILDER  Estimates    Given    on    All    Classes    of    Work 

Member    Building    Industries    Assn.  5th    Floor    Stimson    Building 

Main  6561;   Home  60608  LOS   ANGELES,    CAL. 


per  cent  greater  than  that  of  the  wall 
resting-  thereon. 

Foundations  shall  be  proportionate  to 
the  actual  loads  they  shall  be  required 
to  sustain  in  the  complete  and  occupied 
building. 

Sec.  110,  Underpinning  Walls.  All 
walls  used  for  underpinning  any  building- 
shall  be  constructed  of  masonry  four 
inches  thicker  throughout  than  the  wall 
they  support.  Mortar  used  in  inasonry 
for  underpinning  shall  contain  not  less 
than  one-third  cement,  by  actual  meas- 
urement. All  brick  used  for  under- 
pinning shall  be  hard  burnt,  well-formed 
brick,  thoroughly  soaked  in  water  before 
xising. 


Sec.  111.  Masonry  Piers,  Bond  Plates. 
Every  masonry  pier  exceeding  five  feet  in 
height  and  sustaining  a  load  exceeding 
ten  tons  to  each  square  foot,  shall  be 
provided  -with  bond  plates  of  cast  iron  or 
stone,  extending  through  its  entire  sec- 
tion, at  intervals  of  its  height  not  ex- 
ceeding one  and  one-half  times  the 
diameter  of  such  pier. 

Sec.  112.  Thickness  of  Outer  Walls  of 
Masonry  Buildings.  Every  exterior  ina- 
sonry wall  of  any  building  shall  be  built 
to  conform  in  thickness  to  the  following 
schedule,  (except  as  otherwise  provided 
for  in  this  ordinance) ;  thickness  is  given 
in  inches,  to-wit: 


STORIES  IN                          THICKNESS  OF  WALL  AT  EACH  STORY 

BUILDING                  Basement     12  3  4           5           6           7 

One  Story  16"       12" 

Two  Stories  16"       16"       12" 

Three   Stories   20"       16"       16"  12" 

Four   Stories   20"       20"       16"  16"  12" 

Five  Stories  24"       20"       20"  16"  16"       12" 

Six    Stories    24"       24"       20"  20"  16"       16"       12" 

Seven   Stories   28"       24"       24"  20"  20"       16"       16"       12" 

Eight    Stories    28"       28"       24"  24"  20"       20"       16"       16" 


12" 


Provided,  that  in  any  building  used 
wholly  as  a  dwelling  and  detached  from 
any  other  building,  the  walls  shall  be  not 
less  than  nine  inches  in  thickness  for 
the  second  story  and  not  less  than  twelve 
inches  in  thickness  for  the  first  story;  if 
one  story  only  in  height,  walls  shall  be 
not  less  than  nine  inches  thick  froin  the 
floor  level  to  the  wall  plate  and  not  less 
than  twelve  inches  thick  below  the  level 
of    the    floor   joist; 

Provided,  further  that  any  building  used 
wholly  as  a  private  stable  or  barn,  pri- 
vate garage  or  out  building  not  over  one 
(1)  story  in  height  and  containing  an 
area  of  not  more  than  four  hundred  (400) 
square  feet,  may  be  constructed  with 
walls  not  less  than  nine  inches  (9")  thick 
from  the  floor  level  to  the  wall  plate  and 
not  less  than  twelve  inches  (12")  thick 
below  the  level  of  the  floor  joLsts.  Pro- 
vided, however,  that  such  building  shall 
not  be  used  for  any  other  purpose  than 
dwellings,  private  stables  or  barns,  pri- 
vate garages  or  out  buildings  unless  the 
walls  be  increased  to  the  thickness  set 
forth  in  the  foregoing  schedule. 

(NOTE— SEE   SECTION    NO.   114) 

Sec.  113.  Existing  Party  Walls.  Walls 
heretofore    built    for,    or    used    as    party 


walls,  the  thickness  of  which  at  the  time 
of  their  erection  was  in  accordance  with 
the  requii'ements  of  the  then  existing  or- 
dinance, but  which  are  not  in  accordance 
with  the  requirements  of  this  ordinance, 
may  be  used,  if  in  good  condition,  for  the 
ordinary  uses  of  party  walls,  provided 
the  height  of  the  same  be  not  increased. 

Sec.  114.  In  buildings  of  Classes  "B" 
and  "C"  any  exterior  wall,  other  than 
a  party  or  a  division  wall,  that  is  not 
more  than  eighty  feet  in  length,  or  that 
is  intercepted  at  intervals  of  eighty  feet 
or  less  by  cross  walls  of  the  same  height 
and  thickness  as  said  wall;  also  any  in- 
terior weight-bearing  wall,  other  than  a 
party  or  division  wall,  shall  be  not  less 
than  twelve  inches  thick  for  the  upper 
two  stories.  The  w^alls  of  each  two 
stories  below  the  two  upper  stories  shall 
be  four  inches  thicker  than  the  wall  of 
the  two  stories  next  above. 

Sec.  115.  Thickness  of  Party  and  Divi- 
sion Walls.  Every  party  or  division  wall 
erected  or  constructed  within  Fire  Dis- 
tricts Numbers  1  and  2  shall  be  built  to 
confori-n  in  thickness  to  the  following- 
schedule,  except  as  othei-wise  provided  in 
this  ordinance,  thickness  being  given  in 
inches,  to-wit: 


64 


STORIES  IN  THICKNESS  OF  WALL  AT  EACH  STORY 

BUILDING                       Basement     1  2  3           456789 

One    Story    16"     12" 

Two    Stories    20"     16"  16" 

Three     Stories    24"     20"  16"  16" 

Pour    Stories   ^4"     20"  20"  16"  16" 

Five  Stories  24"     24"  20"  20"  16"     16" 

Six   Stories   ; 28"     24"  24"  20"  20"     16"     16" 

Seven    Stories   28"     28"  24"  24"  20"     20"     16"     16" 

Eight  Stories  32"     28"  28"  24"  24"     20"     20"     16"     16" 

Nine    Stories    32"     32"  28"  28"  24"     24"     20"     20"     16"     16" 


Provided,  however,  that  p&rty  or  divi- 
sion walls  may  be  erected  in  that  portion 
of  the  City  of  Los  Angeles  not  included 
in  Fire  Districts  Numbers  1  and  2  of  the 
thickness  prescribed  in  the  schedule  set 
forth  in  Section   112  of  this  ordinance. 

Sec.  116.  Temporary  Partition  Walls. 
Any  temporary  partitions  (in  any  build- 
ing in  Fire  Districts  Numbers  1,  2,  3  or 
4)  exceeding-  three-fourths  (3-4)  of  the 
height  of  the  story  in  which  they  are 
placed  if  constructed  of  wood,  plaster' 
board  or  simrlar  composition  shall  have 
at  least  one-fourth  (1-4)  of  its  surface 
in  glass  set  in  sash.  The  term  "tem- 
porar-y  partition"  in  this  section  shall  be 
deemed  to  be  a  partition  constructed  for 
the  utility  of  the  tenant  in  that  portion 
of  the  building  in  which  they  are  con- 
structed, but  shall  not  be  for  the  purpose 
of  dividing  stores,  lofts,  or  portions  of 
the  building  for  separate  tenants. 

Sec.  117.  Increasing  Height,  Class  "C" 
Buildings.  Any  building  erected  in  the 
manner  required  by  this  or'dinance  for 
the  construction  of  Class  "C"  buildings, 
and  having  walls  of  the  thickness  re- 
quired by  this  ordinance,  may  be  increas- 
ed in  height  in  the  manner  provide:!  in 
this  section.  Such  building  shall  not  be 
increased  more  than  two  stories  in  height 
and  when  completed  shall  not  exceed  the 
height  provided  in  this  ordinance  for 
buildings  of  Class  "C"  construction.  Any 
such  story  so  added  shall  not  exceed 
twelve  feet  in  height  between  the  floor 
and  the  ceiling  of  such  story. 

In  any  case  where  it  is  proposed  to 
increase  the  height  of  any  such  building 
the  exterior  and  division  walls  of  such 
building  shall  be  reinforced  by  means 
of  fire-proofed  steel  columns  or  reinforced 
concrete  columns,  extending  from  the 
foundation  to  the  roof.  Such  columns 
shall  be  spaced  not  more  than  eighteen 
feet  apart  measured  from  center  to  cen- 
ter, and  shall  be  thoroughly  bonded  into 
the  walls.  Such  columns  shall  be  of 
sufficient  strength,  with  a  factor  of 
safety  of  four,  to  sustain  the  weight  of 
the  stories  so  added  to  such  building,  and 
the  weight  of  such  added  stories  shall  be 
transmitted  to  the  foundation  by  means 
of  such  columns.  The  exterior-  and  di- 
vision walls  of  the  stories  so  added  shall 
be  not  less  than  twelve  inches  in  thick- 
ness. The  walls  of  such  added  stories 
shall  not  be  used  for  bearing  walls.  Ex- 
cept as  in  this  section  other-wise  provided, 
such  building  and  such  added  stories  shall 
be  made  to  conform  to  the  requirements 
of  this  ordinance.  Nothing  in  this  section 
contained  shall  be  deemed  to  permit  the 
use  of  any  such  building  more  than  four 
stories  in  height  for'  any  purpose  pro- 
hibited by  Section  .'J3  of  this  ordinance. 

Sec.    118.      Fire   Walls.     All   exterior  di- 


vision and  party  walls  of  buildings  of 
Classes  "A,"  "B"  and  "C"  except  as 
hereinafter  provided,  shall  project  througn 
and  be  at  least  two  feet  above  the  ad- 
joining roof  line  and  shall  be  at  least 
twelve  inches  thick.  ,Svich  fire  walls  shall 
))e  continuous  without  openings  tiierein, 
except  as  provided  in  Ihis  ordinance,  and 
if  of  brick  or  stone,  shall  be  laid  in  mor- 
tar, containing  not  less  than  one  part  of 
cement  to  three  parts  of  good  lime  mor- 
tar, said  cement  mortar  to  extend  from 
the  top  of  the  wall  to  a  point  two  feet  be- 
low the  roof  joists,  and  all  such  brick 
work  shall  be  laid  as  "'full  grouted"  or 
"shoved"  work.  When  masonry  fire  walls 
extend  more  than  four  feet  six  inches 
above  adjoining  roof  line  said  wall  shall 
be  anchored  with  three-fourths  inch  iron 
rods  or  pipes  of  one  inch  outside  diame- 
ter; said  anchors  shall  be  secured  to  the 
roof  and  shall  have  "T"  heads  built  eight 
inches  into  the  wall  and  shall  be  placed 
eight  inches  below  the  top  of  the  wall  and 
not  more   than   ten   feet  apart. 

In  Class  "A"  buildings  over  one  hundred 
feet  high,  the  fire  wall  on  the  street 
fronts  may  be  omitted.  Where  such  fire 
walls  are  omitted,  the  roof  shall  be  pro- 
tected at  the  outer  edge  of  the  cornice 
by  a  concrete  curb  twelve  inches  wide 
with  a  vertical  face  on  its  inner  side  at 
least  four  inches  high,  and  at  the  building 
line  a  substantial  railing  not  less  than  « 
three  feet  high,  constructed  of  two-inch 
diameter  galvanized  iron  piping  with 
standards  not  more  than  ten  feet  apart, 
said  railing  to  consist  of  two  horizontal 
lines  of  piping  placed  eighteen  inches 
apart  and  secured  to  the  posts  with  galv- 
anized   iron    screw    fittings. 

Buildings  of  Classes  "A,"  "B"  and  "C" 
construction  located,  outside  of  fire  dis- 
tricts Number  1,  2  'and  3,  having  roofs 
pitched  at  an  angle  of  thirty  degrees  or 
more,  shall  not  be  required  to  have  fire 
walls  and  fire  walls  may  be  omitted  from 
buildings  of  Class  "A,"  "B"  .and  "C" 
construction  located  outside  of  Fire  Dis- 
trict number  one,  constructed,  erected 
and  maintained  as  a  Church,  Public 
School,  College,  Library  or  other  Public 
building. 

Fire  walls  as  set  forth  in  this  section 
may  be  omitted  on  roof  structures  as  de- 
scribed in  Section  13.5  of  this  ordinance, 
excepting  on  the  walls  of  such  roof  struc- 
ture which  are  over  or  an  extension  of 
the  exterior,  party  or  division  walls  of  the 
building  upon  which  such  roof  structure 
is  erected. 

Sec.  119.  Recesses  in  Walls.  Recesses 
for  stair-ways  and  elevators  may  be  left 
in  the  walls  of  buildings,  provided  that  in 
no  case  shall  such  portions  of  such  walls 
be  of  less  thickness  than  the  walls  of 
the  fourth  story,  unless  reinforced  by  ad- 
ditional piers  with  iron  or  steel  girders, 
or    iron    or    steel    columns    and    girders. 


65 


properly  protected,  and  securely  anchored 
to  walls  on  each  side. 

Recesses  for  alcoves  and  similar  pur- 
poses shall  have  not  less  than  eight 
inches  of  masonry  at  the  back  of  such  re- 
cesses, shall  be  not  more  than  eight  feet 
wide,  and  shall  be  arched  over  or  spanned 
with  iron  or  steel  lintels,  and  not  carried 
up  higher  than  eighteen  inches  below  the 
bottom  of  the  beams  of  the  floor  next 
above,  nor  shall  any  recess  be  made 
nearer  than  six  feet  to  any  other  recess 
in  the  same  wall. 

Sec.  120.  Furred  Walls.  Furred  mason- 
ry walls  shall  be  provided  with  flre  stops 
at  each  floor  and  intermediate  between 
the  floors.  When  a  chimney  breast  is 
furred  out  the  space  between  the  chim- 
ney and  the  breast  shall  be  closed  with 
fireproof  mateiial. 

Sec.  121.  Bond  in  Brickwork.  The 
bond  in  brickwork  shall  be  formed  by 
laying  at  least  one  course  of  headers  for 
every  six   courses  of  stretchers. 

Sec.  122.  Care  of  Wall  In  Construction. 
It  shall  be  imlawful  for  any  person,  firm 
or  corpoiation,  during  the  construction 
of  any  building,  to  erect  or  construct  any 
wall,  or  any  part  thereof,  to  a  greater 
height  than  six  feet  above  the  height  of 
any  other  wall  or  part  thereof,  of  the 
same  building  or  structure. 

Sec.  123.  Pressed  Brick  Facing. — Bond 
Joints.  If  pressed  brick  facing  is  used, 
it  must  be  bonded  into  it.s  backing  at 
least  every  sixth  course.  Bond  shall  be 
established  by  solid  headers  or  by  gal- 
vanized iron  strips  not  less  than  one  inch 
wide,  not  less  than  one  sixteenth  of  an 
inch  thick  and  not  less  than  eight  inches 
long,  placed  at  right  angles  to  the  face 
of  the  wall.  If  such  strips  are  used  for 
bonding  each  face  brick  shall  be  bonded 
No  diagonal  bond  shall  be  allowed.  In 
the  case  of  piers  faced  with  pressed  brick, 
only  solid  headers  or  bondstones  or  iron 
plates  shall  be  used  for  such  bonding. 
Pressed  brick  in  all  cases  must  be  laid  so 
as  to  have  a  full  bed  of  mortar  under 
each  brick.  The  mortar  used  in  backing 
all  pressed  brick  shall  have  cement  added 
thereto,  in  the  proportion  of  noi  less  than 
one  sixth  of  the  bulk  of  the  mortar. 

Sec.  124.  Veneering  Bond  on  Masonry. 
All  veneer  facings  of  stone,  teria  cotta  or 
cement  stone  on  masonry  walls,  shall  be 
bonded  by  metal  ties  in  the  forms  of 
staples  or  hooks,  not  less  than  one-quar- 
ter n -4")  inch  in  diameter,  oj-  the  equiva- 
lent in  other  sizes  or  shapes  satisfactory 
to  the  Board  of  Public  Works.  The  metal 
ties  shall  be  embedded  in  the  wall  or 
structural  parts  of  the  building,  not  less 
than  four  (4")  inches  and  the  ends  turn- 
ed over  to  give  a  mechanical  anchorage. 
Such  ties  shall  be  not  less  than  twelve 
(12")  inches  apart  horizontally  and  shall 
be  in  every  horizontal  joint  between 
courses. 

Sec.  125.  Veneering  Bond  on  Frame. 
Veneering  of  brick,  stone  or  terra  cotta 
may  be  pl^eed  on  any  frame  building  of 
not  more  than  two  (2)  stories  in  height, 
provided  that  on  buildings  of  more  than 
two  (2)  stories  in  height  such  veneering 
may  be  placed  so  that  the  same  will  not 
exceed  twentv-five  (2.5')  feet  in  height 
above  the  ground  level. 

All  buildings  on  which  any  such  veneer- 
ing is  placed  shall  first  be  sheathed  solid 
with  one   (1 )   inch  boards.     The  veneering 


shall  be  not  less  than  four  (4")  inches  in 
thickness,  and  shall  be  built  on  a  solid 
foundation  wall  not  less  than  twelve  (12") 
inches   thick. 

All  veneer  of  brick,  stone  or  cement 
stone  shall  be  bonded  back  into  the 
sheathing  by  galvanized  iron  strips  not 
less  than  one  inch  by  one  sixteenth  inch 
by  five  inches  (l"xl-16"x5")  long,  placed 
at  right  angles  to  the  face  of  the  wall, 
and  securely  nailed  to  the  sheathing. 
Such  bonding  ties  shall  be  placed  not 
more  than  twelve  (12")  inches  apart 
horizontally,  and  shall  be  in  every  hori- 
zontal joint  between  courses,  except  in 
brick  veneering  in  which  they  shall  be  in 
every  third  course. 

All  veneer  or  hollow  terra  cotta  tile 
shall  be  bonded  back  into  the  sheathing 
by  a  bent  clip  one  inch  by  one-eighth  inch 
by  five  inches  (I"xl-S"x5")  long,  securely 
nailed  to  the  sheathing  or  by  two  (2)  ten 
•  penny  nails  driven  into  the  sheathing" 
and  bent  over  the  tile. 

All  veneer  facings  of  architectural  terra 
cotta  shall  be  bonded  back  into  the 
sheathing  by  metal  ties  in  the  form  of 
staples'  or  hooks  not  less  than  one-quar- 
ter (1-4")  inch  in  diameter  or  the  equiva- 
lent in  other  sizes  or  shapes,  satisfactory 
to  the  Board  of  Public  Works.  Such  ties 
shall  extend  through  the  sheathing  with 
the  ends  turned  over  to  give  a  mechani- 
cal anchorage.  Such  ties  shall  be  not 
less  than  twelve  (12")  inches  apart  hori- 
zontally and  shall  be  in  every  horizontal 
joint  between  courses. 

Sec.  126.  Excavations. — Lateral  Sup- 
port. Every  person,  firm  or  corporation 
excavating  for  the  purpose  of  laying  the 
foundation  of  any  building  or  for  any 
other  purpose  whatever,  shall  support 
and  protect  from  damage  all  adjoining- 
land,  buildings,  streets,  alleys  and  side- 
walks, by  underpinning,  criblDing  or  shor- 
ing or  such  other  devise  as  will  prevent 
all  settling,  cracking  or  damage  what- 
ever. 

Sec.  127.  Standard  Depth.  The  depth 
of  twelve  (12)  feet  below  the  adjacent 
curb  level  is  hereby  fixed  as  the  stand- 
ard depth  of  foundations.  Any  person  ex- 
cavating to  a  greater  depth  than  the 
above  standard  shall  protect  the  adjoin- 
ing property  from  any  damage  due  to 
said  excavation.  No  person  constructing 
foundations  to  the  proper  or  standard 
depth  shall  be  liable  for  damages  to  con- 
tiguous buildings,  the  walls  of  which  have 
not  been  constructed  to  the  standard 
depth. 

Sec.  128.  Bearing  Capacity  of  Soils. 
The  maximimi  load  allowed  upon  any 
square  foot  of  various  kinds  or  ground 
shall  be  as  follows: 

Upon  firm  gravel  or  hard  clay  not  less 
than  eight  feet  below  the  surface,  four 
tons. 

Upon  soft  clay  or  adobe  not  less  than 
ten  feet  below   the  surface,   three  tons. 

Upon  firm  gravel  or  hard  clay  from 
three  to  six  feet  below  the  natural  sur- 
face,  three  tons. 

Upon  firm  gravel  or  hard  clay  less  than 
three  feet  below  the  natural  surface,  two 
tons. 

Upon   sandy   loam,    one   ton. 

Upon  soft  cla.v  or  adobe,  not  less  than 
two  feet  below  the  sin-face,   one  ton. 

All  footing  shall  be  extended  through 
the    surface    down    to    firm,    undisturbed 


66 


natural  ground.  AVhenever  wet  land  oc- 
curs and  proper  foundations  cannot  other- 
wise be  secured,  piles  shall  be  used  and 
driven,  capped  and  cut  oft  below  the 
water  line  in  such  manner  as  to  insure 
a  proper  and  safe,  durable  foundation. 

Sec.  129.  Safe  Loads  on  Masonry.  The 
safe  load  on  hard  burned  brick  laid  in 
lime  mortar  shall  not  exceed  eight  tons 
per  square  foot,  and  on  the  same  laid 
in  cement  mortar  shall  not  exceed  fifteen 
tons  per  square  foot.  The  safe  load  on 
Portland  cement  concrete  in  foundations 
shall  not  exceed  twenty  tons  per  square 
foot. 

Sec.  130.  Floor  and  Roof  Loads.  The 
floors  of  every  building  shall  be  con- 
structed to  carry  not  less  than  the  fol- 
lowing live  loads  per  square  foot,  with  a 
factor  of  safety  of  four: 

Warehouse,  wholesale  houses,  factorie.s 
and  store  buildings,  one  hundred  fifty 
(150)    pounds. 

Assembly  halls,  dancing  halls,  corridors 
of  public  buildings  and  hotels,  one  hun- 
dred twenty-five  (125)  pounds; 

Office  buildings,  seventy-five  (75) 
pounds;  . 

Apartment,  tenement,  hotel  and  lodg- 
ing house  building.s,  dwellings,  flats  and 
hospitals,    sixty    (60)    pounds; 

The  roof  of  every  building  shall  be  con- 
structed to  carry  not  less  than  the  fol- 
lowing live  loads  per  square  foot,  with 
a  factor  of  safety  of  four:  thirty  (30) 
pounds. 

(except  in  dwellings,  .sheds  and  out- 
buildings) ; 

Dwellings,  sheds  and  out-buildings, 
twenty    (20)    pounds; 

The  roof  of  any  building  designed  or 
intended  to  be  used  for  any  purpose  other 
than  ordinary  roof  usage  shall  be  con- 
structed to  carry  a  live  load  per  square 
foot,  with  a  factor  of  safet  yof  four,  suf- 
ficient to  sustain  all  loads  designed  or  in- 
tended to  be  carried  thereon. 

The  Board  of  Public  Works  shall  des- 
ignate the  classification  in  which  the 
floors  and  roof  of  any  building  shall  be 
included  in  the  event  that  any  such 
building  is  not  specially  enumerated 
in  this  section. 

Sec.  131.  Floor  Loads  m  Warehouses. 
Before  being  entitled  to  receive  a  pei'- 
mit  for  the  construction  or  erection  of 
any  building  designed  or  intended  to  be 
used  as  a  warehouse,  the  owner  of  such 
building  shall  deliver  to  and  file  with  the 
Board  of  Public  Works,  in  writing,  signed 
by  himself  and  by  some  person,  com- 
petent to  estimate  the  same,  a  certificate 
stating  the  live  load  with  a  factor  of 
safety  of  four,  which  each  and  every 
floor  and  roof  of  such  building  is  de- 
signed  and   constructed    to   sustain. 

Sec.  1311/2.  For  the  purpose  of  Section 
130  of  this  ordinance  a  warehouse  is  de- 
fined to  be  any  building  or  structure  used 
or  intended  or  designed  to  be  used  for 
housing  goods,  wares  and  merchandise, 
in  transit  from  the  consignor  to  the  con- 
signee thereof,  or  for  which  warehouse 
receipts  are  given  by  the  person,  firm  or 
corporation  owning  or  operating  such 
building  or  structure  to  the  person  leav- 
ing the  same  therein. 

Sec.  132.  Weights  of  Materials.  In 
computing  the  strength  and  weights  of 
walls,  floors  and  materials  a  cubic  foot 
of  material   shall  be   deemed   to  have   the 


weight  and  the  strength  given  in  the 
table  of  either  of  the  following  hand- 
books: F.  E.  Kidder's  "Architects'  and 
Engineers'  Pocket  Book,"  or  Haswell's 
"Mechanics  and  Engineers'  Pocket  Book" 
or  Trautwain's  Handbook. 

Sec.  133.  Roof  Drainage.  Every  build- 
ing within  Fire  Districts  Numbers  1,  2 
and  3  shall  be  provided  with  metallic 
water  conductors  of  sufficient  capacity 
to  convey  all  surface  drainage  from  the 
roof  to  the  street  or  alley  gutter.  Such 
water  conductors  shall  be  extended  from 
the  building  below  the  surface  of  the 
sidewalk  and  shall  not  extend  beyond  the 
curb  line  of  the  street. 

Sec.  134.  Cornices  and  Appendages. 
Every  cornice  or  gutter  on  any  building 
of  Ciass  "B"  or  Class  "C"  construction 
shall  be  made  of  non-combustible  ma- 
terial. Every_metal  cornice  shall  have 
riveted  joints  aM  shall  be  supported  by 
heavy  steel  brackets,  securely  braced  in 
such  manner  as  to  be  capable  of  sus- 
taining at  each  extreme  outer  point  a 
load  of  not  less  than  three  hundred 
pounds.  Such  brackets  shall  be  placed 
not  more  than  two  feet  six  inches  apart, 
from  center  to  center,  and  shall  be  se- 
curely anchored  into  the  brick  work  and 
to  the  roof;  should  they  extend  to  the 
roof  the  top  member  of  each  bracket  shall 
be  carried  through  the  masonry  to  the 
inside  thereof,  and  be  securely  anchored 
into  the  wall.  The  roof  or  covering  of 
any  cornice  may  be  sheathed  with  wood, 
provided  that  such  sheathing  shall  be  en- 
tirely covered  with  metal;  or,  where  com- 
position roof  is  used,  it  may  extend  to 
within  six  inches  of  front  edge  of  the 
cornice,  and  said  space  of  six  inches  shall 
be  covered  with  metal,  and  the  brick 
firewall  shall  be  extended  solidly  at  least 
to  the  under  side  of  the  boarding  which 
forms  the  top  of  the  cornice. 

Appendages  on  buildings  of  Class  "B" 
or  Class  "C"  such  as  skylights,  dormer 
windows,  gutter,  mouldings,  eaves,  par- 
apets, balconies,  bay  windows,  towers, 
spires,  ventilators,  turrets  and  lantern 
lights,  except  as  in  this  ordinance  pro- 
vided, shall  be  constructed  of  fireproof 
materials;  provided,  however,  that  any  of 
such  appendages  that  exceed  the  allowed 
limit  of  height  for  its  class,  shall  be 
wholly  fireproof,  and  that  floors,  roof 
boarding  and  joists  to  porches  and  bal- 
conies may  be  of  wood  with  no  concealed 
spaces  in  any  part  thereof,  and  with  no 
screen,  lattice  or  enclosure  except  that 
nn  open  rail  or  wire  guard  may  be  con- 
structed on  such  porch  or  balcony. 

STRUCTURES    ABOVE     ROOFS. 

Sec.  135.  No  structure  built  partly  or 
wholly  upon  or  above  the  roof  of  any 
building,  excepting  residences  or  dwellings 
shall  project  above  the  highest  point  of 
.such  roof  more  than  eight  feet,  except 
as  hereinafter  in  this  section  provided. 
Every  outside  wall  of  such  structure  (ex- 
cept Class  "D"  buildings)  on  any  street 
or  party  line  shall  be  of  masonry  in  build- 
ings of  Classes  "B",  or  "C",  the  wall? 
of  such  roof  sti'ucture  other  than  mason- 
ry walls,  shall  be  lathed  with  metal  lath 
on  both  sides  and  plastered;  or  such 
walls  may  be  sheathed  close  with  one-inch 
boards,  covered  with  lock-jointed  tin. 
All  ceilings  in  the  interior  of  such  struc- 
ture   shall    be    plastered    on    metal    lath. 


67 


LOS  ANGELES  MANUFACTURING  COMPANY 

Riveted  Steel,  Well  Casing,  Water  Pipe,  Smokestacks, 

Tanks,  Black  and  Galvanized  Irrigation  Pipe 

SHEET  METAL  WORK 

Phones:  Main  2132—29545  LOS  ANGELES,  CAL. 

Quotations    Promptly    Submitted 


The  total  area  of  such  roof  structures  on 
any  building  other  than  a  residence  or 
dwelling-  shall  not  exceed  two  hundred 
square  feet  for  each  five  thousand  square 
feet  of  area  of  the  upper  floor  surface  of 
such  building,  except  that  the  total  area 
of  any  such  roof  structures  erected  or 
constructed  upon  any  building  used  whol- 
ly as  a  brewery,  or  as  a  warehouse  for 
storage  of  grain  only  shall  not  exceed 
one-third  of  the  total  area  of  the  roof 
of  any  such  building.  The  total  area  of 
any  such  roof  structure  erected  or  con- 
structed wholly  upon  or  above  the  roof  of 
any  residence  or  dwelling  shall  not  exceed 
twenty  per  cent  of  the  total  area  of  the 
roof  of  such  bu'lding.  The  roof  of  every 
roof  structure  shall  be  constructed  in  the 
same  manner  and  of  the  same  materials 
as  the  roof  of  the  main  building. 

Upon  the  roof  of  buildings  of  Class  "A" 
construction  of  not  more  than  one  story 
in  height,  hand  ball  courts  occupying  an 
area  equal  to  the  area  of  such  roof  may 
be  constructed  as  hereinafter  provided: 

(a)  Every  exterior  wall  of  each  such 
court  within  twenty  feet  of  the  street 
front  of  such  building  shall  not  exceed 
ten  feet  in  heip;ht. 

(b)  The  partitions  or  the  exterior  walls 
other  than  exterior  walls,  mentioned  in 
subdivision  (a)  hereof,  shall  not  exceed 
twenty  feet  in  height  above  the  roof  of 
such  building. 

(c)  Each  wall  or  partition  of  each  such 
court  shall  be  constructed  of  reinforced 
concrete  and  shall  not  be  less  than  two 
inches   in   thickness. 

No  roof  or  other  covering  shall  be  con- 
structed  over  or  upon   any  such   court. 

[Tpon  buildings  of  Class  "A"  construc- 
tion not  exceed'ng  eight  stories  in  height 
and  the  roof  of  which  has  an  area  ex- 
ceeding twelve  thousand  square  feet, 
roof  structures  not  exceeding  one  story 
in  height  and  having  a  floor  area  of  not 
exceeding  three  thousand  square  feet  and 
used  for  the  purposes  of  a  photographic 
gjallery  onlv  may  be  erected:  provided, 
however,  that  all  material  used  in  the 
construction  of  such  roof  structures  shall 
be  of  the  kind  snecifled  in  this  ordinance 
for  Class  "A"  construction. 

STORAGE  TANKS  ABOVE  ROOFS. 
Sec.  136.  All  tanks  having  a  capacity 
of  more  than  five  hundred  (500)  gallons 
capable  of  containing  liquid  in  storage 
placed  in  any  story  or  on  or  above  the 
roof  of  any  building  of  Classes  "A,"   "B," 


and  "C"  construction,  shall  be  supported 
on  iron  or  steel,  reinforced  concrete  or 
brick  work;  and  all  such  supports  shall 
be  carried  down  to  the  foundation  of  the 
building  and  braced  at  each  floor  hne  as 
may  be  necessary  to  secure  a  rigid,  solid 
job. 

All  iron  and  steel  supports  of  such  tanks 
shall  be  fireproofed  as  provided  for  in 
Class  "A"  construction. 

Sec.  137.  Height  of  Stories.  In  build- 
ings of  Clas.ses  "A,"  "B"  and  "C"  the 
height  of  an  exterior  wall  in  any  one 
story  shall  not  exceed  fourteen  times  its 
thickness,  excepting  that  in  one-story 
buildings  the  height  of  such  walls  .shall 
be  not  more  than  sixteen  times  the  thick- 
ness of  the  walls. 

Sec.  138.  Ventilation  of  Water  Closets 
and  Urinals.  Every  apartment  or  room 
containing  a  water  closet  or  urinal  shall 
be  ventilated  by  means  of  a  window  open- 
ing directly  into  the  open  air,  or,  where 
it  is  impracticable  on  account  of  struc- 
tural features  to  obtain  such  window  to 
open  air,  the  Board  of  Public  Works  may 
approve  a  system  of  ventilation  by  means 
of  a  suitable  flue,  and,  if  necessary,  a 
system  of  forced  draught  may  be  required 
by  said  Board  of  Public  Wtarks. 

The  minimum  size  of  any  such  flue 
venting  an  apartment  or  room  containing" 
a  water  closet  or  urinal  shall  be,  if  run 
vertically,  not  less  than  fifty  (50  sq.  in.) 
square  inches,  and  if  run  horizontally,  not 
less  than  one  hundred  forty  square  inches 
(140  sq.  in.).  These  flues  or  vents  must 
extend  to  the  outer  air. 

Sec.  139.  Measurements  for  Buildings. 
For  the  purpose  of  this  ordinance  the 
greatest  linear  ground  dimensions  of  any 
building  shall  be  its  length,  and  the  next 
greatest  linear  ground  dinnension  its 
width. 

The  height  of  buildings  shall  be  meas- 
ured from  the  curb  level  at  the  center 
of  the  front  of  building  to  the  top  of  the 
highest  point  of  the  building. 

For  buildings  on  a  street  cornei-  the 
measurements  shall  be  taken  from  the 
curb  level  opposite  the  center  of  the  front 
thereof  in  which  is  located  the  principal 
entrance  to  such  building. 

When  the  ground  upon  which  the  walls 
of  the  structure  are  built  is  above  the 
street  level,  the  height  of  the  building 
mav  be  measured  from  the  average  level 
of  the  gi'ound   adjacent  to  the  walls. 

Sec.  140.  Floor  Lights.  Floor  lights 
used    for    transmission    of    light    to    floors 


68 


below,  shall  be  constructed  of  metal 
frames  and  bars  or  plate  and  any  light 
of  glass  therein  exceeding-  in  area  sixteen 
square  inches  shall  be  provided  with  a 
mesh  of  wire  either  in  the  glass  or  under 
the  same,  and  the  floor  lights  shall  be  of 
the  same  proportional  strength  as  the 
floors  in  which  they  are  placed. 

Sec.  141.  Standard  Fire  Doors  and 
Shutters  Required.  Every  exterior  win- 
dow or  opening  in  any  building  of  Class 
"A,"  Clas.s  "B"  or  Cla.ss  "C"  construction 
within  Fire  Districts  Nos.  1  and  2,  situ- 
ated within  thirty  feet  in  any  direction  of 
a  wall  or  root  of  any  building  or  an  adja- 
cent wall  of  the  same  building,  other  than 
a  blank  masonry  wall,  shall  have  hollow 
metal  frames  and  sash,  glazed  with  wire 
glass  not  less  than  one  quarter  (1/4) 
inch  thick,  no  light  of  said  glass  shall  be 
larger  than  forty-two  by  seventy-two 
inches.  Said  metal  frames  and  sash  shall 
be  constructed  of  heavy  galvanized  iron, 
and  all  joints  shall  be  locked  and  riveted 
without  solder,  or  such  openings  may  be 
protected  with  any  fire  window  frame 
and  sash  which  has  been  approved  by 
the  "Underwriters  Laboratories,  Inc.", 
and  which  bears  thereon  the  label  of  ap- 
proval of  such  "Underwriters  Laborato- 
ries, Inc.",  or  such  openings  inay  be 
protected  in  the  following  manner:  For 
window  openings  and  openings  other  than 
door  openings,  fire  shutters  inay  be  used 
and  shall  be  constructed  and  arranged 
as  herein  provided.  For  door  openings, 
metal  covered  doors  and  frames  may  be 
used.  Such  openings  either  for  doors, 
windows  or  other  openings,  may  be  pro- 
tected with  rolling-  iron  or  steel  shutters, 
counterbalanced  in  such  a  inanner  as  to 
be  readily  opened  from  both  sides.  All 
metal  sash,  metal  covered  doors  and  fire 
shutters  shall  be  hung  in  such  a  manner 
as  to  be  easily  opened  from  both  sides, 
and  all  locks  or  fastenings  used  on  any 
metal  sash,  inetal  covered  door,  fire 
shutter  or  rolling  steel  shutter  shall  be 
of  a  kind  which  may  be  readily  broken 
in  case  of  fire. 

The  provisions  of  this  section  .shall  not 
apply  to  dwellings,  churches  or  school 
houses,  nor  to  any  opening  in  an  adja- 
cent wall  of  the  same  building  where  such 
wall  is  the  wall  of  an  exterior  light  court 
at  the  side  or  rear  of  such  building, 
breaking  not  more  than  nine  feet  into  the 
building,  unless  any  .^uch  opening  in  such 
court  wall  Is  located  within  thirty  feet 
of  another  building  other  than  a  blank 
masonry  wall:  nor  .shall  the  provisions  of 
this  section  apply  to  any  opening  in  the 
street  front  of  any  building,  or  to  any 
opening  in  a  court  on  the  street  front  of 
any  building. 

Communication  Openings: 

The  aggregate  width  of  openings 
through  exterior  division  or  party  walls 
whereby  communication  is  made  with  an 
adjoining  building  or  room  shall  not  ex- 
ceed 25  per  cent  of  the  total  length  of 
said  walls  in  any  one  story,  nor  shall  any 
opening  therein  exceed  10  feet  in  width 
or  height,  and  shall  have  metal  covered 
standard  fire  doors  on  each  side  of  each 
such  opening,  constructed  and  arranged 
as  specified  in  this  section,  or  such  open- 
ings shall  have  rolling  iron  or  steel  shut- 
ters, provided  such  shutters  shall  be 
counterbalanced  in  such  a  manner  as  to 
be   readily   opened   from   both    sides;    pro- 


vided, however,  that  the  provisions  of 
this  section  regulating  communication 
openings  shall  not  be  deemed  to  apply 
to  any  abutting  Class  "A"  buildings  in 
which  the  combined  area  of  any  floor  be- 
tween exterior,  party,  or  division  walls  in 
both  buildings  does  not  exceed  thirty-five 
thousand  (35,000)  square  feet  of  unsprin- 
klered,  or  does  not  exceed  seventy-five 
thousand  (75,000),  square  feet  if  sprinkler- 
ed;  in  which  event  the  said  exterior,  divi- 
sion or  party  walls  between  such  abut- 
ting Class   "A"   building  may  be  omitted. 

Construction:  All  doors  for  communi- 
cating openings  and  all  fire  shutters 
shall  be  constructed  in  conformity  with 
the  following  specifications,  and  shall  be 
deemed  to  be  for  the  purpose  of  this  or- 
dinance, the  "standard  fire  door"  or  "fire 
shutter." 

Such  doors  shall  be  constructed  of  three 
thicknesses  of  matched  redwood  boards, 
and  such  shutters  shall  be  constructed  of 
two  thicknesses  of  matched  redwood 
boards.  In  each  case  such  boards  shall 
not  be  over  six  Inches  wide  and  shall 
be  placed  at  right  angles  to  each  other,  or 
shall  cross  diagonally  and  be  nailed  with 
wire  nails  clinched.  Such  doors  or  shut- 
ters shall  be  covered  on  both  sides  and 
on  all  edges  with  sheet  tin  not  more  than 
fourteen  inches  by  twenty  inches  in  size, 
joined  together  with  lock  joints  and  nailed 
to  the  woodwork,  nails  to  be  driven  inside 
the  lap  and  the  joints;  hammered  down 
over  the  nail  heads.  No  solder  shall  be 
used.  The  hinges,  bolts  and  latches  of 
such  doors  shall  be  secured  or  fastened 
to  the  door  or  shutter  after  the  tin  has 
been  nailed  on.  No  such  door  shall  be 
less  than  two  and  three  fourths  inches  in 
thickness  and  no  such  shutter  shall  be 
less  than  one  and  three-fourths  inches  in 
thickness. 

Swinging  doors  or  shutters  shall  extend 
three  inches  over  the  masonry  at  the 
sides  and  top  of  the  doorway  or  opening, 
or  may  close  into  an  opening,  provided 
the  walls  be  rabbeted  thi-ee  inches  at  the 
top  and  sides.  In  all  cases  such  doors 
and  shutters  shall  shut  close  upon  mason - 
ly  at  the  top,  bottom  and  sides,  or  inay 
be  made  to  .shut  close  upon  a  steel  or  iron 
sill  at  the  bottom. 

All  sliding  doors  shall  extend  three 
inches  over  the  inasonry  at  the  sides  and 
top  of  the  doorway  or  opening,  and  when 
such  sliding  doors  are  closed  such  doors 
shall  fit  close  at  bottom  upon  the  mason- 
ry or  upon  a  steel  or  iron  sill. 

Hinges  and  hangers  shall  be  of  strong 
wi'ought  iron  and  fastened  to  the  door 
or  shutter  with  bolt  and  nuts.  Latches 
shall  be  so  arranged  on  the  shutters  that 
they  can  be  opened  from  both  sides. 

The  rail  or  track  for  sliding  doors  shall 
be  heavy  enough  to  withstand  heat  with- 
out warping  and  every  rail,  track  or 
hinge  shall  be  secured  to  the  wall  by 
bolts  passing  through  the  wall  or  by 
"exnansion"  bolts.  The  track  may  be 
made  of  common  flat  bar  steel  not  less 
than  three-eighths  inch  thick  and  four 
inches  wide,  bolted  to  the  wall  -witn 
three-fourths  inch  bolts.  The  distance 
of  the  tracks  from  the  wall  may  be  regu- 
lated by  wa.shers. 

Stops  shall  be  placed  so  as  to  prevent 
the  door  from  rolling  off  the  track,  at 
either  end,  and  hold  it  in  position  when 
closed. 


69 


Sec.  142.  Standard  Fire  Resisting  Door. 
For  the  purpose  of  this  ordinance,  any 
door  con.structed  in  accordance  with  the 
following  specifications  shall  be  deemed 
to  be  the  '"standard  fire  resisting  door," 
and  may  be  used  where  by  this  ordinance 
it  is  required  on  a  fire  escape  and  smolie 
tower.  Every  such  door  shall  be  not  less 
than  one  and  one-half  (11/2")  inch  thici< 
and  shall  not  exceed  four  (4')  feet  in 
width  nor  seven  feet  six  inches  (7'6")  in 
lieight.  Such  doors  shall  be  constructed 
of  hollow  metal  or  meta!  covered  wood 
or  of  wire  glass  not  less  than  one-quar- 
ter (1-4")  inch  thick  or  a  combination  of 
these  materials.  Such  door  shall  be  hung 
on  hollow  metal  or  metal  covered  wood 
frame  in  a  rigid  and  substantial  man- 
ner. 

Any  type  of  a  door  which  has  been  ap- 
proved by  the  "Underwriters  Laborato- 
lies.  Inc.,",  and  which  bears  thereon  the 
label  of  approval  of  such  "Underwriters 
l>aboratories,  Inc.",  shall  be  deemed  to 
comply  with  the  provisions  of  this  sec- 
tion. 

Sec.  143.  Garages.  It  .shall  be  unlawful 
for  any  person,  firm  or  corporation  to 
store  or  keep,  or  to  cause  or  permit  to 
be  stored  or  kept,  any  oil,  gasoline  or 
fuel  of  any  kind  in  any  private  garage, 
unless  the  floor  of  such  garage  shall  be 
of  fireproof  material,  or  of  wood  covered 
with  concrete  not  less  than  two  inches 
thick. 

For  the  purpose  of  this  section  the  term 
"private  garage"  is  defined  to  be  a  build- 
ing where  one  or  more  automobiles  are 
kept  or  stored  for  private  use  only,  and 
are  not  rented  to  or  hired  by  the  pub- 
lic, and  where  no  charge  is  made  for  the 
storage  of  the  same. 

(NOTE— SEE  ALSO  SPECIAL  ORDI- 
NANCE ON   GARAGES). 

Sec.  144.  Reviewing  Stands.  Every  re- 
viewing stand  shall  be  constiucted  with 
four  inch  by  six  inch  stringers  running 
parallel  to  the  front  of  such  stand,  spaced 
at  distances  not  exceeding  six  feet  apart, 
and  supported  at  distances  not  exceeding 
six  feet  apart  by  posts  of  not  less  than 
four  inches  by  six  inches.  These  posts 
shall  be  braced  diagonally,  forming  a 
continuous  herringbone  bracing  the  full 
length  of  such  stand  for  each  vertical  six 
feet  of  such  posts.  The  girders  at  the 
top  of  the  posts  shall  be  braced  with 
biaces  not  less  than  four  inches  by  four 
inches,  at  right  angles  to  the  joists  above 
the  girders.  Every  post  or  brace  shall 
be  thoroughly  secured  to  a  foot  plate 
which  shall  be  of  Oregon  pine  not  less 
than  three  inches  by  six  inches  in  cross 
section  laid  solidly  on  the  ground  at  right 
angles  to  the  front  of  the  stand  and 
foiming  the  base  for  each  line  of  posts. 
There  shall  be  joists  resting  on  the  gird- 
ers of  not  less  than  two  inches  by  eight 
inches,  cross  section.  Such  joists  shall  be 
spaced  not  exceeding  forty  inches  apart, 
if  two  inch  plank  be  used  lor  the  sides 
and  steps.  If  one  inch  lumber  be  used 
for  the  sides  and  steps,  then  the  joists 
shall  not  be  spaced  more  than  twenty 
inches  from  center  to  center.  Braces  shall 
be  provided  whenever  necessary  to  make 
a  solid,  substantial  structure,  which  shall 
be  safe  under  any  possible  emergency.  All 
timbers  forming  the  framing  shall  be 
thoroughly  spiked  together.  No  bracing 
.shall  be  made  of  less  than  two  inch  lum- 


ber. There  shall  be  a  level  stringer  of 
two  inches  by  six  inches  cross  section  at 
tiie  bottom  of  each  line  of  posts,  parallel 
to  the  stand;  also  a  horizontal  piece  of 
two  inches  by  six  inches  cross  section 
the  full  length  of  the  stand  and  at  i-ight 
angles  to  same  for  every  row  of  posts, 
and  every  six  feet  of  vertical  height 
thereof.  All  timbers  used  in  the  con- 
struction of  reviewing  stands  shall  be  of 
sound  Oregon  pine  (Washington  fir). 
Wherever  the  stand,  or  a  portion  thereof, 
extends  over  an  excavation,  the  posts 
shall  be  extended  to  the  bottom  of  said 
excavation  and  shall  be  braced  with 
horizontal  braces  as  hereinbefore  pro- 
vided. 

OUTBUILDINGS,  TENTS  AND  SHEDS. 

Sec.  145.  It  shall  be  unlawful  for  any 
person,  firm  or  corporation  to  erect,  con- 
struct or  maintain  any  outbuilding  with- 
in Fire  Districts  Num^bers  1,  2  and  3, 
unless  the  same  is  of  Class  "A",  Class 
"B"  or  Class  "C"  construction;  provid- 
ed, that  such  an  outbuilding  not  more 
than  twelve  feet  in  height  and  having  an 
area  of  not  more  than  four  hundred 
square  feet  may  be  constructed  with 
eight  inch  masonry  walls. 

Temporary  enclosed  wooden  sheds,  not 
to  exceed  twenty  feet  in  height,  may  be 
erected  within  Fire  Districts  Numbers  1, 
2,  .3  and  4  to  facilitate  the  erection  of 
buildings,  but  when  such  buildings  are 
completed  such  sheds  shall  be  removed. 

Every  extension  of  any  building  with- 
in Fire  Districts  Numbers  i,  2  and  3  in 
the  form  of  an  addition  or  separate  struc- 
ture of  any  size  or  for  any  purpose  shall 
be  constructed  in  the  same  manner  as 
buildings  of  Class  "A,"  Class  "B"  or 
Class    "C." 

It  shall  be  unlawful  for  any  person, 
firm  or  corporation  to  erect,  maintain  or 
occupy  any  tent  or  movable  structure  of 
any  kind  whatsoever  within  Fire  Dis- 
tricts  Numbers  1,   2,   3  and  4. 

For  the  purpose  of  this  ordinance  a 
tent  is  hereby  defined  to  be  a  pavilion, 
canvas  house,  umbrella,  booth  or  other 
structure  with  or  without  walls  or  other 
side  enclosures. 

Umbrella  sheds  or  sheds  used  for  the 
protection  of  persons,  goods,  wares  or 
merchandise  on  premises  occupied  as 
railroad  stations,  or  on  overhead  struc- 
tures used  for  the  operation  of  street  or 
interurban  railway  cars  and  located  in 
Fire  Districts  Numbers  1,  2,  3  or  4  shall 
be  constructed  with  steel,  reinforced  con- 
crete or  cast  iron  supporters.  The  loof  of 
every  such  shed  shall  be  constructed  of 
steel,  asbestos,  corrugated  roofing,  re- 
inforced concrete  or  wire  glass,  and  such 
roof  and  every  support  shall  be  con- 
structed capable  of  sustaining  a  live  load 
of  not  less  than  40  lbs.  for  each  square 
foot  of  roof  area  with  a  factor  of  safety 
of  four. 

Temporary  umbrella  sheds  of-  sheds 
used  for  the  protection  of  persons,  goods, 
wares  or  merchandise  on  premises  used 
or  occupied  for  street  or  interurban  rail- 
way stations  or  upon  overhead  structures 
used  for  the  operation  of  street  or  inter- 
urban railway  cais  located  in  Fire  Dis- 
trict Number  1,  may  be  constructed  with 
wood  suppoi'ts  and  with  wood  composi- 
tions or  corrugated  iron  roofs. 

Temporary    stairways,      ramps     or     In- 


70 


clines  leading  from  any  such  overhead 
structure  to  the  ground  within  Fire  Dis- 
trict Number  1  may  be  constructed  vt 
wood  with  roof  of  wood,  corrugated  iron 
or  composition   roofing. 

It  shall  be  unlawful  to  erect,  construct 
or  maintain  any  such  shed  after  the  ex- 
piration of  three  years  from  the  date  this 
ordinance   becomes  effective. 

It  shall  be  unlawful  for  any  person, 
firm  or  corporation  to  erect,  construct  or 
maintain,  or  to  cause  to  be  erected,  con- 
structed or  maintained,  any  awning  over 
any  premises  or  any  portion  thereof 
within  Fire  Districts  Numbers  1,  2,  3  and 
4,  except  over  an  entrance  to  or  windovS 
of  a  building,  or  any  such  awning  that 
is  of  a  greater  width  than  the  width  of 
the  entrance  or  window  over  which  the 
same  is  maintained,  or  any  awning  that 
shall  extend  more  than  six  feet  from  the 
wall  of  such  building,  provided,  however, 
that  nothing  contamed  in  this  section 
shall  be  deemed  to  apply  to  any  awning, 
canopy  or  marquise  erected  or  construct- 
ed on  any  building  used  or  occupied  as  a 
railway  depot  or  railroad  station  in  ac- 
cordance with  the  provisions  of  Section 
153   of  this   ordinance. 

Sec.  146.  Stables.  It  shall  be  unlawful 
for  any  person,  firm  or  corporation  to 
erect  or  use,  or  to  cause  or  permit  to  be 
erected  or  used,  any  building  for  the  pur- 
pose of  stabling  animals  above  the  first 
or  ground  floor  thereof,  or  to  cause  or 
permit  any  animals  to  be  kept  in  any 
building  above  the  first  oi-  ground  floor 
thereof,  unless  such  building  be  con- 
structed as  hereinbefore  provided  for 
buildings  of  Class  "A"  construction;  pro- 
vided, however,  that  the  provisions  of 
this  section  shall  not  apply  to  buildings 
in  use  for  such  purpose  at  the  time  of 
the  passage  of  this  ordinance. 

Sec.  147.  Ceiling  for  Stores.  In  build- 
ings of  Class  "B,"  the  ceilings  over  the 
door  spaces  thereof  used  as  stores  only, 
may  be  constructed  of  wood  on  metal 
lath  and  plaster. 

In  buildings  of  Class  "C,"  the  ceilings 
over  the  floor  spaces  thereof,  used  as 
stores  only,  may  be  constructed  of  wood; 
provided,  however,  that  where  metal  lath 
and  plaster  is  required  for  the  ceiling  of 
the  first  story  of  such  building,  such  ceil- 
ing over  such  store  floor  space  may  be 
ceiled  with  wood  on  the  metal  lath  and 
plaster. 

Sec.  148.  Demolition  of  Buildings.  It 
shall  be  unlawful  for  any  person,  firm  or 
corporation  to  demolish  any  building,  or 
to  cause  or  permit  the  same  to  be  de- 
molished except  as  herein  pi-ovided.  In 
demolishing  any  building,  one  story  shall 
be  completely  reinoved  before  the  demoli- 
tion of  another  story  is  begun.  No  ma- 
terial shall  be  placed  upon  the  floor  of 
any  such  building  in  the  course  of  de- 
molition, but  the  brick,  timbers  and  other 
structural  parts  of  each  story  shall  be 
lowered  to  the  ground  immediately  upon 
disDiacement.  The  owner.  architect, 
builder  or  contractor  of  any  building, 
structure,  premises,  wall,  platform,  stag- 
ing or  flooring  to  be  demolished  shall  give 
not  less  than  twenty-four  hours'  previous 
notice  to  the  Board  of  Public  Works  of 
such     intended    demolition. 

Sec.  149.  Use  of  Sidewalks  and  Streets. 
It  shall  be  unlawful  foi'  any  person,  firm 
or  corporation   to  commence   the   erection 


of  any  building  abutting  upon  any  side- 
walk, or  to  continue  the  erection  thereof 
unless  there  shall  exist  along  the  center 
line  of  such  sidewalk  a  good  and  sub- 
stantial board  fence  at  least  twelve  feet 
high,  enclosing  the  inner  half  of  the 
width  of  such  sidewalk  so  as  to  protect 
pedestrians  from  anything  falling  from 
such  building. 

It  shall  be  unlawful  for  any  person,  firm 
or  corporation  to  make  any  excavation 
in  that  part  of  any  sidewalk  lying  be- 
tween the  curb  line  and  the  center  line 
thereof,  unless  there  shall  exist  over 
such  excavation  a  good  and  substantial 
tempoiary  walk  so  constructed  and  main- 
tained a.s  at  all  times  to  afford  safe,  free 
and  unobstructed  passage  for  pedestrians 
over  and  along  all  that  part  of  such  side- 
walk above  mentioned,  and  constructed 
and  maintained  on  a  level  with  the  sur- 
face of  the  street  or  at  an  elevation  of 
not  more  than  four  feet  above  the  same, 
having  steps  at  each  end  and  a  railing 
not  less  than  three  feet  high  along  the 
edge  thereof  nearest  the  street. 

It  shall  be  unlawful  for  any  person, 
firm  or  corporation  to  fail  or  neglect  to 
have  at  least  one  half  of  the  width  of 
the  sidewalk  and  not  less  than  ten  feet  of 
the  width  of  any  alley  unobstructed  and 
free  of  rubbish  at  all  times,  except  that 
a  passageway  across  such  space  may  be 
used   for   carriage   of  materials. 

Sec.  150.  Basements  Under  Sidewalks. 
In  all  buildings  where  any  portion  of  the 
space  undei'  the  sidewalk  is  excavated 
the  walls  surrounding  such  excavation 
.shall  be  not  less  than  twelve  inches  in 
thickness,  unless  they  act  as  retaining 
walls,  and,  in  such  case,  such  retaining 
walls  .shall  be  of  the  thickness  prescribed 
for  retaining  walls  by  this  ordinance. 

Where  the  City  of  Los  Angeles  or  any 
department,  board  or  commission  there- 
of, desires  to  install  a  fire  hydrant  the 
connecting  pipe  of  which  extends  into 
such  basement,  the  owner  or  occupant  of 
the  basement  .shall  upon  demand  of  said 
city,  enclose  said  pipe  within  masonry 
walls,  not  less  than  eight  (8)  inches  in 
thickness,  plastered  on  both  sides  with 
cement  plaster  and  extending  from  the 
floor  to  the  ceiling  of  such  basement. 

Sec.  151.  Sidewalk  Protection.  It  shall 
be  unlawful  for  any  person,  firm  or  cor- 
poration erecting  any  building  flush  with 
the  sidewalk  within  Fire  Districts  Num- 
bers 1,  2,  3  and  4,  to  fail  or  neglect  at  all 
times,  during  the  construction,  altera- 
tion, demolition  or  repair  thereof,  to 
erect  or  maintain  a  temporary  canopy  at 
least  ten  feet  above  the  sidewalk  the  full 
width  of  the  sidewalk,  constructed  as 
herein  provided.  Such  canopy  shall 
have  a  curb  at  least  twelve  inches  high 
on  the  outer  edge  and  at  each  end  there- 
of. If  such  canopy  is  used  for  the  storage 
of  materials  additional  supports  shall  be 
provided  which  will  safely  sustain  such 
materials  with  a  factor  of  safety  of  foui-. 
Such  canopy  shall  he  constructed  of  a 
four  inch  by  eight  inch  fir  stringer  placed 
on  edge,  resting  upon  the  top  of  four 
inch  by  six  inch  fir  posts  placed  not  more 
than  twelve  feet  apart,  in  not  to  exceed 
three  lines  parallel  to  such  building,  upon 
which  shall  rest  two  inch  by  ten  inch  fir 
.ioists  placed  not  more  than  four  feet 
apart.  Such  joists  shall  be  covered  with 
fir    planks    not    less    than    two    inches    by         i 


71 


eight  inches  laid  close  together.  All 
joints  in  such  covering  shall  be  made  upon 
joists.  At  all  angles  made  by  such  post 
stringers  and  joists,  such  angles  shall  be 
braced  with  a  two  inch  by  four  inch  fir 
biace  not  less  than  four  feet  long. 

Sec.  152.  Projections.  No  bay  window, 
balcony  or  projection  other  than  a  cor- 
nice shall  extend  over  any  public  street 
or  alley  within  Fiie  Districts  Numbers  1, 
2,  3  and  4,  except  that  a  balcony  not  less 
than  twelve  feet  from  the  ground  and 
constructed  of  wrought  or  cast  iron,  stone 
or  terra  cotta  and  capable  of  sustaining 
a  load  of  two  hundred  pounds  per  square 
foot,  may  project  not  more  than  three 
feet  over  any  street  or  alley.  Outside  of 
the  said  Fire  Districts  Numbers  1,  2,  ,3 
and  4,  no  bay  window,  balcony  or  other 
projection  shall  extend  more  than  three 
feet  over  any  street  or  alley,  or  be  less 
than  twelve  feet  above  the  sidewalk,  and 
no  such  bay  window,  balcony  or  other 
projection  shall  be  constructed  over  any 
street  or  alley  having  a  width  of  less  than 
thirty   feet. 

AWNINGS 

Sec.  153.  It  shall  be  unlawful  for  any 
person,  firm  or  corporation  to  erect,  con- 
:struct  or  maintain  over  any  sidewalk,  or 
part  thereof,  any  awning  otherwise  than 
as  provided  in  this  ordinance. 

Every  awning  or  covering  erected,  con- 
structed or  maintained  over  any  side- 
walk, or  part  thereof,  shall  be  construct- 
ed of  canvas  on  a  metal  frame,  which 
frame  shall  be  attached   to   a   building. 

Every  canvas  awning  or  covering  erect- 
ed, constructed  or  maintained  over  any 
sidewalk,  or  part  thereof,  shall  be,  when 
lowered,  at  least  eight  feet  above  such 
sidewalk  at  its  lowest  point,  and  shall 
not  extend  over  such  sidewalk  for  a 
greater  distance  than  two  thirds  of  the 
distance  from  the  building,  to  which 
such  awning  is  attached,  to  the  outer 
edge  of  such  sidewalk  immediately  in 
front  of  such  building;  provided  that  a 
hanging  border  may  drop  vertically 
theiefrom  to  a  point  not  less  than  seven 
feet  above  the  sidewalk. 

It  shall  be  unlawful  for  any  person, 
firm  or  corporation,  to  erect,  constiuct  or 
maintain  over  any  sidewalk  or  part  there- 
of, any  metal  canopy  or  marquise  othc- 
wise   than   as  provided  in   this   section. 

Metal  canopies  or  marquise  may  be 
constructed  over  sidewalks  at  the  main 
entrance  to  buildings;  provided,  however, 
that  no  .=uch  canopy  or  marquise  .shall  be 
erected,  constructed  or  maintained  so  as 
to  cover  a  store  front  or  any  part  of  such 
store  front  except  the  main  entrance  to 
such  store.  Such  canopy  or  marquise 
shall  not  be  erected,  constructed  or 
maintained  in  front  of  any  building  that 
is  less  than  two  stories  in  height.  Such 
canopy  or  marquise  shall  not  extend  ovei' 
any  sidewalk  for  a  greater  distance  than 
two  thirds  of  the  distance  from  the  build- 
ing, to  which  such  canopy  or  marquise 
is  attached,  to  the  outer  edge  of  such 
sidewalk  immediatel\-  in  front  of  such 
building.  Each  such  canopy  or  marquise 
shall  be  constructed  of  wrought  or  cast 
iron,  bronze  or  other  solid  cast  or  wrought 
metal  and  each  such  canopy  or  marquise 
shall  be  supported  entirely  by  metal 
frames  and  supports.  The  roof  of  each 
such  canopy  or  marqui.=e  shall  be  of  wire 


glass  set  and  supported  in  metal  frames. 
All  other  glass  used  in  any  such  canopy 
or  marquise  shall  be  wire  glass.  The  low- 
est point  of  any  portion  of  any  such  can- 
opy or  marquise,  including  the  supports 
thereof,  shall  not  be  less  than  eight  feet 
six  inches  in  the  clear,  above  every  por- 
tion of  the  sidewalk  beneath  such  canopy 
or  marquise.  Each  such  canopy  or  mar- 
quise shall  be  supported  with  metal  rods 
or  chains,  from  above,  secured  to  the 
walls  of  the  building.  Every  support, 
frame  and  constructive  part  of  such  can- 
opy or  marquise  shall  be  of  such  strength 
as  to  sustain  six  times  the  weight  of  such 
canopy  or  marquise  and  every  such  can- 
opy or  marquise  shall  be  tested  at  any 
time  when  required  by  the  Board  of 
Public  Works  for  the  purpose  of  ascer- 
taining the  strength  thereof. 

Each  such  canopy  or  marquise  shall  be 
provided  with  gutters  and  conductors  of 
sufficient  size  to  carry  the  water  from 
such  canopy  or  marquise  to  the  street 
gutter.  Each  such  conductor  shall  be 
placed  within  the  wall  of  the  building 
and  below  the  surface  of  the  sidewalk. 
No  post  or  other  support  or  appliance  of 
any  such  canopy  or  marquise  .shall  be 
placed,  erected  or  maintained  upon  any 
portion  of  any  sidewalk. 

Provided,  however,  that  in  Fire  Dis- 
trict Number  1,  awnings,  marquise  or 
canopies  may  be  constructed  over  any 
premises  used  for  railway  depots  of  one 
or  more  stories  in  height  and  any  such 
awnings,  marquise  or  canopies  may  ex- 
tend over  the  sidewalk  in  front  of  any 
such  building  upon  which  the  same  is 
constructed  but  shall  not  extend  beyond 
the  curb  or  curb  line  thereof,  and  shall  in 
no  event  extend  a  greater  distance  than 
40  feet  fTom  the  face  of  the  building.  Ev- 
ery such  awning,  marquise  or  canopy, 
constiucted  over  any  such  premises  or 
such  premises  and  sidewalk  shall  be  sup- 
ported by  pillars  of  iron,  steel  or  rein- 
forced concrete,  or  by  chains  or  rods  at- 
tached to  the  building  as  hereinabove 
provided.  No  such  pillar  shall  be  placed 
in  any  public  stieet  or  alley.  The  roof 
of  everj'  such  awning,  marquise  or  can- 
opy shall  be  constructed  of  wire  glass, 
metal  or  reinforced  concrete;  every  such 
awning,  marquise  or  canopy  shall  be  pro- 
vided with  gutters  and  conductors  of  the 
kind  or  type  herein  required  and  every 
suppoit,  flame  or  constructive  part  of  any 
such  awning,  marquise  or  canopy  shall  be 
of  such  strength  as  to  sustain  six  times 
the  weight  of  such  awning,  marquise 
or  canopy  and  .shall  be  tested  as  to  the 
strength  thereof  at  any  time  requii'ed  by 
the   Board  of  T'ublic   \A"orks. 

Provided,  furthei-,  that  awnings  con- 
structed of  metal  ma>-  be  erected  and  at- 
tached to  buildings  subject  to  the  same 
provisions  prescribed  by  this  ordinance 
regulating  canvas  awnings,  except  that 
no  such  metal  awning  shall  be  erected  on 
the  first  story  of  any  building  where  it  is 
intended  or  proposed  that  such  metal 
awning  is  to  extend  into  or  over  any  pub- 
lic sidewalk,  street  or  alley,  and  ail  such 
metal  awnings  shall  be  of  a  type  which 
may  be  readilv  lowered  and  raised  and 
when  ra'sed  will  fold  or  collapse  flat 
against  the  building. 

(NOTE:  A  SPECIAL  PERMIT  MUST 
BE  OBTAINED  FROM  THE  MUNICI- 
PAL    ART    COMMISSION      AS     TO      THE 


72 


LOCATION  AND  DESIGN  OF  MAR- 
QUISE OR  CANOPIES  EXTENDING 
OVER  THE  SIDEWALK). 

Sec.  153 -A.  It  shall  be  unlawful  for  any 
person,  flrin  or  corporation  to  erect,  con- 
struct or  maintain,  or  cause  or  per- 
mit to  be  erected,  constructed  or  main- 
tained, any  awning-,  over  any  premises, 
or  any  portion  thereof,  except  over  an 
entrance  to  or  window  of  a  building',  or 
any  such  awning'  that  is  of  a  greater 
width  than  the  width  of  the  entrance  or 
window  over  which  the  same  is  main- 
tained, or  any  awning  that  shall  extend 
i"nore  than  .six  feet  from  the  wall  of  such 
building  in  that  portion  of  Fire  District 
Number  1,  outside  of  the  following  de- 
scribed  portion   thereof,    to  wit: 

Beginning  at  a  point  on  the  easterly 
line  of  Alameda  Street,  distant  one  hun- 
dred fifty  (150)  feet  northerly,  measured 
at  right  angles,  froin  the  northerly  line 
of  Macy  Street;  thence  easterly  and  par- 
allel with  the  northerly  line  of  Macy 
Street  to  a  point  in  the  center  line  of 
the  Official  Bed  of  the  Los  Angeles 
River;  thence  southerly  along  the  said 
center  line  of  the  Los  Angeles  River  to 
its  interesection  with  a  line  parallel  with 
and  one  hundred  fifty  (150)  feet  south- 
erly, measured  at  right  angles  from  the 
easterly  prolongation  of  the  southerly 
line  of  that  portion  of  Ninth  Street  lying 
westerly  of  said  Los  Angeles  River; 
thence  westerly  parallel  with  and  one 
hundred  fifty  (150)  feet  distant  southerly 
from  the  southerly  line  of  Ninth  Street 
in  all  of  its  various  courses  to  a  point 
distant  one  hundred  fifty  (150)  feet  west- 
erly measured  at  right  angles  from  the 
westerly  line  of  Los  Angeles  Street; 
thence  northerly  and  parallel  with  the 
westerly  line  of  Los  Angeles  Street  in  all 
of  its  various  courses  to  a  point  in  the 
southerly  line  of  Arcadia  Street;  thence 
easterly  in  a  direct  line  to  the  northeast- 
erly corner  of  Arcadia  Street  and  San- 
chez Street;  thence  northerly  in  a  direct 
line  to  the  southeasterly  corner  of  San- 
chez Street  and  Plaza  Street;  thence 
easterly  along  the  southerly  line  of  Plaza 
Street  and  the  easterly  prolongation 
thereof  to  a  point  in  the  center  line  of 
San  Pedro  Street;  thence  northerly  along 
the  center  line  of  San  Pedro  Street  to  its 
intersection  with  the  easterly  prolonga- 
tion of  the  northerly  line  of  Marches- 
sault  Street;  thence  westerly  along  the 
northerly  line  of  Marchessault  street, 
to  the  center  line  of  Olvera  Street; 
thence  northerly  along  the  center  line  of 
Olvera  Street  to  the  southerly  line  of 
Macy  Street;  thence  northerly  in  a  direct 
line  to  the  point  of  beginning. 

It  shall  be  unlawful  for  any  person, 
firm  or  corporation  to  erect,  construct  or 
maintain  any  canopy  in  that  portion  of 
Fire  District  Number  1  hereinabove  de- 
scribed, unless  such  canops'  be  construct- 
ed -wholly  of  fire  proof  material.  Every 
such  canopy  shall  be  securely  fastened  to 
the  building'  and  shall  be  not  more  than 
sixteen  feet  (16')  in  height  above  the 
surface  of  the  ground  except  as  other- 
wise provided  in  this  ordinance,  nor  ex- 
tend more  than  twelve  (12')  feet  from  the 
building. 

It  .=hall  be  unlawful  for  any  person, 
firm  or  corporation  to  erect,  construct  or 
maintain,  or  cause  or  permit  to  be  erect- 
ed, constructed  or  maintained,  any 
awning  over  any  premises,  or  any  portion 


thereof,  within  Fire  Districts  Numbers  2,. 
3  and  4,  except  over  an  entrance  to  or 
window  of  a  building,  or  any  such  awn- 
ing, that  is  of  greater  width  than  the 
w.uth  of  the  entrance  or  window  over 
which  the  same  is  maintained,  or  any 
awning  that  shall  exte'^-l  ■•  '  than  six 
feet  from  the  wall  of  such  building. 

Sec.  154:  hire  E^cujjfco  r-^^qjired  In. 
Buildings.  Standard  hie  escapes  shall 
be  provided  on  buildings  as  follows; 

Class  "A"  Buildings:  Every  building 
of  Class  "A"  construction,  three  (3)  or 
more  stories  in  height  on  any  front  or 
rear  elevation  thereof,  which  building  oi- 
portion  thereof  is  designed  or  intended  to 
be  used  as  a  tenement  house,  hotel  or 
lodging  house,  shall  be  provided  with  at 
least  two  (2)  standard  fire  escapes  and 
never  less  than  one  (1)  such  standard 
fire  escape  .shall  be  provided  on  each 
street  frontage  of  such  building. 

Every  such  building  of  Class  "A"  con- 
struction, exceeding  fifteen  thousand 
(15,000)  square  feet  of  floor  area  and  not 
exceeding  twenty  thousand  (20,000) 
square  feet  of  floor  area  shall  be  pro- 
vided with  at  least  three  (3)  such  fire 
escapes  and  shall  be  further  provided 
with  at  least  one  (1)  such  fire  escape  for 
each  additional  five  thousand  (5,000) 
square  feet  of  floor  area  or  fraction 
thereof. 

All  other  buildings  of  Class  "A"  con- 
struction, three  (3)  or  more  stories  in 
height  on  any  front  or  rear  elevation 
thereof,  sshall  be  provided  with  one  (1) 
standard  fire  escape  for  every  ten  thou- 
.sand  (10,000)  square  feet  of  floor  area  or 
fractional   part   thereof. 

Class  "B"  and  Class  "C"  Buildings: 
Every  building  of  Class  "B"  or  Class  "C" 
construction,  three  (3)  or  more  stories  in 
height  on  any  front  or  rear  elevation 
thereof,  which  building  or  portion  there- 
of is  designed  or  intended  to  be  used  as- 
a  tenement  house,  hotel  or  lodging  house, 
shall  be  provided  with  at  least  two  (2) 
standard  fire  escapes  and  never  less  than 
one  (1)  such  standard  fire  escape  shall 
be  provided  on  each  street  frontage  of 
such  building. 

Every  such  building  of  Class  "B"  or 
Class  "C"  construction,  exceeding  ten 
thousand  (10,000)  square  feet  of  floor 
area  and  not  exceeding  fifteen  thousand 
(15,000)  square  feet  of  floor  area  shall  be 
provided  with  at  lea.st  three  (3)  such  fire 
escapes  and  shall  be  further  provided 
with  at  least  one  (1)  such  fire  escape  for 
each  additional  five  thousand  (5,000)' 
square  feet  of  floor  area  or  fraction 
thereof. 

All  other  buildings  of  Class  "B"  or 
Clas.=  "C"  construction  three  (3)  or  more 
stories  in  height  on  any  front  or  rear 
elevation  thereof,  shall  be  provided  with 
one  (1)  standard  fire  escape  for  every 
five  thousand  (5,000)  .square  feet  of  floor 
area  or  fractional  part  thereof. 

Class  "D"  Buildings:  EVe'-y  building 
of  Class  "D"  construction,  three  (3)  or 
more  stories  in  height  on  anv  f»-ont  or 
rear  elevation  thereof,  whirh  building  or 
portion  thereof  is  designed  or  intended  to 
he  used  as  a  tenement  house,  hotel  or 
lodging  house,  shall  be  provided  with  at 
least  two  (2)  standard  fire  escanes  and 
never  less  than  one  (1)  such  standard  fire 
escape  .«hall  be  prov'derl  or  each  street 
frontage  of  such  building. 

Every   such  building  of  Class   "D"   con- 


73 


struction,  exceeding  eight  thousand 
(8,000)  square  feet  of  floor  area  and 
not  exceeding  twelve  thousand  (12,000) 
square  feet  of  floor  area  shall  be  provid- 
ed with  at  least  three  (3)  such  fire  es- 
capes and  shall  be  further  provided  with 
at  least  one  (1)  such  fire  escape  for  each 
additional  four  thousand  (4,000)  square 
feet  of  floor  area  or  fraction  thereof. 

All  other  buildings  of  Class  "D"  con- 
struction, three  (3)  or  more  stories  in 
height  on  any  front  or  rear  elevation 
thereof,  shall  be  provided  with  one  (1) 
standard  fire  escape  for  every  four  thou- 
sand (4,000)  square  feet  of  floor  area  or 
fractional  part  thereof. 

Where  not  required:  Provided,  how- 
ever, that  the  provisions  of  this  Section 
shall  not  apply  to  buildings  designed, 
built  or  intended  to  be  used  exclusively 
for  dwelling  houses,  churches,  breweries, 
ice  houses,  cold  storage  plants,  grain  ele- 
vators and  buildings  of  a  similar  type, 
nor  on  warehouse  buildings  in  which  no 
person,  other  than  the  watchman  is  em- 
ployed above  the  second  floor,  between 
the  hours  of  6:00  I'.  M.  and  5:00  A.  M. 
of  the  succeeding  day. 

Sec.  155:  Floor  Areas  in  Relation  to 
Fire  Escapes.  The  largest  floor  area 
above  the  second  floor  shall  be  used  as 
the  basis  for  computing  the  number  of 
exterior  standard  fire  escapes  required 
providing  that  if  all  floors  above  the 
largest  floor  area  of  the  building  are  di- 
minished in  area,  the  fire  escapes  from 
that  portion  of  building  containing  the 
smaller  area  may  be  computed  on  the 
basis  of  the  largest  floor  area  in  that  por- 
tion of  the  building. 

Sec.  156.  Location  of  Fire  Escapes. 
All  fire  escapes  shall  be  so  located  on  the 
building  as  to  furnish  the  best  means  of 
escape  therefrom  and  shall  be  as  far  re- 
moved from  each  other  as  is  practical, 
except  where  in  this  ordinance  the  loca- 
tion is  otherwise  specially  fixed. 

The  Board  of  Public  Works  shall  have 
the  power  and  it  shall  be  its  duty  to  de- 
termine the  location  and  number  of  all 
standard  fire  escapes  on  any  building  or 
portion  thereof,  in  such  cases  as  the 
number  and  location  is  not  specifically 
fixed  by  this  Ordinance. 

All  standard  fire  escapes  required  by 
this  ordinance  shall  be  located  on  a  pub- 
lic hall,  public  corridor  or  passageway , 
except  that 

(a)  If  a  large  public  parlor,  lobby  or 
assembly  room  is  connected  directly  to 
a  public  hall,  corridor  or  passa.geway, 
and  if  such  connecting  opening  is  free 
and  unobstructed  and  theie  are  no  doors 
in  .«iir.V|  connection,  then  the  exit  may  be 
directly  from  such  public  parlor,  lobby  oi' 
assembly  room  to  the  lire  escape. 

(b)  On  buildings  designed,  built  or  in- 
tended to  be  used  as  warehouses,  lofts, 
factories  or  for  auditoriums,  assembly 
halls,  lodge  rooms  or  for  similar  pur- 
poses, where  by  this  ordinance  more  than 
one  standard  fire  e-scape  is  required,  and 
any  floor  or  port'on  of  any  floor  of  such 
building  is  so  sub-divided  that  at  least 
one  standard  fire  escape  is  accessible  to 
each  occupancy  on  the  floor  or  portion  of 
floor  so  sub-d'v'ded  through  a  public  hall, 
corridor  or  passage  way,  then  the  exit 
may  be  directly  from  such  warehouse, 
loft,  factory,  auditorium,  assembly  hall, 
or  lodge  room,  sub-division  on  the  same 
floor    of    such    building    to    the    other    fire 


escapes.  In  the  event  that  any  floor  or 
any  portion  of  any  floor  of  such  building 
is  so  sub-divided  and  arranged  so  that 
each  such  warehouse,  loft,  factory,  audi- 
torium, assembly  hall,  or  lodge  room 
subdivision  is  provided  with  a  separate 
and  independent  fire  escape,  then  and  in 
that  event  the  public  halls,  corridors  and 
passage-ways  to  the  fire  escapes  inay  be 
omitted  in  that  floor  or  portion  of  the 
floor    so    sub-divided. 

The  walls  and  ceilings  of  every  pas- 
sage-way leading  to  a  fire  escape  in 
buildings  of  Class  "A"  construction  shall 
be  constructed  of  fire  proof  materials.  In 
buildings  of  Classes  "B,"  "C"  and  "D" 
construction,  the  walls  and  ceilings  of  any 
such  passage-way  shall,  if  not  of  nr«i 
proof  material,  be  of  wood  studs  lathed 
with   metal  lath   and  plaster. 

STANDARD    FIRE    ESCAPES 

Sec.  157.  All  standard  fire  escapes  re- 
quired by  this  ordinance  shall  be  fastened 
securely  on  the  exterior  walls  of  build- 
ings, and  shall  consist  of  a  balcony  at 
each  story  above  the  first  story,  with  in- 
clined stairways  connecting  all  balconies 
and  a  goose-neck  ladder  connecting  the 
topmost  balcony  to  the  roof,  and,  in  some 
cases,  under  certain  conditions,  of  a 
counter-balanced  stairway,  drop  ladder, 
or  permanent  ladder  or  stairway  exteud- 
ing  from  the  lowest  balcony  to  Ihe 
ground,  side-walk  or  alley  level. 

The  standard  fire  escape  shall  be 
deemed  to  be  one  designed  in  accordance 
with  the  following  requirements. 

(a)  Size  of  Fire  Escape  Balconies: 
Every  standard  fire  escape  balcony  shall 
be  not  less  than  forty-four  (44")  inches 
in  width  and  not  less  than  nine  (9')  feet 
in  length,  inside  measurements,  provided 
that  where  the  structural  or  archi- 
tectural features  of  the  building  will  not 
permit  a  balcony  of  such  length  or  width, 
the  Board  of  Public  Works  may  issue  a 
permit  in  writing,  allowing  a  deviation 
from  such  balcony  dimensions,  but  in  no 
case  shall  any  such  balcony  contain  an 
area  less  than  thirty-three  (33)  square 
feet,  inside  measurements,  inclusive  of 
the   openings  for   stairways. 

(b)  Size  of  Fire  Escape  Balcony 
Openings:  The  opening  of  the  floor  in 
the  balcony  for  stairways,  shall  be  not 
less  than  twenty-one  inches  by  forty 
inches  (21"x40").  The  lowest  balcony 
shall  have  no  such  opening  therein,  ex- 
cepting where  a  ladder  or  stairway  Is 
attached  thereto  leading  to  the  ground, 
side-walk  or  alley  level,  and  an  opening 
therein  shall  be  required. 

(c)  Fire   Escape   Balcony  Construction: 
The   frame   of  the   balcony   shaE   cdnsi.<st 

of  steel  or  wrought  iron  angle.=  forming 
the  ends  of  the  platforms,  of  an  outside 
and  inside  angle  forming  the  sides  of  the 
platform;  and  of  an  intermediate  angle 
between  the  inside  and  outside  angle.s, 
framing  to  the  end  angles.  The  inside 
angle  of  the  frame  shall  be  not  less  than 
three  by  two  by  flve  sixteenths 
.'!"x2x5-16")  inches  and  other  frame  an- 
gles not  less  than  three  by  three  by  five- 
sixteenths  (3"x3"x5-16")   inches. 

The  top  railing  of  the  balcony  shall  be 
made  of  steel  or  wrought  iron  angles  not 
le.«s  than  two  by  two  by  one-quarter 
<2"x2"xl-4")   inches,  placed  not  less  than 


74 


thirty-four  (34")  inches  aljove  the  top 
of  the  floor  of  the  balcony. 

In  the  space  between  the  top  railing 
and  the  frame  of  the  balcony  there  shall 
be  placed  upright  standards  of  steel  or 
wrought  iron  filling-in-bars,  not  less 
than  one-half  (%")  inch  round  or  square; 
or  other  bars  of  at  least  an  equivalent 
area,  but  never  less  than  one-quarter 
(1-4")  inch  in  any  dimension.  No  open- 
ing in  this  balustrade  shall  be  more 
than  eight  (8")  inches  in  horizontal  di- 
mension, and  the  filling-in  bars  .shall  be 
firmly  rivited  or  bolted  to  the  top  rail  and 
frame  of  the  platform. 

The  floor  of  the  platform  shall  be  made 
of  wrought  iron  or  steel  flats  not  less 
than  five-sixteenths  by  two  (5-l()"x2") 
inches.  Such  flats  shall  be  spaced  not 
more  than  one  (1")  inch  apart  and  fas- 
tened at  each  bearing  by  riveting  or 
bolting. 

(d)  Fire  Escape  Balcony  Supports: 
Wheie  the  balconies  are  fastened  to  brick 
or  concrete  walls,  the  angles  forming  the 
ends  of  the  platform  and  of  the  top  rail- 
ings shall  extend  at  least  eight  (8") 
inches  into  the  wall,  and  shall  be  em- 
bedded therein  and  securely  anchored 
thereto  by  one  of  the  following  methods: 

(a)  A  pin  or  bolt  anchor  not  less  than 
three-quarter  (3-4")  inch  diameter  by 
eight  (8")  inches  in  length  shall  be  pro- 
vided at  right  angles  to  the  angle,  the 
angle  being  punched  to  receive  same;  or 
the  pin  or  bolt  shall  be  attached  to  the 
angle  by  a  strap,  riveted  or  welded 
thereto. 

(b)  The  angles  themselves  may  have 
a  right  angle  bend  eight  (8")  inches  long, 
which  flange  shall  be  embedded  in  the 
wall   as   specifled  for   pin   or   bolt   anchor. 

(c)  The  angles  may  be  spliced  with 
three-quarter  (3-4")  inch  round  iron  or 
steel  bars,  welded,  bolted  or  riveted  to 
the  angles,  and  these  iron  or  steel  bars 
shall  extend  through  the  wall  to  the  in- 
side thereof,  and  be  securely  fastened 
with  four  by  four  by  one-quarter  inch 
(4"x4"xl-4")  iron  or  steel  washers  and 
nuts. 

(d)  The  angles  themselves  may  be  ex- 
tended entirely  through  the  wall  and  pro- 
vided with  a  right  angle  bend  not  less 
than  eight  (8")  inches  long,  which  flange 
shall  bear  against  the  inside  surface  of 
the  wall  withoiit  any  combustible  shim- 
ming. 

Where  the  balconies  are  fastened  to 
walls  of  (frame)  buildings  of  Class  "D" 
construction,  the  platform  of  the  bal- 
cony shall  be  securely  fastened  to  such 
wall  by  not  less  than  three  (3)  three- 
quarter  (%")  inch  bolts.  These  bolts 
shall  extend  '  through  the  frame  of  such 
platform  and  through  the  wall,  and  shall 
be  securely  fastened  on  the  inside  or 
same  with  four-inch  by  foiu'-inch  by 
one-quarter  inch  (4"x4"xl-4")  iron  or 
steel  washers  and  nuts.  Each  of  the  end 
angles  forming  the  top  rail  of  the  platform 
shall  have  a  four  (4")  inch  wrought  iron 
angle  bend  which  shall  lie  flat  against 
the  outer  wall  of  the  building  and  through 
this  flange  and  through  the  wall  shall 
be  placed  a  bolt  not  less  than  five-eighths 
(5-8")  inch  in  diameter,  which  shall  be 
securelv  fastened  on  the  inside  of  said 
wall  'with  a  four-inch  by  four-inch  by 
one-quarter  inch  (4"x4"xi/4")  iron  or 
steel  washer  and  nut. 

All     balconies     shall     also     be     securelv 


fastened  and  each  end  of  each  balcony 
platform  siiall  be  braced  and  supported  by 
one  of  the  following  methods: 

(a)  By  placing  under  each  end  of  the 
platform,  a  strut  built  of  either  wrought 
iron  or  steel  angles  not  less  than  two 
inches  by  two  inches  by  five-sixteenths 
inch  (2"x2"x.5-16")  ;  or  of  shapes  of  equiv- 
alent strength;  oi-  of  two  (2")  inch 
wrought  iron  or  steel  pipe.  The  balcony 
end  of  such  struts  shall  be  riveted  or 
bolted  to  the  frame  of  the  platform  and 
the  other  end  shall  be  securely  embedded 
and  anchored  into  the  building  walls  or 
fastened  thereto,  by  one  of  the  methods 
described  foi  end  angles  of  platforms  and 
top   railings. 

(b)  By  placing  over  e&eh  end  of  the 
platform  a  hanger  built  either  of  steel  or 
wiought  iron  bars  not  less  than  three- 
ciuarter  (%")  inch  in  diameter;  or  of  steel 
or  wrought  iron  flats,  angles  or  other 
shapes  equivalent  in  area;  or  of  steel  or 
wrought  iron  chains  with  the  links  thereof 
not  less  than  seven-sixteenths  (7-16")  inch 
in  diameter.  All  such  hangers  shall  be 
not  less  than  six  (6')  feet  in  length.  The 
patform  end  shall  be  securely  fastened  by 
riveting  or  bolting  to  the-  platform,  and 
the  building  end  shall  be  fastened  by 
iTieans  of  a  three-quarter  (%")  inch  steel 
or  wrought  iron  eye-bolt,  extending 
through  and  fastened  on  the  inside  of  the- 
wall  of  the  building  with  a  four-inch  by 
four-inch  by  one-quarter  inch  (4"x4"x^/4") 
iron  or  steel  washer  and  nut.  The  hangei- 
shall  be  drawn  up  into  tension  by  means 
of  the  nut. 

(c)  In  buildings  of  Class  "A"  construc- 
tion only,  by  placing  at  each  end  of  each 
platform  reinforced  concrete  or  steel  can- 
tilever brackets  built  on,  anchored  or 
riveted  to  the  stiiictural  'Work  of  the 
building  and  of  the  platform.  The  fram- 
ing members  of  the  platform  shall  be  in- 
creased in  size  as  required  to  take  the 
stress  added  by  the  cantilever  construc- 
tion, the  cantilever  fastening  and  anchor- 
ing to  the  building  shall  be  designed  to 
take  the  entire  live  and  dead  load  sus- 
tained thereon.  Complete  detail  drawings 
of  the  construction  shall  be  submitted  to 
the  Board  of  Public  AVorks  of  the  City 
of  Los  Angeles,  and  its  approval  obtained 
thereto.  ■ 

If  any  platfoi-m  is  more  than  nine  (9') 
feet  in  length  an  additional  strut  of  one 
of  the  forms  required  for  end  platform 
supports  shall  be  provided  for  each  four 
(4')  feet  or-  fraction  thereof  additional 
length  of  balcony.  These  additional  struts 
.'^hall  be  spaced  to  make  all  struts  as 
neai'ly  as  practicable  equidistant.  Any 
platform  angles  unsupported  by  these  ad- 
ditional struts  shall  be  increased  in  .size 
and  strength  to  provide  for  the  additional 
length. 

No  balconies  shall  be  attached  to  any- 
wall  unless  the  over-turning  moment  of 
same  (with  a  factor  of  safety  of  thr-ee)  is 
provided  for.  If  necessary,  additional 
stiffeners,  framing  or  posts  between  the 
floors  in  the  inside  walls,  or  anchorage  to 
or-  thr-ough  the  floor-  system  to  the  next 
wall,  must  be  provided  satisfactory  to  the 
Boar-d  of  Public  Works. 

No  balcony  str-uts  or  hangers  shall  be 
anchored  to  any  arches  over  any  opening, 
nor  in  buildings  of  Class  "A,"  "B,"  or  "C" 
constr'uction  shall  any  top  railing  angles- 
or  supporting  struts  of  balconies  be  at- 
tached to  mullions  of  wood  or  sheet  metal.. 


75 


(e)  Height  of  Lowest  Fire  Escape  Bal- 
cony. The  lowest  balcony  of  every  fire 
escape  shall  be  not  more  than  twenty- 
eight  (28')  feet,  nos-  less  than  twelve  (12') 
feet  above  the  street,  allej'  or  ground 
level  below  same. 

(f)  Facing  of  Fire  Escape  Balconies: 
Fire  escape  balconies  may  be  faced  with 
terra  cotta  or  other  fire  resisting  mate- 
rials, provided  that  such  inaterials  shall 
be  securely  fastened  and  anchored  to  the 
frame  work  of  such  balconies  and  that 
the  construction  of  the  balconies  shall  be 
strengthened  sufficiently  to  sustain  the 
added  load. 

(g)  Fire  Escape  Stairways  and  Hand 
Rails:  The  inclined  stairways  shall  be 
not  less  than  eighten  (18")  inches  wide 
in  the  clear  and  no  part  of  same  shall  be 
placed  less  than  twenty-one  (21")  inches 
from  the  face  of  the  building. 

The  stringers  of  the  stairways  shall  be 
made  of  steel  flats  not  less  than  one- 
quarter  inch  by  four  inches  (i/4"x4")  for 
an  unsupported  length  of  twelve  (12')  feet 
or  less.  When  the  length  of  the  stairs 
betw^een  any  two  balconies  is  more  than 
twelve  (12')  feet,  such  stairway  shall  be 
either  braced  in  the  center  to  the  platform 
above  or  below,  or  the  stairway  stringers 
shall  be  increased  in  size  sufficiently  to 
support  the  total  live  and  dead  loads  sus- 
tained thereon. 

The  treads  of  stairways  shall  be  of  steel 
not  less  than  one-yuarter  by  four  (i4"x4") 
inches,  and  the  vertical  distance  from 
tread  to  tread  .shall  be  not  more  than 
twelve  (12")  inches.  Each  end  of  the 
tread  shall  have  a  right  angle  bend,  and 
these  flanges  shall  be  riveted  to  the 
stringers  with  two  (2)  five-sixteenth 
(5-16")   inch  rivets. 

All  stairways  shall  have  an  inclination 
of  not  less  than  four  (4")  inches  and  not 
more  than  six  (6")  inches  horizontally  to 
each  twelve  (12")  inches  of  vertical 
height. 

At  each  platform  there  shall  be  landings 
not  less  than  twenty  (20")  inches  wide  in 
the  clear  measured  from  the  outside  rails 
to  the  top  and  bottom  of  the  stairways. 

Each  side  of  all  stairways  shall  be  pro- 
vided with  a  one  (1")  inch  iron  pipe  hand 
lail  riveted  to  stringers  and  provided  with 
uprights  and  fittings.  These  hand  rails 
shall  be  continuous  on  all  stairways  from 
the  topmost  balcony  to  the  lowest  bal- 
cony, and  shall  be  continuous  around  the 
well  hole  openings  of  balcony  platforms. 

(h)  Fire  Escape  Goose-Neck  Ladder: 
There  shall  be  an  iron  goose-neck  ladder, 
not  less  than  fifteen  (15")  inches  wide, 
extending  vertically  from  the  topmost 
balcony  to  and  above  the  roof  of  the 
building.  Such  ladder  shall  not  be  placed 
in  front  of  any  opening  in  the  walls  of 
the  building. 

The  sides  of  such  ladder  shall  be  made 
of  not  less  than  one-half  {V2")  inch  by 
two  (2")  inch  wrought  iron  or  steel.  The 
lungs  shall  be  made  of  five-eights  (%") 
inch  round  wrought  iron  or  steel  placed 
not  more  than  fourteen  (14")  inches  apart. 

The  base  of  the  ladder  shall  be  securely 
riveted  or  bolted  to  the  floor  of  the  bal- 
cony. The  upper  end  shall  extend  three 
(3)  feet  above  the  fire  wall  or  roof,  and 
be  brought  down  and  fastened  with  bolts 
at  or  to  the  roof  on  the  inside  of  the  fire- 
wall.    The   landing   rung   shall    be    within 


fourteen  (14")  inches  of  the  roof  at  the 
ladder. 

The  ladder  shall  be  well  braced  with 
wrought  iron  or  steel  brackets  of  proper 
size  built  into  or  bolted  to  the  wall  of  the 
building,  placed  not  more  than  four  (4') 
feet  apart.  These  brackets  may  be 
omitted  or  the  spacing  thereof  altered  if 
the  vertical  members  of  the  ladder  shall 
be  increased  in  size  and  strengthened  to 
properly  carry  the  total  live  and  dead  and 
horizontal  loads  imposed  thereon. 

(i)  Cornice  Openings  for  Fire  Escape 
Ladders:  The  opening  in  the  cornice  of 
buildings  shall  be  not  less  than  twenty- 
four  (24")  inches  wide  by  twenty-four 
(24")  inches  in  the  clear  outside  of  the 
ladders  wherevei*  fire  escape  goose-neck 
ladders  pass  through  same. 

(j)  First  Story  Fire  Escape  Stairways 
or  Ladders:  If  the  lowest  balcony  of  any 
fire  escape  is  more  than  twelve  (12')  feet 
above  the  public  alley,  street  or  ground 
line  under  same,  there  shall  be  attached 
thereto  a  counterbalanced  stairway,  drop 
ladder,  or  a  permanent  ladder  or  stairway 
extending  from  such  balcony  to  the  street, 
alley  or  ground.  Such  counterbalanced 
stairway,  drop  ladder  or  petmanent  lad- 
der or  stairway  shall  be  of  similar  con- 
struction and  of  the  same  pitch  and  width 
as  the  "standard"  fire  escape  stairways, 
and  shall  be  designed  to  carry  similar  live 
loads. 

All  such  counterbalanced  stairways, 
drop  ladders,  permanent  ladders  or  stair- 
ways attached  to  fire  escape  balconies 
shall  be  of  a  type  approved  by  the  Board 
of  Public  Works,  and  it  shall  be  incum- 
bent upon  the  person  desiring  to  use  any 
such  counterbalanced  stairway  or  drop 
ladder,  permanent  ladder,  or  stairway,  to 
furnish  complete  plans,  drawings  and  de- 
tails and  demonstrate  such  device  to  the 
Board  of  Public  Works  of  the  City  of  Los 
Angeles,  and  obtain  its  approval  of  such 
device  before  using  same. 

(k)  Workmanship  of  Fire  Escapes:  All 
parts  and  details  of  construct-on  of  fire 
escapes,  balconies,  ladders,  stairways  and 
hand  rails  shall  be  properly  supported, 
connected,  framed,  anchored  and  braced 
and  stiffened  so  as  to  be  perfectly  rigid, 
durable  and   secure. 

(I)  Finishing  of  Fire  Escapes:  All  steel 
and  iron  work  of  balconies,  ladders  and 
stairways,  including  bolts  and  fastenings, 
shall  be  heavilj'  galvanized  before  erec- 
tion, and  after  erection  all  exposed  steel 
and  iron  work  of  the  fire  escapes  shall  be 
painted  with  not  less  than  two  (2)  coats 
of  durable  paint. 

(m)  Testing  of  Fire  Escapes:  If  re- 
quired by  the  Board  of  Public  Works,  the 
fire  escape  balconies,  ladders  and  stair- 
ways and  building  connections  shall  be 
tested  by  and  at  the  expense  of  the  owner 
or  builder.  Such  test  shall  demonstrate 
that  such  fire  escape  balconies,  ladders 
and  stairways  are  capable  of  sustaining, 
without  any  sign  of  failure  or  deflection, 
the  total   dead  and  live  loads  thereon. 

For  such  fire  escape  tests  the  following 
live  loads  shall  be  provided. 

On  balconies  200  pounds  per  square 
foot. 

On  stringers  of  inclined  stairways  150 
pounds  per  square  foot  horizontal  projec- 
tion  of  stairs. 

On  sides  of  all  vertical  ladders  100 
pounds  horizontal  pressure  per  lineal  foot. 


76 


On  each  rung  of  ladder  or  tread  of 
stairs   250   pounds   per   rung   or   tread. 

On  top  rail  of  balconies,  TOO  jiounds 
horizontal  pressure  per  lineal  foot  of  rail- 
ing. 

(n)  BiMlding  Exits  to  Fire  Escapes:  The 
floor.s  of  Are  escape  balconies  shall  be 
not  over  eight  (8")  inches  above  or  below 
the  level  of  the  inside  sill  of  the  doors  or 
windows  giving  access  to  the  balconies, 
and  the  balcony  platforms  shall  extend  at 
least  eight  (8")  inches  beyond  the  jamb 
of  such  doors  or  windows. 

The  level  of  the  inside  sill  of  the  doors 
or  windows  giving  access  to  the  fire  es- 
cape balconies  shall  be  not  more  than 
thirty  (30")  inches  above  the  adjoining 
floor  in  the  building  and  such  door  or 
window  openings  sh.nll  be  not  less  than 
thirty  (30")  inches  in  clear  width,  nor  less 
than   seventy-two    (72")    inches   in   height. 

All  doors  or  casements  in  such  openings 
shall  open  outwardly,  but  shall  not  dimin- 
ish the  width  of  the  balcony  when  open- 
ing or  when  fully  open.  Where  double 
hung  windows  are  used  in  such  openings, 
the  lower  sash  shall  be  at  least  the  size 
of  the  upper  sash  and  shall  slide  to  the 
top  of  said  opening.  No  lock  of  any  kind, 
except  such  type  as  can  leadily  be  opened 
from  the  interior  of  the  liuilding  without 
the  use  of  a  key,  shall  be  used  or  placed 
on  any  such  door,  casement  or  window. 

Sec.  158.  Optional  Standard  Fire  Es- 
cape Balcony.  In  lieu  of  the  standard 
Are  escape  balconies  as  in  this  Ordinance 
described,  such  balconies  may  be  con- 
structed of  reinforced  concrete  or  of 
wrought  iron  or  steel  throughout,  or  of  a 
combination  of  these  materials;  or  such 
balconies  may  be  constructed  of  brick, 
terra  cotta,  tile  or  stone,  or  a  combina- 
tion of  these  materials,  provided  that  the 
same  are  thoroughly  reinforced  so  as  to 
inake  a  solid,  substantial  construction, 
and   conform   to   the  follo\ving   provisions: 

The  balcony  platfoim  shall  be  designed 
to  carry  In  addition  to  the  dead  load 
thereof,  a  live  load  of  one  hundred  (100) 
pounds  per  square  foot  over  the  entire 
area  thereof  (using  outside  dimensions) 
and  the  live  and  dead  loads  from  the  lad- 
deis   or   stairs   supported   thereon. 

Each  ladder  shall  be  designed  to  with- 
stand, in  addition  to  the  dead  load  there- 
of, a  horizontal  pressure  of  one  hundred 
(100)    pounds  per  square  foot. 

Each  stairway  shall  be  designed  to 
carry,  in  addition  to  the  dead  load  there- 
of, a  live  load  of  one  hundred  fifty  (150) 
pounds  per  square  foot  of  horizontal  pro- 
jection. 

Balcony  top  rails  shall  be  designed  to 
withstand  a  horizontal  pressure  of  one 
hundred  (100)  pounds  per  lineal  foot  of 
railing. 

Each  balcony  shall  be  independently 
supported. 

All  fastenings  of  the  balconies  to  the 
building  shall  be  designed  to  carry  twen- 
ty-five (259r)  per  cent  greater  load  than 
the  total  dead  and  live  loads  carried  by 
the  balconies.  The  balcony  anchorings 
shall  be  direct  to  the  structural  work  of 
the  building,  with  all  end  horizontal  steel 
or  iron  members  of  the  balustrade  and 
platform  extended  into  the  walls  and  an- 
chored to  the  structural  work  of  the  build- 
ing. 

All  strut  supports  shall  be  similar  to 
those    required    for    the    "standard"    fire 


e.«cape  balconies  designed  to  properly 
carrj'    the    loads   imposed. 

No  opening  in  any  floor  of  any  balcony, 
except  stairway  or  ladder  opening,  shall 
be  greater  than  one  (1")  inch  in  one  di- 
rection. No  opening  in  any  balustrade  of 
any  balcony  .shall  be  greater  than  eight 
(S")   inches  in  horizontal  direction. 

The  size  of  the  balcony,  the  height  of 
balustrades,  the  openings  for  the  stair- 
ways or  ladders  and  the  finishing  of  all 
steel  and  iron  work  except  where  such 
steel  or  iron  is  imbedded  in  concrete  shall 
be  as  required  for  "standard"  fire  es- 
capes. 

No  steel  shape,  except  pipe  rails,  shall 
be   less   than   one-fourth   inch    {V4,")    thick. 

Complete  detailed  drawings  shall  be 
submitted  to  and  the  approval  of  the 
Board  of  Public  ^^"orks  of  the  City  of  Los 
Angeles  obtained   thereto. 

Sec.  159.  Optional  Type  of  Fire  Escapes. 
Any  type  of  fire  escape  meeting  all  of 
the  following  requirements  may  take  the 
place  of  a  standard  fire  escape  required 
by  this  ordinance. 

Such  fire  escape  shall  consist  of  a  right 
form  of  stairway  or  of  inclined  chute  or 
chutes,  constructed  entirely  of  incom- 
bustible materials  and  enclosed  in  toweis 
constructed  of  similar  materials;  be  se- 
curely attached  to  the  building  and  pro- 
vided with  proper  means  of  entrance 
thereto  from  the  building  and  with  an 
iron  ladder  to  enable  the  Firemen  to 
reach  the  roof  thereby  from  the  ground ; 
equipped  with  standpipes  as  required  by 
this  ordinance,  and  it  shall  first  have  been 
approved  in  writing  by  the  Chief  Engi- 
neer of  the  Fire  Department  and  the  Fire 
Commissioners  of  the  City  of  Los  An- 
geles, as  being  a  solid,  substantial  struc- 
ture, as  fire  proof  in  construction,  and 
providing  the  occupants  of  a  building  with 
as  much  protection  and  as  safe  and  effi- 
cient a  means  of  escape  as  the  standard 
fire  escape. 

For  this  purpose  the  Chief  Engineer  of 
the  Fire  Department  and  Board  of  Fire 
Conmiissioners  may  require  that,  and  it 
shall  be  incumbent  upon  the  person  desir- 
ing to  erect  or  construct  any  such  type 
of  fire  escape,  to  submit  plans  and  speci- 
fications and  all  details,  and  if  deemed 
necessary,  demonstrate  such  fire  escape 
to  the  said  Chief  Engineer  of  the  Fire 
Department  and  Board  of  Fire  Commis- 
sioners of  the  City  of  Los  Angeles. 

Sec.  160.  Fire  Escape  and  Smoke  Tower. 
Whenever  in  any  building  there  shall  be 
constructed  a  fire  escape  and  smoke 
tower,  of  non-combu.stible  materials  in 
accordance  with  the  following  specifica- 
tion, then  the  said  fire  escape  and  smoke 
tower  may  take  the  place  of  two  standard 
fire  escapes  required  by  this  ordinance, 
but  in  no  event  shall  there  be  less  than 
one  standard  fire  escape  on  the  exterior 
walls  of  the  building. 

Such/  fire  escape  and  sinoke  tower  shall 
consist  of  a  fire  escape  .stairway  not  less 
than  twenty-four  (24")  inches  in  width, 
without  winders,  constructed  of  rein- 
forced concrete,  iron  or  steel,  or  of  a 
coinbination  of  these  materials. 

The  stairway  shall  be  continuous  the 
full  height  of  the  building  from  the  first 
floor  exit  level  to  the  roof  and  have  hand 
lails  on  each  side  thereof,  the  full  length 
of  same. 

This  stairway  shall  be  constructed  at  a 
point    adjacent    to    the    exterior    walls    of 


77 


tlie  building'  and  be  entiiely  inclosed  with 
brick,  concrete  or  reinforced  concrete 
walls,  not  less  than  twelve  inches  (12") 
thick,  such  walls  to  be  continuous  from 
the  basement  up  to  and  extendinij  three 
(;>)  feet  abov^e  the  roof  of  the  building, 
with  no  covering  of  any  kind  over  the 
said  stairway;  nor  shall  there  be  any 
openings  in  such  walls  into  the  building, 
except  that  where  there  is  a  vestibule 
constructed  as  in  this  section  specified, 
there  may  be  openings  in  that  wall  which 
separates  the  tower  from  the  vestibule. 
Any  such  openings  shall  be  constructed 
and  equipped  in  the  same  manner  as  pro- 
vided for  the  dooi'  openings  in  such  vesti- 
bules: any  glass  used  in  any  such  open- 
ings shall  be  wire  glass,  not  less  than  one- 
fourth  (%")  inch  thick,  set  in  metal 
fi-ames  and  sash. 

The  inclosing  walls  of  a  Are  escape  and 
smoke  tower  shall  not  be  used  to  carrj- 
or  support  any  floor  joists  or  an>'  other 
structural  feature  of  the  building,  nor 
shall  there  be  any  chases  cut  in  such 
walls  for  pipes,  conduits  or  any  other 
purpose. 

An  exit  from  the  fire  escape  and  smoke 
tower  shall  be  provided  at  the  first  floor 
line,  opening  directly  to  a  public  street, 
public  alley  or  other  public  place,  or  into 
a  court  or  passageway  not  less  than 
thirty-six  (36")  inches  in  width;  said 
court  or  passage-way  to  be  constructed  of 
fire  proof  materials  and  lead  directly  to  a 
public  street  or  public  alley  with  no  ob- 
structions therein  and  be  used  for  thi.s 
pin-pose   only. 

There  shall  be  an  entrance  to  the  fire 
escape  and  smoke  tower  and  such  en- 
trance shall  be  by  means  of  an  outside 
balconj-  at  each  floor,  or  a  vestibule  con- 
structed of  fire  proof  inaterials  as  herein- 
after set  forth: 

Balconies  shall  have  a  solid  floor  and 
in  all  other  details  and  kinds  of  materials, 
be  as  in  this  Ordinance  specified  for 
standard  fire  escape  balconies. 

Said  balconies  or  vestibules  shall  be  so 
located  and  so  arranged  that  access  shall 
be  had  to  same  through  a  door,  opening 
from  the  interior  of  the  building  at  the 
end  of  a  public  hall,  corridor  or  passage- 
way and  with  a  door  opening  from  the 
said  balconj-  or  vestibule  to  the  tower. 
All  such  door-openings  shall  be  not  less 
tlian  thirty  (30")  inches  wide  by  eighty 
(80")  inches  in  height  and  equipped  with 
doors  constructed  as  in  this  Ordinance 
specified  for  fire  doors  or  fire  resisting 
doors.  The  frame  and  threshold  of  said 
door-openings  to  be  constructed  of  similar 
or   fire   proof   materials. 

The  vestibule  shall  be  constructed  of 
the  same  kind  and  thickness  of  walls  as 
the  tower  and  arranged  so  that  one  side 
of  the  vestibule  shall  face  a  public  street 
or  public  alley  and  that  side  of  the  vea- 
tibule  facing  the  public  street  or  public 
alley  .shall  be  entirely  open  from  the  top 
of  the  floor  to  the  under  side  of  the  ceil- 
ing and  the  full  width  of  .=ame,  except 
that  such  open  side  of  the  vestibule  shall 
be  protected  with  a  balustrade  the  same 
height  above  the  floor  as  specified  by  this 
ordinance  for  the  fire  escape  balconies. 

Every  such  vestibule  shall  contain  a 
floor  area  of  not  less  than  twenty-five  (2.t) 
s(|uare  feet  and  shall  not  be  less  than 
four    (1)    feet   in  any   diinension   and   shall 


have  a  ceiling  height  in  the   clear  of  not 
less  than  eight  feet  six  inches   (8'  6"). 

Fire  escapes  and  smoke  towers  and  all 
vestibules  shall  have  proper  means  for 
illumination. 

Wherever  in  this  Ordinance  it  is  pro- 
vided that  the  public  halls,  corridors  or 
passage-ways  leading  to  standard  fire  es- 
capes may  be  omitted  such  public  halls, 
corridors  or  passage-ways  leading  to  fire 
escapes  and  smoke  towers'  may,  under 
similar  conditions,  be  omitted. 

Sec.  161.  Permits  for  Fire  Escapes.  It 
shall  be  unlawful  for  any  person,  firm 
or  corporation  to  erect,  construct  or 
change  the  location  of  any  fire  escape 
i-equired  by  the  ordinances  of  the  City  of 
I^os  Angeles  without  first  obtaining  a  per- 
mit from  the  Board  of  Public  Works  so 
to  do. 

It  shall  be  unlawful  for  any  person, 
firm  or  corporation  owning,  having  charge 
or  control  of  any  building  required  by 
the  ordinances  of  this  city  to  be  provided 
with  a  tii'e  escape  or  fire  escapes,  to  per- 
mit any  portion  of  said  buildings  above 
the  second  floor  to  be  occupied  by  any 
person  or  persons  until  after  all  fire  es- 
capes required  by  this  ordinance  shall 
have  been  completely  installed  on  said 
building,  in  accordance  with  the  require- 
ments of  this  ordinance. 
Sec.  162.  Passageways  to  Fire  Escapes. 
In  buildings  already  erected,  where  the 
only  means  of  reaching  the  fire  escape  is 
through  a  room,  the  door  of  such  room 
shall  be  a  sash  door,  and  over  said  door 
there  shall  be  suspended  a  light  of  not 
less  than  eight  candle-power,  enclosed  in 
a  colored  globe,  which  said  light  shall  be 
kept  continuously  lighted  from  sunset  to 
sunrise  of  each  succeeding  day.  There 
shall  also  be  painted  upon  said  w^all  or 
contiguous  thereto,  or  upon  a  sign  sus- 
pended not  more  than  twelve  inches  (12") 
below  such  light,  the  words,  "To  Fire 
E'scape."  the  letters  of  such  words  to  be 
not  less   than  three   inches  in  height. 

Sec.  163.  Obstructions  to  Fire  Escapes. 
It  shall  be  unlawftil  for  any  person,  firm 
or  corporation  to  attach,  fasten  or  tie,  or 
to  permit,  allow  or  suffer  to  be  attached, 
fastened  or  tied,  to  any  fire  escape  or 
standpipe  any  rope,  cable,  wire  or  stand- 
ard, or  in  any  manner  or  by  any  means, 
obstruct,  or  to  permit,  allow  or  suffer  to 
be  obstructed,  any  hallway  or  passage- 
way leading  to  a  fire  escape,  or  in  any 
manner  or  by  any  means,  obstruct,  or  to 
permit,  allow  or  suffer  to  be  obstructed 
in  any  manner  or  by  any  means,  any  fire 
escape  or  any  part  or  portion  thereof. 

LIMIT    OF    AREAS    OF    BUILDINGS. 

Sec.  164.  No  building  or  portion  of  any 
building  shall  exceed  a  greater  floor  area 
between  exterior,  party  or  division  walls 
than  set  forth  by  the  following  table: 

AREA    OF     BUILDINGS. 

Maximum    Unsprinklered    Floor  Area 
Permitted 

Height  of  liuilding — One  storv.  Class 
"A,"  40.000  sauare  feet:  Cla.^s  "B,"  12,500 
square  feet;  Class  "C,"  10,000  square  feet. 
Over  one  storv.  Class  "A,"  35.000  square 
feet;  Class  "J3,"  10,000  square  feet;  Class 
"C."   7,500  square  feet. 

Provided  that  where  in  such  building 
or   portion    thereof   there   is   installed   and 


78 


maintained  an  automatic  "Standard" 
sprinkler  system  in  accordance  witli  the 
provisions  of  tliis  ordinance,  the  floor 
area  shall  not  exceed  the  inaximum  set 
forth  in  the  following  table: 

AREAS   OF    BUILDINGS. 

Maximum  Sprlnklered    Floor  Area 

Permitted 

Class  "A,"  75,000  square  feet;  Class  "B," 
25,000  square  feet;  Class  "C,"  17,000 
square  feet. 

For  the  purpose  of  this  Ordinance  the 
floor  areas  of  building's  or  portions  of 
buildinss  shall  be  computed  exclusive  of 
thickness  of  the  exterior,  party  or  di- 
vision  walls. 

STANDARD     AUTOMATIC     SPRINKLER 
SYSTEM. 

Sec.  165.  All  automatic  sprinkler  sys- 
tems required  by  this  ordinance  shall  be 
in  accordance  with  the  following  specifi- 
cations, which  for  the  purpose  of  this 
Ordinance,  shall  be  deemed  to  be  the 
"Standard"   Automatic   Sprinkler   System. 

The  sprinkler  system  shall  consist  of 
one  or  more  main  supply  direct  water 
connections  to  the  City  main,  or  to  grav- 
ity, or  pressure  tanks,  or  to  fire  pumps; 
and  of  one  or  inore  risers  connecting 
these  main  supplies  to  the  feed  mains 
which  supply  the  branches  to  tlie  sprink- 
ler heads;  and  in  some  cases,  of  sidewalk 
Siamese  steamer  connections  connecting 
all  risers  to  main  supplies. 

All  pipe  shall  be  standard  wrought  iron 
or  steel  threaded  pipe,  well  reamed  and 
screwed  up  tight  into  fittings.  Fittings 
shall  be  standard  malleable  or  cast  iron; 
such  fittin.gs  shall  be  long  sweep  pattern 
where  practicable  to  install   same. 

All  Sprinkler  heads  shall  be  of  a  kind 
approved  by  the  National  Fire  Protection 
Association  of  the  United  States. 

All  piping  shall  be  inade  secure  to  the 
ceiling,  walls  and  other  parts  of  the 
building  as  is  necessary  to  inake  a  rigid, 
permanent  and  durable  job,  with  standard 
pipe  hangers,  straps,  screw  or  extension 
bar  hangers  and  supports. 

All  valves  two  and  one-half  inches 
(2%")  in  diameter  and  under  shall  be  of 
brass  or  bronze  throughout.  Valves  over 
two  and  one-half  inches  (2%")  in  diam- 
eter shall  be  of  brass,  bronze,  or  may  be 
iron  body  brass  fitted.  All  sidewalk  Si- 
amese inlet  valves,  caps  and  chains  shall 
he  of  brass  or  bronze.  All  gate  valves 
.shall  be  double  wedge  disc,  stuffing  box 
pattern  wheel  handle,  outside  screw  and 
yoke  or  other  approved  indicator  pattern. 
Check  valves  to  be  approved  straight  way 
regrinding  pattern  so  built  that  checks 
may  be  readily  removed  for  repairs. 

All  sprinkler  heads  shall  be  so  located 
that  their  effective  distribution  will  cover 
all  parts  of  the  premises  required  to  be 
sprinkled. 

Each  separate  story,  each  basement, 
sub-basement  and  cellar  between  exterioi- 
party  or  division  walls  shall  be  considered 
and  deemed  to  be  a  separate  fire  unit. 

All  sprinkler  heads  shall  be  located 
wherever  possible  in  an  upright  position 
on  top  of  the  pipes  with  the  deflectors  of 
the  sprinkler  heads  not  nearer  than  three 
incites  (3")  below  the  ceiling  soffits  of 
girders,    joists    or    other    work    above    the 


sprinklers,  provided  that  sprinkler  heads 
on  concealed  piping  system  inay  be  pen- 
dent. All  sprinklers  shall  be  so  placed 
that  the  deflectors  of  same  will  be  parallel 
to  the  surface  above  same. 

All  sprinklers  shall  be  so  spaced  that 
each  sprinkler  shall  discharge  an  effective 
supply  of  water  over  an  area  not  less 
than  eighty  (80)  square  feet  and  shall  be 
so  spaced  that  the  sprinklers  shall  be  not 
more  than  eight  feet  (8')  apart  in  one 
diiection  and  ten  feet  (10')  apart  in  the 
other  direction. 

In  the  event  that  any  beams,  girders, 
joists,  coluinns,  walls,  partitions  or  othei' 
obstructions  prevent  the  standard  spacing 
described  above  and  prevent  the  sprin- 
klers from  discharging  an  effective  sup- 
ply of  water  over  an  area  of  eighty  (80) 
square  feet,  the  sprinkler  spacing  shall 
be  varied  or  additional  sprinklers  in- 
stalled to  properly  and  effectively  sprinkle 
said  area  satisfactorily  to  the  Board  of 
I'ublic  \\'orks. 

Size    of    risers,    feed   mains   and    branch 
supplies   shall   be   determined   by   the   fol- 
lowing   table: 
%"  pipe    shall    supply    not    to    exceed       1 
sprinkler. 
1"       pipe    shall    supply    not    to    exceed       2 

sprinklers. 
1  Vi"  pipe    shall    supply    not    to    exceed       3 

sprinklers. 
1  y/'  pipe    shall    supply    not    to    exceed       5 

sprinklers. 
'2"       pipe    shall    supply    not    to    exceed     10 

sprinklers. 
21/^"  pipe    shall    supply    not    to    exceed     20 

sprinklers. 
3"       pipe    shall    supply    not    to    exceed     36 

sprinklers. 
31/2"  pipe    shall    supply    not    to    exceed     55 

sprinklers. 
1"       pipe    shall    supply   not    to    exceed     80 

spiinklers. 
.")"       pipe    shall    supply    not    to    exceed  140 

sprinklers. 
6"       pipe    shall    supply    not    to    exceed  200 
sprinklers. 

Never  more  than  ten  (10)  sprinklers 
shall  be  installed  on  any  branch  line. 

The  sizes  of  main  sujjply  pipes,  risers, 
feed  mains  and  branches  to  the  sprinklers 
shall  be  graded  in  accordance  with  the 
number  of  sprinklers  supplied  thereby. 

All  feed  mains  shall  be  arranged  to 
provide  "Center  Central,"  or  "Side  Cen- 
tral," feeds  and  riser  connections.  No 
feed  main  shall  be  larger  than  six  (6") 
inch  pipe. 

The  size  of  main  supplies  and  risers 
shall  be  determined  by  the  maximum 
number  of  sprinklers  supplied  by  the  riser 
to  the  largest  fire  unit,  but  no  riser  svip- 
plied  by  direct  City  Water  connection 
only  shall  be  larger  than  six  (6")  inch 
pipe. 

No  main  supply  connection  to  City  wa- 
ter main  shall  be  larger  than  six  (6") 
inches  in  diameter  and  in  the  event  that 
the  maximum  number  of  sprinklers  in  the 
largest  fire  unit  I'equire  such  inain  sup- 
plies larger  than  six  (6")  inches  in  diam- 
eter, an  additional  number  of  main  sup- 
plies and   risers   shall   be   p'-ovided. 

No  luain  supply  connection  to  the  City 
water  main  shall  be  greater  in  area  than 
twenty-five  (25%)  per  cent  of  the  area 
of  the  City  water  main  in  the  street  to 
which  the  same  is  connected.  When 
more  than  one  (1)  such  main  supply  con- 
nection  for   one    (1)    building   is   made   to 


79 


City  mains,  such  connections  shall, 
wherever  practicable,  be  taken  from  the 
City  water  mains  on  separate  street 
fiontage  of  the  building. 

:Main  supplies  to  the  risers  shall  always 
be  made  separate  direct  connections  to 
the  City  water  main,  gravity,  or  pressure 
tanks  or  fire  pumps  as  the  case  may  be, 
provided  that  the  domestic  water  service 
of  the  building-  may  be  taken  from  the 
sprinkler  main  supply  connected  to  the 
City   water   main. 

The  main  supplies  to  the  risers  of  any 
sprinkler  system  required  above  the  fifth 
story  in  any  building  or  portions  thereof, 
must  be  connected  to  pressure  or  gravity 
tanks  or  to  fire  pumps. 

All  such  pressure  or  gravity  tanks 
placed  above  the  roof  shall  be  constructed 
of  steel,  iron,  reinforced  concrete,  or 
wood,  supported  as  provided  in  this  ordi- 
nance for  roof  tanks,  and  if  constructed 
of  wood  every  such  tank  shall  also  be 
constructed  to  conform  to  the  rules  and 
regulations  of  the  National  Board  of  Fire 
Underwriters. 

The  water  capacity  of  gravity  tanks 
shall  be  based  on  one  hundred  (100)  gal- 
lons for  each  sprinkler  head  in  the  largest 
lire  unit. 

The  water  capacity  of  pressure  tanks 
shall  be  based  on  fifty  (50)  gallons  for 
each  sprinkler  in  the  largest  fire  unit; 
provided  further,  that  the  minimum  water 
capacity  of  gravity  tanks  shall  in  no  case 
be  less  than  five  thousand  (5,000)  gallons 
and  the  minimum  capacity  of  pressure 
tanks  be  not  less  than  four  thousand  five 
hundred   (4,500)   gallons. 

The  total  capacity  of  pressure  tanks 
shall  be  at  least  one-third  (1-3)  greater 
than  the  water  capacity,  and  provided 
with  all  necessary  equipment  to  maintain 
at  all  times  an  air  pressure  of  at  least 
seventy-five    (75)    pounds. 

Gravity  tanks  shall  be  placed  not  less 
than  twenty-five  (25')  feet  above  the 
highest  line  of  sprinklers.  Pressure  tanks 
shall  be  placed  on  top  floor  or  above  the 
roof. 

All  steel  gravity  and  pressure  tanks 
shall  be  built  of  fire  box  or  flanged  steel 
having  a  tensile  strength  of  not  less  than 
fifty-five  thousand  (55,000)  pounds  nor 
more  than  sixty-five  thousand  (65,000) 
pounds  with  heads  one-eighth  inch  {Va") 
thicker  than  the  shell  where  tanks  are 
not  over  seven  <7')  feet  and  the  radius  of 
the  dish  is  to  be  equal  to  the  diameter  of 
the  tank.  The  longitudinal  seams  to  be 
triple  riveted  and  placed  below  the  water 
line.  Girth  seams  may  be  single  liveted. 
except  where  the  diameter  of  tanks  is  in 
excess  of  seven  (7')  feet,  then  they  shall 
be  double  riveted.  Tanks  shall  be  pro- 
vided with  manhole  cover  and  outlet  con- 
nections, gauge  glasses,  pressure  gauges, 
filling  pipes,   and  drain  pipes. 

Tanks  to  be  tested  at  a  hydrostatic 
pressure  of  at  least  twenty-five  (25%) 
per  cent  greater  than  normal  working- 
pressure  required  and  never  less  than  one 
hundred    (100)    pounds. 

Thickness    of    the    tank    .'^hall    be    deter- 
mined by  the   following  formula: 
T   equals   I^  x   r  x   .'"> 


.75  X  s 
T^Thickness  of  plate   in   inches. 
P^ — Working      pressui'e      in      pounds 
square   inch. 


r — Internal   radius  of   shell. 

S — Tensile    strength    of    plates    in    pounds 

per  square  inch. 
5 — Factor  of  safety. 
.75 — Value  of  riveted  joints. 

No  tank  steel  shall  be  less  than  one- 
fourth    (%")   inch   thick. 

Pre-ssure  tanks  must  be  connected  to  a 
pump  for  filling  and  with  an  air  compres- 
.-^or  having  capacity  to  increase  the  air 
pre.ssure  at  an  average  rate  of  at  least 
one  pound  in   two  minutes. 

All  tanks  and  exposed  work  in  connec- 
tion therewith  above  roofs  must  be 
painted   with   durable  waterproof  paint. 

If  fire  pumps  are  used  as  a  source  of 
supply  such  fire  pumps,  all  connections 
thereto,  all  fittings  thereof,  capacities 
and  locations,  all  shall  be  in  accordance 
with  the  rules  adopted  by  the  National 
Fire  Protection  Association  of  the  United 
States,  and  satisfactory  to  the  Board  of 
Public   "Works. 

Every  automatic  sprinkler  system  re- 
quired by  the  Ordinance  to  have  more 
than  twenty-five  (25)  sprinklers  shall  be 
provided  with  a  sidewalk  steamer  con- 
nection equipped  with  a  two-way  Si- 
amese inlet. 

Such  steamer  connections  shall  be  not 
less  than  four  (4")  inches  in  diameter  and 
the  Siamese  inlet  shall  be  of  a  size  and 
tap  that  will  permit  the  standard  fire 
hose  coupling  of  the  Fire  Department  of 
the  City  of  Los  Angeles  to  be  coupled 
therewith  in  the  usual  manner  and  shall 
have  rubber  gaskets  on  same. 

Siamese  inlet  valves  shall  be  provided 
with  check  valves  so  made  that  they  may 
be  readily  removed  and  repaired,  and 
with  hose  swivels,  gaskets,  plugs  and 
chains.  The  inlet  connections  shall  be 
covered  at  all  times  with  plug  when  not 
in   actual   use. 

There  shall  be  a  separate  check  valve 
provided  in  this  steamer  connection  in- 
side the  building.  Sidewalk  inlet  Siam- 
ese connections  shall  be  placed  as  close 
as  possible  to  the  face  of  building  and  not 
over  four  (4')  feet  six  (6")  inches  nor  less 
than  twelve  (12")  inches  above  the  alley 
or  sidewalk  or  ground  grade  dit-ectly  un- 
der same. 

Adjoining  such  inlet  connections,  there 
shall  be  securely  attached  to  the  building 
a  cast  iron,  brass  or  bronze  plate  with 
raised  letters  thereon.  Said  plate  shall 
be  not  less  than  eight  (8")  inches  in 
length  and  four  (4")  inches  in  width  and 
bear  the  inscription  "Basement  Sprin- 
klers" or  "Cellar  Sprinklers"  or  "Sub- 
basement  Sprinklers,"  or  "Upper  Story 
Sprinklers,"  etc..  as  the  case  may  be. 

All  piping  for  sprinklers  shall  be  in- 
stalled without  traps  and  shall  be  graded 
not  less  than  one-quarter  (1-4")  inch  in 
ten  (10')  feet  to  drain  towards  the  sources 
of  supply  and  shall  be  provided  with  drip 
valves  at  the  low  points.  Each  riser  shall 
have  a  drip  valve  of  not  less  than  two 
(2")   inch  pipe  and  fittings. 

The  piping  connecting  each  source  of 
water  supply  with  the  sprinkler  system 
shall  be  provided  with  a  gale  valve,  so 
located  as  to  control  such  source  of  water 
supply,  except  that  from  steamer  con- 
nections. All  such  gate  valves  shall  be 
located  within  the  buildings  where  easily 
visible  and  readily  accessible  and  as  close 
as  possible  to  the  supply  inlet.  Each 
source    of    supply    .'^hall    also    be    provided 


80 


with  a  check  valve.  These  check  valves 
are  to  be  properly  located  and  arranged 
to  control  the  supplies. 

E'ach  separate  feed  main  shall  be  pro- 
vided with  a  gate  valve,  so  located  as  to 
be  easily  visible  and  readily  accessible. 

BASEMENT    SPRINKLERS 

Sec.  166.  In  every  building  in  fire  dis- 
tricts numbers  one  (1),  two  (2),  three 
(3)  and  four  (4),  containing  a  basement, 
sub-basement  or  cellar,  there  shall  be 
installed  and  maintained  in  such  base- 
ment, sub-basement  or  cellar  an  auto- 
matic sprinkler  system  in  accordance  with 
the  provisions  of  this  Ordinance;  except 
in  buildings  used  exclusively  for  dwell- 
ings, flats,  rooming  houses,  or  portions  of 
basements,  sub-basements  or  cellars  used 
for  boiler  rooms,  bank  vaults,  safe  de- 
posit vaults  and  garages;  or  in  any  por- 
tion of  a  basement  used  for  livins 
purposes  in  a  hotel,  tenement  house  or 
lodging   house  building  . 

In  every  building  heretofore  or  here- 
after constructed  in  fire  districts  num- 
bers one  (1),  two  (2),  three  (.3)  and  four 
(4),  containing  a  basement,  sub-basement 
or  cellar,  which  basement,  sub-basement 
or  cellar  is  used  or  intended  for  use  in 
whole  or  in  part  for  the  business  of  keep- 
ing, storing,  manufacturing,  repairing  or 
working  upon  wooden  baskets,  rattan  or 
cane  goods  or  articles,  tow,  shavings,  ex- 
celsior, oakum,  rope,  twine,  string,  thread 
bagging,  paper,  paper-stock,  card-board, 
rags,  cotton  or  linen,  cotton  or  linen  gar- 
ments or  goods,  rubber,  feathers,  paint, 
grease,  soap,  oil,  varnish,  or  other  in- 
flamable  or  explosive  articles,  sub- 
stances or  commodities,  there  shall  be 
installed  and  maintained  in  such  base- 
ment, sub-basement  or  cellar,  an  auto- 
matic sprinkler  system  in  accordance 
with   the   provisions   of   this   ordinance. 

Sec.  167.  Exterior  Standpipes  required. 
Exterior  standpipes  shall  be  provided  in 
buildings  as   follows: 

In  all  buildings  four  (4)  stories  or 
more  in  height,  (except  as  elsewhere 
provided),  there  shall  be  provided  one 
(1)  exterior  stand  pipe  at  every  standard 
fire  escape,  or  fire  escape  and  smoke 
tow^er. 

In  the  event  that  any  building  four  (4) 
or  more  stories  in  height,  by  the  pro- 
visions of  this  ordinance,  is  not  required 
to  have  flre  escapes  thereon,  then  such 
building  shall  be  equipped  with  exterior 
standpipes,  based  on  the  floor  area  of 
such  building;,  computed  on  same  ratio  as 
by  this  ordinance  provided  for  fire  es- 
capes according  to  the  clnss  and  the 
purpose  for  which  such  building  is  de- 
signed, built  or  intended  to  be  used. 

Theaters  and  Motion  Picture  Shows: 
Theaters  and  motion  picture  .shows  shall 
be  provided  with  standpipes  for  connec- 
tions thereto  by  the  Fire  Department  of 
the  City  of  Los  Angeles  as  required  un- 
der the  section  of  this  ordinance  govern- 
ing  theatres. 

The  Board  of  Public  AVorks  shall  have 
the  power,  and  it  shall  be  its  duty  to  de- 
termine the  location  of  all  exterior 
standpipes,  connections,  inlets  and  out- 
lets, in  all  cases  where  the  location  there- 
of is  not  specifically  fixed  by  this  ordi- 
nance. 

Sec.  168.  EXTERIOR  STANDPIPES. 
All  exterior  standpipes  required  by  this 
ordinance      shall      be      standard      weight 


wrought  iron  or  steel  screw  piping.  Such 
piping  shall  be  thoroughly  reamed.  All 
pipe  fittings  shall  be  cast  iron  or  mallea- 
ble iron  with  standard  threads.  Every 
elbow  used  on  such  exterior  standpipes 
shall  be  of  a  radius  of  not  less  than  four 
(4)  times  its  diameter.  Branch  or  Sia- 
mese fittings  shall  be  wrought  iron,  mal- 
leable  iron,    steel,    brass   or    bronze. 

Inlet  and  outlet  connections,  together 
with  the  valve  or  valves  thereof,  and  the 
connection  caps  and  chains  shall  be  of 
brass  or  bronze. 

Every  inlet  and  outlet  connection, 
branch  or  Siamese  fittings  shall  be  no', 
less  than  three  (3")  inches  inside 
diameter. 

All  inlet  and  outlet  connections  shall 
Ije  of  the  size  and  tapping  that  will  per- 
mit the  standard  fire  hose  coupling  of  the 
Fire  Department  of  the  City  of  I.,os  .An- 
geles to  be  coupled  therewith  in  the  usual 
manner;  and  have  rubber  gaskets  on 
same. 

All  inlet  and  outlet  connections  (when 
not  in  actual  use)  shall  be  covered  .at  :ill 
times  with  a  threaded  cap  of  form  ap- 
proved by  the  Fire  Department  of  the 
City  of  Los  Angeles  and  this  caj)  shall  be 
permanently  attached  to  the  connection 
with  a  chain. 

All  valves  for  exterior  standpipe  out- 
lets shall  be  standard  double  wedge  disc, 
non-rising  stem,  stufl[ing  box  pattern, 
wheel  handle,  gate  valves  constructed 
and  installed  in  such  a  manner  that  they 
may    be    readily    repaired. 

All  side-walk  iidet  valves  shall  be  pro- 
vided With  check  valves,  hose  swivels, 
])lugs  and  chains  so  made  that  the  check 
valves  may  be  readily  removed  and  re- 
paired. 

All  exterior  standpipes  after  erection 
and  comi)letion  of  same  in  the  building 
shall  be  tested  and  approved  by  the  Fire 
Department  of  the  City  of  Los  Angeles  to 
a  hydrostatic  pressure  of  three  hundred 
pounds  per  square  inch  throughout  entire 
installation. 

It  shall  be  the  duty  of  every  person 
erecting  or  installing  any  such  standpipes 
to  notify  the  Board  of  Public  Works  and 
the  Chief  Engineer  of  the  Fire  Depart- 
ment in  writing  when  the  same  are  com- 
pleted and  ready  to  be  tested. 

Exterior  standpipes  may  be  placed  on 
either  the  interior  or  exterior  s'de  of 
the  exterior  walls  of  the  building,  or  may 
be  imljedded  therein.  If  placed  on  the  in- 
terior or  exterior  side  of  said  walls,  they 
shall  be  attached  thereto  as  closely  as 
possible;  if  on  the  interior  side  of  wall  or 
imbedded  therein,  they  shall  be  thorough- 
ly firei)roofed  with  not  less  than  two  (2") 
inches    of   brick,    concrete   or   tile. 

If  the  standpipe  be  exposed  on  outside 
of  wall,  no  portion  of  the  sidewalk  inlets 
shall  project  more  than  three  (3")  inches 
beyond  the  street  face  of  the  vertical  pip- 
ing. 

All  vertical  piping  shall  be  securely  an- 
chored to  the  walls,  and  be  properly  sup- 
ported so  that  .ans'  settlement  that  may 
occur  in  the  walls  will  not  affect  such 
piping. 

All  exterior  standpipes  shall  extend 
from  sidewalk  inlets  to  and  over  the  roof; 
they  shall  be  provided  with  sidewalk  in- 
let connections,  with  outlet  connections 
and  gate  valves  at  each  story  and  at  the 
roof. 

All  outlets  and  inlets  shall  be  on  ex- 
teiior   of   buildings. 

Sidewalk  inlet  connections  shall  be 
placed    on    the    building   so   as    to    be    not 


81 


JAMES  JONES  COMPANY 

BRASS   WORKS 

MANUFACTURERS   OF   BRASS   FITTINGS   FOR   WATER,    GAS   AND 

STEAM.     BRASS  HOSE  GOODS 

ORNAMENTAL  BRONZE  CASTINGS 

PLUMBERS'   BRASS  SPECIALTIES 


201  LeRoy  Street 


Los  Angeles,  Cal. 


over  four  feet  six  inches  (4'  6")  nor  less 
than  twelve  (12")  inches  above  the  side- 
walk, or  alley  grade  directly  under  same. 

Adjoining  such  sidewalk  inlet  connec- 
tions, there  shall  be  securely  attached  to 
the  building  a  cast  iron,  brass  or  bronze 
plate  wth  raised  letters  thereon;  said 
plate  shall  be  not  less  than  eight  inches 
(S")  in  length  and  four  inches  (4")  in 
width  and  bear  the  inscription  "Exterior 
Standpipes". 

Roof  outlets  shall  discharge  horizontal- 
ly and  be  placed  not  closer  than  twelve 
(12")  inches  to  the  roof  surface  directly 
under    same. 

Outlets  at  each  story  above  first  story 
shall  be  placed  not  more  than  two  feet 
six  inches  (2'  6")  nor  less  than  twelve 
inches  (12")  above  window  or  door  sills 
nor  more  than  four  feet  (4')  above  the 
floors  of  fire  escape  balconies,  nor  nearer 


than  twelve  inches  (12")  to  any  portion 
of   fire    escapes. 

Gate  valves  shall  be  installed  with 
stems   vertical,    closing  downward. 

Gate  valves  and  outlets  above  the  first 
story  where  access  to  same  is  from  the 
interior  of  the  building  through  doors  or 
windows,  shall  be  placed  in  the  reveal  of 
the  openings  of  such  doors  or  windows, 
or  may  be  placed  parallel  to  the  walls 
not  more  than  eight  (8")  inches  there- 
from and  on  a  line  flush  with  the  reveal 
of   such    openings. 

Every  exterior  standpipe  adjacent  to 
fire  escapes  or  to  fire  escape  and  smoke 
tower,  shall  be  parallel  and  close  thereto, 
with  valves  located  so  as  to  be  readily 
accessible   therefrom. 

The  sizes  of  exterior  standpipes,  also 
the  sizes  and  forms  of  outlet  and  inlet 
connections  shall  be  in  accordance  with 
the  following  table: 


EXTERIOR     STANDPIPE     SIZES    AND    CONNECTIONS. 

Height  of  Building 


Main 
Pipe 
Size 


Sidewalk 
Connection 


Intermediate 

Story 

Connection 


Roof 

Connection 


Four  and  Five  Stories  4" 

Six   and  Seven  Storie.s  5" 

Eight   and    over  6" 


2 -way  Siamese 
4-way  Siamese 
4-way  Siamese 


Single  gate 
Single  gate 
Single  gate 


2-way  Siamese 
and  gate 

3-way  Siamese 
and  gate 

3-way  Siamese 
and  gate 


Sec.  169.     ln*erior  Stand  Pipes  Required. 

Interior  standpipes  shall  be  provided  on 
the   interior   of  buildings   as  follows: 

Class  "A"  Buildings:  In  every  build- 
ing of  Class  "A"  construction,  three  (3) 
stories  or  more  in  height,  there  shall  be 
at  least  one  interior  standpipe  for  every 
ten  thousand  (10,000)  square  feet  of  floor 
area  or  fractional  part  thereof. 

Class  "B"  and  "C"  Buildings:  In  every 
building  of  Class  "B"  or  "C"  construction 
three  (3)  or  more  stories  in  height,  there 
shall  be  at  least  one  interior  stand  pipe 
for  every  five  thousand  (.5000)  square  feet 
of  floor  area  or  fractional  part  thereof. 

CItss  "D"  Bulld'ngs:  In  every  building 
of  Class  "D"  construction,  three  (3)  or 
more  stories  in  height,  there  shall  be  at 
least  one  interior  stand  pipe  for  every 
four  thousand  (4000)  square  feet  of  floor 
area  or  fractional  part  thereof. 

Theatres  and  Motion  Picture  Shows: 
Theatres  and  motion  picture   shows  shall 


be  provided  with  interior  standpipes, 
valves  and  hose  as  required  under  the 
sections  of  this  ordinance  governing  thea- 
tres. 

Where  Not  Required:  Provided,  how- 
ever, that  the  provisions  of  this  section 
shall  not  apply  to  buildings  designed, 
built,  oi-  intended  to  be  used  exclusively 
for  dwelling  houses,  churches,  breweries, 
ice  houses,  cold  storage  plants,  or  grain 
elevators,  nor  in  any  building  or  portion 
thereof  wherein  is  installed  an  autoinatic 
sprinkler  system  constructed  in  accord- 
ance with  the  provisions  of  this  ordi- 
nance. 

INTERIOR    STANDPIPES 

Sec.  170.  All  interior  standpipes  re- 
quired by  this  ordinance  shall  be  gal- 
vanized wrought  iron  or  galvanized  steel, 
screw  piping.  Such  piping  shall  be 
thoroughly  reamed. 


82 


All  pipe  littiiigs  and  nipples  shall  be 
galvanized. 

All  hose  fittings  and  nozzles  shall  be 
of  brass  or  bronze. 

All  interior  standpipes  shall  extend 
from  the  lowest  basement  or  cellar  to  and 
above  the  roof  with  outlets  at  each  story 
and  above  the  roof,  one  outlet  always 
shall  be  adjacent  to  every  boiler  room: 
one  outlet  shall  be  placed  in  each  store 
on  the  fir.«t  floor  and  in  the  basement  un- 
der such  stores  of  every  building. 

Interior  standpipes  shall  be  connected 
directly  with  the  city  water  main:  the 
connections,  meter  and  tap  shall  be  not 
less  in  diameter  than  the  diameter  of 
the  standpipes  connected  thereto. 

All  interior  outlets  shall  be  placed  not 
to  exceed  six  (6)  feet  above  the  levels  of 
the  various  floors. 

Ptoof  outlets  shall  discharge  horizontal- 
ly, and  must  be  placed  not  closer  than 
twelve  inches  (12")  to  the  roof  surface 
directly  under  same. 

Each  outlet  of  each  interior  standpipe 
shall  be  provided  with  a  wheel  handle, 
brass  globe  valve,  or  a  wheel  handle, 
brass  angle  valve,  or  a  wheel  handle, 
brass  gate  valve:  each  such  valve  must 
be  equipped  with  a  soft  disc  or  seat. 
Connected  to  eai'h  such  valve,  except  the 
roof  valve,  theie  shall  be  an  unlined  linen 
hose  not  less  than  one  a,nd  one-half  inch 
(1%")  in  diameter,  bearing  the  label  of 
approval  of  the  National  Fire  Protection 
Association  of  the  United  States,  of  suffi- 
cient length  to  reach  all  parts  of  the  floor 
area  served  by  this  standpipe,  equipped 
with  a  suitable  Are  nozzle.  This  hose 
shall  be  coiled  on  an  approved  standard 
form  of  wall  hose  reel  or  rack. 

All  valves  and  hose  shall  be  so  in- 
stalled and  located  as  to  be  readily  ac- 
cessible at  all  times. 

The  minimum  size;  of  each  outlet  on  all 
interior  standpipes  shall  be  one  and  one- 
half   (1%")    inch. 

The  minimum  size  of  all  Interior  stand- 
pipes  in  all  buildings  of  three  and  four 
stories  in  height  shall  be  one  and  one- 
half   (11/2")    inch. 

The  minimum  size  of  all  interior  stand- 
pipes  in  all  buildings  five  (.5)  or  more 
stories  ;n  height  shall  be  two  (2")  inches 
except  that  any  branch  to  any  single  out- 
let may  be  one  and  one-half    (!%")    inch. 

In  every  building  eight  or 'more  stories 
in  height,  each  of  the  standpipes  shall 
be  connected  with  the  tank  placed  above 
the  roof  of  such  building,  said  tank  shall 
contain  not  less  than  one  thousand  (1000) 
gallons  of  watei-.  Every  such  tank  shall 
be  provided  with  a  water  supply  not  less 
than  two   (2)    inches  in  diameter. 

If  such  tank  be  a  non-pressure  tank,  it 
shall  be  provided  with  a  two  (2)  inch  ball 
cock  and  copper  float,  also  a  swing  check 
valve  on  the  standpipe,  close  to  the  tank 
and  a  .swing  check  valve  on  the  stand- 
pipe  in  the  basement  or  cellar. 

If  such  tank  be  a  pressure  tank,  the 
standpipe  shall  be  provided  with  a  swing 
check  valve  in  the  basement  or  cellar. 

The  Board  of  Public  Works  shall  have 
the  power  and  it  shall  be  its  duty  to  de- 
termine the  location  of  all  interior 
standpipes  wherever  the  location  thereof 
is  not  specifically  fixed  by  this  Ordinance. 

BASEMENT   PIPE    INLETS 
Sec.    171.         Pasement    pipe    inlets    shall 


be  installed  in  the  first  floors  of  every 
store,  warehouse  or  factory  where  there 
are  cellars  or  basements  under  same,  ex- 
cept where  in  such  cellars  or  basements 
there  is  installed  an  automatic  sprinklei- 
system,  connected  with  the  City  water 
main  in  accordance  with  the  provisions 
of  this  Ordinance,  or  where  the  cellars 
or  basements  are  used  for  banking  pur- 
poses or  safe  deposit  vaults. 

All  basement  pipe  mlets  shall  be  of 
cast  iron,  steel,  brass  or  bronze,  with 
lids  of  cast  brass  or  bronze. 

All  such  pipe  inlets  shall  consist  of  a 
sleeve  through  the  floor  extending  to  the 
ceiling  below,  with  a  flange  at  the  bot- 
tom thereof  finished  against  the  ceiling 
and  with  a  top  flange,  recessed  with  an 
inside  shoulder  to  receive  the  lid. 

The  lid  shall  be  a  solid  casting  and 
have  a  ring  lift  recessed  in  the  top  there- 
of, so  as  to  be  flush.  The  lid  shall  have 
the  words,  "Fire  Dept.  Ohli^.  Do  Not 
Cover  Up"  cast  in  the  top  thereof. 

The  top  flange,  lid  of  the  inlet  and  the 
finish  floor  surface  shall  be  flush.  The 
lid  shall  be  installed  in  such  a  manner  as 
to  readily  permit  its  removal  from  the 
inlet. 

Clear  diameter  of  the  opening  and 
sleeve  shall  be  not  less  than'  eight  (8") 
inches. 

One  basement  pipe  inlet  shall  be  pro- 
vided for  every  three  thousand  (3000) 
s(iuare  feet  of  floor  area  of  cellars  or 
basements  or  fractional  part  thereof: 
provided,  that  at  least  one  .such  inlet 
shall  be  provided  for  every  sub-division 
of  any  basement  or  cellar  exceeding  one 
thousand   (1000)   square  feet  in  floor  area. 

Such  basement  pipe  inlets  shall  be  lo- 
cated so  as  to  be  satisfactory  to  the 
Board  of  Public  Works  and  readily  ac- 
ces.sible  at  all  times  to  the  Fire  Depart- 
ment. 

Sec.    173.      Artificial    Stone.  Artificial 

stone  made  of  Portland  cement  and  in- 
combustible and  fire  and  water  proof  ma- 
terial may  be  used  as  a  substitute  for  any 
natural  stone,  provided  that  no  artificial 
stone  containing  more  than  fifteen  (15) 
per  cent,  of  lime  or  limestone  as  an  in- 
gredient shall  be  used  as  a. lintel  or  bear- 
ing part  in  buildings  '  bvei"  three  (3) 
stories  in  height:  provided  further  that 
the  factor  of  safety  shall  be  not  less  than 
ten.  :  •!  1 

No  exterior  or  interior  exposed  walls 
of  any  building  within  Fire  Districts 
Numbers  1,  2,  3,  and  4  shall  be  con- 
structed of  hollow  concrete  'blocks.  No 
exterior  or  inteiior  exposed  walls  of  any 
building  more  than  two  stones  in  height 
in  the  City  of  Los  Angeles  shall  be  con- 
structed of  hollow  concrete  blocks. 

Where  hollow  concrete  blocks  are  used 
in  the  construction  of  exterior  or  heal- 
ing walLs,  such  walls  shall  be  construct- 
ed of  the  same  thickness  as  required  for 
brick  walls:  provided,  however,  that  such 
hollow  blocks  shall  be  made  with  solid 
connecting  web  not  less  than  two  inches 
thick  and  connecting  web  shall  be  not 
more  than  twelve  inches  apart:  provided, 
however,  that  the  hollow  space  in  any 
such  hollow  concrete  block  .shall  not  ex- 
ceed 25  per  cent,  of  the  whole  block 
Every  wall  built  of  such  hollow  concrete 
blocks  .shall  be  laid  up  in  cement  mortar 
and  shall  be  capable  of  sustaining  a  load 


83 


BRASS 
STAND 
PIPE 

VALVES  AND  FITTTINGS 
PLUMBER  BRASS  GOODS 


Manufacturers 

PRICE-CORCORAN-PFISTER  CO. 

2923   HUMBOLDT  STREET  LOS  ANGELES,  CALIFORNIA 

East  638 


TESTS  of  BUILDING  MATERIAL 

Large,    Well    Equipped    Physical    Testing    and    Chemical    Laboratories 

SMITH,    EMERY    &   CO. 

SAN  FRANCISCO  LOS  ANGELES 


of  eight  tons  per  square  foot  of  sectional 
area. 

PLANS,      SPECIFICATIONS      AND      IN- 
SPECTION. 

(Concrete  Construction) 
Sec.  174.  (a)  Belore  a  permit  is 
granted  to  construct,  erect,  alter,  or  re- 
pair any  reinforced  concrete  building  or 
other  structure,  or  for  any  reinforced 
concrete  construction  in  or  upon  any 
building  or  other  structure,  the  applicant 
for  such  permit  shall  file  with  the  Board 
of  Public  Works,  complete  plans,  draw- 
ings, specifications  and  details,  showing 
the  size,  position  and  reinforcement  of 
structural  members  and  schedules  of  the 
loads  for  all  columns,  girders,  beams  and 
joists. 

Such  plans,  drawing  and  specifications 
shall  exhibit  the  approval  and  signature 
of  a  licensed  architect. 

(b)  The  figured  dimensions  of  all 
walls,   columns,   girders,   beams  and  slabs 


as  shown  on  said  plans,  shall  indicate  ami 
denote  the  full  solid  thickness  of  the 
concrete  only,  exclusive  of  plastering  or 
cement  finish. 

(c)  The  architect,  owner,  builder  or 
other  person  immediately  in  charge  of  the 
construction  of  any  reinforced  concrete 
building  or  other  structure  shall  at  all 
times  during  the  placing  of  the  reinforc- 
ing iron  or  steel  and  the  mixing  and  de- 
positing of  concrete,  maintain  an  inspec- 
tor duly  qualified  and  competent,  to  see 
that  the  provisions  of  this  ordinance,  reg- 
ulating the  construction  of  reinforced  con- 
crete buildings  or  other  structures,  are 
properly  complied  with.  Every  such  in- 
spector who  shall  fail,  refuse  or  neglect 
to  immediately  stop  the  construction  of 
any  such  reinforced  concrete  work  which 
fails  to  comply  with  the  require-nents  of 
this  ordinance  or  the  apnroved  plans 
and  specifications  and  immediately  report 
any  such  violation  to  his  employer  and  to 
the    Board    of    Public   Works   of    the    City 


84 


of  Los  Angeles,  shall  be  deemed  guilty 
of  a  niisdeiTieanor,  and  upon  conviction 
thereof  shall  be  punishable  by  a  fine  of 
not  more  than  Five  Hundred  ($500.00) 
Dollars  or  by  imprisonment  in  the  city 
jail  for  not  more  than  six  (6)  months,  or 
by  both  such  fine  and  imprisonment. 

SEC.  175  (a)  CONCRETE:  For  the  pur- 
pose of  this  ordinance,  concrete  shall  be 
deemed  to  be  a  mixture  of  Portland  ce- 
ment,  sand,  rock  and  fresh  water. 

(b)  PLAIN  OR  NON-REINFORCED 
CONCERETE:  Plain  or  non-reinforced 
conciete  shall  be  deemed  to  be  concrete 
in  which  no  iron  or  steel  is  imbedded,  and 
shall  be  used  only  in  compression. 

(c)  REINFORCED  CONCRETE:  Rein- 
foi'ced  concrete  shall  be  deemed  to  be 
concrete  in  which  iron  or  steel  is  im- 
bedded in  such  a  manner  that  the  com- 
bined conciete  and  ii'on  or  steel  do  sus- 
tain all  the  stresses  imposed   thereon. 

(d)  Cement:  Cement  shall  be  deemed 
to  be  Portland  Cement. 

(e)  PORTLAND  CEMENT:  Portland 
cement  shall  be  deemed  to  be  the  finely 
pulverized  product  resulting-  from  cal- 
cination to  incipient  fusion  of  an  inti- 
mate mixture  of  properly  proportioned 
argillaceous  and  calcareous  materials  to 
with  no  addition  greater  than  three  (3%) 
per  cent  has  been  inade  subsequent  to 
calcination. 

(f)  SAND.  Sand  shall  be  deemed  to  be 
bank  or  river  sand,  or  flnelv  divided  rock 
of  any  hard  variety,  passing  a  quarter 
(Vi)  inch  screen,  which  .shall  not  contain 
more  than  five  (5%)  per  cent  by  volume 
of  loam,  silt,  mica  or  org-anic  matter 
and  not  more  than  thirty  (30%)  per  cent 
shall  pass  a  thlTty  (30)  mesh  screen.  The 
graduation  fi'om  coarse  to  fine  shall  be 
reasonably  uniforin. 

(g)  UNSCREENED  GRAVEL:  Un- 
screened bank  or  river  gravel  shall  be 
well  graded  and  contain  not  more  than 
fifty  (SOOr)  per  cent  of  sand,  which  sand 
shall  meet  the  requirements  of  this  ordi' 
nance. 

;  (h)  SCREENED  GRAVEL:  Screened 
gravel  shall  be  hard  and  clean,  and  a 
wyell  graded  mixture  running  from  a  quar- 
ter (1/4)  inch  diameter  to  sizes  herein- 
after specified  for  crushed  rock.  The 
gravel  shall  be  free  from  any  coating  of 
clav,   oil   or  other  iTiaterial. 

(J)  CRUSHED  ROCK:  Granite  bould- 
ers or  any  hard  rock,  except  rock  carry- 
ing a  large  amount  of  mica  may  be 
crushed  for  use  in  concrete. 

For  reinforced  concrete  floor  slabs,  thin 
partitions,  beains.  girders,  and  for  col- 
umns, the  rock  shall  be  a  well  graded 
mixture  running  from  one -quarter  (V^) 
inch  diameter  to  rock  passing  through  a 
seven-eighths  (7-8)  inch  ring. 

For  reinforced  concrete  walls,  footings 
and  piers,  the  rock  shall  be  a  well  graded 
mixture  running  from  one -quarter  (i/4) 
inch  diameter  to  rock  passing  through  a 
one  and  one-half  (1%)   inch  ring. 

For  heavy  walls,  piers  and  mass  con- 
crete work  the  rock  .shall  be  a  well 
graded  mixture  running  from  one-quarte" 
(1/4)  inch  diameter  to  rock  passing 
through  a  two  and  one-half  (2^/^)  inch 
ring. 

(j)  REINFORCING  STEEL:  For  the 
purpose  of  this  ordinance  "Billet  steel 
concrete  reinforcement  bars"  shall  be 
deemed  to  be  bars  made  by  the  Bessemer 


or  open-hearth  process  and  all  such  bars 
shall  be  rolled  from  new  billets. 

"Rail  steel  concrete  reinforcement 
bars"  shall  be  deemed  to  be  bars  rolled 
from  standard  section  Tee  rails. 

"Rerolled  steel  concrete  reinforcement 
bars"  shall  be  deemed  to  be  bars  made 
by  a  semi-open-hearth  process  from  se- 
lected steel  scrap  rolled  into  bars,  or  bil- 
lets, which  having  been  cut  to  the  proper 
lengths,  and  reheated  to  the  proper  tem- 
perature,  are  rolled  into  the  finished  bar. 

TESTS    OF    CEMENT 

Sec.  176.  All  cement  used  for  rein- 
forced concrete  construction  shall  be 
tested   as    herein    provided. 

All  cement  for  plain  or  non-reinforced 
concrete  construction  where  the  required 
total  for  one  buildin.g  exceeds  one  hun- 
dred barrels,  shall  lie  tested  as  herein 
provided. 

One  complete  test  shall  be  made  of  each 
two  hundred  barrels  of  cement  or  frac- 
tional part  thereof.  The  tests  shall  be 
made  on  a  properly  mixed  sample,  com- 
posed of  portions  which  have  been  drawn 
from    every    tenth    barrel. 

All  cement  shall  be  stored  in  such  man- 
ner as  to  permit  of  easy  access  for  the 
proper  inspection  and  identification  of 
each  shipment. 

All  cement  shall  i)e  delivered  in  suit- 
able packages  with  the  brand  and  name 
of  the  manufacturer  plainly  marked 
thereon. 

Cement  may  be  sampled  at  the  mill  or 
on    the    work. 

All  tests  of  cement,  except  as  otherwise 
herein  provided,  shall  be  made  in  accord- 
ance with  the  methods  adopted  August 
16th,  1909.  by  the  American  Society  for 
Testing  Materials,  land  all  subsequent 
amendments  thereto  or  thereof,  and  trio 
cement  shall  conform  to  all  of  the  fol- 
lowing   requirements: 

(a)  SPECIFIC  GRAVITY:  The  specific 
gTavit>'  shall  be  not  less  than  three  and 
ten  hundredths  (3.10).  Should  the  test 
fall  below  this  requirement,  a  second 
test  may  be  made  on  a  sample  ignited 
at  a  low  red  heat.  The  loss  in  weight 
of  this  ignited  cement  shall  not  exceed 
four    (4%)    per   cent. 

(b)  FINENESS:  A  residue  of  not  more 
than  eight  (S%)  per  cent  Ijy  weight  shall 
be  left  on  the  No.  100  (one  hundred) 
sieve,  and  not  more  than  twenty-five 
(25%)  per  cent  on  the  No.  200  (two  hun- 
dred)   sieve. 

(c)  TIME  OF  SETTING:  It  shall  not 
develop  initial  set  in  less  than  one  (1) 
hour,  and  hard  set  in  less  than  two  (2) 
hours   nor   more   than    ten    (10)    hours. 

(d)  TENSILE  STRENGTH:  The  mini- 
mum requirements  for  tensile  strength 
for  briquettes  one  (1)  square  inch  in  cross 
section  shall  be  as  follows,  and  the 
cement  shall  show  no  retrogression  in 
strength  within   the   periods   specified. 

AGE  STRENGTH 

Neat  cement,   24  hours   in  moist 

air   200  lbs. 

Neat  cement,   1   day  in  moist  air, 

6   days   in   water 500  lbs. 

I   part   cement,    3   parts    Standard 

Ottawa    sand,    1    day    in    moist 

air,   6  days  in   water 200  lbs. 

(e)  CONSTANCY  OF  VOLUME:  Pats  of 
neat  cement  about  three  (3)  inches  in 
diameter,  one-half  (%)  inch  thick  at  cen- 
ter, tapering  to  a  thin  edge  shall  be  kept 
in   moist  air  for  a   period  of  twenty-fom- 


85 


The  Derby  Racer  of  Ocean  Park 
It  is  built  with  KELLAbTONE 


Manufacturers  of 

CRACK-PROOF  EXTERIOR  PLASTER. 

COMPOSITION  FLOORS.  DRAIN-BOARDS,  ETC. 

KELLASTONE  in  Permanent  Colors  Now  Here 

Overcoating  of  old  buildings  with  Every  ton  of  Kellastone 

Kellastone  one  of  our  specialities  carries  our  guarantee 

Kellastone  Manufacturing  Company,  Inc. 

CHANNING  AND  ATLANTIC  STREETS 

LOS  ANGELES,  CAL. 

Bdwy.  1696 


Our    Two    Plants    Guarantee    Service    and   Satisfaction 

Plaster    Sand  Brick    Sand  Concrete    Sand 

I  1/^2 -in.  Crushed  Rock        I -in.  Screened  Rock 

CONSUMERS  ROCK  &  GRAVEL  CO. 

23762  27th    and   Alameda    Sts.  So.  2970 

WESTERN  ROCK  &  SAND  CO. 

29976  2600  East  26th  St.  So.  7047 


CRUSHED  ROCK 

QUALITY  RIP  -RAP  SERVICE 

WASHED  GRAVEL   AND   SAND 

PROMPT  DELIVERIES  GUARANTEED 

RUSSELL-GREENE-FOELL  CO. 

Home  22959 — South  2959  2644  Compton  Ave.,   Los   Angeles 

Crushing  Plant,  Crushton,  Cai.  Quarries   at    Declez,    Cal. 

Both    Phones:    Covina     320  Sunset,  Riverside  832  R3 


86 


BAKER  IRON  WORKS 

912-982  NORTH  BROADWAY  LOS  ANGELES,  CAL. 

PASSENGER   AND   FREIGHT   ELEVATORS 
ELECTRIC   DUMB   WAITERS 

PLATE,  TANK  &  PIPE  WORK      STEAM  BOILERS 
STRUCTURAL  STEEL  CONTRACTORS 


LLEWELLYN  IRON  WORKS 

Sunset   East   28 — Home    10977 

STRUCTURAL  WORKS  ROLLING  MILLS 

LOS  ANGELES,  CAL.  TORRANCE,  CAL. 

Reinforcing    Bars — Structural    Material 
Elevators,    Tanks,    Boilers    and    Machinery    of    Every 

Description 


WHEN  YOU  WANT  A  SPECIAL 

BUILDING  MATERIAL  OR  CONTRACTORS* 

EQUIPMENT 

SEE 

J.  E.  DWAN 

A-1637  602  CITIZENS  NATL  BANK  BLDG.  Bdwy.  3575 


(24)   hours,    then   subjected   to  the  follow-  (f)   SULPHURIC      ACID      AND       MAG- 

ing    tests:  NESIA:       The    cement    shall    not    contain 

1.  A  pat  shall  be  kept  in  air  at  normal  more  than  two  per  cent  (2%)  of  anhy- 
temperature  and  observed  at  intervals  for  drous  sulphuric  acid  (SOS),  nor  mce  than 
at  least  six    (6)    days.  Ave  per  cent   (5%)   of  magnesia   (MgO). 

2.  A  second  pat  shall  be  kept  in  water  (_)  xesT  REPORTS:  Every  test  of 
maintained  as  near  seventy  (70)  degrees  cement  required  by  this  ordinance  shall 
F.  as  practicable  and  observed  at  mter-  ,-,g  made  bv  a  recognized,  qualified  ex- 
vals   for  at   least    six    (6)    days.  pert,    who   shall    file    in    the    office    of    Lhe 

3.  A  third  pat  shall  be  exposed  in  an  Chief  Inspector  of  Buildings  a  certified 
atmosphere  of  steam  above  boiling  water,  copy  of  all  tests  made  by  him.  Such  te.st 
in  a  loosely  closed  vessel,  for  five  (.^i)  reports  shall  be  made  on  blanks  fur- 
hours,  nished   for  that   purpose   by  the  Board   of 

To  pass  the  requirements  satisfactorily  Public    AVorks    and    shall,    in    .addition    to 

these  pats  shall  remain  firm  and  hard  and  such     other    data    as    might    be    deemed 

show  no  signs  of  checking,  cracking,  dis-  necessary  by  the  Board  of  Public  Works, 

tortion    or    disintegration.  allege,     "that    the    test    was    made    per- 


87 


sonally  or  under  the  supervision  or  direc- 
tion of  a  recognized,  qualified  expert  and 
that  the  said  test  was  made  in  accord- 
ance with  the  provisions  of  this  ordinance 
and  the  methods  adopted  by  the  Amer- 
ican   Society    for    Testing    ^Materials." 

Cement  tests  made  by  manufacturer  or 
by  any  one  in  his  employ  will  not  he 
accepted. 

REINFORCING    STEEL   TESTS 

Sec.  177.  All  steel  used  for  concrete 
reinforcement  shall  be  either  billet-steel 
concrete  reinforcement  bars,  rail  steel 
concrete  reinforcement  bars,  rerolled 
steel  concrete  reinforcement  bars,  or  steel 


wire,  and  conform  to  the  physical  prop- 
erties of  this  ordinance  hereinafter  pro- 
vided. 

(a)  BILLET-STEEL:  These  .specifica- 
tions cover  three  classes  of  billet-steel 
concrete  reinforcement  bars,  namely^ 
plain,  defoi-med  and  cold-twisted.  The 
plain  and  deformed  bars  are  of  two  (2) 
giades,  namely;  structural  steel  and  hard 
grade.  Cold-twisted  bars  shall  be  twisted 
cold  with  one  complete  twist  in  a  length 
not  over  twelve  (12)  times  the  thickness 
of  the  bar. 

The  bars  shall  conform  to  the  follow- 
ing  requirements  as  to  tensile  properties: 


TENSILE   PROPERTIES 


Plain  Bars 


Deformed  Bars 


Cold 


Properties                 Structural  Structural  Twisted 

Considered              Steel  Grade  Hard  Grade     Steel  Grade  Hard  Grade      Bars 

Tensile  strength,  lb.  Recorded 

per    sq.     in .55,000—70,000  80,000  min.     55,000—70,000  SO, MOO  min.       only. 

Yield  point,  min.  lb. 

per  sq.    in  33,000  50,000                   33,000  50,000            55,000 

Elongation   in    8   in., 

min.    per    cent 1,400,000  1,200.000            1,250,000  1,000,000              5 

Ten.s.  str.  Tens.  str.         Tens.  str.  Tens.  str. 


The  yield  point  shall  be  determined  by 
the  drop  of  the  beam  of  the  testing  ma- 
chine. 

For  plain  and  deformed  bars  over  three- 
quarters  (%)  inch  in  thickness  oi'  diame- 
ter, a  deduction  of  one  (1)  from  the  per- 
centages of  elongation  specified  in  "Ten- 
sile Properties"  shall  be  made  for  each 
increase  of  one-eighth  (%)  inch  in  thick- 
ness or  diameter  above  three-quarters 
(%)  inch. 


For  plain  and  deforined  bars  under 
seven-sixteenth  (7-16)  inch  in  thickness 
or  diameter,  a  deduction  of  one  (1)  from 
the  percentage  of  elongation  specified  in 
"Tensile  Properties"  shall  be  made  for 
each  decrease  of  one-sixteenth  (1-16)  inch 
in  thickness  or  diameter  below  seven-six- 
teenth (7-16)   inch. 

The  test  specimen  shall  bend  cold 
around  a  pin  without  cracking  on  the 
outside  of  the  bent  portion,  as  follows: 


BEND  TEST   REQUIREMENTS 


Thickness 

Plain 

B. 

ars 

Deformei 

d  Bars 

or  Diameter 
of  Bar 

Structural 
Steel  Grade 

H 

ard  Grade 

Structural 
Steel  Grade 

Hard  Grade 

T 

Cold 
wisted  Bars 

Under  %  in 

180  deg. 

d:r:t 

180  deg. 
d=3t 

180  deg. 
d  =  t 

180  deg. 
d=4t 

180  deg. 
d=2t 

^4  in.  or  over 

....'.     180  deg. 

no  deg. 
d=3t 

no  deg. 
d  =  2t 

no  deg. 
dr=4t 

ISO  deg. 

d  =  t 

d=3t 

Explanatory  Note:     d  =  the  diameter  of  pin  around  which   the  specimen   is  Ijent. 
t^the  thickness  or  diameter  of  the  specimen. 


Tension  and  bent  test  specimens  for 
plain  and  deformed  bars  shall  be  taken 
frojn  the  finished  bars,  and  shall  be  of 
the  full  thickness  or  diameter  of  material 
as  rolled;  except  that  the  specimens  for 
deformed  bars  may  be  machined  for  a 
length  of  at  least  nine  (9)  inches,  if 
necessary,  to  obtain  uniform  cross-sec- 
tion. 

Tension  and  bend  test  specimens  for 
cold-twisted  bars  shall  be  taken  from  the 
tini.shed  bars. 

The    finished    bars    shall    be    free    from 


injurious  defects  and  shall  have  a  work- 
manlike finish. 

(b)  RAIL-STEEL:  These  specifica- 
tions cover  three  classes  of  rail-steel  cor?- 
crete  reinforcement  bars,  namely  Plain. 
Deformed  and  Hot-twisted.  i 

The  bars  shall  be  rolled  from  Standaiid 
Section  Tee  Rails.  The  Hot-twisted  bails 
shall  have  one  complete  twist  in  a  lengtji 
not  over  twelve  (12)  times  the  thickness 
of  the  bar.  • 

The  bars  shall  conform  to  the  follo-vJ- 
ing  minimum  reciuirements  as  to  tensile 
properties: 


88 


J.  GILLENBERG  Estimates  Furnished  Free  R.   B.    CARSON 

Pres.    &  Treas.  Gen'l  Mgr.  &  Sec'y 

Office  and  Bank  Railings,  Elevator  Enclosures,  Grills  and  Gates 

Iron    and    Brass     Wire    Work,     Iron    Stairs     and    Fire    Escapes 

PACIFIC  COAST  ORNAMENTAL  IRON  WORKS 

Broadway  6341       Office   &   Works,    1316   Central  Ave.       Los  Angeles,  Cal. 


TENSILE   PROPERTIES 


Properties 

Considered  Plain  Bars 

Tensile    strength, 

lb.  per  sq.   in 80,000 

Yield      point,      lb. 

per  sq.    in 50,000 

Elongation     in     8 

in.,   per  cent 1,200,000 


Deformed  and 

Hot  Twisted 

Bars 

80,000 

50.000 

1,000,000 


Tens  str.  Tens.  str. 

The  yield  point  shall  be  determined  by 
the  drop  of  the  beam  of  the  testing  ma- 
chine. 

For  bars  over  three-quarters  (%)  inch, 
in  thickness  or  diameter,  a  deduction  of 
one  (1)  from  the  percentages  of  elonga- 
tion specified  in  "Tensile  Properties" 
shall  be  made  for  each  increase  of  one- 
eighth  iVs)  inch  in  thickness  or  diameter 
above  three-quarters  (%)  inch. 

For  bars  under  seven-sixteenths  (7-16) 
inch  in  thickness  or  diameter,  a  deduc- 
tion of  one  (1)  from  the  percentages  of 
elongation  specified  in  "Tensile  Prop- 
erties" shall  be  inade  for  each  decrease 
of  one-sixteenth  (1-16)  inch  in  thickness 
or  diameter  below  seven-sixteenths 
(7-16)   inch. 

The  test  specimen  shall  bend  cold 
around  a  pin  without  cracking  on  the  out- 
side of  the  bent  portion,  as  follows: 

BEND  TEST   REQUIREMENTS 

Thickness  or  Deformed  and 

Diameter  of  Hot  Twisted 

Bar  Plain  Bar  Bars 

Under   %    in 180  deg.         180  deg. 

d=r:3t  d=4t 

%  in.  or  over 90  deg.  90  deg. 

drrSt  d=r4t 


Explantory    Note: 

d=the  diameter  of  pin  about  which  tlu' 
specimen  is  bent. 

t^thickness  or  diameter  of  specimen. 

Tension  and  bend  test  specimens  for 
plain  and  deformed  bars  shall  be  taken 
from  the  finished  bars,  and  shall  be  of 
the  full  thickness  or  diameter  of  bars  as 
rolled;  except  that  the  specimens  foi- 
deformed  bars  may  be  machined  for  a 
length  of  at  least  nine  (9)  inches,  if 
necessary  to  obtain  uniform  cross-sec- 
tion. 

Tension  and  bend  test  specimens  foi' 
hot-twisted  bars  shall  be  taken  from  the 
finished   bars,   without  further  treatment. 

The  finished  bars  shall  be  free  from  in- 
jurious defects  and  shall  have  a  work- 
manlike finish. 

(c)  REROLLED  STEEL:  These  speci- 
fications cover  three  (3)  classes  of  re- 
rolled  steel  concrete  reinforcement  bars, 
namely:  Plain,  Deformed  and  Cold 
twisted.  Cold-twisted  bars  shall  be 
twi.'^ted  cold  with  one  (1)  complete  twist 
in  a  length  not  over  twelve  (12)  times 
the  thickness  of  the  bar. 

The  bars  shall  conform  to  the  follow- 
ing minimum  requirements  as  to  tensile 
properties. 


TENSILE  PROPERTIES 

Properties  Considered  Plain  Bars  and  Deformed 

Tensile  strength  lb.  per  sq.  in %"  to  %"  over  %" 

5'>.0n0  45.000 

Yield  point  lbs.  per  sq.  in 30.000  30,000 

Elongation  in  8  in.  per  cent 1,000,000  1,000,000 

Tens.  Str.  Tens.  Str. 


Cold  Twisted  Bars 

%"  to  %"  over  %" 

60.000  52,000 

35.000  35,000 

5%  5% 


Office   Phones:  Res.     1429    Essex   St. 

Home  60608;  Main  6561  Home  21909;  Sunset  So.   6944-W 

WILLIAM  McARTHUR 

PLUMBING,  GAS  FITTING  AND  HEATING 
501    Stimson   Building  Los  Angeles,  Cal. 


89 


THE  ELECTRIC  CORPORATION 

836-838   S.    Los   Angeles    St. 
Los   Angeles,    Cal. 

JOBBERS   AND   DEALERS   IN   ELECTRICAL   SUPPLIES 


The  yield  point  shall  be  determined  by 
the  drop  of  the  beam  of  the  testing  ma- 
chine. 

For  plain  bars  over  three-quarters  (%) 
inch  in  thickness  or  diameter,  a  deduc- 
tion of  one  (1)  from  the  percentages  of 
elongation  specified,  shall  be  made  for 
each  increase  of  one-eighth  (%)  inch  in 
thickness  or  diameter  about  three-quar- 
ters   (%)    inch. 

The  test  specimen  shall  bend  cold 
around  a  pin  without  cracking  on  the 
outside  of  the  bent  portion,  as  follows: 

BEND  TEST    REQUIREMENTS 
Thickness  or  Plain  and 

Diameter  of  Deformed 

Bar  Bars         Cold    Twisted 

Under  %   in 180  deg.  180  deg. 

d=t  d=2t 

%   in.   and  over 180  deg.  180  deg. 

d=t  d=3t 

Explantory   Note: 

d=the  diameter  of  pin  about  which  the 
specimen  is  bent. 


t=thickness  or  diameter  of  specimen. 

Ten.«ion  and  bend  test  specimens  for 
both  plain  and  cold-twisted  bars  shall 
be  taken  from  the  finished  bars,  and  shall 
be  the  full  thickness  or  diameter  of  ma- 
terial as  rolled;  except  that  specimens 
for  deformed  bars  may  be  machined  for 
a  length  of  at  least  nine  (9)  inches  if 
necessary,  to  obtain  uniform  cross-sec- 
tions. 

Tension  and  bend  te.st  specimens  for 
cold-twisted  bars  shall  be  taken  from 
the  finished  bars,  without  further  treat- 
ments. 

The  finished  bars  shall  be  free  fion 
injurious  defects  and  shall  have  a  work- 
manlike  finish. 

(d)  STEEL  WIRE:  These  specifica- 
tions cover  three  (3)  grades  of  Steel  Wire, 
namely:  "Cold  drawn,"  "Intermediate" 
and  "Annealed."  The  steel  wire  shall  con- 
form to  the  following  requirements  as  to 
physical   properties: 


PHYSICAL  PROPERTIES 

Properties                               Cold  Drawn          Intermediate  Annealed 

Ten.sile  strength,   lbs.   per  sq.   in 80,000               ti(),000— 80,000  .S5, 000— 70,000 

Yield    point    50,000               40,000  33,000 

Elongation  in  8  in.,  per  cent 140,000— TS                  10%  1,400,000 

20,000  T.  S. 

Bend   Test   180  deg.  180  deg.  180  deg. 

d=3t  d-2t  d  =  t 

Explanatory  Note:     d=the  diameter  of  pin  about  which  the  specimen  Is  bent. 

t  =  the  thickness  or  diameter  of  specimen.  The  yield  point 
shall  be  determined  by  the  drop  of  the  beam  of  the  testing 
machine. 


For  Annealed  wire  under  seven-six- 
teenths (7-16")  of  an  inch  in  diameter, 
a  deduction  of  one  (1)  from  the  percent- 
age of  elongation  may  be  made  for  each 
decrease  of  one-sixteenth  (1-16")  of  an 
inch  in  diameter  below  seven-sixteenths 
(7-16")   of  an  inch. 

The  test  specimen  shall  bend  cold 
around  a  pin  without  cracking  on  the 
outside  of  the  bent  portion. 

(e)  TEST  REPORTS:  All  reinforcing 
iron  or  steel  used  in  concrete  construc- 
tion, where  the  required  total  for  one  (1) 
building  exceeds  five  (5)  tons,  shall  be 
tested   as   herein   provided. 

A  tensile  test  and  a  bending  test  of 
one  (1)  bar,  selected  at  random  from 
every  ten  (10)  tons  or  fiactional  part 
thereof,  of  each  size  and  kind  of  rein- 
forcing metal. 

Such  tests  .shall  be  made  by  a  recog- 
nized, qualified  expert  who  shall  file  in 
the  office  of  the  Chief  Inspector  of  Build- 
ings, a  certified  copy  of  all  tests  made  by 
him.     Such  test  reports  shall  be  made  on 


blanks  fui-nished  for  that  purpose  by  the 
Board  of  Public  Works  and  shall  in  addi- 
tion to  such  other  data  as  might  bt- 
deemed  necessary  by  the  said  Boaid  of 
Public  Works,  allege,  "that  the  test  was 
made  personally  or  under  the  .supervision 
or  direction  of  a  recognized  qualified  ex- 
pert and  that  the  said  test  was  made  in 
accordance  with  the  provisions  of  this 
ordinance  and  the  methods  adopted  b>' 
the  American  Society  for  Testing  Mater- 
ials." 

CONCRETE    PROPORTIONS    AND    MIX- 
ING. 

Sec.  178  (a)  PROPORTIONS:  The  pro- 
portions for  concrete  used  in  concrete 
construction,  shall  be  of  three  (3)  grades 
of  mixtures,  which  are  herein  defined  and 
consist  of  the  following  proportions  of 
cement  and  aggregate: 

GRADE  1  CONCRETE:  Grade  1  con- 
crete shall  be  a  mixture  of  one  (1)  part 
cement;     two     and     one-half     (2%)     parts 


90 


sand,  and  three  and  one-half  (3^/^)  parts 
oif  crushed  rock   or  screened  gravel. 

GRADE  2  CONCRETE:  Grade  2  con- 
crete shall  be  a  mixture  of  one  (1)  part 
cement:  three  (3)  parts  sand  and  four 
and  one-half  (4i/2)  parts  of  crushed  rock 
or  screened  gravel. 

GiRADE  3  CONCRETE:  Grade  3  con- 
crete shall  be  a  mixture  of  one  (1)  part 
cement  and  seven  (7)  parts  river  or  bank 
gravel. 

(b)  UNIT  MEASURE  AND  WEIGHTS: 
The  unit  measure  for  proportions  shall 
be,  the  cubic  foot.  A  sack  containing 
ninety-four  (94)  pounds  net  of  cement, 
shall  be  deemed  to  be  one   (1)   cubic  foot. 

Four  (4)  such  sacks  of  cement  shall  be 
deemed  to  be  a  barrel  of  cement. 

The  fine  and  coarse  aggregates  shall  be 
measured  separately,  as  loosely  thrown 
into  the  measuring  receptacle,  and  shall 
be  used  in  such  relative  proportions  as 
will  insure  maximum   density. 

Plain  concrete  shall  be  deemed  to 
weigh  one  hundred  forty-four  (144) 
pounds  per  cubic  foot.  Reinforced  con- 
crete shall  be  deemed  to  weigh  one  hun- 
dred fifty  (150)   pounds  per  cubic  foot. 

(c)  MIXING:  \\Tienever  the  amount  of 
concrete  in  any  one  building  equals  or 
exceeds  one  hundred  (100)  cubic  yards, 
the  concrete  shall  be  mixed  in  a  "Batch 
Mixer."  If  the  amount  of  concrete  be 
under  one  hundred  (100)  cubic  yards,  It 
may  be  mixed  in  a  "Continuous  Mixer" 
or  it  may  be  mixed  by  hand,  in  which 
latter  case  it  shall  be  turned  over  at 
least  twice  dry  and  at  least  twice  during 
the  addition  of  water. 

If  for  any  reason  the  concrete  mixture 
separates,  it  shall  be  remixed  before  be- 
ing deposited.  No  concrete  shall  be  used 
after  it  has  acquired  its  initial  set. 

UNIT    STRESSES. 

Sec.  179  (a)  Concrete  construction 
shall  be  so  designed  that  the  following 
unit  working  stresses  shall  not  be  ex- 
ceeded. 

(b)      COMPRESSION: 
Grade  1   Concrete: 

Exti-eme  fibre  stress  vinder  flexture,  650 
lbs.   per  sq.   in. 

Extreme  fibre  stress  in  compression  at 
support  of  continuous  beams,  750  lbs. 
per  sq.   in. 

Axial  compression  (on  effective  area) 
in  columns  with  vertical  reinforcement 
and  horizontal  ties,  550  lbs.  per  sq.  in. 

Axial  compression   (on  effective  area)  in 
hooped    columns    with    vertical    reinforce- 
ment,   800  lbs.   per  sq.   in. 
Grade  2  Concrete: 

Grade  2  concrete  when  used  in  retain- 
ing walls  and  foundations,  shall  not  ex- 
ceed eighty  (809r)  per  cent  of  the  stresses 
provided  for  in  grade  1  concrete.  In 
direct  compression  three  hundred  fifty 
(350)  lbs.  per  square  inch. 
Grade  3  Concrete: 

Grade  3  concrete,  in  direct  compression, 
two-hundred -fifty  (250)  lbs.  per  square 
inch. 

(c)  SHEAR:  The  maximum  shearing; 
stress  in  a  section  shall  be  used  as  a 
means  of  measuring  the  resistance  to 
diagonal  tension  stress  and  the  following 
values  for  the  maximum  vertical  shear- 
ing stress  shall  be   used. 

(1)  For  beams  with  horizontal  bars 
only   and   without   web   reinforcement   the 


shearing  stress  shall  not  exceed  forty  (40) 
lbs.   per  sq.    in. 

(2)  For  beams  thoroughly  reinfoiced 
with  web  reinforcement  the  value  of  the 
shearing  stress  shall  not  exceed  one- 
hundred-twenty  (120)   lbs.  per  sq.   in. 

(3)  Wlhere  punching  shear  occurs,  i.  e., 
shearing  stress  uncombined  with  com- 
pression normal  to  the  shearing  surface 
and  with  all  tension  normal  to  the  .shear- 
ing plane  piovided  for  by  reinforcement; 
the  shearing  stress  shall  not  exceed  one- 
hundred-twenty  (120)  lbs.  per  sq.  in. 

When  reinforcement  is  used  to  increase 
the  unit  shear,  the  proportion  of  the 
unit  shear  taken  by  the  concrete  shall 
not  exceed  forty  (40)  lbs.  per  square  inch 
and  the  reinforcement  shall  be  sufficient 
to  take  the  remainder.  StiiTups  shall 
not  be  placed  further  apart  than  two- 
thirds  (2-3)  of  the  effective  depth  of  the 
beam  if  they  are  considered  as  adding 
to  the  shearing  resistance.  If  unattached 
stirrups  are  used  they  shall  pass  under 
the  main  reinforcing  bars.  There  shall 
be  sufficient  anchorage  in  the  compres- 
sion portion  of  the  beam  to  develop  the 
stirrups  without  exceeding  the  bond 
stresses  by  this  ordinance  provided.  If 
stirrups  are  attached  to  the  reinforcing 
bars  the  connection  must  be  sufficient 
to  develop  the  elastic  limit  of  the  steel 
without  causing  slipping  along  the  main 
bars.  For  beams  of  Tee  section  the  web 
of  the  beam  only  shall  be  assumed  to  be 
effective  for  resisting  shear. 

(d)  ADHESION: 

Bond  stress  for  plain  hard  grade  bars, 
sixty   (60)   lbs.   per  sq.  in. 

Bond  stress  for  plain  structural  steel 
grade  bars,  eighty   (80)   lbs.   per  sq.   in. 

Bond  stress  for  twisted  or  deformed 
bars,  one-hundi'ed-twenty  (120)  lbs.  per 
sq.   in. 

(e)  STEEL    IN    TENSION: 

(1)  BILLET-STEEL  CONCRETE  RE- 
INFORCEMENT BARS:  Structural  steel 
grade,  plain  or  deformed,  forty-five  (459^) 
per  cent  elastic  limit  but  not  to  exceed 
sixteen-thousand    (16,000)    lbs.    per   sq.    in. 

Cold  twisted,  forty-five  (45%)  per  cent 
elastic  limit,  but  not  to  exceed  eighteen- 
thousand    (18,000)    lbs.    per  sq.    in. 

Hard  grade  steel  plain  bars,  forty-five 
(45%)  per  cent  elastic  limit,  but  not  to 
exceed  sixteen-thousand  (16,000)  lbs.  per 
sq.  in. 

Hard  grade  steel  deforined  bars,  forty- 
five  (45%)  per  cent  elastic  limit,  but  not 
to  exceed  seventeen-thousand  (17,000)  lbs. 
per  sq.  in. 

(2)  RAIL-STEEL  CONCRETE  REIN- 
FORCEMENT BARS:  Plain,  hot-twisted 
or  deformed  bars,  forty  (40%)  per  cent 
elastic  limit,  but  not  to  exceed  fifteen 
thousand  (15,000)  lbs.  per  sq.  in. 

(3)  REROLLED  STEEL  CONCRETE 
REINFORCEMENT  BARS:  Plain,  hot- 
twisted  oi'  deformed,  forty  (40%)  per  cent 
elastic  limit,  but  not  to  exceed  fourteen- 
thousand   (14,000)  lbs.  per  sc^.  in. 

Cold  twisted,  forty  (40%)  per  cent  elas- 
tic limit,  but  not  to  exceed  sixteen-thou- 
sand (16,000)   lbs.  per  sq.  in. 

(4)  IRON  CONCRETE  REINFORCE- 
MENT BARS:  Wrought-iTon  may  be 
used  in  lieu  of  steel  for  concrete  rein- 
forcement, providing  its  unit  stress  does 
not  exceed  forty-five  (45%)  per  cent  of 
its  elastic  limit  or  fourteen-thousand 
(14,000)   lbs.  per  sq.   in. 

(5)  STEEL       WIRE:         "Cold      drawn 


S'rade,"    "annealed    grade,"    sixteen    thou- 
sand   (16,000)    lbs.   per   sq.   in. 

"Intermediate  grade,"  fourteen  thou- 
sand  (14,000)  lbs.  per  sq.   in. 

(f)  STEEL  IN  COMPRESSION:  The 
coinpressive  stress  in  the  steel  shall  not 
exceed  fifteen  (15)  times  the  compressive 
sti'ess  of  the  encasing  concrete. 

(g)  STEEL  IN  SHEAR:  The  shearing 
stiess  of  the  reinforcing  steel  shall  not 
be  considei-ed  in  the  design  of  Reinforced 
Concrete    Construction. 

DESIGN. 
Sec.  180.  (a)  Reinforced  concrete  con- 
struction shall  be  so  designed  that  the 
resultant  stresses,  (either  single  or  com- 
bined) in  the  concrete  and  in  the  steel 
shall  not  exceed  the  unit  stresses  in  this 
ordinance  provided. 

(b)  All  reinforcing  steel  shall  be  com- 
pletely encased  by  the  concrete.  The 
steel  in  columns  shall  be  spaced  so  as  to 
be  not  less  than  one  and  one-half  (IV^) 
inches  from  the  exterior  surface.  The 
steel  in  slabs,  beams  and  girders  shall  be 
placed  so  that  the  depth  of  the  concrete 
below  the  center  of  the  lower  layer  of 
steel  be  not  less  than  one-tenth  (1-10) 
of  the  depth  of  such  slab,  beam  or  girder, 
but  in  no  case  shall  the  depth  of  the  con- 
crete below  the  reinforcing  steel  be  less 
than  the  diameter  of  the  reinforcing  steel 
and  not  less  than  one-half  (i/4)  inch,  but 
need  not  be  more  than  four  (4)  inches. 
The  lateral  spacing  of  parallel  bars  shall 
be  not  less  than  two  and  one-half  (2V^) 
diameters  from  center  to  center  nor  shall 
the  distance  from  the  side  of  the  beam 
or  girder  to  the  center  of  the  nearest 
bar  be  less  than  one  and  one-half  (l^/^) 
diameters.  The  clear  spacing  between 
layers  of  bars  shall  be  not  less  than  the 
diameter  of  the  bars,  or  the  bars  may  be 
staggered  and  if  so  placed,  shall  be  not 
less  than  two  and  one-half  (2i/^)  times 
the  diameter  of  the  bars  center  to  center. 
Reinforcing  steel  in  footings  shall  be  en- 
cased bv  not  less  than  three  (3)  inches 
of  concrete. 

(c)  ASSUMPTION  FOR  DESIGN:  The 
following  assumptions  shall  form  the 
basis   of   design: 

(1)  That  there  is  no  initial  stress  in 
either  the  steel  or  the  concrete. 

(2)  That  the  bond  between  the  con- 
crete and  steel  is  assumed  to  be  sufficient 
to  cause  the  two  (2)  materials  to  act  to- 
gether as  a  unit. 

(3)  That  the  tensile  stress  in  concrete 
is   not  to   be  considered. 

(4)  That  the  moduli  of  elasticity  of 
concrete  and  steel  remain  constant  with- 
in the  limit  of  their  respective  unit  work- 
ing stresses. 

(5)  That  the  ratio  of  the  moduli  of 
elasticity  of  concrete  and  steel  shall  be 
taken  as  one  (1)  to  fifteen   (I.t). 

(6)  That  the  steel  in  compression  and 
the  concrete  immediately  .surrounding  it 
are  stre.^sed  in  pi'opoition  to  the  moduli 
of  elasticity. 

(d)  MEMBERS  SUBJECT  TO  BEND- 
ING: 

(1)  The  straight  line  formula  shall  be 
used  in  the  design  of  reinforced  concrete 
construction. 

(2)  The  stress  in  any  fibre  is  directly 
proportionate  to  the  distance  of  that  fibre 
from    the    neutral    axis. 

(3)  The  moment  of  resistance  of  any 
structural    member    shall    be    determined 


by    u.«ing    the    unit    stresses    elsewhere    in 
this  oidinance   provided. 

(4)  In  case  the  moment  of  resistance 
of  a  structural  member,  as  determined 
by  the  unit  stresses  herein  provided,  (in- 
cluding all  the  allowable  area  of  con- 
crete in  compression),  is  not  equivalent 
to  the  bending  moment  on  that  membei-, 
additional  .steel  may  be  introduced — eith- 
er in  tension  or  compression  or  both — to 
meet  the  deficiency,  provided,  however, 
that  in  no  ca.«e  shall  the  area  of  the 
steel  in  compression  exceed  the  area  of 
the  steel  in  tension,  and  that  in  all  cases 
the  steel  in  compression  shall  be  secureh' 
tied  to  the  steel  in  tension  as  provided 
for  in  vertically  reinforced  concrete  col- 
umns. 

(5)  All  structural  members  subject  to 
bending  shall  be  reinforced  for  both  posi- 
tive and  negative  bending  moments. 

(6)  All  reinforcement  must  be  of  suf- 
ficient length  to  develop  the  calculated 
stress  in  the  steel  at  any  point  by  its 
bond   with   the   encasing   concrete. 

(7)  All  structural  members  subject  to 
bending  shall  be  reinforced  for  .shear 
when  necessary  in  accordance  with  the 
unit  stresses  elsewhere  in  this  ordinance 
provided. 

(8)  Shear  shall  be  computed  on  the 
right  cross  section  of  a  structural  mem- 
ber, and  no  shear  shall  be  allowed  upon 
any   flange   thereof. 

(e)      GIRDERS    AND    BEAMS: 

(1)  Girders  and  beams  under  uniform- 
ly distributed  loads  shall  be  designed  to 
resist  positive  and  negative  bending  mo- 
ments   not   less    than    those    given    below: 

W  equal  total  live  and  dead  load  on 
member. 

L.  equal  the  span  between  centers  of 
supports,  or  may  be  taken  not  less  than 
the  cleai-  span  plus  the  depth  of  the  beam 
or  girder.  Brackets  or  corbels  shall  not 
be  considered  as  reducing   the  clear  span. 

M  equal  total   bending  moment. 

Simply  supported  and  single  spans — M 
at  center  of  span  equal  WL,/8. 

Continuous  for  two  span.s — M  at  center 
of  span  equal  WL/10:  :\I  over  center  sup- 
port equal  WIv/S. 

Continuous  for  three  or  more  span.<» — 
jVI  at  center  of  end  spans  equal  VVL./10: 
M  at  center  of  intermediate  spans  equal 
WL/12;  M  over  all  intermediate  supports 
equal  WL/12. 

All  end  spans  must  be  reinforced  for 
a  negative  bending  moment  at  end  sup- 
port of  at  least  ^^"L/20. 

Provided  that  in  continuous  girders  and 
beams  where  the  ratio  of  length  of  ad- 
jacent spans  is  greater  than  3:2,  the  mo- 
ment at  center  of  span  and  over  support 
shall  be  taken  as  WL/10  and  the  span.« 
shall  be  reinforced  for  negative  bending 
moment  if  neces.sarj-. 

(2)  Girders  and  beajiis  under  concen- 
trated loads,  shall  bi'  designed  for  actual 
moments. 

(3)  No  girder  oi-  beam  shall  project 
moi'e  than  three  (3)  inches  on  either  side 
beyond  the  supporting  column,  reinforced 
concrete    column   cap.    or   bracket. 

(4)  TEE'  BEAMS:  When  the  thick- 
ness of  the  slab  is  at  least  one-seventh 
(1-7)  of  the  total  depth  of  the  beam  or 
girdei'.  the  beam  and -a  portion  of  the 
slab  may  be  designed  as  a  Tee  beam.  In 
Tee  beams,  the  width  of  the  flange  on 
each  side  measured  outside  the  web  of 
the  beam,   shall  not  e.xceed  four  (ti   times 


92 


the  thickness  of  the  sUib,  iu>r  be  greater 
than  one-half  (I/2)  of  the  clear  span  of 
the  slab,  and  the  total  width  of  the  Tee 
head  shall  not  exceed  one-flfth  (1-5)  of 
the  span  of  the  beam  measured  from 
center  to  center  of  supports. 

(5)  When  concrete  beams  and  floor 
slabs  are  cast  as  a  unit  and  where  the 
thickness  of  the  slab  is  less  than  one- 
seventh  (1-7)  of  the  total  depth  of  the 
beam,  the  beam  shall  be  designed  as  a 
rectangular  section  except  that  that  por- 
tion of  the  floor  slab  usually  figured  as 
the  flanges  of  a  Tee  beam  may  be  used 
in  coinpression. 

(f)  TILE  AND  OTHER  FILLERS:  Con- 
crete members  of  floor  construction  In 
Avhich  hollow  tile,  concrete  blocks  or  other 
similar  fillers  are  used,  shall  be  designed 
in  accordance  with  the  provisions  of  this 
ordinance,  provided,  that  when  the  slab 
portion  on  top  of  such  Aliens  acts  in 
flexture  in  combination  with  the  beam 
such  slab  shall  be  not  less  than  two  (2) 
inches  in  thickness  and  in  no  case  shall 
the  clear  distance  between  the  beams  for 
such  construction  exceed  sixteen  (16) 
inches. 

Floor  and  roof  slabs  shall  be  not  less 
than  three  (3)  inches  in  total  thickness, 
for  clear  spans  in  excess  of  thirty  (30) 
Inches,  and  not  less  than  two  and  three- 
quarters  (2%)  inches  for  clear  spans  less 
than  thirty  (30)  inches.  Provided,  where 
the  live  load  is  less  than  eighty  (80) 
pounds  per  square  foot  such  minimum 
thicknessi  may  be  two  and  one-half  (2^/^) 
inches  for  clear  spans  of  thirty  (30) 
inches   or   less. 

Exposed  metal  centering,  or  exposed 
metal  of  any  kind,  will  not  be  considered 
as  a  factor  in  the  strength  of  any  part 
of  any  concrete  structure.  For  the  pur- 
poses of  thi.s  paragraph,  metal  centering, 
metal  plans  or  fojms,  having  a  plaster  or 
cement  finish  applied  on,  ovei-,  or  in  any 
manner  inclosing  same,  shall  be  deemed 
to  be  exposed  metal. 

(g)  SLABS:  All  slabs,  whose  ratio  of 
length  to  breadth  is  greater  than  3:2  shall 
be  designed  with   one-wav  reinforcement. 

(1)  ONE-WAY  REINFORCEMENT:  All 
slabs  with  one-way  reinforcement  shall 
have  distributing  bars  not  less  than  one- 
fourth  (1^)  inches  round,  eighteen  (18) 
inches  on  center.s,  shall  be  designed  to  re- 
sist positive  and  negative  bending  mo- 
iTients  not  less  than  those  given  below: 

W  equal  total  live  and  dead  load  on 
slab. 

Ij  equal  the  .'-pan  between  center  of 
supports,  or  may  be  taken  not  less  than 
the  clear  span  plus  three  (3)  times  the 
depth  of  the  slab.  Brackets  or  corbels 
shall  not  be  considered  as  reducing  the 
clear  span. 

M  equal  total  bending  moment. 

Simply  supported  and  single  spans,  M 
at  center  of  span  equal  WL/8. 

Continuous  for  two  (2)  spans — M  at 
center  of  span  equal  WL/10;  M  over  all 
supports    equal   AVIVIO. 

Continuous  for  three  (3)  or  more  span.s 
— M  at  center  of  end  spans  equal  WL/lo. 
M  at  center  of  intermediate  spans  equal 
MTL./12;  M  over  end  supports  equal 
WL/IO;  M  over  all  intermediate  supports 
equal  Wa:^/12. 

(2)  TWO-WAY  REINFORCEMENT: 
Square  and  rectangular  .slabs  with  two- 
way  reinforcement  under  uniformly  dis- 
ti'ibuted    loads    .'^hall    be    designed    for    the 


same  bending  moinents  in  each  direction 
at  the  center  of  spans  and  over  supports 
as  specified  for  one-way  reinforcement, 
whether  siinply  supported,  continuous 
over  two  (2)  spans,  or  continuous  over 
three  (3)   or  more  spans. 

For  rectangular  slabs,  the  distribution 
of  loads  in  the  two  (2)  directions  shall 
be  inveisely  as  the  fourth  power  of  their 
two  (2)  dimensions.  All  two-way  lein- 
forcements  shall  be  placed  at  right  angles 
to  girders  and  beams  supporting  the  slab. 

(3)  EXPANDED  METAL  REINFORCE- 
MENT: Roof  slabs  supported  by  ma- 
sonry or  steel  construction  may  be  rein- 
forced with  an  expanded  metal  reinforce- 
ment of  not  less  than  Number  24  gauge, 
in  lieu  of  steel  bars.  All  such  metal  re- 
inforcement shall  be  painted  with  or  dip- 
ped in  an  efficient  preservative.  The 
tensile  properties  and  unit  working  stress 
of  expanded  metal  reinforcement  shall  be 
as  in  this  ordinance  provided  for  plain 
bars  of  structural  steel  grade  Billet  steel. 

All  such  slabs  whether  continuous  or 
not  shall  be  considered  as  single  spans, 
simply  supported  and  for  uniformly  dis- 
tributed loads  shall  be  designed  to  resist 
a  positive  moment  at  the  center  of  span 
of  M  equal  "WX/S. 

The  end  .splices  of  the  reinforcing  metal 
shall  occur  only  at  the  support  and  the 
sheets  of  the  reinforcing  metal  shall  over- 
lap the  center  of  support  not  less  than 
three  (3")  inches.  All  such  sheets  of  re- 
inforcing metal  shall  be  securely  fastened 
together  eveiy  two  (2')  feet  along  the 
sides  and  at  every  rib  at  the  ends  with 
No.  14  tie  wire  or  by  clinching  of  the 
lapped  ribs.  All  such  .sheets  of  reinforc- 
ing metal  .shall  be  rigidly  attached  tc-' 
supporting  members  and  in  the  event 
such  supporting  members  are  steel,  at- 
tachment shall  be  made  by  special  clips 
or  by  No.  14  tie  wire,  such  clips  or  tie 
wire  to  be  spaced  not  more  than  seven 
(7")  inches  apart.  During  the  construc- 
tion, planking  and  runs  shall  be  provided 
so  that  the  weight  of  workmen  and  ma- 
terial will  not  be  carried  by  the  reinforc- 
ing metal. 

The  slab  shall  consist  of  two  coats: 
One  coat  to  be  Grade  1  concrete  mix- 
ture, at  least  two  and  one-half  (214") 
inches  thick,  applied  on  top  of  the  rein- 
forcing metal;  and  the  other  coat  to  be  a 
mixture  of  one  part  Portland  cement 
gauged  with  one-tenth  (1-10)  of  its  vol- 
ume of  lime  and  two  and  one-half  (2i^) 
parts  of  clean  sand  (to  which  mixture 
there  shall  be  added  a  small  amount  of 
hair  to  assist  adhesion),  at  least  threc- 
quartei's  (%")  inch  thick,  applied  on  the 
under  side  of  the  reinforcing  metal. 
(h)      COLUMNS: 

(1)  All  concrete  columns  shall  have 
vertical  reinforcing  steel. 

(2)  No  concrete  column  shall  be  re- 
inforced with  less  than  four  (4)  three- 
quarter  (%)  roimd  bars  or  four  (4)  five- 
eighths   (%)   inch  square  bars. 

(3)  The  effective  area  or  section  of  a 
reinforced  concrete  column  is  that  por- 
tion of  the  area  of  the  column  within  the 
wrapping  of  the  longitudinal  steel:  the 
area  of  the  concrete  outside  of  the  verti- 
cal steel  shall  be  considered  as  fire  pro- 
tection only. 

(4)  The  latest  diinension  of  effective 
area  of  columns  supporting  floor  and  roof 
loads  shall  be  seven   (7)   inches. 

(5)  All  columns  eccentrically  loaded  or 


93 


columns  with  structural  caps,  braces,  or 
"brackets  or  columns  carrying  girders  or 
beams  with  clear  spans  of  thirty  (30)  feet 
or  more  shall  be  designed  for  flexure  due 
to  such  loading  in  addition  to  the  vertical 
load. 

(6)  When  the  vertical  steel  in  columns 
is  not  continuous,  the  load  carried  by  the 
steel  shall  be  transferred  at  any  joint  in 
the  bars  either  by  lapping  of  the  steel  or 
by  dowels  or  splice  bars  of  equivalent 
area.  The  laps,  dowels  or  splice  bars 
shall  be  of  sufficient  length  to  transfer 
the  load  of  the  upper  steel.  No  dower 
or  splice  bar  shall  be  of  less  area  than  is 
"herein  provided  for  column  reinforce- 
ment. In  lieu  of  the  above  method  of 
transferring  the  stress  in  the  vertical 
steel,  tight  fitting  pipe  sleeves  may  be 
used  in  which  case  the  ends  of  the  verti- 
cal steel  shall  be  milled.  In  all  cases 
splices  shall  occur  at  or  near  floor  levels 
or  points  of  lateral  support. 

(7)  The  vertical  steel  of  columns  shall 
extend  into  either  footings  or  other  sup- 
ports far  enough  to  develop  the  stress  in 
the  steel  through  adhesion  as  in  this  or- 
dinance allowed  for  unit  bond  stress  or 
the  load  in  the  steel  may  be  transferred 
by  dowels  as  elsewhere  in  this  ordinance 
provided. 

(8)  Columns  whose  unsupported  length 
does  not  exceed  fifteen  (15)  times  the 
least  dimension  of  effective  section  shall 
be  designed  according  to  unit  stresses 
elsewhere    in    this    ordinance   allowed. 

(9)  Columns  whose  unsupported  length 
does  exceed  fifteen  (1.5)  times  the  least 
dimension  of  effective  section  shall  be  de- 
signed for  working  stresses  given  by  the 
following  reduction  formula: 

L  equal  unsupported  length. 

D  equal  minimum  dimension  of  effec- 
tive section. 

P  equal  permissible  working  stress  in 
columns  with  1/d  less  than  15. 

1"  equal  P  (1.6— l/25d). 

P  equal  permissible  working  stress 
when  1/d  is  less  than  30  and  greater  than 
15. 

Xo  reinforced  concrete  columns  shall 
be  used  whose  unsupported  length  ex- 
ceeds thirty  (30)  times  the  least  dimen- 
sion of  effective  section. 

(10)  Columns  with  longitudinal  rein- 
forcement only  shall  contain  steel  of  not 
less  than  one  (1%)  per  cent  nor  more 
than  five  (5%)  per  cent  of  the  effective 
area.  The  reinforcement  shall  be  thor- 
oughly tied  at  intervals  not  greater  than 
the  least  dimension  of  the  effective  sec- 
tion; nor  greater  than  fifteen  (15)  times 
the  least  dimension  of  the  reinfoi'cement 
used.  Column  ties  shall  be  not  less  than 
three-sixteenths  (3-16)  of  an  inch  in  dia- 
meter for  vertical  steel  of  less  than  one 
(1)  inch  in  least  dimension.  Column  ties 
for  longitudinal  reinforcement  of  one  (1) 
inch  and  larger  shall  be  not  loss  than 
one-quarter  (V^)  of  an  inch  in  diameter. 
Circular  bands  or  spirals  of  equivalent 
dimensions  and  facings  may  be  used  in 
lieu  of  column  ties. 

(11)  Hooped  or  banded  columns  having 
longitudinal  reinforcement  surrounded  by 
circular  spirals  or  bands,  or  columns  with 
vertical  reinforcement,  spirally  wrapped, 
(the  steel  being  arranged  to  form  a  cir- 
cular core)  shall  contain  reinfoicement  in 
the  form  of  spirals  or  bands  not  less  than 
one-half  (%)  of  one  (1%)  per  cent  of  the 
effective    area.        The    spirals    and    bands 


shall  be  so  spaced  and  be  of  such  section 
as  will  develop  the  strength  of  the  con- 
crete. This  spacing  shall  not  exceed  three 
(3)    inches. 

Steel  wire  used  for  hooped  columns, 
shall  be  either  "Cold  drawn  grade"  or 
"Annealed  grade,"  provided,  however, 
that  "Intermediate  grade"  may  be  used 
in  lieu  of  the  cold  drawn  or  annealed,  if 
such  reinforcement  be  not  less  than 
three-fourths  (%)  of  one  per  cent  of  the 
effective  area,  or  if  the  concrete  for  such 
columns  be  a  mixture  of  one  part  cement, 
two  (2)  parts  sand  and  three  (3)  parts 
crushed   rock  or  screened   gravel. 

(12)  Longitudinal  reinforcement  in 
hooped  or  banded  columns  shall  be  not 
less  than  six  (6)  bars,  symmetrically  ar- 
ranged about  the  axis  of  the  column  and 
of  area  not  less  than  one  (1%)  per  cent 
nor  more  than  seven  and  one-half  HVzVo) 
per  cent  of  effective  section.  Column 
with  core  of  diameter  of  sixteen  (16) 
inches  or  more  shall  have  not  less  than 
eight  (8)  bars  nor  shall  any  bar  be 
spaced  more  than  eight  (8)  inches  apart 
along  the  circumference  of  bands  or  spir- 
als. 

WALLS. 

Sec.  181.  (a)  Bearing  w'alls  of  brick, 
stone  or  concrete  in  buildings  having  re- 
inforced concrete  columns,  girders,  beams 
or  floor  slabs,  shall  be  of  the  same  thick- 
ness as  brick  walls  as  in  this  ordinance 
provided. 

(b)  Exterior  walls  in  a  reinforced  con- 
crete building  of  skeleton  construction, 
which  are  built  as  filler  walls  and  carried 
solely  upon  girders,  may  be  built  of 
brick,  stone,  or  plain  concrete  and  shall 
be  not  less  than  twelve  (12)  inches  thick 
— or  filler  walls  may  be  built  of  reinforced 
concrete,  and  shall  be  not  less  than  eight 
(8)  inches  thick  and  they  shall  have  ver- 
tical and  horizontal  steel  reinforcement 
on  both  sides  not  less  than  one  (1)  inch 
from  the  surface,  capable  of  resisting  an 
inward  or  an  outward  pressure  of  thirty 
(30)  povinds  per  square  foot  of  area.  In 
no  case  shall  the  reinforcing  steel  be  less 
than  six  one-hundredths  (6-100)  square 
inch  per  lineal  foot  in  each  direction. 
FORMS. 

Sec.  182.  (a)  Forms  and  centering  for 
concrete  work  shall  be  amply  strong  and 
well  braced  so  as  not  to  deform,  and  all 
shoring  or  props  shall  be  sufficiently 
strong  and  rigid  to  prevent  any  undue 
jarring   of  concrete  while   setting. 

(b)  All  forms  must  be  so  built  as  to 
allow  thorough  cleaning  before  concrete 
is  deposited. 

(c)  Columns  and  walls  shall  not  be 
stripped  in  less  than  five  (5)  days;  floor 
slabs,  in  not  less  than  seven  (7)  days; 
and  beams  and  girders  in  not  less  than 
fifteen  (15)  days;  but  in  no  case  shall  the 
forms  or  centering  be  removed  until  the 
concrete  is  capable  of  sustaining  its  own 
load   and   the  added   load   of  construction. 

LOAD  TESTS. 
Sec.  183.  (a)  Load  tests  shall  be  made 
by  the  owner  or  contractor  on  any  por- 
tion of  any  reinforced  concrete  building 
or  structure  in  the  course  of  erection  or 
alteration  that  may  be  designated  by  the 
Board  of  Public  Works.  Such  load  test 
must  be  made  within  ten  (10)  days  from 
date  of  notice  so  to  do,  but  in  no  case 
shall  the  test  be  required  by  the  Board  of 
Public  "Works  until  the  concrete  (to  be 
tested)   is  at  least  thirty  (30)  days  old. 


94 


(b)  Such  portion  of  the  building  or 
structure  being  tested  shall  sustain  with- 
out sign  of  failure  twice  the  live  load  for 
which  it  is  designated. 

Sec.  188.  Hollow  Terra  Cotta  Tile 
Blocks.  Hollow  terra  cotta  tile  blocks 
shall  not  be  used  for  exterior  or  interior 
walls  within  Fire  Districts  Numbers  1,  2, 
and  3,  except  as  provided  in  this  ordi- 
nance, and  as  a  facing  or  veneer  for  brick 
work  or  masonry  walls  of  standard  thick- 
ness. Hollow  terra  cotta  tile  blocks  may- 
be used  for  the  exterior  walls  of  build- 
ings not  more  than  two  stories  in  height 
in  any  portion  of  the  City  of  Los  Angeles 
outside  of  the  said  Fire  Districts  Num- 
bers 1,  2,  and  3  where  the  walls  of  such 
building,  in  which  hollow  terra  cotta  tile 
blocks  are  used,  are  of  the  same  thick- 
ness as  required  for  masonry  walls  under 
the  same  conditions,  and  all  hollow  terra 
cotta  tile  blocks  so  used,  or  otherwise 
used  shall  be  laid  up  in  cement  mortar. 

All  hollow  terra  cotta  tile  blocks  used 
in  the  construction  of  any  building  shall 
conform  to  the  following  requirements: 

All  tile  used  for  structural  purposes  in 
buildings,  shall  be  well  manufactured  free 
from  checks  and  cracks.  Each  piece  shall 
be  molded  square  and  true  and  shall  be 
hard-burned  and  shall  have  a  good  clear 
ring.  The  tile  block  shall  develop  an 
ultimate  cru.shing  strength  when  burned, 
of  not  less  than  3000  pounds  per  square 
inch.  All  computations  as  to  thickness 
and  strength  of  the  walls  of  the  tile  shall 
be  based  upon  a  working  strength  of  one- 
sixth  the  ultimate,  equivalent  to  Ave  hun- 
dred pounds  per  square  inch. 

Whenever  the  Board  of  Public  Works 
shall  deem  it  necessary  the  owner  or  con- 
tractor shall  make  a  test  to  ascertain  the 
strength  of  any  such  tile  used  in  the  con- 
struction  of  a  building  or   structure. 

Sec.  190.  CONCRETE  FOR  FOUNDA- 
TIONS: The  mixture  for  concrete  for 
plain  or  non-reinforced  concrete  founda- 
tions shall  consist  of  the  proportions  of 
cement  and  aggregate  as  set  forth  by 
Section  178  of  this  ordinance  for  grade 
one,  grade  two  or  grade  three  concrete. 

Sec.  191.  Alteration  of  Existing  Build- 
ings. It  shall  be  unlawful  for  any  per- 
son, firm  or  corporation  to  enlarge,  alter, 
raise,  build  upon  or  move  any  frame  or 
wooden  building  fiom  one  place  to  an- 
other within  Fire  Districts  Numbers  1,  2 
and  3,  or  from  a  place  without  such  Fire 
Districts  Numbers  1,  2  and  3  to  a  place 
within  such  Fire  Districts  Numbers  1,  2, 
and  3,  provided,  however,  that  when  any 
part  of  any  existing  building  within  such 
Fire  Districts  Numbers  1,  2  and  3  is 
taken  for  the  public  use  by  condemnation, 
for  street  or  other  purposes,  it  shall  be 
lawful  to  repair  the  remaining  portion  of 
such  building  with  the  same  material  or 
materials,  of  the  same  or  similar  kind  as 
those  of  which  the  remaining  portion  of 
such  building  is  constructed;  or  if  there 
is  sufficient  ground  in  the  saine  lot  or 
premises  upon  which  such  building  exists, 
such  building  may  be  moved  as  far  as 
may  be  necessary  to  clear  that  portion  of 
the  lot  or  premises  taken  for  such  public 
use;  and  if  there  is  not  sufficient  ground 
for  such  purposes  such  building  may  be 
moved  elsewhere  outside  of  Fire  Districts 
Numbers  1,  2,  3  and  4,  and  provided  fur- 
ther, that  when  any  existing  wooden 
building  within  such  Fire  Districts  Num- 
bers 1,    2  and   3   is  altered   or  repaired  as 


to  the  street  front  or  as  to  the  interior 
or  such  building  only,  it  shall  be  lawful 
to  make  such  alterations  or  repairs  to  the 
satisfaction  of  and  under  the  supervision 
of  the  Board  of  Pubhc  Works,  with  ma- 
terials of  the  same  kind  as  those  of 
which  the  remaining  portion  of  such 
building   is   constructed. 

Sec.  192.  Buildings  or  Structures  Dam- 
aged 40%.  It  shall  be  unlawful  for  any 
person,  firm  or  corporation  to  repair  any 
frame  or  wooden  building  within  Fire 
Districts  Numbers  1,  2  and  3  of  the  City 
of  I^os  Angeles,  that  has  been  injured 
more  than  forty  per  cent  of  its  actual 
value  by  wear  and  tear,  or  by  the  action 
of  the  elements,  or  by  fire.  Whenever 
it  shall  be  brought  to  the  attention  of 
the  Board  of  Public  Works  that  any  such 
building  is  injured  more  than  forty  per 
cent  of  its  actual  value  by  wear  and 
tear,  or  by  the  action  of  the  elements,  or 
by  fire,  said  Board  shall  notify  the  owner, 
person  in  charge,  lessee,  or  occupant 
thereof,  in  writing,  of  such  fact  and  shall 
require  such  owner,  person  in  charge, 
lessee  or  occupant  of  such  building  to 
demolish  such  building,  or  remove  the 
same  outside  of  Fire  Districts  Numbers 
1,  2,  3  and  4,  within  such  time,  not  less 
than  ten  days,  as  may  be  fixed  by  the 
said    Board   and   specified    in    such  notice. 

It  shall  be  unlawful  for  any  person, 
firm  or  corporation  to  repair  or  recon- 
struct any  wooden  roof  of  any  building 
within  Fire  Districts  Numbers  1,  2  and  3, 
except  in  accordance  with  the  provisions 
of  this  ordinance  for  the  construction  of 
new  roofs  within  such  Fire  Districts 
Numbers  1,   2  and  3. 

Sec.  193.  Buildings  Dangerous  or  Un- 
safe. AVhenever  any  structure  or  any 
part  thereof  is  dargtrous  to  pensons  or 
property,  or  is  unsafe  for  the  purpose  for 
which  it  is  used,  or  is  in  danger  of  fire 
from  any  defect  in  its  construction.  f>^ 
the  doors,  passageways  or  starways  of 
any  structure  are  insufficient  for  the  es- 
cape of  the  occupants  in  case  of  fire,  the 
Board  of  Public  Works  shall  notify  the 
owner,  person  in  charge  or  occupant 
thereof,  in  writing,  requiring  .such  owner, 
person  m  charge  or  occupant  forthwith 
to  remove,  demolish  or  repair  the  same, 
or  to  make  such  alterations  therein  as 
may  be  necessary  to  make  such  structure 
conform  to  the  ordinances  of  the  City  of 
Los  Angeles,  and  the  person  receiving 
such  notice  shall,  within  forty-eight  hours 
thereafter,  commence  the  work  required 
by  said  notice  to  be  done,  and  shall  dili- 
gently prosecute  the  same  to  completion. 

It  shall  be  unlawful  for  any  person, 
firm  or  corporation  to  use  or  to  permit 
the  use  of  any  such  structure  or  part 
thereof,  described  in  said  notice,  unless 
such  structure  shall  have  been  made  to 
conform  to  the  ordinances  of  said  city; 
provided,  however,  that  if  such  structure 
.shall  be  a  reviewing  stand,  heretofore 
constructed,  and  any  part  thereof  shall 
be  dangerous  to  persons  or  property,  or 
unsafe  for  the  purpose  for  which  it  is 
used,  the  same  shall  be  so  repaired  as, 
upon  the  completion  of  such  repairs,  to 
be  capable  of  sustaining  a  weight  of  one 
hundred  pounds  for  each  square  foot  of 
its  seating  and  standing  surface;  and  be- 
fore such  reviewing  stand  so  repaired  is 
used,  the  owner,  lessee  or  person  in 
charge   thereof,   shall  make   such   tests  of 


95 


the   strength   thereof   as   said    Hoard    shall 
prescribe. 

Sec.  194.  Arbitration.  Appeal  may  be 
taken  from  the  order  of  the  Board  of 
Public  Works  under  Sections  192  and  193, 
as  follows:  Such  appeal  must  be  taken 
within  five  days  after  the  service  of  the 
notice  from  the  Board  of  Public  Works 
provided  to  be  given  to  the  owner,  person 
in  charge  or  occupant  of  the  building  or 
structure  as  provided  in  Sections  192  and 
193  hereof,  by  filing  with  said  Board  a 
request  in  wilting  for  arbitration,  which 
shall  state  the  subject  of  the  proposed 
•ubitration  and  the  name  of  the  person 
who  is  to  represent  the  appellant  as  ar- 
bitrator. The  Board  of  Public  Works 
shall  thereupon  furnish  to  the  appellant 
a  statement  of  the  cost  of  such  arbitra- 
tion, and  such  appellant  shall  within 
twenty-foui'  hours  from  the  time  of  filing 
the  original  request  for  arbitration  de- 
posit with  the  Board  of  Public  ^^1orks  the 
sum  of  inoney  required  for  defraying  the 
expenses  of  the  same,  which  sum  shall  in 
each  case  be  fixed  by  said  Board  of  Pub- 
lic Works  in  proportion  to  the  difficulty 
and  importance  of  the  case,  but  shall  in 
no  case  be  more  than  the  cost  of  similar 
service  in  the  course  of  ordinary  business. 
As  soon  as  such  sum  of  money  shall  have 
been  deposited  with  the  Board  of  Public 
AVorks  they  shall  appoint  an  arbitrator  to 
represent  the  city,  and  the  two  arbitrat- 
ors thus  appointed  shall  select  a  third 
arbitrator.  Arbitrators  shall  be  compe- 
tent builders,  architects  or  engineers  who 
shall,  after  investigating  the  facts,  make 
a  decision.  A  majority  report  from  the 
arbitrators  shall  be  final  and  binding  up- 
on the  appellant  as  well  as  upon  the  city, 
and  shall  be  rendered  in  writing  to  the 
Board  of  Public  Works  and  to  the  appel- 
lant. The  fee  deposited  by  the  appellant 
with  the  Board  of  Public  Works  shall  be 
paid  to  the  arbitrators  upon  the  rendering 
of  their  decision  and  shall  be  in  full  for 
all   costs  incident  to  the  arbitration. 

AMienever  the  order  of  the  Board  of 
I'ublic  Works  upon  the  safety  of  any 
building,  or  any  part  thereof,  is  made  in 
a  case  so  urgent  that  failure  to  promptly 
carry  out  orders  to  demolish  or  strength- 
en such  building  or  part  thereof  may  en- 
danger life  or  limb,  the  order  of  the 
Board  of  Public  Works  shall  be  final 
without  recourse  to  arbitration. 

Sec.  195.  Power  to  Stop  Work.  When- 
ever it  shall  be.  biougb.t  to  the  attention 
of  the  Board  of  Public  Works  that  any 
building  is  being  constructed,  altered,  re- 
paired, raised,  built  upon,  moved,  or  de- 
molished contrary  to  or  in  violation  to  the 
provisions  of  this  ordinance,  the  said 
Board  shall  have  power  and  is  hereby 
authorized  to  revoke  the  permit  for  such 
work  and  to  order  the  construction,  al- 
teration, repair,  raising,  building  upon, 
moving  or  demolition  of  .such  building  to 
be  stopped,  and  to  notify  in  writing  any 
person  in  any  manner  engaged  in  or  caus- 
ing any  such  work  to  be  done,  to  forth- 
with desist  therefrom:  and  it  shall  be  un- 
lawful for  any  person  to  continue  or  fur- 
ther prosecute,  or  to  cause  the  continu- 
ance or  further  prosecution  of  any  such 
work  in  any  manner  after  service  of  such 
notice,  unless  a  new  permit  therefor  shall 
be  granted  by  the  said  Board  of  Public 
Works  pursuant  to  the  provisions  of  this 
ordinance. 

Sec.    196.         Interference    with    Board    of 


Public  Works.  It  shall  bt-  unlawful  for 
any  person,  firm  or  corporation,  in  any 
way  to  hinder  or  prevent  the  Board  of 
Public  Works  or  any  of  its  deputies,  or 
inspectors,  oi'  any  other  duly  authorized 
officers,  from  entering  or  inspecting,  dui- 
ing  business  hours,  any  building  already 
erected,  or  any  building  in  course  of  con- 
struction, alteration,  repair,  removal  or 
demolition;  provided  that  no  such  deputy, 
inspector  or  officer  shall  be  authorized  lo 
enter  any  dwelling  house  after  the  same 
is  occupied  without  the  consent  of  the  oc- 
cupant thereof. 

Sec.  197.  In  buildings  of  Class  "A"  con- 
struction every  basement,  sub-basement 
or  cellar  or  portion  thereof  used,  or  in- 
tended to  be  used  for  the  exhibition  or 
goods,  wares  or  mei'chandise,  or  used,  or 
intended  to  be  used  for  the  sale  of  goods, 
wares  or  merchandise  at  retail,  shall  be 
provided  with  the  number  of  stairways 
computed  upon  the  flooi-  area  of  such 
basement,  sub-basement  or  cellar,  or  por- 
tion thereof  so  used  as  above  provided, 
and  which  stairways  shall  be  of  the  mini- 
mum width  based  upon  such  fioor  area  as 
provided  in  the  following  schedule,  to  wit: 

For  every  three  thousand  five  hundred 
square  feet  or  fraction  thereof  of  such 
floor  area,  not  less  than  one  stairway  of 
not  less  than  five  feet  in  width. 

Not  less  than  one  stairway  of  not  less 
than  five  feet  in  width  for  every  3,500 
square  feet,  or  fraction  thereof,  of  such 
floor  area. 

Not  less  than  two  stairways  of  not  less 
than  five  feet  in  width  where  such  floor 
area  exceeds  3,500  square  feet  and  does 
not  exceed  12,500  square  feet;  provided, 
however,  that  not  less  than  three  inches 
in  width  shall  be  added  to  each  such 
stairway  for  every  1000  square  feet,  oi- 
fractional  part  thereof,  of  such  floor  area 
in  excess  of  7,000  square  feet  of  such  floor 
area  up  to  12,500  square  feet  of  such -floor 
area. 

Not  less  than  three  stairways  of  not 
less  than  five  feet  in  width  where  such 
floor  area  exceeds  12,500  square  feet  and 
does  not  exceed  20,000  squaie  feet;  pro- 
vided, however,  that  not  less  than  two 
inches  in  width  shall  be  added  to  each 
such  stairway  for  every  1.000  square  feet, 
or  fractional  part  thereof,  of  such  floor 
area  in  excess  of  10,500  square  feet  but 
not  exceeding  20,000  square  feet  of  such 
floor  area. 

Not  less  than  four  stairways  of  not 
less  than  flve  feet  in  width  where  such 
floor  area  exceeds  20,000  square  feet  and 
does  not  exceed  27,000  square  feet;  pro- 
vided, however,  that  not  less  than  one 
and  one-half  inches  in  width  shall  be 
added  to  each  such  stairway  for  every 
1000  square  feet,  or  fractional  part  there- 
of, of  such  floor  area  in  excess  of  14,000 
square  feet  but  not  exceeding  27,000 
square  feet  of  such  floor  area. 

Not  less  than  five  stairways  of  not  less 
than  five  feet  in  width  where  suqh  floor 
area  exceeds  27.000  square  feet  and  does 
not  exceed  37,000  square  feet;  provided, 
however,  that  not  less  than  one  and  one- 
quarter  inches  in  width  shall  be  added 
to  each  such  stairway  for  every  1000 
square  feet,  or  fractional  part  thereof,  of 
such  floor  area  in  excess  of  17,500  square 
feet  but  not  exceeding  37,000  square  feet 
of  such  floor  area. 

Not  less  than  six  stairways  of  not  less 
than    five   feet  in  width   where   such   floor 


96 


area  exceeds  37,000  square  feet  and  does 
not  exceed  48,000  square  feet;  provided, 
however,  that  not  less  than  one  inch  in 
width  shall  be  added  to  each  such  stair- 
way for  every  1000  square  feet,  or  frac- 
tional part  thereof,  of  such  floor  area  in 
excess  of  21,000  square  feet  but  not  ex- 
ceeding 48,000  square  feet  of  such  floor 
area. 

Not  less  than  seven  stairways  of  not 
less  than  five  feet  in  width  where  such 
floor  area  exceeds  48,000  square  feet  and 
does  not  exceed  60,000  square  feet;  pro- 
vided, however,  that  not  less  than  one 
inch  in  width  shall  be  added  to  each  such 
stairway  for  every  1000  square  feet,  or 
fractional  part  thereof,  of  such  floor  area 
in  excess  of  24,500  square  feet  but  not 
exceeding  60,000  square  feet. 

Not  less  than  eight  stairways  of  not 
less  than  five  feet  in  width  where  such 
floor  area  exceeds  60,000  square  feet;  pro- 
vided, however,  that  not  less  than  one 
inch  in  width  shall  be  added  to  each  such 
stairway  for  every  1000  square  feet,  or 
fractional  part  thereof,  of  such  floor  area 
in  excess  of  28,000  square  feet  of  such 
floor  area. 

In  buildings  of  Class  "B",  Class  "C"  or 
Class  "D"  construction  every  basement, 
sub-basement  or  cellar  used,  or  intended 
to  be  used,  for  the  exhibition  of  goods, 
wares  or  merchandise,  or  for  the  sale 
thereof,  at  retail,  shall  be  provided  with 
at  least  one  stairway  not  less  than  five 
feet  in  width  for  every  three  thousand 
square  feet,  or  fractional  part  thereof,  of 
floor  area  of  such  basement. 

Every  stairway  constructed  in  any 
building  or  Class  "A",  Class  "B",  Class 
"C",  or  Class  "D"  construction  shall  be 
constructed  without  winders  and  shall 
have  a  hand  rail  on  each  side  thereof. 
Such  stairways  shall  be  as  far  removed 
from  each  other  as  practicable  and  the 
width  of  the  main  aisles  leading  thereto 
shall  be  not  less  than  the  full  width  of 
such  stairway  or  stairways. 

In  every  basement  or  cellar  containing 
an  even  number  of  stairways  one  half 
thereof  shall  open  directly  to  a  street  or 
alley.  In  the  event  any  such  basement  or 
cellar  contains  an  uneven  number  of 
stairways  the  greater  portion  of  such 
stairways  shall  open  directly  to  a  street 
or  alley;  provided,  however,  that  if  there 
be  but  one  such  stairway  in  any  such 
basement,  such  stairway  shall  open  di- 
rectly to  a  street  or  alley. 

Sec.  199.  Steel  Frame  Towers.  Steel 
frame  towers  may  be  constructed  upon 
the  ground  or  upon  a  building  of  Class 
"A"  construction  in  the  inanner  provided 
in  this  section. 

The  base  of  each  such  tower  shall  be 
rectangular  in  shape.  The  shortest  side 
of  the  base  shall  not  be  shorter  than  one- 
tenth  of  the  height  of  the  tower.  Hori- 
zontal cross  ties  shall  be  constructed  on 
each  side  of  such  tower  not  more  than 
twelve  and  one-half  feet  apart.  E'ach 
such  tower  shall  be  braced  with  diagonal 
bracing  in  such  manner  that  the  same 
will  withstand  a  wind  pressure  of  thirty 
pounds  per  square  foot  in  every  direction, 
with  a  factor  of  safety  of  six.  Each  such 
tower  shall  be  of  steel  frame  construction 
and  no  part  of  the  same  shall  be  enclosed. 
The  working  stress  of  steel  used  in  any 
such  tower  shall  be  as  follows:  Compres- 
sive   stress,    not    more    than    8350    pounds 


per  square  inch;  tensile  stress  not  more 
than  10,000  pounds  per  square  inch. 

It  .shall  be  unlawful  for  any  person, 
firm  01'  corporation  to  erect,  construct  or 
maintain,  or  to  cause  or  pei'niit  to  be 
erected,  constructed  or  maintained,  any 
tower  upon  any  building  except  a  build- 
ing of  Class  "A"  construction. 

If  the  foundation  of  such  tower  shall 
rest  upon  such  a  building,  such  founda- 
tion and  the  connection  thereof  with  the 
building  shall  be  of  sufficient  strength  to 
support  the  tower.  If  such  tower  shall 
be  built  upon  the  ground  the  minimum 
depth  of  the  foundation  of  such  tower 
shall  be  ten  feet,  and  a  greater  depth 
may  be  required  by  the  Board  of  Public 
Works  whenever  in  the  judgment  of  said 
Board  such  greater  depth  is  necessary. 

Before  any  permit  shall  be  issued  for 
the  construction  of  any  such  tower,  plans 
and  specifications  therefor  shall  be  filed 
with  the  Board  of  Public  Works  in  the 
manner  required  by  this  ordinance  for 
other  structures,  which  plans  and  specifi- 
cations shall  contain  a  stress  sheet  and 
a  stress  diagram,  shall  show  the  manner 
of  construction  of  such  tower,  and  if  such 
tower  is  to  be  constructed  upon  a  build- 
ing such  plans  and  specifications  shall 
show  the  construction  of  such  building  in 
the  manner  of  connecting  such  tower  to 
svich  building. 

Sec.  200.  Cold  Storage  Buildings.  Every 
cold  storage  building  and  every  building 
devoted  to  refrigerating  purposes  shall  be 
of  Class  "A",  Class  "B",  Class  "C"  or 
Class  "D"  construction;  provided,  how- 
ever, that  all  columns  and  girders  of  ev- 
ery such  building  of  Class  "C"  construc- 
tion supporting  wooden  floors  may  be  of 
wood;  provided  further,  that  when  the 
exterior  masonry  walls  of  any  such  build- 
ing of  Class  "B"  or  Class  "C"  construc- 
tion are  insulated  with  wooden  studding, 
which  studding  contains  a  cross  section 
area  sufficient  to  sustain  the  internal 
loads  of  the  building  computed  at  1500 
pounds  to  the  square  inch  of  section  of 
such  studding  and  not  less  than  two  by 
six  inches  in  cross  section,  then  the  ex- 
terior masonry  walls  of  the  upper  two 
stories  shall  be  not  less  than  twelve 
inches  in  thickness,  and  the  walls  of  each 
two  stories  below  the  upper  two  stories 
shall  be  four  inches  thicker  than  the 
walls  of  the  two  stories  next  above;  pro- 
vided further,  that  every  such  wall  shall 
be  of  the  standard  thickness  prescribed 
in  Section  112  of  this  ordinance  if  such 
wall  exceeds  one  hundred  feet  in  length 
without  intersecting  division  walls  of  ma- 
sonry of  the  standard  thickness  prescribed 
elsewhere   in   this  ordinance. 

The  provisions  of  this  ordinance  relat- 
ing to  the  construction  of  interior  stair- 
ways in  buildings  shall  not  apply  to  any 
building  or  structure  or  to  any  portion  of 
any  building  or  structure  or  any  addi- 
tion thereto  which  is  used  exclusively  for 
the  creation  of  low  atmospheric  tempera- 
tures and  the  transmission  of  the  same 
to  cold  storage  compartments  by  means 
of  refrigerating  pipes  and  no  portion  of 
which  is  used  for  the  storage  of  goods, 
wares  or  merchandise. 

Sec.  201.  All  metal  lath  required  on 
ceilings  or  soffit  of  stairs  by  this  ordi- 
nance, .shall  be  securely  fastened  to  the 
joists  or  furring  strips,  where  such  fm-- 
ring  strips  are  of  wood,  by  means  of 
wire    staples   not   less   than   three-quarter 


97 


inch   in   length   and   spaced  or  driven   not  nails,    not   less    than    one    inch    in   length, 

more    than    eight    inches    apart.        "Where  driven    through    said    steel    ribs    and    into 

such     furring    strips    are    of    metal    such  the  joist.     Every  such  nail  shall  be  driven 

metal    lath    shall   be   securely    fastened   to  through    said    metal    lath    and     into    the 

such    furring   strips   with   galvanized   iron  joists  to  its  head;  all  such  nails  shall  be 

wire  of  not  less  than  No.   14  gauge;   pro-  placed  not  more  than  eight  inches  apart, 

vided,    however,    that    metal      lath      con-  Sec.    202.  Plaster    Board.      Wherever    in 

structed  with  steel  ribs,  not  less  than  one-  this   ordinance    metal    lath    is   required    to 

half  inch   in  width,   and  spaced   not  more  be  used,  there  may  be  used  in  lieu  thereof 

than  eight  inches  apart,  may  be  fastened  plaster  board,   composed   of  pure  gypsum, 

to    the    joists    by    means    of    barbed    roof  wood  and  manila  fibre  or  of  other  similar 


For  ?N\'fK  WALLS 

SOLID  PARTITIONS 
SUSPENDED  CEILINGS 
HOLLOW  PARTITIONS 

USE 

BUTTONLATH 

Specifications  on  Request 

BUTTONLATH    MFG.    CO. 

VERNON  AND  BOYLE  AVES.  LOS  ANGELES,   CAL. 

Phones:    29565;   South    2563 


HERRINGBONE  AND  DIAMOND  METAL  LATHS 

FENESTRA  STEEL  SASH.  FERALUN  STAIR  TREADS,  CHANNEL  IRON 

"SELF  SENTERING"   METAL  FOR  CONCRETE  ROOFS 

METALLIC    AND    LIQUID    CONCRETE    FLOOR    HARDENERS 

JOIST  HANGERS 

REINFORCING   STEEL   BARS   AND   SPIRAL   COLUMN   STEEL 

TRIANGULAR   MESH  REINFORCEMENT 

HERRINGBONE  METAL  LATH  CO. 

449  E.  Third  St.  Bdwy.  1006 — F  5696 


J.  C.  DUNCAN 

LATHING    CONTRACTOR 
Dealer    in    Button    Lath,    Metal    Lath    and    Channel    Iron 

Building   Industries   Associatinn  LOS   ANGELES,    CAL. 

Phones:  60608;  Main  6561  Home  F- 1  89  1 


98 


Sunset  Main  1453 


Home  A-1453 


THE  BERGER  MFG.  CO. 

OF    CALIFORNIA 

GALVANIZED    CORRUGATED   AND    FLAT   SHEETS,    TIN   PLATE, 

STEEL   CEILINGS,   EAVE   TROUGH  AND   CONDUCTOR   PIPE, 

METAL  LUMBER,   STEEL  STUDS,  FURRING,   EXPANDED 

METAL      LATH,      RIB-TRUS,      MULTIPLEX      STEEL 

PLATES,   FERRO-LITHIC  PLATES,  SIDEWALK 

LIGHTS,    DOORS,    VENTILATORS 

TONCAN   METAL   LATH   AND   SHEETS 

417  EAST  SECOND  STREET  LOS  ANGELES,  CAL. 


,J.    »T.    O'CONNOR 

Plastering  Contractor 

PLASTERING  CONTRACTOR 


Office  Phones 
Home  60608;  Main  6561 


BUILDERS'  EXCHANGE 

LOS  ANGELES.  CAL. 


materials,  an,cl  not  less  than  seventy-five 
per  cent  (75%)  of  the  materials  compos- 
ins  such  plaster  board  shall  be  of  non- 
inflamable  material.  Such  plaster  board 
shall  be  not  less  than  three-eighths  (.3-8") 
inch  in  thickness  and  so  constructed  as 
to  form  a  mechanical  key  or  bond  be- 
tween the  plaster  board  and  the  finish 
paster.  Such  mechanical  key  or  bond 
shall  be  equally  distributed  and  shall  com- 
pose at  least  twenty  per  cent  (20%)  of 
the  surface  of  the  plaster  board. 

Where  wood  joists,  wood  furrring 
strips,  wood  studs  or  other  wood  supports 
are  used  the  plaster  board  shall  be  se- 
curely fastened  thereto  by  means  of  nails, 
of  such  length  that  the  said  nails  shall 
extend  at  least  three-quarter  inch  (3-4") 
into  the  joists,  furring-strips,  studding 
or   other   supports. 

Such  nails  shall  be  spaced  or  driven  as 
near  as  may  be.  7"  apart  in  one  direction, 
and  as  near  as  may  be,  16"  apart  in  the 
other   direction. 

Where  the  furring  strips,  studs  or  other 
supports  are  of  metal,  the  plaster  board 
shall  be  securely  fastened  to  the  same 
with  galvanized  iron  wire  of  not  less 
than  14  gauge,  or  with  metal  clips  con- 
structed of  not  less  than  20  gauge  metal, 
spaced  as  near  as  may  be  12"  in  one 
direction  and  as  near  as  may  be,  16"  in 
the  other  direction.  All  such  metal  clips 
shall  be  constructed  in  such  a  manner 
as  to  closely  fit  both  the  plaster  board 
and  the  carrying  Ijar.  All  wire  nails  used 
for  fastening  plaster  board  shall  be  of 
at  least  No.  11  gauge  with  a  flat  head 
not  less  than  three-eighths  inch  (3-8")  m 
diameter.  All  such  plaster  board  shall 
have  applied  thereon  at  least  one  (1)  coat 
of  hard  wall  plaster,  such  plaster  to  he 
not  less  than  three-eighth  inch  (3-8")  in 
thickness. 

Any   type  of  plaster  board  desired  to  be 


used  as  in  this  section  specified,  shall  be 
first  tested  and  demonstrated  to  the  sat- 
isfaction of  the  Board  of  Public  Works, 
by  such  tests  as  the  said  Board  may  de- 
mand, that  such  plaster  board  is  at  least 
the  equal  under  the  same  conditions  of 
test,    of    metal    lath    and    plaster. 

Sec.  203.  Mezzanine  Floors.  Mezzanine 
floors  may  be  constructed  in  buildings  of 
Classes  "A",  "B"  and  "C"  construction 
used  for  stores,  warehouses,  factories, 
work  shops,  offices  or  other  similar  pur- 
poses in  any  portion  of  the  City  of  Los 
Angeles,  and  may  be  constructed  in 
buildings  used  for  such  purposes  of  Class 
"D"  construction  in  the  portion  of  the 
City  of  Los  Angeles  outside  of  Fire  Dis- 
tricts Nos.  1,  2  and  3.  Every  such  mez- 
zanine floor  constructed  in  any  building 
of  Class  "A",  "B",  "C"  or  "D"  construc- 
tion and  used  for  purposes  other  than 
storage  may  be  constructed  of  flreproof 
materials;  or  in  lieu  of  such  flreproof  ma- 
terials shall  be  constructed  of  wood  joists 
and  wood  flooring  of  a  sufficient  strength 
to  safely  sustain  a  load  of  sixty  povinds 
per  square  foot,  with  a  factor  of  safety 
of  four.  Where  such  mezzanine  floor  is 
used  for  storage  purposes  only  it  shall  be 
constructed  of  sufficient  strength  to  sus- 
tain a  load  of  not  less  than  one  hundred 
pounds  per  square  foot  with  a  factor  of 
safety  of  not  less  than  four.  Mezzanine 
floors  may  be  of  open  joist  construction. 
OI-,  if  ceiled,  shall  be  ceiled  in  accordance 
witli  the  provisions  of  this  ordinance  gov- 
erning the  construction  of  the  class  of 
building  in  which  such  mezzanine  floor  is 
constructed.  Every  joist  used  in  the  con- 
struction of  any  such  mezzanine  floor 
shall  be  of  Oregon  pine  timber  and  not 
less  than  2  by  6  inches  in  dimensions. 
Every  mezzanine  floor  shall  have  a  clear 
perpendicular  space  both  below  and  above 


99 


kk 


UNIVERSAL" 

WATER    HEATERS 


Over  200 
installed  in 
Los  Angeles 
in  the  past 
two  years 


Saved  from 

30  to  40%  on 

fuel.     List  of 

installations 

given  on  request 


ROTARY    MANUFACTURING    CO. 


such  floor  of  not  less  than  seven  feet.  No 
mezzanine  floor  shall  be  constructed  in 
any  such  building  to  exceed  SSVs  per  cent 
of  the  area  of  the  floor  in  the  room  in 
which  such  mezzanine  floor  is  constructed. 
In  the  event  that  such  mezzanine  floor 
exceeds  33%  per  cent  of  the  area  of  the 
floor  in  the  room  in  which  it  is  con- 
structed, it  shall,  for  the  purposes  of  this 
ordinance,  be  deemed  to  be  an  interme- 
diate floor  and  shall  be  subject  to  all  the 
following  provisions  governing:  the  con- 
struction of  inteimediate  floors. 

Intermediate  Floors.  Intermediate  floors 
may  be  constructed  in  building;s  of  Classes 
"A",  "B"  and  "C"  construction,  used  for 
stores,  warehouses,  factories,  work  shops, 
offices  or  othei'  similar  purposes  in  any 
portion  of  the  City  of  Los  Angeles.  Every 
intermediate  floor  constructed  in  any 
Class  "A"  building  shall  be  of  Class  "A" 
construction;  every  intermediate  floor 
constructed  in  any  Class  "B"  building 
shall  be  of  Class  "A"  or  "B"  construc- 
tion; every  intermediate  floor  constructed 
in  any  Class  "C"  building  shall  be  of 
Class  "A",  "B"  or  "C"  construction.  EV- 
ery  such  intermediate  floor  shall  be  sub- 
ject to  all  the  pi'ovisions  of  this  ordi- 
nance governing  construction  and  ar- 
rangement in  the  several  classes  men- 
tioned. Every  intermediate  floor  shall 
have  a  clear  perpendicular  space  both  be- 
low and  above  such  floor  of  not  less  than 
eight  feet.  Whenever  an  intermediate 
floor  is  constructed  in  any  building,  such 
intermediate  floor  shall,  for  the  purpose 
of  this  ordinance,  be  deemed  to  be  an 
additional  storj'  to  such  building  and  such 
building   shall   be   subject   to   all   the   pro- 


visions of  this  oidinance  governing  the 
height  of  buiklings,  number  of  stories  and 
general  construction  and  all  other  partic- 
ulars regulating  or  pertaining  to  the  par- 
ticular class  of  buildings  to  which  such 
building  belongs. 

Sec.  252.  It  shall  be  unlawful  for  any 
person,  firm  or  corporation  to  commence 
or  do  or  cause  to  be  done,  or  to  construct 
or  cause  to  be  constructed,  or  to  use  or 
cause  to  be  used,  any  plumbing  or  house 
drainage  affecting  the  sanitary  condition 
of  any  house  or  building  or  any  portion 
thereof,  or  to  construct  or  cause  to  be 
constructed,  or  to  use  or  cause  to  be  used, 
any  sewer  or  cesspool  in  the  City  of  Los 
Angeles,  without  first  obtaining  a  permit 
from  the  Board  of  Public  Works  so  to  do. 

Any  person,  firm  or  corporation  desiring 
a  permit  for  any  of  the  purposes  enumer- 
ated in  this  section,  shall  make  applica- 
tion in  writing  to  the  Board  of  Public 
Works  giving  such  information  as  said 
Board  may  require,  on  blanks  to  be  fur- 
nished for  that  purpose,  and,  if  it  ap- 
pears therefrom  that  the  work  to  be  per- 
formed thereunder  is  to  be  done  accord- 
ing to  the  regulations  contained  in  this 
ordinance,  governing  the  construction  of 
such  work,  a  permit  shall  be  issued  upon 
payment  of  the  fees  as  fixed  by  sub-sec- 
tion "B"  of  Section  3  hereof. 

Nothing  in  this  Section  contained  shall 
be  deemed  or  construed  to  require  tlie 
application  for  or  the  issuance  of  a  per- 
mit for  the  purpose  of  repairing  a  leak  in 
any  drain,  soil,  waste,  trap  or  vent  pipe 
or  pipes,  or  for  the  removal  and  resetting 
of  a  water  closet,  urinal  or  similar  fl.x- 
ture,  or  of  any  trap  or  waste  to  such  fix- 


00 


San  Pedro 
Lumber  Company 

Wholesale  and  Retail 


GENERAL   OFFICES   AND   YARD— 16TH   AND   CENTRAL   AVE. 

Phones,   South    531,    Home   203  76 
LOS  ANGELES 

Wholesale   Yards   and   Wharves,   San   Pedro 

BRANCH     YARDS 

Long    Beach  Huntington    Beach  Westminster  Yorba    Linda 

Gardena  Compton  Whittier 


tures  for  the  purpose  of  removing  stop- 
pages, except  when  it  is  necessary  to  re- 
place any  such  fixture,  drain,  soil,  waste, 
trap,  vent  pipe  or  pipes  with  other  or 
different   materials. 

Sec.  253.  All  work  done  under  permit 
shall  be  subject  to  inspection  and  notice 
must  be  given  in  writing  to  the  Board  of 
Public  Works  by  the  pezson,  firm  or  cor- 
poration doing  said  work,  or  causing  the 
same  to  be  done,  immediately  after  said 
work  is  ready  for  inspection.  Up  to  the 
time  of  the  inspection  all  work  must  be 
uncovered  and  convenient  for  the  inspec- 
tor's examination,  and  every  facility  must 
be  given  the  Inspector  to  make  a  thor- 
ough examination;  that  is,  if  any  pipes 
are  inclosed,  or  covered  with  flooring, 
siding,  lath,  dirt  or  other  material,  or 
covered  in  any  way  whatsoever,  so  as  to 
tend  to  obstruct  a  thorough  inspection  of 
the  drainage  system,  said  obstruction 
must  be  removed,  upon  notice  so  to  do 
from  the  Board  of  Public  Works,  before 
an  Inspector  shall  be  required  to  inspect 
the  work.  In  inspecting  such  work,  the 
Inspector  shall  apply  the  water  test;  all 
the  necessary  tools,  labor  and  assistance 
for  such  test  shall  be  furnished  by  the 
person,  firm  or  corporation  having  con- 
trol of,  or  in  charge  of  such  work.  When 
upon  examination  by  the  Inspector,  if  It 
appears  that  any  such  work  is  defective, 
either  in  the  construction  or  material, 
the  same  shall  be  removed  or  replaced 
to  conform  to  the  regulation  set  forth  in 
this  ordinance. 

Sec.  254.  When  it  appears  to  the  satis- 
faction   of    the    Board    of    Public    Works 


that  any  work  mentioned  in  this  ordi- 
nance has  been  constructed  according  to, 
and  meets  the  requirements  of  all  provi- 
sions of  this  ordinance,  and  that  all  ti*io 
fees  for  inspection  thereof  have  been 
paid,  the  said  Board  of  Public  Works 
shall  cause  to  be  issued  to  the  person, 
firm  or  corporation  constructing  such 
work  a  certificate  of  final  inspection, 
which  certificate  shall  recite  that  such 
work  as  the  permit  was  issued  for  has 
been  constructed  according  to  the  ordi- 
nances of  said  city,  and  that  said  work  is 
in  a  sanitary  condition.  The  Board  of 
Public  Works  shall  not  issue  such  certi- 
ficate of  inspection  unless  the  require- 
ments of  this  ordinance  have  been  ad- 
hered to. 

It  shall  be  unlawful  for  any  person, 
firm  or  corporation  to  use  or  occupy  or 
inhabit,  or  to  let  or  lease  for  the  pur- 
pose of  occupancy  or  inhabitation,  any 
building  in  which  any  plumbing  or  house 
drainage  work  has  been  constructed  or 
installed  that  affects  the  sanitary  condi- 
tion of  such  building,  unless  such  plumb- 
ing or  house  drainage  work  has  been  con- 
.=tructed  or  installed  according  to  the 
terms  of  this  ordinance,  and  a  certificate 
of  final  inspection  issued,  as  herein  pro- 
vided. 

Sec.  255.  The  rules  and  regulations  set 
forth  in  this  ordinance  are  hereby 
adopted  as  the  standard  for  the  construc- 
tion and  installation  of  plumbing  and 
house  drainage  work  affecting  the  sani- 
tary condition  of  all  buildings  in  the  City 
of  I_.os  Angeles,  and  all  such  work  must 
be  constructed  or  installed  in  accordance 


01 


therewith  before  a  certiticate  of  final  in- 
spection will  be  granted  by  said  Board  of 
PubHc  Works. 

Sec.  256.  A  running  trap  may  be  placed 
on  the  house  drain;  and  if  placed  outside 
of  the  building,  or  below  the  cellar  floor, 
it  must  be  made  accessible  in  a  brick 
or  wood  manhole,  not  less  than  three  feet 
square.  Such  trap  must  have  two  clean- 
outs  with  brass  trap  screw  ferrules,  a 
vent  pipe  inust  be  connected  on  each  side 
of  such  running  trap,  and  must  be  of 
cast  iron  or  galvanized  wrought  iron  or 
steel  pipe,  standard  weight,  and  be  of 
not  less  than  three  inches  internal  diame- 
ter for  four-inch  drains,  and  be  in- 
creased one  inch  in  diameter  for  every 
increase  of  one  inch  in  the  diameter  of 
the  house  drain.  The  vent  pipe  on  the 
sewer  side  to  such  running  trap  must  be 
carried  up  to  and  at  least  six  inches 
above  the  highest  part  of  the  main  roof, 
and  where  practical,  these  vent  pipes 
shall  follow  the  under  side  of  roof,  and 
shall  not  be  brought  to  the  outer  air  un- 
til the  highest  point  of  the  roof  has  been 
reached.  The  vent  pipe  on  the  house 
side  of  the  running  trap  may  terminate 
above  the  roof  at  any  point  not  less  than 
eight  feet  from  any  window,  door,  or  air 
shaft  of  any  building  used  as  a  dwelling. 

Sec.  257.  Every  soil  pipe  or  waste  pipe 
under  or  inside  of  any  building  shall  be 
of  cast  iron,  galvanized  wrought  iron, 
galvanized  steel,  or  lead,  or  brass.  No 
such  soil  or  waste  pipe  shall  be  install  3d 
■of  sheet  iron  or  well  casing.  All  joints 
in  cast  iron  pipe,  whether  inside  of  the 
building  or  otherwise,  shall  be  made  with 
moulten  lead  and  thoroughly  caulked. 
When  galvanized  wrought  iron,  or  gal- 
vanized steel,  or  lead  or  brass  pipe  is 
used  for  soil  or  waste,  no  grade  lighter 
than  standard  shall  be  used.  All  changes 
in  direction  shall  be  made  as  required  in 
Section  258  of  this  ordinance,  and  all 
fittings  used  in  the  several  angles,  shall 
be  standard  drainage  fittings,  ordinary 
malleable  or  cast  iron  fittings  that  are 
not  recessed,  are  prohibited,  and  all 
fittings  used  in  such  work  must  be  of 
same  internal  diameter  as  pipe  line  upon 
which    it    is    used. 

Sec.  258.  Every  vertical  soil  pipe  or 
waste  pipe  shall  be  provided  with  a  clean- 
out  or  a  trap  screw  ferrule  at  the  foot  or 
lower  terminal  thereof  and  with  a  clean- 
out  of  trap  screw  ferrule  at  the  end  of 
■each  horizontal  pipe  line  and  each  lateral 
branch,  except  that  such  cleanouts  or 
trap  screw  ferrules  may  be  omitted  in 
concealed  work.  All  such  cleanouts  or 
trap  screw  ferrules  installed  in  or  under 
cement  floors  in  any  basement  or  cellar, 
or  the  first  floor  of  any  building  shall  be 
brought  up  where  it  is  accessible  at  the 
finished   floor. 

Every  cleanout  or  trap  screw  ferrule 
required  by  this  ordinance  shall  be  in- 
stalled in  such  manner  as  to  be  readily 
accessible.  Any  such  cleanout  or  trap 
screw  ferrule  shall  have  a  clearance  of 
eighteen  inches  (IS")  from  any  pier, 
foundation,  wall,  partition,  girder,  or  any 
other  structural  part  of  ,the  building 
which  would  tend  to  obstruct  the  acces- 
sibility  of   same. 

Every  cleanout  or  trap  screw  ferrule 
shall  be  of  the  same  size  as  the  pipe  up  lo 
four  inches  (4")  in  diameter,  and  in  no 
case  less  than  four  inches  (4")  for  larger 
piping. 

Where  a  waste  pipe  line  intercepts  or  is 
branched    into    another    waste    pipe    line 


whenever  it  is  perpendicular  to  lb?  hori- 
zontal pipe  line  or  both  are  lyu.g  in  a 
horizontal  position,  the  point  of  intersec- 
tion shall  be  at  an  angle  of  forty-five  (45) 
degrees,  this  forming  a  "Y"  branch.  Com- 
bination "Y's"  full  "Y's"  and  %  bends 
are  permissable  for  these  angles,  but 
"T's,"  double  "Y's,"  sanitary  "T's"  or 
double  sanitary  "T's'  are  prohibited  in 
any  waste  piping  where  the  angle  from 
the  vertical  is  more  than  forty-five  (45) 
degrees. 

Sec.  259.  Every  drain  pipe  outside  of 
any  building  and  running  as  far  as  the 
property  line  or  cesspool,  shall  be  of  firsi 
grade  vitrified  iron  stone  pipe,  or  of  cast 
iron,  and  where  a  water  closet  is  iii- 
stalled  or  roughed  in,  the  internal  diame- 
ter of  such  house  drain  shall  be  not  less 
than  four  inches:  stoneware  piping  shall 
not  be  placed  within  twelve  inches  of  liie 
exterior  wall  of  any  building  or  vviihin 
three  inches  of  the  surface  of  the  ground 
at  any  part  of  its  course.  Each  joint  be- 
tween sections  of  vitrified  piping  must 
be  completely  and  uniformly  filled  with 
Portland  cement  or  a  substance  known 
as  Butler's  Submarine  Sewer  Jointing 
Compound  may  be  used  for  such  purpose, 
provided  said  Compound  conforms  to 
"Specifications  No.  115  (New  Series)  for 
the  construction  of  Sanitary  Sewers  in 
the  City  of  Los  Angeles,  using  Butler's 
Submarine  Sewer  .Jointing  Compound," 
which  specifications  were  approved  and 
adopted  by  the  City  Council  of  said  City 
on  December  26,  1916,  and  are  on  file 
in  the  office  of  the  City  Clerk  of  said  City, 
and  every  joint  must  be  thoroughly 
cleaned  from  the  inside  so  as  not  to  form 
any  obstruction.  Every  outside  drain 
must  be  water  tight,  and  have  a  fall  of 
not  less  than  one-quarter  of  an  inch  to 
the  foot  towards  the  street  sewer  or  cess- 
pool. Provided,  however,  that  whenever 
it  is  impractical  due  to  the  depth  of  the 
street  sewer  to  obtain  said  fall  of  one- 
quarter  (Vi)  inch  to  the  foot  towards  the 
said  street  sewer,  it  shall  be  lawful  lo 
install  such  drain  pipe  with  all  the  fall 
that  is  possible  to  obtain.  All  angles  or 
branch  connections  in  outside  drains  shall 
be  governed  by  Section  258  of  this  ordin- 
ance. Outside  drains  shall  not  be  covered 
or  concealed  in  any  way  until  they  have 
been  inspected  and  approved  by  the 
Board  of  Public  Works.  It  shall  be  un- 
lawful for  any  person,  firm  or  corpora- 
tion to  connect  any  pipe  or  private 
property  with  any  pipe  in  the  street  con- 
nected with  the  public  sewer  of  said  city, 
or  to  construct  any  sewer,  or  connect 
with  any  private  sewer,  or  connect  any 
plumbing  or  house  drain  with  any  sewer, 
drain  or  cesspool  without  first  obtaining 
a  permit  so  to  do  from  the  Board  of  Pub- 
lic Works. 

Sec.  260.  Every  water  closet,  slop  hop- 
per, urinal,  slop  sink  and  every  other 
vessel  or  vessels  cormected  directly  or 
indirectlv  to  the  street  sewer  or  cesspool 
shall  be  separately  and  independently 
trapped  and  the  trap  revented.  No  trap 
shall  drain  more  than  one  fixture  or  ves- 
sel, provided,  however,  that  a  bath  tub 
with  a  basin  or  lavatory  attached  to  or 
supported  by  the  said  bath  tub,  the  waste 
from  the  said  bath  tub,  basin  or  lavatory 
passing  through  the  same  pipe,  shall  'oe 
deemed  a  single  fixture  and  require  but 
one    trap. 

Provided,  further,  that  any  two  wash 
trays,  acid  or  develoi)ing  sinks  where  the 
length    of    the    piping   between    the   waste 


02 


outlets  does  not  exceed  two  feet  (2') 
shall   be  deemed   to   be  a  single  fixture. 

Every  water  sealed  trap  shall  be  in- 
stalled as  near  the  fixture  as  is  prac- 
ticable. The  length  of  the  waste  pipe  of 
any  flxtvire  from  its  trap  to  the  vent  pipe 
or  from  the  fixture  to  the  trap  shall  not 
exceed  two  feet  (2').  All  of  the  portion 
of  the  waste  pipe  of  a  trap  extending  lo 
the  point  of  venting  shall  be  considered 
as  a  part  of  the  trap  and  the  total  fall 
between  the  trap  and  the  vent  pipe  shall 
not  exceed  the  diameter  of  the  trap  ex- 
cept  earthenware    water   closet   traps. 

Sec.  261.  No  Latrine  or  range  water 
closet,  plunger  and  washout  water  closets, 
round  or  oval  long  hopper  water  closets 
or  any  type  of  water  closet  where  the 
water  supply  valve  is  contained  within 
the  closet  or  supplied  through  any  com- 
mon type  of  hopper  valve,  shall  be  in- 
stalled. No  wood  laundry  ti'ay  or  wood 
sink  shall  be  installed.  Every  wash  tray 
or  sink  installed  shall  l)e  of  nonabsorbent 
material  except  in  the  case  of  kitchen 
sinks  in  hotels  or  in  restaurants,  which 
sinks  may  be  of  wood,  provided  that  the 
said  sinks  shall  be  not  less  than  eight 
inches    (S")    in  depth. 

Lead  piping,  lead  bends,  or  lead  traps 
are  prohibited  from  installation  in  any 
cement  or  concrete  floor  or  under  ground. 
Iron  bends  or  stubs  shall  be  provided  with 
a  cast  iron  or  brass  floor  flange  and  shall 
be  caulked  or  screwed  to  the  bend  or 
stub.  Every  such  floor  flange  shall  be 
set  in  place  before  the  rough  work  in- 
spection, and  no  water  closet  shall  be 
set  thereon   until  inspected  and  approved. 

Sec.  262.  Every  trap  shall  be  effective- 
ly vented  with  an  air  pipe  of  diameter 
not  less  than  that  of  such  trap,  except 
in  case  of  a  trap  larger  than  two  (2) 
inches  in  diameter,  in  which  case  the  air 
pipe  shall  be  not  less  than  two  (2)  inches 
i!i  diameter,  provided  that  a  single  pipe 
may  be  used  to  vent  two  (2)  traps 
through  the  same  fitting  when  such  fit- 
ting lias  effective  means  to  prevent  the 
drainage  from  one  trap  entering  the 
other  trap  and  is  made  in  one  (1)  piece 
of  metal  without  loose  or  attached  parts. 

All  separate  vent  pipes  within  a  radius 
of  twenty  (20)  feet  may  converge  into 
one  pipe,  the  size  of  which  shall  be  gov- 
erned by  the  provisions  of  Sections  2G5 
and  26(i  of  this  ordinance.  These  vent 
pipes  shall  be  extended  up  to  and  follow- 
ing the  angle  of  the  roof  line  on  under 
side  of  same,  and  shall  not  be  brought 
to  the  outer  air  until  the  highest  point 
in  roof  has  been  reached.  A  distance  of 
twenty-four  (24)  inches  measured  from 
the  top  edge  of  ridge  to  the  lower  side 
of  vent  pipe  on  the  angle  of  the  roof 
thereof  will  be  deemed  to  be  sufficient, 
I^rovided.  however,  in  case  of  a  flat  roof 
on  buildings  of  two  or  more  stories  in 
height  such  vent  piping  need  not  be  ex- 
tended to  the  highest  point  of  such  roof, 
provided  no  vent  pipe  in  such  flat  roof 
shall  terminate  within  ten  (10)  feet  of 
a.ny  other  building,  and  the  terminal  of 
all  vent  piping  on  anv  building  or  struc- 
ture shall  not  be  within  ten  (10)  feet  of 
any  window,  air  intake  or  other  opening 
in  any  such  building  or  structure.  Hori- 
zontal vent  piping  above  the  fixture  level 
shall  not  exceed  twenty  (20)  feet  in 
length. 

In  buildings  of  two  or  more  stories,  a 
roof  will  be  considered  flat  whose  pitch 
or  inclination  is  three  (.3)  inches  or  less 
per  foot.  All  roofs  on  buildings  two  or 
more    stories    in    height    with    a    greater 


pitch  than  three  (.3)  inches  shall  be 
deemed  a  pitch  roof,  and  all  vent  piping 
shall  be  carried  to  the  highest  point  as 
herein  provided,  and  the  minimum  height 
of  any  vent  pipe  from  the  ground  shall 
be   fifteen    (15)    feet. 

Sec.  263.  Every  branch  or  branch  fit- 
ting, for  a  vent  pipe  shall,  when  leaving 
a  horizontal  or  vertical  line  of  waste  uipe 
be  taken  from  a  "Y"  branch  lying  in  the 
direction  from  which  the  waste  watei 
flows  in  such  waste  pipe,  thus  forining  .an 
angle  of  forty-five  degrees  with  the  waste 
pipe;  or  may  leave  such  horizontal  waste 
pipe  at  riglit  angles,  provided  that  such 
vent  pipe  shall  have  a  rise  of  at  least 
forty-five  degrees,  thus  permitting  the 
use  of  a  "T".  Horizontal  vent  pipes  leav- 
ing the  waste  pipe  below  the  fixture  line 
or  floor  line,  shall  not  exceed  a  greater 
length  than  is  required  to  .assume  a  ver- 
tical position.  All  vent  pipes,  whether 
horizontal  or  vertical,  when  converged 
into  a  main  extension,  shall  rise  vertically 
to  a  point  six  inches  in  height  above  the 
top  of  fixture  before  a  right  angle  is 
made  to  the  branch  fitting  to  which  line 
of  vent  pipe  one  or  more  fixtures  is  made. 

Sec.  264.  Every  building  in  which  a 
water  closet  is  installed  and  the  waste 
pipe  from  such  fixture  is  connected  to 
the  street  sewer,  or  a  cesspool,  the  min- 
imum diameter  of  the  vent  pipe  f'-oni 
such  fixture  shall  be  four  (4)  inches. 
Every  building  in  which  a  fixture  is  in- 
stalled other  than  a  water  closet,  .ind 
there  is  not  a  four  (4)  inch  vent  pipe 
through  the  roof  of  such  building,  the 
minimum  size  vent  pipe  from  such  fixtuie 
through  the  roof  shall  be  the  same  diam- 
eter as  the  waste  piping  installed  for  such 
fixture. 

Where  the  diameter  of  the  house  drain 
is  larger  than  herein  provided  for,  .and 
at  some  point  in  the  building  the  same 
diameter  piping  rises  to  the  upper  floor 
or  floors  forming  a  stack  or  vertical  )ine. 
such  piping  shall  be  continued  undimin- 
ished through  the  roof  as  provided  for  in 
Section    262    of   this   ordinance. 

When  two  or  more  buildings  or  struc- 
tures are  connected  with  the  house  drain 
or  sewer,  the  drain  pipe  system  in  each 
and  every  such  building  or  structure  shall 
conform  to  the  rules  and  regulations  pre- 
scribed  by   this  ordinance. 

Sec.  265.  The  vent  or  air  piping  to 
every  water  seal  trap  shall  not  be  smaller 
in  diameter  than  one  and  one-half  dVz^ 
inches  for  any  such  trap  not  greater  than 
two  inches  (2")  in  diameter,  provided 
that  if  more  than  one  trap  shall  be 
vented  by  the  same  pipe  the  normal  in- 
ternal diameter  of  such  piping  shall  not 
be  less   than   the   following: 

For  more  than  one  and  not  exceeding 
two  traps,  not  less  than  one  and  one- 
half  (11/^)  inch  vent  pipe;  for  more  than 
two  (2)  .and  not  exceding  eight  (8)  traps, 
not  less  than  two  (2)  inch  vent  pipe;  foi- 
not  less  than  eight  (8)  and  not  exceeding 
sixteen  (16)  traps,  not  less  than  two  .and 
one-half  (214)  inch  vent  pipe;  for  more 
than  sixteen  (16)  .and  not  exceeding 
twenty-eight  (28)  traps,  not  less  than  a 
three    (3)    inch  vent   pipe. 

Sec.  266.  The  vent  or  air  piping  to  any 
water  seal  trap  connected  to  .any  fixture 
or  vessel,  and  such  trap  is  larger  than 
two  (2)  inches  in  diameter,  the  vent  pip- 
ing to  such  trap  shall  not  be  smaller 
than  two  (2)  inches  in  diameter,  provided 
that  where  more  than  one  (1)  such  trap 
shall  be  vented  through   the   same   piping 


03 


Ihe  normal  internal  diameter  of  such  pip- 
ing shall  not  be  less  than  the  following: 

For  more  than  one  (1)  and  not  exceed- 
ing four  (4)  such  traps,  not  less  than  a 
two  (2)  inch  vent  pipe;  for  more  than 
four  (4)  and  not  exceeding  eight  (S)  such 
traps,  not  less  than  a  two  and  one-half 
(2\^)  inch  vent  pipe;  for  more  than  eight 
(8)  and  not  exceeding  fourteen  tl4)  such 
traps,  not  less  than  a  three  (3)  inch  vent 
pipe;  for  more  than  fourteen  (14)  such 
traps,  not  less  than  a  four  (4)  inch  vent 
pipe. 

All  vent  or  air  piping,  shall  Vje  either 
cast  iron,  lead,  wrough  iron  or  steel. 
No  such  vent  or  air  piping  shall  be  con- 
structed of  sheet  iron  or  well  casing. 
Where  wrought  iron  or  steel  piping  is 
used  it  shall  be  galvanized.  All  fittings 
used  shall  be  threaded  with  standard 
threads  and  all  mallealile  iron  fittings 
shall  be  galvanized  (cast  iron  fitting  ex- 
cepted.) Half-unions  or  union  couplings 
of  anv  description  shall  not  be  used  in 
the  installation  of  vent  piping  or  waste 
piping. 

Sec.  267.  All  waste  pipes  shall  be  cast 
iron,  galvanized  wrought  iron,  galvanized 
steel,  or  of  brass  or  lead,  not  less  than 
standard  weight,  and  of  the  following 
sizes:       , 

For  each  bath  tub,  wash  basin,  laundry 
trav  or  set,  or  other  small  fixture  not 
less  than  one  and  one-half  (11/2)  inches 
internal  diameter;  for  each  slop  sink  or 
slop  hopper  where  the  outlet  is  two  (2) 
inches  or  smaller,  not  less  than  two  (2) 
inches  internal  diameter;  and  if  outlet  is 
larger  than  two  (2)  inches,  the  waste  pipe 
shall  not  j^e  smaTTer  than  three  (3)  inches 
internal  diameter;  for  each  water  closet, 
not  less  than  four  (4)  inches  in  diameter; 
for  each  urinal  not  less  than  two  (2) 
inches  in  diameter;  for  each  sink  used 
for  kitchen  purposes  or  otherwise,  the 
minimum  diameter  of  waste  piping  to 
such  fixture  shall  be  two  (2)  inches  in 
diameter,  (trap  to  fixfure  and  its  exten- 
sion to  wall  excepted).  Where  more  than 
two  (2)  and  not  to  exceed  four  (4) 
kitchen  sinks  or  urinals  are  connected  to 
the  same  diameter  piping  the  internal 
diameter  of  such  piping  shall  be  not  less 
than  two  and  one-half  (21/2)  inches,  for 
more  than  four  (4)  and  not  to  exceed 
ten,  three  (3)  inch  piping.  The  connect- 
ing of  bath  tubs,  wash  basins  and  laun- 
dry trays  to  such  piping  shall  not  l»e 
considered  as  requiring  any  increase  in 
the  diameter  of  such  piping.  Fixtures  not 
requiring  a  larger  waste  pipe  than  one 
and  one-half  (li/^)  inch  diameter,  not 
more  than  two  (2)  such  fixtures  shall  be 
connected  to  a  one  and  one-half  (IVi^ 
inch  diameter  pipe.  Not  more  than  eight 
(8)  such  fixtures  shall  be  connected  to  a 
two  (2)  inch  diameter  pipe.  Not  more 
than  fourteen  (14)  such  fixtures  shall  lie 
connected  to  a  two  and  one-half  (2Vi) 
inch  diameter  pipe.  Any  number  of  such 
fixtures  exceeding  fourteen  (14)  shall  be 
connected    to   a    three    (3)    inch    diameter 

pipe- 
Each  and  every  prospective  soil,  waste 
or  drain  line  that  may  be  constructed  or 
installed  in  any  building  or  structure  for 
the  purpose  of  future  installation  of  fix- 
tures must  in  each  and  every  case  be 
provided  with  separate  and  suitable  open- 
ings on  both  waste  and  vent  lines,  and 
to  be  installed  in  such  a  manner  as  to 
comply  with  Sections  Nos.  253,  257,  258 
and  2<j()  of  this  ordinance;  except  as 
herein  otherwise  provided  in  Section  274 
of    this    ordinance. 


Sec.  268.  Cast  iron  soil  pipes  oi-  cast 
iron  soil  fittings  used  in  either  waste  or 
vent  lines  shall  not  be  less  than  Stand- 
ard weight. 

Sec.  269.  No  pipe  or  fitting  shall  be 
installed  in  any  plumbing  work  whiih  is 
defective,  fractured,  or  split,  and  no  such 
piping  or  fitting  shall  be  repaired  with 
gas  fitters'  cement  or  other  similar  com- 
pound. 

Sec.  270.  Fixtures  connected  with  the 
plumbing  of  any  house  or  building,  or 
any  poition  of  ,the  plumbing  or  drainage 
system  that  is  covered  or  concealed  from 
view,  and  the  outlet  of  soil  pipe  and  ev- 
ery opening  into  it  below  the  top,  shall 
be  hermetically  sealed  by  the  person, 
firm  or  corporation  doing  the  work,  and 
the  pipe  shall  then  be  filled  with  water 
to  the  highest  point  in  the  system.  Every 
leak  so  disclosed  must  be  repaired,  and 
every  defective  pipe  or  fitting  of  any 
kind  must  be  renewed  and  replaced  with 
sound    material. 

Sec.  271.  Connections  between  wrought 
iron,  steel  or  brass  piping  with  cast  iron 
piping  shall  be  leaded,  caulked  joint. 
Connections  between  iron  and  lead  piping 
shall  be  made  through  a  brass  ferrule  or 
brass  screw  nipple,  and  the  jointing  be- 
tween such  metals  shall  be  full  wiped 
joints.  All  traps  shall  be  cast  brass,  cast 
iron  or  lead.  Drawn  brass  traps  or  any 
traps  with  slip  connections  on  the  sewer 
side  of  such  traps  are  prohibited  from 
installation.  All  angles  or  extensions 
made  on  sewer  side  of  brass  traps  shall 
be  made  with  standard  threaded  pipe  and 
fittings,  slip  joints  or  soldered  ioints  on 
same  are  prohibited.  Connections  be- 
tween wrought  iron  or  steel  pipes  and 
cast  iron  fittings  when  the  internal  diam- 
eter of  the  fitting  is  larger  than  the 
external  diameter  of  the  pipe  to  be  con- 
nected thereto,  either  in  waste  or  vent 
pipe  connection,  all  such  connections 
shall  be  made  by  a  coupling  increaser 
screw  on  the  wrought  iron  or  steel  pipe 
before  being  caulked  into  the  hub  of  the 
cast  iron  connections,  so  as  to  prevent 
obstruction    in   waste   or  vent    pipe. 

Sec.  272.  Every  carriage  wash,  or  a 
cellar  drain  shall  be  trapped  by  a  sana 
trap  of  not  less  than  twelve  by  twelve 
by  twelve  inches,  and  constructed  of 
brick  and  cement,  or  vitrified  stone  pipe 
with  cement  bottom;  the  water  seal  of 
such  trap  shall  be  constructed  by  invert- 
ing its  waste  pipe.  Such  trap  need  not  be 
vented.  A  water  seal  of  less  than  four 
inches  is  prohibited,  and  the  minimum 
size  of  waste  pipe  shall  be  three  inches, 
where    trap    is   not    vented. 

Sec.  273.  No  safe  waste  pipe  from  any 
fixture  shall  connect  with  any  waste  pipe 
or  sewer,  but  such  safe  waste  pipe  shall 
discharge  into  a  water  supplied  sink  or 
discharge   outside   of  building. 

Sec.  274.  Every  refrigerator  or  ice  box 
in  which  edibles  are  stored  or  kept,  and 
such  refrigerator  or  ice  box  is  provided 
with  a  waste  outlet  for  the  water  of  con- 
densation and  connected  to  a  waste  pipe 
exceeding  three  feet  in  length  shall  be 
trapped  with  a  water  seal  trap,  and  the 
waste  piping  leading  therefrom  shall  be 
connected  so  that  the  water  discharges 
into  the  street  sewer  or  cesspool  as  fol- 
lows: the  lower  terminal  of  such  piping 
shall  discharge  into  a  water  supplied  sink 
or  hopper,  such  sink  or  hopper  shall  be 
connected  to  the  street  sewer  or  cesspool. 
Waste    piping    from    a   refrigerator   or   ice 


04 


box  may  be  installed  with  the  continuous 
vent,  that  is,  each  trap  need  not  be  re- 
vented.  Waste  piping  shall  not  be  smaller 
in  diameter  than  one  and  one-half  (IV2' 
inches.  All  fittings  installed  on  such 
piping  shall  be  as  provided  in  Section 
258  of  this  ordinance.  Provided,  that  re- 
frigerators in  dwelling  houses  need  not 
be  connected  with  a  sewer  or  cesspool, 
but  if  so  connected  shall  be  connected  as 
in    this    section    prescribed. 

Sec.  275.  No  brick,  sheet  metal  or  tile 
conduit,  or  chimney  flue  shall  be  used  to 
ventilate  any  water  seal  trap,  sewer, 
house  drain  or  other  waste  piping.  Rain 
water  conductors  or  any  conduit  for  rain 
water  shall  not  be  connected  with  anv 
house  sewer,  house  drain  or  other  waste 
piping  that  is  connected  to  the  street 
sewer  or  cesspool. 

Sec.  276.  No  water  closet  shall  be  in- 
stalled or  used  on  any  premises  or  in 
any  house  or  building,  unless  it  be  flushed 
with  water  contained  in  a  tank  holding 
not  less  than  four  gallons  of  water;  pro- 
vided, however,  that  a  Flusho-meter- 
valve  may  be  used,  which  would,  in  the 
opinion  of  the  Board  of  Public  Works, 
conform  to  the  requirements  of  this  or- 
dinance. When  the  water  supply  of  any 
building  is  not  sufficient  for  the  proper 
flushing  of  all  water  closets  and  urinals 
in  such  building,  the  Board  of  Public 
Works  may  order  the  erection  of  a  tank 
system  for  suppiyin-  water  to  such  clos- 
ets and  urinals  into  which  the  water  may 
flow  or  be  pumped. 

Sec.  277.  No  water  seal  trap  shall  be 
installed  with  a  water  seal  of  less  than 
one  and  one-half  HVz)  inches  and  ail 
such  traps  shall  be  set  true  to  their  seals. 
In  all  cases  where  the  total  t^i\  of  the 
waste  pipe  between  trap  and  vent  pipe 
exceeds  tne  diameier  of  such  waste  pipe, 
such  trap  shall  be  re-vented.  No  bell 
trap  of  any  type  shall   be  used. 

Sec.  278.  When  any  water  closet,  sink, 
bath  tub,  basin  or  other  fixture  main- 
tained in  any  house,  porch  or  building 
is  removed  and  replaced  with  another 
such  fixture,  or  other  fixture,  such  new 
fixture   shall  have   its   trap  vented. 

Sec.  279.  It  shall  be  unlawful  for  any 
person,  firm  or  corporation  to  cause,  suf- 
fer, allow  or  permit  the  exhaust  from 
any  engine,  or  the  blowofT  from  any 
boiler  to  be  connected  with  a  house  drain 
or  sewer. 

Sec.  280.  It  shall  be  unlawful  for  any 
person,  firm  or  corporation  to  maintain 
or  use,  or  permit  or  cause  to  be  main- 
tained or  used  a  privy  vault  or  cesspool 
on  any  premises  in  the  City  of  Los  An- 
geles if  a  public  sewer  exists  and  is 
ready  for  use  in  any  street  or  alley  on 
which   the   property   abuts. 

Sec.  281.  It  shall  be  unlawful  for  any 
person,  firm  or  corporation  to  use  or 
occupy,  or  lease  or  let  to  be  used  or  oc- 
cupied, any  building  oi-  part  thereof  to  be 
used  as  a  factory,  laundry,  tenement  or 
lodging  house  or  place  in  or  where  human 
beings  reside  or  work,  unless  such  build- 
ing is  provided  with  at  least  one  water 
closet  for  every  fifteen  occupants,  work- 
ers, employes,  or  residents  in  such  build- 
ing. 

Sec.  282.  Any  fixture  in  any  building 
(water  closets  excepted)  where  it  is  im- 
practicable on  account  of  any  structural 
features  to  conform  to  all  provisions  of 
this  ordinance,  such  fixtures  may  He 
trapped    with    drum    traps    or    any    other 


type  of  anti-syphon  tiap  without  re- 
venting  such  trap. 

Sec.  283.  Upon  the  renewal  or  altera- 
tion of  any  building,  or  upon  the  jnaking 
of  any  repairs  or  additions  thereto,  if  any 
ne'"'  nlumb^'ng  fixture  is  placed  in  such 
building,  either  In  the  original  or  in  the 
PI  ('  e  -epaired  or  adde  1  part  thereof. 
every  such  new  fixture  must  be  properl.\' 
connected  with  and  attached  to  the  waste 
pipes  in  the  original  parts  of  such  build- 
ing, and  if  any  fixtures  are  to  be  reset, 
either  in  the  old  or  new  part  of  sucli 
building,  then  both  such  original  and  such 
additional  fixtures,  and  any  altered 
plumbing  whatever  must  be  made  to  con- 
form in  all  respects  to  the  rules  an  1  reg- 
ulations prescribed  in  this  ordinance. 

Sec.  284.  All  plumbing  affecting  the 
sanitary  condition  of  any  building  or 
other  structure  located  within  the  boun- 
daries of  any  lot  shall  be  connected  with 
and  drained  into  a  public  sewer  when 
."iuch  sewer  is  constructed  and  available 
for  use  in  any  public  street,  alley,  right 
of  way,  or  other  public  place  abutting 
upon  said  lot.  Provided,  however,  the 
Board  of  Public  Works  may  issue  permit.s 
for  the  construction  and  maintenance  of 
cesspools  outside  of  Fire  Districts  Nos.  1 
and  2  whenever  in  the  judgment  of  said 
Board  it  is  found  to  be  impracticable  to 
connect  the  plumbing  installed  in  any 
such  building  or  structure  with  the  public 
sewer  by  reason  of  the  fact  that  such 
buildings  or  structuie  or  the  poit'on  there- 
of in  which  such  plumbing  fixtures  are 
installed  is  below  the  level  of  the  level  of 
the  public  sewer. 

Every  application  for  a  permit  to  con- 
struct and  inaintain  any  such  cesspool, 
by  reason  of  the  fact  that  such  building 
or  structure  or  the  portion  thei'eof  in 
which  such  plumbing  fixtures  are  in- 
stalled is  below  the  level  of  the  public 
sewer  shall  be  filed  with  the  Board  of 
Public  Works  and  shall  be  accompanied 
with  a  map  or  plan  showing  the  number 
and  location  of  the  plumbing  fixtures  to 
be  drained  into  such  cesspool. 

Every  building  or  structure  in  which 
any  plumbing  is  constructed,  erected  or 
maintained,  affetcing  the  sanitary  condi- 
tion of  such  building  or  structure,  which 
building  or  structure  is  situated  upon  a 
lot  which  does  not  abut  on  any  public 
street,  alley,  right  of  way  or  other  public 
place  in  which  a  sewer  is  constructed 
and  available  for  use,  the  plumbing  in- 
stalled in  such  building  or  structure  shall 
be  connected  with  and  drained  into  a 
cesspool,  situated  upon  the  same  lot  and 
constructed  in  accordance  with  the  pro- 
visions of  Section  28.5  of  this  ordinance. 
It  shall  be  unlawful  for  any  person,  firm 
or  corporation  to  use,  occupy  or  inhabit, 
or  cause  or  permit  to  be  used,  occuoied 
or  inhabited  as  a  dwelling,  any  building 
or  structure  in  which  any  plumbing  af- 
fecting the  sanitary  condition  of  such 
building  or  structure  has  been  installed, 
unless  such  plumbing  is  connected  witn 
and  drained  into  a  public  sewer,  if  such 
sewer  is  constructed  and  available  for 
use  on  any  public  street,  alley,  right  of 
way  or  other  public  place  abutting  upon 
the  lot  upon  which  such  building  or  struc- 
ture is  situated,  or  if  no  such  sewer  ha.'^ 
been  constructed  and  ready  for  use,  as 
aforesaid,  said  plumbing  shall  be  con- 
nected with  a  cesspool  situated  on  said 
lot. 


105 


Every  building  or  structure  situated 
upon  a  iot  which  abuts  upon  any  public 
street,  alley,  right  of  way  or  other  public 
place,  in  which  a  public  sewer  is  con- 
structed and  available  for  use,  which 
building  or  structure  is  occupied  or  in- 
tended for  occupancy  as  a  dwelling,  shall 
be  furrisherl  firrt  provided  with  at  leasi 
one  water  closet;  and  shall  be  connecteil 
with   and  dra.ned   into  such   public  sewer. 

No  connection  from  any  building  or 
structure  shall  hereafter  be  made  to  any 
public  sewer,  which  connection  or  any 
portion  thereof  shall  be  in,  under  or  upon 
any  lot  other  than  the  lot  on  which  such 
bui'dins:  or  structure  is  located. 

For  the  purpose  of  this  section,  "'a  lot" 
is  hereby  defined  to  be  any  piece  or  par- 
cel of  land  as  bounded,  defined  or  shown 
upon  the  latest  map,  plat  or  deed  record- 
ed in  the  office  of  the  County  Recorder  of 
Los  Angeles  Countj%  and  in  accordance 
"With  the  boundaries  cf  such  lot  as  bound- 
ed, defined  or  shown  upon  such  recorded 
map,  plat  or  deed,  upon  the  date  of  the 
application  for  a  sewer  connection:  pro- 
vided, however,  that  in  the  event  any 
building  or  structure  in  which  any  plumb- 
ing affecting  the  sanitary  condition  of 
said  building  or  structure  is  installed, 
covers  more  area  than  "a  lot,"  as  herein 
defined,  the  term  "lot"  shall  be  deemed 
to  be  and  include  all  such  pieces  or  par- 
cels of  land  upon  which  such  building  or 
structure  is  wholly  or  partly  located. 

Sec.  285.  No  cesspool  shall  be  con- 
structed nearer  than  four  feet  to  any 
boundary  line  of  the  lot  on  which  it  is 
located,  or  closer  than  five  feet  to  any 
building  used  as  a  dwelling.  In  case  such 
distance  cannot  be  obtained  froin  the  lot 
line,  building  or  structure,  such  cesspool 
shall  be  located  where  directed  by  the 
Board  of  Public  Works.  Every  cesspool 
shall  have  a  brick  or  wood  lining.  Every 
brick  lined  cesspool  shall  be  cylindrical 
in  form,  and  the  walls  of  such  cesspool 
shall  be  not  less  than  four  inches  in 
thickness.  All  brick  therein  shall  be 
whf^le  biiok  and  .«hall  be  laid  flatwise 
with  all  joints  flushed  solid,  except  that 
the  bottom  four  feet  thereof  may  have 
the  end  joints  spaced  one  half  inch  apart. 
The  trin  of  such  cesspool  shall  be  arched 
or  drawn  in  jug-shaped,  and  all  brick 
used  in  arching  said  top  shall  be  laid  in 
cement  inot-tar,  the  proportion  of  such 
mortar  shall  cons'st  of  one  part  cement 
to  two  of  clean  sharp  sand.  The  mini- 
mum internal  diameter  of  a  brick  lined 
cesspool  shall  be  not  less  than  3  feet  4 
inches,  and  not  less  than  ten  feet  deeo. 
Brick  lined  cesspools  of  greater  internal 
diameter  than  five  feet  shall  have  walls 
and  too  not  less  than  eight  inches  in 
thickness,  constructed  as  hereinabove 
provided.  Every  wood  lined  cesspool  shall 
have  one  2x4  redwood  post  at  each  cor- 
ner, and  the  lining;  of  every  such  cess- 
pool shall  be  constructed  of  redwood 
boards  not  less  than  one  inch  in  thick- 
ness and  not  less  than  six  inches  in 
width,  from  the  bottom  to  the  top  thereof. 
The  lining  of  each  such  cesspool  shall  be 
placed  on  the  outside  of  the  posts,  or 
between  the  posts  and  the  banks.  The 
top  of  every  such  cesspool  shall  be  built 
of  two  layers  of  not  less  than  2-inch 
redwood  plank,  laid  crosswise  with  close 
joints.  No  cesspool  having  a  wood  lining 
shall  be  smaller  than  four  feet  b.v  four 
feet,   or  less   than   ten  feet   deep,   internal 


measurement.  The  top  of  every  cesspool 
shall  be  at  least  two  feet  below  the  sur- 
face of  the  ground.  No  standpipe  or  vent 
pipe  opening  to  the  outer  air  shall  be 
connected  directly  to  any  cesspool,  but 
every  cesspool  shall  be  vented  through 
the  waste  pipe  leading  thereto. 

Sec.  286.  In  this  ordinance  the  term 
soil  pipes  appl'es  to  any  line  of  cast  iron 
or  wrought  iron  steel  pipe  receiving  the 
discharge  of  one  or  more  water  closets. 
The  term  waste  pipe  applies  to  anv  pipe 
receiving  the  discharge  from  any  fixture 
or  fixtures  other  than  water  closets.  The 
house  sewer  is  that  part  of  the  horizontal 
piping  beginning  twelve  inches  from  the 
exterior  wall  of  the  building  to  its  con- 
nection with  the  street  sewer  or  cesspool. 
The  house  drain  is  that  part  of  the  hori- 
zontal piping  of  a  house  drainage  svstem 
which  rece'ves  the  discharge  of  all  soil, 
waste  and  other  drainage  pipes  inside  the 
walls  of  any  building  and  conveys  the 
same  to  the  house  sewer  twelve  (12) 
inches  outside  of  the  exterior  wall  of 
such    building. 

The  term  vent  or  vent  pipe  applies  to 
any  pipe  provided  to  ventilate  a  system 
of  piping,  and  to  which  other  vents  may 
be  connected  to  prevent  trap  syphona.ge 
and  back  pressure.  A  top  fixture  is  de- 
fined as  one  whose  waste  inlet  at  the 
stack  is  uppermost  on  this  vertical  line 
of  pipe,  and  the  discharge  pipe  to  the 
inlet  shall  be  exclusive  of  any  other  waste 
entering  at  any  point  other  than  below 
its  level.  The  term  indirect  connection 
or  system  applies  to  any  line  of  waste 
pipe  that  is  not  connected  permanently 
to  the  house  drain  or  sewc,  but  dis- 
charges its  waste  into  a  hopper  or  other 
receiver  that  has  a  permanent  connec- 
tion through  the  house  drain  or  sewer. 
The  Durham  system  of  piping  applies  to 
any  system  of  wrought  iron  or  steel  pipe 
and  recessed  fittings.  The  fitting  must 
be  recessed  sufficiently  to  allow  for  the 
thickness  between  the  internal  and  exter- 
nal d'ameter  of  the  pipe,  which  forms  a 
shoulder  so  that  the  fitting  when  screwed 
on  the  pipe  should  make  up  to  this 
shoulder  in  the  fitting,  thus  forming  one 
continuous  bore  or  unobstructed  flow  for 
the   waste   water. 

Sec.  287.  It  shall  be  unlawful  for  any 
person,  flrm  or  corporation  to  commence 
or  to  do  or  cause  to  be  done,  or  to  con- 
struct or  cause  to  be  constructed,  or  to 
use  or  cause  to  be  used,  except  for  ser- 
vice pipes,  meter  and  meter  connections, 
any  gas  pipe  or  gas  fitting  or  to  make 
any  alterations  or  changes  or  additions 
to  any  gas  pipe  or  any  gas  fitting  in  any 
building  or  structure  or  any  portion 
thereof  in  the  City  of  Los  Angeles,  with- 
out first  obtaining  a  permit  from  the 
Board  of  Public  Works  so  to  do. 

Any  person,  firm  or  corporation  desir- 
ing a  permit  for  any  of  the  purposes 
enumerated  in  this  section,  or  a  permit 
for  the  inspection  or  testing  of  any  gas 
pipe  already  installed  in  any  building  or 
other  structure  in  said  city,  shall  make 
application  in  writing  to  the  Board  of 
Public  Works  giving  such  information  as 
said  Foard  may  require  on  blanks  to  be 
furnished  for  that  purpose,  and  if  it  ap- 
pears therefrom  that  the  work  to  be  per- 
formed thereunder  is  to  be  done  accord- 
ing to  the  regulations  contained  in  this 
oi-dinance  governing  the  construction.  In- 
spection and  testing  of  such  work,  a  per- 
mit shall  be  issued  upon  payment  of  the 


06 


fees  as  fixed  by  sub-section  "B"  of  Sec- 
tion   3   hereof. 

Sec.  288.  All  gas  fitting  work  done  un- 
der permit  shall  be  subject  to  the  in- 
spection and  tests  hereinafter  prescribed 
and  notice  must  be  given  to  the  Board 
of  Public  Works  by  the  person,  firm  or 
corporation  doing  such  work  or  causing 
the  same  to  be  done,  immediately  after 
said  work  is  ready  for  inspection.  Such 
notice  mu.?t  be  in  writing,  and  no  inspec- 
tion shall  be  made  by  the  Board  of  Pub- 
lic Works  until  such  notice  has  been  filed 
in  their  office  with  said  permit  number  at- 
tached. 

The  inspections  of  gas  fitting  work  done 
under  permit  shall  be  two,  viz:  A  first 
inspection  and  a  final  inspection;  except 
on  unconcealed  work,  such  as  stove  run 
or  fuel  run  of  pipe,  then  same  shall  be 
made  at  one  inspection,  first  and  final. 
The  first  inspection  shall  be  made  after 
all  the  piping  authorized  to  be  installed 
under  the  permit  shall  have  been  in- 
stalled, and  before  any  of  such  piping  has 
been  covered  or  concealed  or  any  fix- 
tures have  been  attached  thereto.  The 
final  inspection  shall  be  made  after  the 
piping  authorized  to  be  installed  under 
the  permit  is  in  place  and  has  been  cov- 
ered or  concealed.  This  inspection  shall 
include  the  application  of  an  air  pressure 
test  by  which  the  pipes  shall  be  subjected 
to  a  pressure  of  ten  pounds  to  the  square 
inch.  Up  to  the  time  of  the  first  inspec- 
tion all  work  must  be  uncovered  and 
convenient  for  examination.  All  inspec- 
tions shall  be  made  by  the  Board  of  Pub- 
lic Works  after  receipt  of  the  notice  here- 
inbefore mentioned.  All  the  necessary 
tools,  labor  and  assistance  for  the  re- 
quisite tests  in  such  inspection  shall  be 
furnished  by  the  person,  firm  or  corpora- 
tion having  control  of  the  work  to  be  in- 
•spected. 

Sec.  289.  When  upon  examination  by 
the  Board  of  Public  Works  it  appears 
that  any  gas  fitting  work  is  defective, 
either  in  construction  or  material,  the 
same  shall  be  altered  or  repaired  to  con- 
form to  the  regulations  set  forth  in  this 
ordinance. 

When  any  gas  piping  or  gas  fitting  for 
the  installation  or  alteration  of  which  a 
permit  has  been  issued  shall  be  found 
on  inspection  to  conform  to  the  rules  and 
regulations  provided  by  this  ordinance, 
the  Board  of  Public  Works  shall  issue  a 
certificate  of  inspection  certifying  that 
such  piping  or  fittings  have  been  inspect- 
ed and  found  to  comply  with  the  terms 
of  this  ordinance,  but  no  such  certificate 
shall  be  granted  until  such  piping  or  fit- 
tings, respectively,  are  found  to  conform 
to  said  rules  and  regulations.  It  .shall  be 
unlawful  for  any  person,  firm  or  corpora- 
tion to  use  any  gas  through  or  by  means 
of  any  piping  or  fittings  in  any  building, 
or  to  furnish  or  supply  gas  to  be  used 
through  or  by  means  of  such  pipes  or 
fittings  until  the  same  shall  have  been 
inspected  and  approved  by  the  Board  of 
Public  Works  and  the  certificate  herein- 
before provided  shall  have  been  issued 
therefor. 

Sec.  290.  The  following  rules  and  reg- 
ulations shall  be  deemed  to  be  the  stand- 
ard for  the  construction  and  installation 
of  gas  piping  and  gas  fitting  work. 

The  minimum  diameter  of  gas  piping 
installed  in  any  building,  the  number  of 
lineal   feet   and   the  maximum   number   of 


burners    allowed,    shall    be    Ln    conformity 
with    the    following    table: 

Length      Number 
Size    of    Pipe.  Allowed,   of  Burners. 

%   inch  (veitical  only)     1.')  feet  2 

1/2   inch  40  feet  8 

%   inch  80  feet  25 

1  inch  100  feet  45 
114  inch  150  feet  80 
11/2  inch                               250  feet          250 

2  inch  400  feet  500 
21/2  inch                               600  feet  900 

In  estimating  the  number  of  burners 
allowed  for  gas  piping,  each  outlet 
through  the  ceilings  of  stores,  parlors, 
dining  rooms,  offices,  public  halls  and 
looms  used  foi'  similar  purposes,  where 
it  is  intended  that  these  outlets  are  to 
supply  gas  for  illuminating  purposes  only, 
.shall   be  deemed   to  be   three   (.3)    burners. 

For  each  outlet  in  the  ceilings  of  bed- 
rooms, bathrooms,  toilet  rooms,  public 
halls,  pantries,  porches  or  bracket  lights, 
where  it  is  intended  that  these  outlets  are 
to  supply  gas  for  illuminating  purposes 
only,    allow    one    (1)    burner. 

To  determine  the  number  of  burners 
tor  heating  purposes  allow  three  (3) 
burners  for  each  gas  grate,  gas  log  or 
gas  heating  stove  or  appliance,  combina- 
tion boiler  and  water  heater  or  non- 
automatic  gas  water  heater  outlet;  ten 
(10)  burners  for  each  outlet  for  a  cook- 
stove   or   so-called  hot-plate. 

To  determine  the  number  of  burners 
for  automatic  or  automatic  thermal  gas 
water   heaters,    allow 

8   burners  for  each   V2"   outlet 

25   burners  for  each    %"  outlet 

45  •  burners   for  each   1"  outlet 

80  burners  for  each   l^^"  outlet 

250   burners  for  each   H^"   outlet 

500  burners  for  each   2"   outlet 

The  diameter  of  the  supply  pipe  tc 
every  such  automatic  or  automatic  ther- 
inal  gas  water  heater  .shall  not  be  re- 
duced in  size  from  the  meter  to  the  inlet 
for   the    heater. 

No  such  heater  shall  be  connected  to 
any  gas  pipe  outlet  smaller  in  diameter 
than  the  diameter  of  the  inlet  pipe  on  the 
heater. 

All  horizontal  pipe  shall  be  at  least 
one-half  (%)  inch  in  diameter,  except 
that  in  exposed  work,  three-eights  (%> 
inch  horizontal  pipe  for  a  single  light  may 
be  run  a  distance  not  exceeding  twentv 
(20)    feet. 

In  concealed  work,  where  practical,  all 
center  outlets  or  drops  shall  be  bent  in 
preference  to  drop  pipes,  with  straps  sol- 
dered thereto.  No  center  light  or  drop 
shall  be  of  a  smaller  diameter  than  one- 
half  (%)  inch.  Bracket,  fireplace  and 
stove  outlets  shall  be  bent  and  have  an 
offset  or  be  provided  with  bracket  elbows 
to  prevent  removal. 

Gas  grate  and  fireplace  outlets  must 
be  at  least  two  (2)  inches  clear  of  the 
finish  and  bottom  of  fire  basket.  No 
pipe  smaller  than  three-quarter  (%,)  inch 
shall  be  run  for  cooking  stoves,  hot- 
plates and  instantaneous  heaters.  Drop 
pipes  for  center  and  bracket  outlets  shall 
not  project  through  the  finish  of  ceiling, 
wall  or  partition  lines  more  than  one  (1) 
inch. 

All  gas  pipes  shall  be  well  secured  to 
the  building  and  shall  grade,  or  incline 
toward  the  ineter,  and  wherever  neces- 
sary, shall  be  provided  with  drip  pipes 
so  as   to  prevent  any  traps  or  depression 


07 


where  condensation  would  remain. 
Wherever  drip  pipes  are  used,  the  end  of 
such  drip  pipe  must  be  exposed  and  so 
arranged  to  be  easy  of  access.  Gas  pip- 
ing shall  not  be  filled  with  water  for  the 
detection  of  leaks,  nor  shall  gas  fitters' 
cement,  sealing  wax  or  any  similar  com- 
position be  used  for  the  stopping  of  leaks. 
Ko   union    joints    shall    be    used. 

All  gas  piping  inust  be  tested  under  an 
air  pressure  of  at  least  five  (5)  pounds 
to  the  square  inch.  Gas  fixtures  shall 
not  be  hung  or  attached  to  the  gas  pip- 
ing until  this  test  has  been  made. 

The  end  of  every  rise  pipe  must  be  lo- 
cated at  a  point  designated  by  the  board 
of  Public  Works,  but  in  no  event  shall 
be  terminated  under  any  stairway  of  any 
building. 

All  gas  meters  hereafter  installed  shall 
be  of  the  type  and  installed  in  conformitx- 
with  the  provisions  of  this  Ordinance 
elsewhere    prescribed. 

EVery  gas  heater  hereafter  installed, 
which  is  used  or  intended  to  be  used  for 
heating  of  water,  shall  be  connected  to 
its  gas  supply  with  iron  pipe  and  shall 
be  connected  to  a  vent  pipe  leaoing  to 
and  through  the  roof  of  the  building  and 
conform  to  the  other  regulations  else- 
where provided  by  this  Ordinance. 

Every  gas  grate,  gas  log,  gas  furnace 
oi'  gas  floor  or  wall  heating  appliance 
shall  be  installed  and  constructed  in  ac- 
cordance with  the  provisions  elsewhere 
fixed    bv    th's    Ordinance. 

[NOTE— SEE  ALSO  SEC.  82,  83  AND 
84.] 

Sec.  291.  If  the  T?oard  of  Public  Works 
shall  find  any  part  of  any  gas  pipe  oi- 
gas  fittings  in  or  about  any  building  in 
the  City  of  Los  Angeles  to  be  in  a  con- 
dition dangerous  to  life  or  property,  they 
shall  notify  the  owner,  tenant  or  occu- 
pant of  the  building  in  which  such  gas 
pipe  or  gas  fittings  are  located  to  have 
the  defects  repaiied  immediately,  and  to 
refrain  from  using  gas  by  means  of  said 
defective  pipe  or  fittings  until  the  same 
have  been  repaired  and  rendered  safe. 
The  Board  of  Public  Works  shall  have 
the  right  and  power  to  cause  the  supply 
of  gas  to  be  shut  off  until  the  necessary 
i-epairs  have  been  made.  The  Board  of 
Public  Works  shall  give  written  notice 
to  the  person,  firm  or  corporation  sup- 
plying gas  to  any  such  defective  pipes  oi- 
fittings  to  cease  the  supply  until  the 
necessary  repairs  have  been  made,  and 
it  shall  be  unlawful  for  any  person,  firm 
or  corporation  to  furnish  gas  for  use  in 
or  by  means  of  any  defective  gas  pipe  or 
fittings  after  receiving  such  notice  until 
the  necessary  repairs  have  been  made. 
Before  making  any  connection  to  supply 
gas  to  any  building  that  has  not  already 
been  supplied  with  gas  prior  to  the  tak- 
ing of  effect  of  this  ordinance,  the  person, 
film  or  cornorat'on  about  to  furnish  gas 
thereto  shall  ascertain  whether  a  certifi- 
cate of  inspection  has  been  issued  for  the 
gas  fitting  or  gas  piping  to  be  simnlied, 
and  for  that  purpose  may  demand  the 
production  and  exhibition  of  such  certifi- 
cate -by    the    owner,    tenant    or    occupant 


of  the  building  in  which  such  gas  piping 
or  gas  fitting  is  located  before  supplying 
gas   therefor. 

Sec.  299.  General  Penalty.  Any  person, 
firm  or  corporation  violating  any  of  the 
piovisions  of  this  ordinance  shall  be 
deemed  guilty  of  a  misdemeanor,  and, 
upon  conviction  thereof,  shall  be  punish- 
able by  a  fine  or  not  less  than  ten  dollars 
nor  more  than  five  hundred  dollars,  or  by 
imprisonment  in  the  city  jail  for  not  less 
than  five  days  nor  more  than  six  months, 
or  by  both  such  fine  and  imprisonment. 

Every  such  peison,  firm  or  corporation 
shall  be  deemed  guilty  of  a  separate  of- 
fense for  each  and  every  day  during  which 
any  building  erected,  constructed,  altered, 
repaiied,  raised,  built  upon,  demolished 
or  moved,  or  in  which  any  plumbing, 
house  drainage,  gas  piping  or  gas  fitting 
iias  been  installed,  or  sewer  or  cesspool 
constructed,  by  such  person,  firm  or  cor- 
poration in  violation  of  any  of  the  pro- 
visions of  this  ordinance,  continues  in 
such  condition,  and  for  every  day  during 
which  any  other  violation  of  this  ordi- 
nance by  such  person,  firm  or  corpora- 
tion continues,  and  shall  be  punishable 
therefor    as    herein    provided. 

Sec.  300.  That  Ordinance  No.  14,435 
(New  Series),  entitled  "An  Ordinance 
regulating  the  construction  and  installa- 
tion of  plumbing  and  house  drainage,  and 
the  installation  of  gas  piping  and  fitting 
and  providing  for  the  issuing  of  permits 
therefor,"  approved  April  1,  1907.  and 
Ordinance  No.  19,900  (New  Series),  en- 
titled "An  Ordinance  regulating  the  con- 
struction, alteration,  repairing,  demolish- 
ing and  maintaining  buildings  and  other 
structures  and  providing  for  the  con- 
demnation of  buildings  and  other  struc- 
tures dangerous  to  property,  life  or  limb," 
approved  March  17,  1910.  and  al'  o'-di- 
nances  amendatory  thereto  or  thereof, 
and  all  other  ordinances  in  conflict  with 
th's  o'"dinance  be  and  the  same  are  here- 
by repealed;  provided,  that  any  such  re- 
peal shall  not  affect  or  prevent  the  prose- 
cution and  punishment  of  any  person,  firm 
or  corporation  for  any  act  done  or  per- 
mitted in  violation  of  any  ordinances 
which  may  be  repealed  by  th's  ordinance, 
and  shall  not  affect  any  prosecution  or 
action  which  may  be  pending  in  anv  court 
for  the  violation  of  any  ordinance  re- 
pealed   by    this    ordinance. 

Sec.  301.  The  City  Clerk  shall  certify 
to  the  passage  of  this  ordinance  by  a 
unanimous  vote  and  cause  the  same  to 
be  nub'i^hed  once  in  The  Los  Angeles 
Daily  Journal. 

T  hereby  cei'tify  that  the  foregoing  ordi- 
Pf>nce  wa?  passed  by  the  Council  of  the 
■  City  of  Los  Angeles  by  the  unanimous 
vote  of  all  the  members  of  saii  Council 
present,  there  being  not  less  than  seven 
members  present,  at  its  meeting  of  No- 
vember  13,    1913. 

CHAS.    L.    MriT^DE, 

City    Clerk. 

Approved  this  13th  day  of  November, 
1913. 

H.  H.  RO'^R, 
12 — 2   It  Mayor. 


08 


[l][lll][n][n][n][nl[n][g] 


THE  BRICK  WORK  IS  THE  MOST 
PERMANENT  PART  OF  A  BUILD- 
ING ;  THEREFORE,  MAKE  A  WISE 
SELECTION.  WE  HAVE  SPE- 
CIALIZED IN  THE  MANUFAC- 
TURE OF  FACE  BRICK  FOR 
THIRTY  YEARS,  AND  OFFER  A 
LARGER  VARIETY  THAN  ANY 
PLANT  IN  THE  UNITED  STATES. 
ROOFING  TILE,  HOLLOW  TILE, 
MANTLE  AND  QUARRY  TILE 
ARE  AMONG  OTHER  PRODUCTS 
MADE  POPULAR  THROUGHOUT 
THE  STATE  BY  THE 

LOS  ANGELES  PRESSED  BRICK  CO. 

400-414  Frost  Bldg.       Main  502 ;  60489 


[n][n][n][g]|n][n]|nl[n][l] 


09 


Index  to  Building  Ordinance 

(Does    Not    Include    Plumbing   or  Gas    Piping    Index.) 


Section 

Alterations — Existing     Buildings    191 

Hospitals     53 

Anchors,    size    of   104 

And    Ties,    steel   girders 103 

Apartment     Houses    55-56 

Also  must  be  built  according  to  State 
Tenement  House  Law.  Copies  can  be 
obtained  at  office  of  Building  Depart- 
ment. 

Appeal    for    Arbitration    194 

Appendages   and    Cornices — 

I'onstructlon    134 

Arbitration    194 

Arches     and     Lintels      107 

Architects,    licensed,   required  174a 

Areas    of    Floors    Allowed 164 

Artificial    Stone    172 

Asylums,    construction    53 

Asylums,    altering    same    54 

Awnings,    where    unlawful    145 

.Vwnings,    construction   153a-153 

Bakery,     Oven     Flues    92 

Balcony    Projections    152 

Basement — 

Proporti   and   mixing  174 

Sprinkler    system    166 

Stairways    197 

Under    sidewalks    150 

Bay     Windows 152 

Beams — 

Capacity  loads,   wood  106 

Floor   106 

Wood,    not  support  masonry 107 

Bond — 

Bond -irons    105 

Brickwork     121 

Plates  on  masonry  piers Ill 

Pressed    brick    facing 123 

Veneering'    brick    125 

Boiler    Rooms — 

Churches,    etc 58 

Construction,   general   89 

Outside    fire   districts    90 

In   woodworking  plant   91 

Brick — 

Bond 121 

Facing    , 123 

I  'ressed     123 

Underpinning   walls   110 

Veneering   on    frame    125 

Buildings — General — 

Classes   in   flie   districts 7-145 

Damaged   by  fire  192 

Damaged  by  wear  and  tear 192 

Dangerous    193 

Demolition    148 

Masonry,   thickness  of  walls 112-114 

Measurements    of    139 

Ile-roofing    in    fire    districts 192 

Terra   colta,    outside   fire   district 52 

Reinforced    concrete    174  to  190 

Canopy— Metal 153a-153 

Canopy    Over   Sidewalk    151 

Ceilings — Stores     147 

Cellar    Wall    43 

Cement — 

Definition    of   Portland    175e 

Kind    permitted    176 

Testing     176 

Chimneys — 

I'.reasts    furred    out    120 

Construction     of    92 

Cupola   in   foundry   92 

Offsets    92 


Terra   cotta 92 

Churches — Seats    and     Exits    58 

Class  "A,"  Steel   Frame — Sees.  8  to  19. 

Columns,    granite   or   marble 9 

Construction   of   8 

Cornices     19 

Definition   of   8 

Elevator    enclosures    14 

Exterior   light   courts    9 

Exterior    structural    parts    12 

Facing — granite    or    marble 9 

Filler    walls    11 

Fireproofing — iron    or    steel    15 

Floor    areas    164 

Floor   construction   13 

Height    8 

Interior    construction    14 

Interior   light   courts   14 

Party   walls   10 

Reinforced  Concrete — 

See    "Reinforced   Concrete." 

Roofjs — construction    of    17 

Staiiways    16 

Skylights     18 

Walls — exterior    9 

Class  "B"   Buildings — Sees.  20  to  29. 

^\nchors,    ties,    stirrups    104 

Bridging,    fire    stops,    etc 23 

Cornices     134 

Construction   of   20 

Courts    26 

Definition    of   20 

Elevators,    chutes   25 

Fireproofing,    structural    metal    21 

Floor    areas    164 

Floor   construction   22 

Height    20 

Metal  lath  and  plaster  21 

Roof,    construction    of  27 

Roof  partitions,    spaces   29 

Skylights     28 

Stairways    24 

Wall,    exterior   thickness   of 112-114 

Class  "C"   Buildings — Sees.  30  to  39. 

Anchors,    ties,    stirrups  104 

Bridging  and  fire  stops   31 

Ceilings,    basements   and   cellar 31 

Construction   of   31 

Cornices     131-38 

Cornices,   non-combustible   131 

Courts     32 

Definition    of   30 

Elevator  shafts,   chutes  36 

Floor   areas    164 

Floors,    construction   of   33 

Floors,    terra   cotta   blocks 34 

Height    30 

Increasing  height   117 

Light   courts    32 

Metal    lath   and   plaster   31 

Partitions,    hollow    terra    cotta 34 

Roof,    construction   of   37 

Roof    spaces    38 

Skylights     39 

Staiiways 35 

^^'alls,    exterior  thickness  of 112-114 

Class  "D"   Buildings — Sees.  40  to  51. 

Apartments    55-56 

Bracing  and   bridging  45 

Bridging,    solid  and   cross   45 

Cellar  walls,   thickness  and  fittings..     43 

Classification    of    41 

Construction    of   45-40 

Definition    of   40 

Elevator    shafts,    etc 48 


10 


ST.  LOUIS  FIRE  BRICK  &  CLAY  COMPANY 

FIRE  BRICK 
FIRE  CLAY  PRODUCTS 

If    it's    "FIRE    BRICK"    we    have    it.       Shapes    of   any    kind    made    to    order 

2464   E.    Ninth  Street 

Phones:    Bdwy.  6214 — F4218  LOS  ANGELES,  CAL. 


Bdwy.    778 


F-5202 


LISTENWALTER  &  GOUGH,  Inc. 


328    E.    Third    St.,    Los    Angeles 


JOBBERS  OF 
ELECTRICAL 
SUPPLIES 


m 


SPECIALTIES  IN 

STREET  LIGHTING 
SUPPLIES 


"EVERREADY"  MATERIAL  FIRE  EXTINGUISHERS 


EVERYTHING^ 
FOR 


YOUR 

BUILDING 


9 -AND 

MAPLE 


WHITINGS 

BEST    FOR    LESS 


[A 


11 


Factories,    special    pi'ovisions    51 

Fire   stops,    plates,    etc 45 

Floor   construction    46 

Foundation,    concrete  mixture   190 

Foundation  ftgs.,  depth,  height,  etc.     42 

Frame   building   foundations   42 

Height    40 

Hotels     55-56 

Corridors    under    stairs    56 

.Joists    and    mudsills    106 

Masoni-y,    non-supporting  walls 44 

Hoof  spaces  50 

Sheathing,    adjacent   to    buildings 45 

Sheathing,    exceeding    3   stories 40 

.Sheathing    for    veneering    125 

Skylights   49 

Stairways    47 

Timber  details   106 

Walls,    masonry,    cellar    43 

Walls,    dwellings   112 

\¥alls,    foundations,    size   42 

Wall.s,    non-supporting   44 

Walls,    tei'ra   cotta    52 

Cold    Storage    Buildings    200 

Communicating    Openings   141 

Concrete — 

Artificial    stone    173 

Construction,    Sec.    174  to   183 174 

Foundation    mix    190 

Proportions  and  mixing 174 

Reinforced,    Sees.    174   to   183 174 

Condemnation     191 

Cornices — 

Appendages   and    134 

Class    "A"    buildings   1!) 

Class    "B"    buildings    134 

Class   "C"   buildings  134-38 

Construction    of    134 

Definition    of    Terms    6 

Demolition   of  Buildings  14N 

Division    Walls       115-115 

Doors,    Fire    141 

Fire    resisting    141 

Sash    doors    162 

Drainage  of  Roofs  133 

Drying    Rooms    88 

Dwellings,    Masonry    Walls   112 

Dwellings,    terra    cotta    blocks 52 

Elevator  Shafts — 

Class    "A"    buildings    14 

Class    "B"    buildings    25 

Class    "C"    buildings    36 

Class    "D"    buildings   48 

Enclosures    14 

Freight     25 

Excavations,    Retainina    Wall    108 

Excavations,    Lateral    Support   126 

Factories,   Construction    of   57 

Factoiy    staiiways    47 

Fees  for  Permits 39 

Fire    Districts — 

Altering    buildings    in    191 

Building   damaged  by  fire 192 

Class    of    buildings    permitted 7 

Outbuildings,    tents,    sheds   145 

Moving   buildings    in    191 

Fire   Doors  and  Shutters   Required 141 

Fire    Doors    142 

Fire    Escapes — Sees.    154  to   163. 

Construction     of    157 

Cornice,   opening  for  157i 

Exits    to    157n 

B'loor  areas,   in  relation  to 155 

Goose    neck    ladder    157h 

Hallways    to    156 

Lowest    balcony,    height    of 157e 

Badders,  first  story  157j 

Ladder  to  roof 157h 

T^ocation    of    156 

Optional    type    159 

Optional   balcony  158 


Construction,   Class   "C"   buildings...     33 

Furnaces    83 

Hollow  terra  cotta  34 

Intermediate    203 

Obstructions    to   163 

Passageways  to  162 

Painting  and  finishing  1571 

Permits    for    161 

llequii'ed   and   not   required   154 

Signs    and    lights    to    162 

Smoke    tower    160 

Stairways,  first  story  157j 

Tests    of    _ 157m 

Towers 160 

Fireplaces     81 

Fireproofing — 

Steel   girders   102 

.Structural   metal.   Class  "A"   15 

Class    "B"    buildings    21 

Fire    Walls    118 

Floor — 

Areas    164 

Beams,    headers,    etc 106 

Constiuction,   Class   "A"   13 

Construction,   Class   "B"   buildings....     22 

Joists 106 

Span    106 

Lights,    construction   of  140 

Loads    130 

Mezzanine     203 

Warehouses    131 

Flues — See   "Chimneys.'' 

Foundation — 

Concrete    mix    178 

Footings,    reinforced    concrete    177 

Depth,    standard    127 

AValls,    Class    "A,"    "B,"    "C"    109 

Walls,   Class   "D"    buildings   42 

Freight    Elevator   Shafts   25 

Furnaces,    Floor   and    Wall    83 

Furnaces,     Heating     85 

Gas    Furnace    85 V^ 

Pipes,   boxes,    etc 87 

Rooms 85 

Gas    Water    Heater 82 

Furred    Chimney    Breasts,   Walls 120 

Galleries,     Churches     (Also    see    The- 
aters)          5S 

Garages     _ ., _ - 143 

(Also  see  Special  Ordinance  on  Ga- 
rages.) 

Gas,    Grate,    Log,    Vents    83 

Heater    vents    '. 82 

Meters    84 

G'as    Furnace   _ 85*^ 

Girders,    Steel,    Fireproofing    102 

(See   also    "Beams.") 

Gypsum    Blocks    341^ 

Halls— 

Hallwa.Ns  to  fire  escapes 156 

(Obstructing    same    163 

Public    hails   58 

Heating    Apparatus,    Notice    of 86 

Height- 
Buildings,  Class  "A"  8 

Class   "B"   20 

CAa.ss   "C"   30 

Class   "D"   40 

Factories     57 

Hotels,   Apts.,  etc.  Also  Sec.   56 55 

Hospitals,   asylums,    etc .' 53 

Reinforced    concrete ~t 

Stories,    walls 137 

Ttrra    cotta    walls    188-52 

Hollow    Blocks — 

(Concrete     173 

Construction    188 

Gypsum 341^ 

Terra  cotta  buildings  188-52 

Chimneys    92 

Floors  and   partitions  '. 34 


Tests    of    188 

For   flreproofing    15 

Hospitals — 

Altering    .  _ 54 

Construction   of   53 

Hotels- 
Construction    55 

(Also   see   State   Hotel  and  Lodging 
House   Law.) 

Corridors    and    stairways    56 

Metal   lath    and    plaster   56 

Inspectors,    Hindrance,    Interference...  196 

Intermediate    Floors  _ 203 

Joists,     Bearing    105 

Joists,    Floor   Span   106 

Lights,     Floor    140 

Lintels   and    Arches   _ 107 

Lodging     Houses    55 

(Also   see   State  Hotel  and   Lodging 
House   Law.) 
Loads — 

Factories   131 

Floor  and  roof  130 

Mezzanine  floor  203 

Intermediate    floor    203 

Masonry     129 

Warehouse   floors    _ 131 

Soils,    bearing   capacity   128 

Masonry — (See    Class    "A"    Buildings, 
etc.) 

Piers,  bond  plates  Ill 

Retaining    walls    108 

Arches  and   lintels   130 

Underpinning  walls   110 

Foundation    walls,    dimensions   109 

Thickness  outer  walls  112 

Exterior   walls    114 

Party  or  division  walls  115 

Reduced   thickness   114 

Existing  party  walls  113 

Fire  walls  118 

Increas'ng  height.   Class  "C"   117 

Bond    in    brickwork    121 

Bond  joints,    facing  brick   123 

Care   of  wall   in   construction   122 

Veneering,   also   Sec.   125   „ 124 

Recesses    in    walls    119 

Furred   walls  !'>.() 

Safe    loads    129 

Materials,    Weights    of    132 

Measurements   of  Buildings   139 

Metal    Lath    201 

Mezzanine    Floor  _ 203 

Mudsills,    Frame    Buildings    106 

Outbuildings,    Tents,    Sheds   145 

Partitions,    Wood,   etc 116 

Party   Walls,   Thickness  115 

Existing     113 

Penalty   for   Violation    299 

Permit — 

Fees    for    „ 3 

Double     fees   3 

How  obtained 2 

When    necessary    2-5 

Expires  when   5 

Revocation    195 

New    pe'-mit    needed    195 

Pipes — (See   also   "Stand   Pipes.") 

Basement  inlets  171 

In   columns  or  girders   101 

In    walls    100 

Plans    and    Specifications — 

Concrete    construction    174 

Fire    escapes   154 

Modification    of    2-3 

Stamped,    filed;    not  approved 2 

When    necessary   2-3 

Plaster    Board    „ 202 

Pressed    Brick    Facinq    123 

Projections,    Balconies,    etc 152 

Public    Halls    58 


Recesses    in    Walls   119 

Reduced    Thickness,    Brick    Walls 114 

Reinforced    Concrete    Construction — 
Sees.   174  to  190. 

Architect's    (licensed)   approval 174a 

Definitions    175 

Design — beams,  slabs,  columns  180 

Foundations,    concrete   for   190 

Forms     182 

Inspector    required    _.174c 

Load    tests    183 

Materials,   requirements  of  175 

Measurements   for   calculations 174b 

Mixing    178c 

Plans    required    174a 

Proportions    and    mixing  178 

Stresses     179 

Tests   of   cement  176 

Tests  of  steel  177 

Walls,    thickness   of   181 

Repairs,    Emergency    Notice    191 

In    fire   districts   191 

Retaining   Walls,   When    Required 108 

Review  ng    Stands,    Construction   of 144 

Unsafe    193 

Revoking     Permit    195 

Roofs,    Drainage,    Fire    Districts  133 

Roof     loads     _.  130 

Poof   structuT-es   135 

Sanitariums,    Construction    of    53-54 

Shifts,     Elevators,    Freight    25 

Sheds   and    Tents,    Fire    District 145 

Sidewill<,    Basement    Under   150 

Protection    and    scaffolding    151 

Use    of,    and    streets    149 

Sipns,    Lights  to    Fire   Escape 162 

(See  Special  Ordinance  on  Signs.) 
Skvlights — 

Ciass    "A"    buildings   _ IS 

Class    "B"    buildings   „ 28 

Class    "C"    buildings    39 

Class    "D"    buildings   49 

Smokehouses _ 97 

Smoke  Pipes,   Not  Permitted  92 

Smokestacks    92 

Sprinkler    System    _ 165 

Basement  sprinkler  system  _  166 

Soils,    Bearing   Capacity   of 128 

Stables     _ _ 146 

Terra   Cotta    Blocks  188-52 

Stairways  to    Basement  _ 197 

Theaters     68 

Cass    "A"    buildings    _ 16 

Class    "B"   buildings   24 

Class    "C"    buildings    _     35 

Class    "D"    buildings  _ 47 

Stands,    Reviewing,    Construction    of....  144 

Reviewing,    unsafe    193 

Standpipes,   Couplings   and    Fittings 168 

Interior,   number,   construction  170 

Location  and  number  169 

Outs'de,  number  and  construction....  167 

Water  connections  165 

Steam    Pipes    99 

Steel   Girders,   Flreproofing   102 

Stories,    Height   of    _ 137 

Stovepipes,    Not    Permitted    92 

Streets,    Use    in    Build'nq 110 

Structures,    Damaged  40  per  cent 192 

Tanks    _.  120 

Temporary   Covering,    Sidewalks   „  151 

Temporaf-y    Walks    and    Fences    149 

Tents,    Sheds,    etc „...  145 

Terra   Cotta    Blocks — 
(Pee   "Hollow    Blocks.") 

Chimneys    „ 92 

Hollow,    partitions  and  floors  34 

Tests     188 

Tests  of  Cement  _ 176 

Terra    cotta    blocks    52-188 


113 


Theaters — Sees.   59  to  80. 

(See    Special    Ordinance    on    Picture 
Theaters.) 

Aisles   and   seats   6!t 

Asbestos    curtain    64 

Axes  and   hooks  equipment...- 77 

Balcony    and    gallery    67 

Barrels,   buckets,   extinguishers   77 

Boiler    rooms,    heating   76 

Construction,    class    50 

Corner    lot,    spec,    requirements 61 

Dressing-  rooms,    partitions,   etc 65 

E'.ectric    wiring    77 

Entrance    foyer    67 

Existing    theaters    80 

Exits   and   exit   doors   70 

Exit   lights  74 

Exits  from  balcony,  galler-    72 

Exterior    walls    63 

Fire    department    supervision    78 

Fire    protection    77 

Floors,    stage    and   others 66 

Foyer  and  entrance,  width  67 

Foyer,    etc.,    capacity    62 

Foyer,  partitions,  door  in  67 

Frontage,    on   streets   required 60 

Gallery   fronts  71 

Gas   mains,    contract   of  77 

Gridiron,    construction    66 

Heating    apparatus   room   76 

License    for    performances   59 

Lights  over  exits   74 

Lodgings,  etc.,   not  permitted 75 

Partitions,  dressing  rooms  „.     65 

Part't'ons,   foyers  or  lobbies 67 

Passages,    courts,   unobstructed 60 

Pei-mitted  to  enter  any  time 79 

Property   room   75 

Proscenium  wall,   construction  64 

Seats,   construction  of  69 

Snrjnklev    system    77 

Stage  floor  66 

Stage  ventilation  73 

Stairways  from   balcony,  gallery 72 

Stairways,    inside    68 

Stairways,   constr.    and   landings 63 

Stairways,    stage   68 

Stand   pipes  and   hose   77 

Ventilation   of   stage   73 

Wainscoting  gallery  fronts  _ 71 

Windows    65 

Workshop,  property  or  store  room....     75 
Tenement    House   —    (Also    see    State 

Tenement   House  Law)    55 

Tile   Blocks  (?ee  "Hollow  Blocks")..52-188 

Timber    Details    _ —..  106 

Ties,    Steel    Girders    _ 103 

And    stirrups    104 

Trimmer    Arches    _ 107 

Towers,    Steel    Frame   _ 199 

Underpinning    Walls    110 

Unlawful    to    Alter    Plans   2 

To   begin    without   permit 196 

To   hinder  or   interfere 196 

To   do   work  after  stopped 195 

Violations    1 

Unsafe    Buildings    193 

Urinal    Ventilation    _ 138 

Use   of  Sidewalks  or  Street 149 

Veneering    124 

Bond    125 

Ventilation,    Churches,    Hails    58 

Uiinals,    water   closets   138 

Vents   for   Gas    Grates,    Logs 83 

For   gas    heateis    82 

Walks,    Temporary,    and    Fences 149 

Walls,    Masonry — 

(See  Class  "A,"   "B,"   "C"  buildings.) 
(See   "Reinforced   Concrete.") 

Care  of  in  construction  122 

Cellar,   frame   buildings   _ 43 


Conununicating   openings   in    141 

Curtain     11-181 

Dwellings,   thickness  of  112 

Fire    walls    _...  118 

Foundations,   "A,"   "P.."   "C"  109 

Foundations,    Class    "D"    42 

Furred    out    120 

Outer,    thickness  of   112 

Party  and  division  115 

Party,    existing    113 

Recesses   in    liij 

Reduced   thickness   114 

Reinforced    concrete,    thickness 181 

Retaining,   when   necessary   108 

Safe    loads    129 

Terra   cotta    34 

In  Are  districts  52 

Hollow  tile  blocks  188 

L^nderpinning  110 

Warehouses — 

Definition    1311/^ 

Floor  and  roof  loads  130 

Live  load   certificate  131 

Water  Closet,  Ventilation  138 

Water    Connections,    Stand    Pipes 168 

Weight    of    Materials   132 

Windows,    Fire    Exposure    „ 140 

Wood    Beam   Capacity   106 

Wood    Part  tions,   How   Permitted 116 

Woodworking  Plants,  Boiler  Rooms...  91 
NOTE:  See  State  Laws  for  Tenement 
Houses,  Hotels,  Lodging  and  Rooming 
Houses,  and  Dwelling  Houses,  or  any 
building  or  structure  on  same  lot.  See 
Special  Ordinances  for  Garages,  Moving 
Picture   Theaters,    Roof  Signs,   etc. 

BUILDING       ORDINANCE       INDEX       TO 
PLUMBING. 

Section 

Additional  work,   old  buildings 283 

Angle,   vent  pipe  to  waste  pipe 263 

Blowoff,    steam   boilers,    etc 279 

Capacity,    toilet    tanks    276 

Certilicate   of   inspection   _ 254 

Cesspool    connection    284 

(Construction    285 

Classification  of  fittings  _ 257-8 

Cleanouts,    lower    terminals,    vertical, 

lines    _ 256-8 

Concealed  work,   drains  259 

Connections,    several   kinds   of   piping„  271 

Rain   water  leaders   275 

Sewer  and  cesspool   284 

Construction,    defective   work _ 253 

Defective    work 253 

Remove  and   repair   _ 253 

Definition   of   terms   _  286 

Drain     pipes    259 

D'stance   from   building  259 

Fall,  fittings,  inspection  259 

Fall  on   sewers  259 

Fall    on    vents    262 

Fees  for  permits 3 

Fittings    257-8-9-269 

Flusho,   meter  valve  276 

Inspection    notice    for,    when 253 

Inspectors'    assistance    „  253 

Ob.structions,    remove   253 

Work   uncovered,    water   test   253 

Maintenance,    privy  vaults,   cesspools..  280 

Obstructions   to   be   removed 253 

Penalty  violations  299 

Permit,  plumbing,  necessary  2 

Permit,   fee.s  3 

How    obtained,    when    2-3-252 

When   not   nece.^sary  _ 3-252 

Refrigerator    waste    274 

Repairing  defective  pipe  and  fittings..  269 
Replacing    old    fixtures    278 


14 


Rules  and   regulations,   standard   255 

Running    trap,    house   drains   256 

Vent,    location,    cleanouts   256 

Safe    waste    273 

Sand    traps    272 

Sanitary    "T's,"    where    prohibited 258 

Sewer  and   cesspool   connections 284 

Sewer,    drain    pipes    259 

Soil  and  waste  pipe;,   under  or  inside 

building-    257 

Consti'uction,    material,    fittings   257 

"T's,"    sanitary    "T's"    258 

Test  and  testing  253-270 

Trapping  and  traps,  direct,  indirect 260 

Distance   of   trap  from  outlet 260 

Fixtures     260 

Vents   and  venting 256-262-264-265-266 

Violations,  penalty  29!i 

Water  closets,   etc.,   prohibited 261 

Tank    capacit.y    276 


Waste  piping,   angle,   etc 

Connections   to   special    fixtures- 
Water    supply    to    buildings    

Water  test  

Weight,    castiron    soil    

Yard   closets,   vent   


267 
282 
276 
253 
268 
264 


BUILDING       ORDINANCE       INDEX       TO 
GAS    PIPING. 

Section 

Automatic   heaters   290 

Bracket   outlets,    bent,    offset,    elbow....  290 
Burners,    number    allowed,    how    esti- 
mated      290 

Certificate  of  inspection,  when   issued  289 
Concealed    work,    center    outlets    and 

drops 290 

To  be   left  uncovered  foi'   inspection  288 

Cookstoves,    size  pipe   290 

Dangerous,   gas  pipe  and  fittings 291 

Defective,     construction,    material-289-291 

Depressions    290 

Drips     290 

Fees    3 

Fireplace  outlets  290 

Fixtures     290 

Gasfitters'    ceinent,    etc.,   prohibited 290 

Gas  fixtures 290 


Gas  furnace  vents   85i/^ 

Gas    grates,    logs,    vents    83 

Gas   heater  vents    82 

Gas    meters    84 

Gas    meters    prohibited    under    stair- 
ways,   etc 84 

Gas  pipe,   dangerous   291 

Gas   piping,    installation,    permit 2-3-287 

Inspection   notice,    how   given 288 

Gas  pipes,    size  of,  length   allowed 290 

Gas  not  to  be  supplied,  shut  off 291 

Grate    outlets 290 

Heaters,    automatic    '. 290 

Instantaneous 290 

Vents,  room  vents  82 

Hot  plates,    size   pipe   290 

Inspections,    nuinber    of,    when,    how 

made   288 

Inspection  certificate  289 

Instantaneous  heater,   size  pipe 290 

Length   and   size   pipe   allowed 290 

Meter  and  connections  287 

Notice   of   inspection   288 

Number   of   burners   allowed   290 

Pipe — See   Gas   Pipe — 

Penalty,   violations   299 

Permits    necessary,    how    obtained. .2-3-287 

Riser   pipes,    size,    location 290^ 

Rules    and    regulations 290 

Size   pipes,   length,    etc 290' 

Stove    outlets    290 

Test     290 

Traps,    depressions   290 

Union  joints  prohibited   290 

Unlawful  to  supply  gas  289 

Unlawful  to  use  pipes   289 

Vents,   gas  grates  and  logs 83 

Gas  water  heaters  82 

Bath  rooms,  and  closets  82 

Violations,     penalties    299 

Water   in   pipes  prohibited   290 

Work,  unconcealed  until  inspected 288 

NOTE:  See  also  Building  Ordinance 
for  Gas  Vents,  Standplpes,  Sprinkler  Sys- 
tems, Water  Closet  Room  Vents,  etc.  See 
also  State  Tenement,  Hotel  and  Lodqing 
House,  and  Dwelling  House  Laws.  See 
also  Ordinange  Regulating  the  Business 
of  Plumbing  and  Gas  Piping,  and  the 
Registration    of    Master   Plumbers. 


ED.     WESTBERG 
Plastering  Contractor 

527  E.  Ave.  39 

Office:   60608;  Main   6561.     Res.   East   879 


NATIONAL  CORNICE  WORKS 

(Incorporated) 

General  Sheet  Metal  Work 
MANUFACTURERS   OF   FIREPROOF   METAL   DOORS    &   WINDOWS 

Home   Phone  A  4118  1327   Channing   St.  Los  Angeles,    Cal. 


115 


State    i  enement  House  Act — 1917 


An  act  to  regulate  the  erection,  construc- 
tion, reconstruction,  moving,  alteration, 
maintenance,  use  and  occupancy  of  ten- 
ement houses,  and  the  maintenance,  use 
and  occupancy  of  the  premises  and  land 
on  which  tenement  houses  are  erected 
or  located,  in  all  parts  of  the  State  of 
California,  including  Incorporated  towns, 
incorporated  cities,  and  incorporated 
cities  and  counties,  and  to  provide  pen- 
alties for  the  violation  thereof;  and  re- 
pealing an  act  entitled  "An  act  to  regu- 
late the  building  and  occupancy  of  tene- 
ment houses  in  incorporated  towns,  in- 
corporated cities,  and  cities  and 
counties,  and  to  provide  penalties  for 
the  violation  thereof,  and  repealing  an 
act  entitled  'An  act  to  regulate  the 
build'n^  and  occupancy  of  tenement 
houses  in  incorporated  towns,  incoroo- 
rated  cities,  and  cities  and  counties, 
and  to  provide  penalties  for  the  viola- 
tion thereof,'  aoproved  Aoril  16,  1909, 
statutes  of  California  of  1939,  page  94S," 
aooroved  Aoril  10,  1911,  statutes  of  Cali- 
fornia of  1911,  pane  ?60,  and  aooroved 
June  13,  1913,  statutes  of  California, 
1913,  page  737,  and  aoproved  May  29, 
1915,  statutes  of  California,  page  952, 
and  all   acts  amendatory  thereof.  Ap- 

proved Msv  31.  1917.  In  effect  Seotem- 
ber  1,  1917.  Statutes  of  California  of 
1917,    page   1473. 

The   peoDle   of  the   State   of  California 
do   enact   as  follows: 
Title   of   act.      Jurisdiction. 

Sec.   1.     This  act  shall  be  known  as  the 
"   state  tenenient  house  act"  and  its  pro- 
visions   shall    apply    to    all    parts    of    the 
State  of  California,  including  incorporated 
towns,    incorporated    cities,    and    incorpo- 
rates cities  and  counties. 
Enforcement     of     act.       Building     depart- 
ment.     Health    department.      Housing 
deoartmen*.       Commission     of     Immi- 
gration   and    Housing. 
Sec.    2.     It   shall      be      the     duty   of   tne 
"buildins    department"    of   every   incorpo- 
rated town,   incorporated  city,   and   incor- 
porated   city    and    county,    to    enforce    all 
the    provisions    of    this    act    pertaining    to 
the  erection,   construction,   reconstruction, 
moving,     conversion,     alteration     and     ar- 
rangement of  tenement  houses  and  to  is- 
sue   the    certificate    of    "final    completion" 
hereinafter  provided. 

It  shall  be  the  duty  of  the  "housing 
department"  or  if  there  is  no  housing  de- 
partment the  health  department  of  every 
incorporated  town,  incorporated  city,  and 
incorporated  city  and  county  to  enforce 
all  of  the  provisions  of  this  act  pertain- 
ing lo  the  maintenance,  sanitation,  ven- 
tilation, use  and  occupancy  of  tenement 
houses  after  said  tenement  houses  have 
been  erected,  constructed,  or  altered,  as 
the  case  may  be,  and  the  certificate  of 
"fin^l  completion"  has  been  issued  by  the 
building  department,  and  to  issue  the 
"permit  of  occupancy"  as  hereinafter  pro- 
vided. 

In  the  event  that  there  is  no  building 
department   or  no  housing  department   or 


health  department  in  an  incorporated 
town,  incorporated  city  or  incorporated 
city  and  county,  it  shall  be  the  duty  of 
the  officer  or  officers  who  are  charged 
with  the  enforcement  of  ordinances  and 
laws  regulating  the  erection,  construction 
or  alteration  of  buildings,  or  the  main- 
tenance, sanitation,  ventilation  or  occu- 
pancy of  buildings,  or  of  the  police,  fire 
or  health  regulations  in  said  incorporated 
town,  incorporated  city  or  incorporated 
city  or  county  to  enforce  all  of  the  pro- 
visions of  this  act. 

In  every  county  it  shall  be  the  duty 
of  the  officer  cr  officers  who  are  charged 
with  tlie  enforcement  of  ordinances  or 
laws  regulating  the  erection,  construction 
or  alteration  of  buildings,  or  of  the  main- 
tenance, sanitation,  occupancy  and  ven- 
tilation of  buildings,  or  of  the  police,  fire 
or  health  regulations  in  said  county,  to 
enforce  all  of  the  provisions  of  this  act 
oi'tside  of  the  limits  of  any  incorporated 
town   or   incorporated   city. 

Every  incorporated  town,  incorporated 
city,  or  incorporated  city  and  county  in 
the  State  of  California  shall  have,  and  it 
is  hereby  empowered  and  given  author- 
ity to  designate  and  charge  by  ordinance 
any  other  department  or  officer  than  the 
department  or  officers  mentioned  herein, 
with  the  enforcement  of  this  act,  or  any 
portion   thereof. 

The  commission  of  immigration  and 
housing  of  California  shall  have,  and  it 
is  her.^by  empowered  and  given  authority 
to  enforce  the  provisions  of  this  aci, 
which  do  pertain  to  the  actual  erection, 
construction,  reconstruction,  moving, 
alteration  or  arrangement  of  tenement 
houses  in  all  incorporated  towns,  in- 
corporated cities  and  incorporated  cities 
and  counties,  and  counties  in  the  State 
of  California,  whenever  said  commission 
finds  or  discovers  a  violation  or  violations 
of  the  provisions  of  this  act  and  notifies 
the  local  department  or  officer,  or  de- 
partments or  officers  who  are  charged 
with  the  enforcement  of  the  provisions  of 
this  act.  in  writing,  of  such  violation  or 
violations,  and  the  said  local  department 
or  officer,  or  departments  or  officers,  fail, 
neglect  or  refuse  to  enforce  the  provisions 
of  said  act  within  thirty  days  thereafter: 
Iirovided.  however,  that  the  said  commis- 
sion of  immigration  and  housing  of  Cali- 
fornia shall  enforce  the  provisions  of 
this  act  onlv  in  ttie  instances  specified 
in   said   written   order. 

Matters      declared      unlawful.        Nuisance 
forbidden. 

Sec.  3.  It  shall  be  unlawful  for  any 
person,  firm  or  corporation,  whether  as 
owner,  agent,  contractor,  builder,  archi- 
tect, engineer,  superintendent,  foreman, 
pluml>er,  tenant,  lessee,  lessor,  occupant, 
or  in  any  other  capacity  whatsoever,  to 
erect,  construct,  reconstruct,  alter,  build 
upon,  move,  convert,  use,  occupy  or 
maintain,  or  to  cause,  permit,  or  suffer  to 
be  erected,  constructed,  reconstructed,  al- 
tered, built  upon,  moved,  converted,  used, 
occupied  or  maintained  any  tenement 
house  or  any  portion   thereof  contrary  to 


the  provisions  of  this  act,  or  to  commit 
or  maintain  or  cause  or  permit  to  be  com- 
mitted or  maintained  any  nuisance  in  or 
upon  any  tenement  house  or  any  portion 
thereof,  or  any  of  the  premises,  yards, 
or  courts  which  are  a  part  thereof,  or 
which  are  required  by  the  provisions  of 
this  act;  or  to  do  or  cause  to  be  done,  or 
to  use  or  cause  to  be  used,  any  privy, 
sewer,  cesspool,  plumbing  or  house  drain- 
age affecting  the  sanitary  condition  of 
any  tenement  house  or  any  portion  there- 
of, or  of  the  premises  thereof,  contrary  lo 
any  of  the  provisions  of  tliis  act. 
Alterations  and  reconstruction  to  con- 
form. 

Sec.  4.  It  sliall  be  unlawful  for  any 
person  to  make  any  alterations  or 
changes,  or  reconstruction  worli  of  any 
kind  whatsoever,  to  any  tenement  house 
erected  prior  to  the  passage  of  this  act, 
or  to  any  tenement  house  liereafter  erect- 
ed, or  to  increase  the  height  or  the  per- 
centage of  the  lot  occupied,  in  any  man- 
ner which  would  be  inconsistent  with 
any  of  the  provisions  of  this  act,  or  in 
violation  of  the  said  provisions  of  this 
act,  or  in  any  manner  to  diminish  the 
size  of  the  yards,  courts  or  shafts  or  the 
size  of  windows  or  skylights,  or  to  re- 
move any  stairway  or  fire  escape,  or  to 
obstruct  the  egress  from  such  building  or 
from  the  hallways  or  stairways,  or  to  do 
anything  that  would  effect  the  ventilation 
and  sanitation  of  the  building,  contrary 
to  any  of  the  provisions  of  this  act. 
Converted  or  moved  building  to  comply. 
House  damaged  more  than  51  per 
cent. 

Sec.  5.  A  building  not  erected  for,  or 
which  is  not  used  as  a  tenement  house 
at  the  time  of  the  passage  of  this  act,  if 
hereafter  converted  to  or  altered  for  such 
use,  shall  thereupon  becoine  subject  to  all 
of  the  provisions  of  this  act  affecting 
tenement   houses   hereafter   erected. 

A  building  used  as  a  tenement  house 
at  the  time  of  the  passage  of  this  act.  If 
moved,  shall  be  made  to  conform  to  all 
of  the  provisions  of  this  act  affecting 
tenement  houses  hereafter  erected,  in  so 
far  as  they  pertain  to  the  percentage  of 
lot  occupied,  and  the  size  of  outer  courts, 
inner  courts  bounded  by  a  lot  line,  and 
yards. 

It  shall  be  unlawful  to  reconstruct  any 
tenement  house  which  is  hereafter  dam- 
aged by  fire  or  the  elements  to  an  extent 
in  excess  of  fifty-one  (51)  per  cent  of  its 
physical  proportions,  unless  the  said 
building  is  made  to  conform  to  all  of  the 
provisions  of  this  act  affecting  tenement 
houses  hereafter  erected. 
Violation  of  act  a  misdemeanor.  Pro- 
cedure. 

Sec.  6.  Any  person,  firm  or  corpora- 
tion violating  any  of  the  provisions  of 
this  act  shall  be  deemed  guilty  of  a  inis- 
demeanor,  and  upon  conviction  thereof 
shall  be  punishable  by  a  fine  not  exceect- 
ing  five  hundred  dollars,  or  by  imprison- 
ment in  a  county  jail  not  exceeding  six 
inonths,  or  by  both  such  fine  and  impris- 
onment, and  in  addition  to  the  penalty 
therefor,  shall  be  liable  for  all  costs,  ex- 
pense and  disbursements  paid  or  incurred 
by  the  department,  by  any  of  the  officers 
thereof,  or  by  any  agent,  employee  or 
contractor  of  same,  in  the  prosecution  of 
such  violation.  The  costs,  expense  and 
disbursements  by  this  section  providea 
shall  be  fixed  by  the  court  having  juris- 
diction of  the  matter. 

Except    as    herein    otherwise      specified, 


tile  procedure  for  the  prevention  of  vio- 
lations of  this  act,  for  the  vacation  or 
tenement  houses  or  premises  unlawfully 
occupied,  or  for  the  abatement  of  a  nui- 
sance in  connection  with  a  tenement 
house  or  the  premises  thereof,  shall  be  as 
set  forth  in  the  charter  and  ordinances 
of  the  mvmicipality  in  which  the  proce- 
dure is  instituted. 

Application  for  permit  to  erect,  convert, 
move  or  add  to  a  tenement  house. 
Statement  verified  by  oath.  Plans  filed 
in  duplicate.  Plan  of  lot.  Specifica- 
tions. Name  and  address  of  owner, 
architect  and  contractor.  Changes  in 
plans  to  be  approved.  Approved  plan 
on  work.  Nominal  alterations.  Revo- 
cation of  permit.  When  permit  ex- 
pires after  90  days. 
Sec.  7.  In  every  incorporated  town, 
incorporated  city,  and  incorporated  city 
and  county,  it  shall  be  unlawful  to  com- 
mence or  to  proceed  with  the  erection, 
construction,  reconstruction,  conversion, 
or  alteration  of  a  tenement  house,  or  to 
move  or  to  build  upon  a  tenement  house, 
or  to  convert  a  building  or  any  portion 
thereof  into  use  as  a  tenement  house, 
without  first  obtaining  a  permit  in  writ- 
ing so  to  do  from  the  department  charged 
with  the  enforcement  of  this  act.  Any 
person,  firm  or  corporation  desiring  sucn 
a  permit  shall  file  an  application  therefor 
witli  the  department  charged  with  the  en- 
forcement of  this  act.  Said  application 
shall  give  a  detailed  statement  in  writ- 
ing, verified  under  oath  by  the  person 
making  the  same,  of  the  erection,  con- 
struction, reconstruction,  moving,  con- 
version, or  alteration,  as  the  case  may 
be,  upon  blanks  or  forms  to  be  furnished 
by  the  said  department.  The  saia  appli- 
cation must  be  accompanied  with  a  full, 
true  and  complete  set  of  plans  of  the 
tenement  house  or  alteration,  or  work 
proposed,  as  the  case  may  be,  together 
with  a  set  of  specifications  describing  the 
materials  proposed  to  enter  into  the  con- 
struction of  the  proposed  work,  also  a 
plan  of  the  lot  on  which  such  building  is 
proposed  to  he  erected,  constructed,  re- 
constructed, converted,  altered,  or  moved, 
as  the  case  may  be.  Such  statement 
shall  give  in  full  the  name  and  address 
by  street  and  number  of  the  owner  or 
owners,  also  the  name  and  address  of  the 
architect  and  of  the  contractor,  if  there 
be  such  an  architect  or  contractor;  also 
shall  give  such  other  data  and  informa- 
tion as  in  the  judgment  of  the  depart- 
ment charged  with  the  enforcement  of 
this  act  is  deemed  necessary. 

The  affidavit  to  said  application  shall 
allege  that  the  plans  and  specifications 
are  true  and  contain  a  correct  description 
of  the  proposed  tenement  house,  lot  and 
proposed  work.  If  any  person  other  than 
the  owner  makes  such  affidavit,  such  per- 
son shall  not  be  recognized  except  that 
he  allege  in  his  affidavit  that  he  is  au- 
thorized and  empowered  by  the  said' 
owner  to  act  for  him  and  to  sign  the 
required  affidavit.  Said  department 
charged  with  the  enforcement  of  this  act 
shall  cause  all  such  plans,  specifications 
and  statements  to  be  examined,  and  if 
it  appears  that  they  conform  to  the  pro- 
visions of  this  act,  shall  then  issue  a 
permit  to  the  person  submitting  the  same. 
Said  department  may,  from  time  to  time, 
approve  changes  in  any  plans,  specifica- 
tions or  statements  previously  approved' 
b5'  it;   provided,  that  all  changes  when  so- 


17 


made  shall  be  in  conformity  with  the 
provisions  of  this  act.  Said  department 
shall  liave  the  power  to  revoke  or  can- 
cel any  permit  or  approval  that  it  has 
l)reviously  issued  in  case  of  any  refusal, 
failure  or  neglect  of  the  person  to  whom 
such  permit  or  approval  has  been  issued 
to  comply  with  any  of  the  provisions  of 
this  act,  or  in  case  any  false  statement 
or  misrepresentation  is  made  in  any  of 
the  said  plans,  specifications  or  state- 
ments submitted  or  filed  for  such  permit 
or  approval.  The  erection,  construction, 
reconstruction,  moving,  alteration  or 
conversion  of  any  such  tenement  house, 
as  the  case  may  l)e,  shall  be  made  in  ac- 
cordance with  the  plans,  specifications 
and  statements  submitted  or  filed  and 
for  which  the  permit  is  issued. 

A  true  copy  of  the  plans,  specifications 
and  other  information  submitted  or  filed, 
upon  which  a  permit  is  issued,  with  the 
approval  of  the  department  with  which 
they  are  filed,  stairiped  or  written  there- 
on shall  be  kept  upon  the  premises  of 
the  tenement  house  or  work  for  which 
llie  said  permit  is  issued,  froin  the  com- 
mencement of  the  said  building-  or  work 
to  the  final  completion  of  same,  and  shall 
be  subject  to  inspection  at  all  times  by 
])roper  authorities. 

The  department  charged  with  the  en- 
forcement of  this  act  may,  at  its  discre- 
tion, issue  a  permit  in  case  of  nominal 
alterations  or  repairs,  when  application 
is  made  therefor,  in  writing,  by  the  owner 
or  his  agent,  when  the  making  of  said 
nominal  alterations  and  repairs  do  not 
affect  any  structural  features  or  the  sani- 
tation or  the  ventilation  of  the  tenement 
house,  without  reciuiring  the  filing  of 
plans   or  specifications. 

The  issuance  or  granting  of  a  permit  or 
approval  by  the  department  charged  with 
the  enforcement  of  this  act  under  the 
authority  of  this  section  shall  not  be 
deemed  or  construed  to  he  a  permit  or 
an  approval  of  the  violation  of  any  of 
the    provisions   of   this  act. 

Every   permit   or  approval   which    is   is- 
sued    by     the     department     charged    with 
the    enforcement    of    this    act,    l)ut    under 
which     no     work    has    Ijeen     done    within 
ninety    days,    shall    expire    by    limitation 
and   a    new   permit    shall    l)e    obtained   be- 
fore the  work  may  Ije  done. 
"Certificate     of    Final     Completion"    from 
building    department      on      application 
therefor.      "Permit    of    Occupancy"    to 
be    obtained    from    health    department 
or     housing     department     on     written 
application.     Issued    In   duplicate. 

Sec.  8.  In  every  incorporated  town,  in- 
corporated city,  and  incorporated  city 
and  county,  it  shall  be  unlawful  to  occupy 
or  to  permit  to  be  occupied,  any  tene- 
ment house  hereafter  erected,  construct- 
ed, reconstructed,  altered,  converted  or 
moved,  as  the  case  may  be,  or  any  por- 
tion thereof,  for  human  halsitation  until 
the  issuance  of  a  "certificate  of  final 
completion"  and  a  "permit  of  occupancy" 
l)y  the  department  or  departments 
charged  with  the  enforcement  of  this  act. 

It  shall  also  l)e  unlawful  to  occupy  any 
existing  tenement  house  until  a  permit 
of  occupancy  has  lieen  issued  l)y  the 
department  designated  to  issue  such  per- 
mit. 

Every  permit  of  occupancy  shall  be  re- 
newed each  calendar  year  by  the  depart- 
ment designated  to  issue  the  said  permit; 
provided,  that  no  structural  alterations 
or  changes  have  occurred  since  the  issu- 


ance of  the  certificate  of  final  comple- 
tion; and  provided,  that  all  other  provi- 
sions of  this  act  have  l)een  compiled 
with. 

.\ny  person  desiring  a  certificate  shall 
file  a  notice  with  the  department  charged 
with  the  enforcement  of  this  act.  Said 
department  shall  cause  an  inspection  to 
be  made  of  the  said  tenement  house  or 
portion  thereof,  or  work  descrilsed  in  the 
said  notice,  within  ten  days  after  written 
application  therefor,  and  shall  issue  a 
"certificate  of  final  completion"  if  it  is 
found  that  all  the  provisions  of  this  act, 
regulating  the  erection,  construction,  al- 
teration or  moving,  as  the  case  may  be, 
have   been   complied  with. 

The  department  charged  with  the  en- 
forcement of  this  act  and  designated  to 
issue  the  permit  of  occupancy,  shall  is- 
sue the  said  "permit  of  occupancy"  upon 
application,  in  writing,  therefor  by  the 
owner  or  his  agent,  and  upon  the  filing 
by  the  owner  or  his  agent  of  such  state- 
ments or  records  required  by  the  depart- 
ment, after  the  "certificate  of  final  com- 
pletion" has  been  issued:  provided,  that 
no  violations  have  occurred  since  the 
issuance  of  the  certificate  of  final  com- 
pletion, or,  in  the  case  of  a  tenement 
house  erected  piior  to  the  passage  of 
this  act,  and  for  whicli  no  certificate  of 
final  completion  has  been  issued,  then  af- 
ter the  said  department  has  caused  an 
inspection  to  have  been  made  of  the  said 
tenement  house  and  has  found  that  all  of 
the  provisions  of  this  act  applying  to 
such  tenement  house  have  been  complied 
with. 

All  permits  and  certificates  shall  be 
made  in  duplicate  and  a  copy  shall  re- 
main on  file  in  the  department  issuing 
them. 

Any  tenement  house  hereafter  erected, 
altered,  converted  or  moved,  which  is 
occupied,  or  any  portion  thereof  which  is 
occupied  for  human  habitation,  prior  to  a 
"certificate  of  final  completion"  or  a 
"permit  of  occupancy"  lieing  issued,  shall 
l)e  deemed  a  nuisance,  and  the  depart- 
ment or  departments  charged  with  the 
enforcement  of  this  act  may  cause  it  to 
he  vacated  until  the  said  certificate  of 
completion  and  permit  of  occupancy  have 
been  obtained  in  accordance  with  the  pro- 
visions   of    this   act. 

When    and    by    whom    house    may    be    en- 
tered. 

Sec.  9.  The  department  or  departments 
charged  with  the  enforcement  of  this  act 
in  any  incorporated  town,  incorporated 
city,  incorporated  city  and  county,  or 
county,  ami  the  authorized  officers,  agents 
or  employees  of  such  department  or  de- 
partments, may,  whenever  necessary,  en- 
ter tenement  houses  or  portions  thereof, 
or  the  premises  thereof,  within  the  cor- 
porate limits  of  such  towns,  cities,  cities 
and  counties,  or  counties,  for  the  purpose 
of  inspecting  such  buildings,  in  order  to 
secure  compliance  with  the  provisions  of 
this  act  and  to  prevent  violations  there- 
of. 

The  members  of  the  commission  of  im- 
migration and  housing  of  California  and 
the  agents,  officers  or  employees  of  said 
commission  may,  whenever  necessary, 
enter  tenement  houses  or  portions  there- 
of, or  the  premises  thereof,  for  the  pur- 
pose of  inspecting  such  buildings  in  order 
to  secure  compliance  with  the  provisions 
of  this  act  and  to  prevent  further  viola- 
tions thereof. 

The  owner  or  his  authorized  agent  may. 


whenever  necessary,  enter  tenement 
houses,  or  portions  thereof,  or  the  prem- 
ises tliereof,  owned  by  him,  to  carry  out 
any  instructions  or  to  perform  any  work 
required  to  be  done  by  the  provisions  of 
this  act. 
Definitions. 

Sec.  10.  For  the  purpose  of  this  act, 
certain  words  and  phrases  are  defined  as 
follows,  unless  it  shall  be  apparent  rrom 
their  context  that  they  have  a  different 
meaning. 

Words  used  in  the  singular  include  the 
plural,   and   the  plural,   the  singular. 

Words  used  in  the  present  tense  in- 
clude  tlie  future. 

Words  used  in  the  masculine  gender 
include  the  feminine,  and  the  feminine 
the   masculine. 

Words  "building  department,"  "housing 
department,"  "health  department,"  "de- 
partment charged  with  the  enforcement 
of  this  act,"  "fire  commissioner,"  shall  be 
construed  as  if  followed  by  the  words, 
"of  the  incorporated  town,  incorporated 
city,  incorporated  city  and  county,  or 
county,"  as  the  case  may  be,  in  which 
the  tenement  house   is  situated. 

"Apartment"  is  a  room  or  suite  of 
rooms  which  is  occupied,  or  is  intended 
or  designed  to  be  occupied  by  one  family 
for  living  and  sleeping  purposes. 
"Approved"  as  applied  to  building  mater- 
ials, appliances  and  appurtenances. 

"Approved"  means  whatever  maLerial, 
appliance,  appurtenance,  or  other  matier 
meets  the  requirements  and  approval  of 
the  department  charged  with  the  enforce- 
ment of  this  act,  or  which  is  approved  by 
local  ordinance  of  the  municipality  in 
which  the  building  is  situated,  or  any  ap- 
pliance, appurtenance,  or  other  matter 
which  conforms  to  the  requirements  of, 
and  bears  the  approval  of  the  "national 
board  of  fire  underwriters";  provided, 
however,  that  no  such  material,  appli- 
ance, appurtenance,  or  other  matter  shall 
be  deemed  "approved"  for  use  where,  or 
in  such  a  manner  as  would  be  inconsist- 
ent with  the  intent,  or  specific  provisions 
of  this  act. 

Basements  defined.  Excavation  below 
curb  or  ground  level.  Basement  Is  a 
story. 

"Basement"  is  any  story  or  portion 
thereof  partly  below  the  level  of  the 
curb  or  the  actual  adjoining  ground  level, 
the  ceiling  of  which  in  no  part  is  less 
than  seven  feet  above  the  curb  level,  or 
actual  adjoining  ground  levels.  If  the  ad- 
joining gro\ind  is  e.xcavated  to  or  below 
the  curb  level,  or  to  or  below  the  adjoin- 
ing natural  ground  level,  such  excavated 
space  shall  have  not  less  than  the  mini- 
mum w'dth  and  length  required  in  this 
act  for  outer  courts. 

Everv  basement  is  a  story. 

"Building"  is  a  tenement  house. 

"Buildinj  department"  means  the  com- 
missioner of  buildings,  superintendent  of 
build. ngs,  chief  inspector  of  buildings,  or 
any  ofPcer  or  department  charged  with 
the  enforcement  of  ordinances  and  laws 
regulating  the  construction  and  alteration 
of  buildings  or  structures. 

"Cellar"   is  any  story  or  portion  there- 
of, the  ceiling  of  which  in  any  part  is  less 
than  seven   feet  above  the  curb  level  and 
actual  adjoining  ground   levels. 
Courts  are   inner  and  outer.     See  sections 
22   and   23.      A   street-*o-yard    court   Is 
now  called  a  side  yard.     How  far  cor- 
nice may  project  into  court. 

"Court"    is    an    open,    unoccupied    space 


other  than  a  yard  on  the  lot  on  which  is 
situated  a  tenement  house.  A  court,  one 
entire  side  or  end  of  which  is  bounded 
by  a  front  yard,  a  rear  yard,  or  a  side 
yard,  or  by  the  front  of  lot,  or  by  a 
street  or  a  public  alley,  is  an  "outer 
court."  Every  court  which  is  not  an 
"outer  court"   is  an  "inner  court." 

Every  court  shall  be  open  and  unob- 
structed to  the  sky  from  a  point  not 
more  than  two  feet  above  the  floor  line 
of  the  lowest  story  in  the  building  in 
which  there  are  windows  from  rooms  or 
apartments  abutting  the  said  court,  ex- 
cept that  a  cornice  on  the  building  may 
extend  into  an  "outer  court"  two  inches 
for  each  one  foot  in  width  of  such  court, 
and  a  cornice  may  extend  into  an  "innei- 
court"  one  inch  for  each  one  foot  in 
width   of   such   court. 

"Curb  level"  is  the  curb  level  opposite 
the  center  of  the  "front  of  lot." 

Wherever  the  word  "department"  is 
used  it  means  the  building  department, 
the  housing  department,  the  health  de- 
partment or  such  other  department  or 
officer,  or  departments  or  officers,  who 
are  charged  with  the  enforcement  of  the 
provisions   of   this  act. 

"Family"  is  one  person  living  alone  or 
a  group  of  two  or  more  persons  living  to- 
gether in  an  apartment,  whether  related 
to  each  other  l)y  ))irth  or  not. 
Fireproof  house  constructed  of  "ap- 
proved" materials.  See  definition  of 
"approved." 

"Fireproof  tenement  house"  is  a  build- 
ing wherein  all  the  exterior  and  interior 
loads  or  strains  are  transmitted  to  the 
foundation  by  means  of  concrete,  rein- 
fored  concrete,  brick,  stone,  or  by  means 
of  a  skeleton  framework  of  steel  or  iron, 
the  exterior  walls,  inner  court  walls  and 
roof  constructed  of  concrete,  reinforced 
concrete,  brick,  stone  or  hollow  terra  cot- 
ta  tile;  where  all  the  structural  steei  oi 
iron  is  thoroughly  fire-proofed  by  con- 
crete, cement  plaster,  tile,  brick  or  sand- 
stone, not  less  than  two  inches  tnicK, 
where  all  the  interior  partitions  are  con- 
structed of  either  hollow  terra  cotta  tile 
blocks,  gymsum  blocks,  brick,  concrete, 
reinforced  concrete,  or  of  metal  studs 
lathed  with  metal  lath  and  plasterea  not 
less  than  three-quarters  inch  thick  in- 
cluding the  plaster  board,  or  constructed 
of  wire  glass  not  less  than  one-tourin 
inch  thick,  set  in  metal  frames  and  sash, 
and  all  other  materials  used  in  the  said 
building  are  of  approved  incombustible 
material,  except  that  the  glass  in  win- 
dows, transoms,  or  doors  may  be  plain 
glass,  and  except  that  doors,  frames,  sash 
and  the  usual  trim  of  rooms,  hallways, 
corridors  and  passagewavs  may  be  of 
wood,  and  except  that  wood  floors  may  be 
Iilaced  on  top  of  the  floors  and  construct- 
ed of  incombustible  materials,  except  in 
the  stairways  and  public  hallways. 
When  department  of  public  health  Is 
housing   department. 

"Housing  department"  is  any  depart- 
ment or  commission  charged  with  the  en- 
forcement of  ordinances  or  laws  regulat- 
ing the  occupancy  and  maintenance  of 
tenement  houses,  hotels  or  dwelling  house 
buildings;  and  where  no  such  department 
is  maintained,  shall  be  deemed  to  be  the 
health  commissioner,  the  department  of 
health,  health  officer,  or  similar  depart- 
ment charged  with  the  enforcement  of 
laws  and  ordinances  relating  to  the  pro- 
tection  of   the   public  health. 

"Kitchen"    is    any   room    in    any   apart- 


ment  used  oi-  intended  or  designed  to 
be  used  for  cooking  purposes  and  for  the 
l)reparation   of  food. 

"Lot"    is    a    parcel    or    area    of    land    on 
which    is    situated    a    tenement    house,    lo- 
selher   with    the    land,    yards,    courts   and 
unoccupied    spaces    for    such    a    tenement 
house    as    required     by     this    act;     all    of 
which  land  shall  be  owned  by  or  be  under 
the    absolute    lawful    control    and    in     the 
lawful  ijosses.sion   of   the   tenenieiii   house. 
Corner    lot    defined.       Part    of    corner    lot 
more  than  75  feet  from  corner.     Eith- 
er frontage  of  corner  lot  may  be  front 
of    lot. 

A  lot  situated  at  the  junction  of  two  or 
more  intersecting  streets,  with  a  boun- 
(lary  line  thereof  bordering  on  each  of  the 
two  streets,  is  a  "corner  lot."  All  ijarts 
of  the  width  of  such  a  corner  lot  which 
are  distant  more  than  seventy-five  feet 
from  the  junction  ])oint  of  tlrie  two  or 
more  intersecting  streets,  shall  Ije  deemed 
lo  be  an  "interior  lot."  The  owner  or 
his  authorized  agent  may  designate  either 
street  frontage  as  being  the  front  of  such 
corner  lot  for  the  purpose  of  determining 
the  width  thereof. 
Interior  lot  defined. 

A  lot  which  has  only  one  boundary 
line  bordering  on  a  public  street  is  an 
"interior   lot." 

"Rear  lot"  is  a  parcel  or  area  of  land 
having  no  boundary  line  bordering  on  a 
street,  or  having  less  than  one-half  of  its 
width  as  a  boundary  line  bordering  on  a 
street. 

"Front  of  lot"  is  the  boundary  line  of 
lot  bordering  on  the  street.  In  case  of  a 
corner  lot,  either  of  such  boundary  lines 
may   be   the    "front   of  lot." 

"Rear  of  lot"  is  the  boundary  line  of 
lot    opposite    the    "front    of   lot." 

"Depth    of    lot"    is    the    mean    distance 
from    the    "front   of   lot"    to    the    "rear    of 
lot." 
Nuisance,   what   constitutes. 

"Nuisance"  embraces  public  nuisance 
as  known  at  common  law  or  in  equity 
jurisprudence,  and  whatever  is  dangerous 
to  human  life  or  detrimental  to  health, 
and  shall  also  embrace  the  overcrowding 
with  occupants  of  any  room,  insufTicienl 
ventilation,  or  illumination,  or  inadequate 
or  insanitary  sewerage  or  plumbing  fa- 
cilities, or  uncleanliness,  and  whatever 
renders  air,  food  or  drink  unwholesome 
or  detrimental  to  the  health  of  human  he- 
ings. 
Occupied  space  defined.   Where   measured. 

"Occupied  space"  is  all  the  space  cov- 
ered by  a  tenement  house,  including  out- 
side stairways,  platforms,  fire  escapes, 
balconies,  fire  towers,  chimneys,  stacks, 
vent  shafts,  not  exceeding  thirty-two 
square  feet  in  area,  cornice  or  any  part 
thereof,  which  projects  into  an  inner 
court  more  than  one  inch  for  each  one 
foot  in  width  of  such  court,  or  which  pro- 
jects into  an  outer  court  or  yard  more 
than  two  inches  for  each  one  foot  in 
width  of  such  court  or  a  yard,  except 
that  outside  stairways,  platforms  and  bal- 
conies constructed  of  open  metal  work 
and  fire  escapes  may  extend  not  exceed- 
ing four  feet  beyond  the  exterior  walls 
of  the  building  into  a  front  or  rear  yard, 
and  except  that  a  retaining  wall  may  ex- 
tend not  to  exceed  twelve  inches  into  a 
yard  or  court.  For  the  purpose  of  de- 
termining occupied  space,  the  area  of  the 
building  shall  be  taken  at  the  lowest 
story  or  portion  thereof  used  for  living 
or  sleeping  purposes. 


"Person"  is  a  natural  person,  his  heirs, 
cxei'utors,  administrators  or  assigns;  and 
also  includes  a  firm,  partnership  or  cor- 
poration, or  their  successors  or  assigns. 
"Public  hallawy"  is  a  hallway,  corridor, 
passageway  or  vestibule  not  within  an 
apartment,  and  includes  stairways,  lana- 
ings   and    platforms. 

"Rear    tenement    house"    is   a    tenement 
liouse  on  a   "rear  lot." 
Materials    for    semifireproof    house.       See 

section  12  for  height  limit. 
"Semifireproof  tenement  house"  is  a 
l>uilding  with  all  exterior  walls  and  walls 
of  interior  and  outer  courts  constructed  of 
1)rick,  stone,  concrete,  reinforced  concrete 
or  hollow  terra  cotta  tile:  except  that  the 
walls  of  an  interior  court,  which  is  sur- 
rounded on  four  sides  by  the  same  build- 
ing, ma.\'  be  constructed  as  provided  in 
this  act  for  interior  courts;  interior  par- 
titions and  floors  constructed  of  approved 
incombustible  materials  or  of  wood,  with 
all  ceilings,  partitions,  soffits  of  stair- 
ways, and  outside  stringers  of  open  stair- 
ways and  stair  wells  metal  lathed  and 
jjlastered  not  less  than  three-quarters 
inch  thick  including  the  lath  or  lathed 
with  an  approved  plaster  board  plastered 
not  less  than  three-cpiarters  inch  thick 
including  the  plaster  board;  in  which  all 
finished  floors,  frames,  doors  and  the 
usual  trim  of  rooms  and  hallways  may 
l)e  built  of  wood  and  the  roof  of  which 
shall  be  covered  with  at  least  a  composi- 
tion  fire-retardant   material. 

"Shall."        Whenever   this    word    is  used 
it    shall    be    mandatory. 

"Street"  is  any  public  street,  alley, 
thoroughfare  or  park  having  a  minimum 
width  of  sixteen  feet,  measured  from 
"front  of  lot"  to  the  opposite  "front  of 
lot,"  and  which  shall  have  been  dedicated 
or  deeded  to  the  public  for  public  use. 
Tenement    house    defined.      A    three-story, 

three-flat     house     is     Included     in     the 

definition. 
"Tenement  house"  is  an.\'  house  or 
l)uilding,  or  portion  thereof,  more  tnan 
one  story  in  height,  which  is  designed, 
built,  rented,  leased,  let  or  hired  out  to 
be  occupied,  or  which  is  occupied  as  the 
home  or  residence  of  three  or  more  fami- 
lies living  independently  of  each  other 
and  doing  their  cooking  in  the  said  build- 
ing; provided,  however,  that  any  building 
not  more  than  two  stories  in  height  which 
is  designed,  built,  lented,  leased,  let  or 
hirad  out  to  be  occupied,  or  is  occupied 
as  the  home  or  residence  of  not  more 
than  four  families,  and  the  said  building 
is  so  arranged  that  each  of  the  said 
families  live  independently  of  each  other 
uiul  the  building  is  constructed  and  ar- 
ranged so  that  a  separate  section  is,  or 
may  be,  kept  as  a  home  or  residence  of  a 
separate  family,  and  each  such  section 
has  an  entirely  independent  and  separate 
entrance,  and  if  a  stairwax"  is  required, 
one  such  stairway  leading  to  each  sec- 
tion from  the  street  or  from  an  outside 
vestibule  on  the  level  of  the  first  floor  of 
said  building  is  a  separate  stairway,  and 
with  no  room,  hallway,  bathroom,  water 
closet,  or  kitchen  used  in  common  by  two 
or  more  families  occupying  the  same 
building,  shall  be  deemed  not  to  come 
within  the  definition  of  a  "tenement 
house." 
Wooden  tenement   house  to   have  ceilings, 

walls  and   partitions  of  public   hallway 

wire    lathed    or    plaster    boarded.      See 

section    12  for   height   limit. 
"Wooden   tenement  house"   is  a   building 


20 


which  does  not  fully  comply  with  the  re- 
quirements for  a  "fireproof"  or  "serni- 
fireproof"  tenement  house  as  defined  in 
this  act,  and  shall  include  all  frame  and 
all    veneered    buildings. 

In  every  sucli  liuilding  all  ceilings  and 
walls  and  partitions  of  public  hallways, 
soffits  of  interior  stairways  and  the  out- 
side stringers  of  open  stairways,  and  stair 
wells  shall  be  metal  lathed  and  plastered 
not  less  than  three-quarters  inch  thick 
Including  the  lath,  or  lathed  with  an  ap- 
proved plaster  hoard  plastered  not  less 
than  three-quarters  inch  thick  including 
the  plaster  board. 
Front  yard.     Rear  yard.     Side  yard. 

"Yard"  is  a  portion  of  a  lot  on  which 
is  situated  a  tenement  house  and  whlcn 
is  unoccupied  by  the  building  and  extends 
from  the  ground  up  (except  where  other- 
wise provided  by  this  act)  open  and  unob- 
structed to  the  sky;  except  that  outside 
stairways,  platforms  and  balconies  con- 
structed of  open  inetal  work  and  fire 
escapes  may  extend  not  moie  than  four 
feet  into  such  yards.  If  such  yard  is 
between  the  front  line  of  the  liuilding  and 
the  front  boundary  line  of  the  lot,  it  is  a 
"front  yard."  If  it  is  between  the  ex- 
treme rear  line  of  the  building  and  the 
rear  of  the  lot,  it  is  a  "rear  yard."  If  it 
extends  from  the  rear  yard  to  the  front 
yard  or  front  of  the  lot,  it  is  a  "side 
yard." 

Rear  tenement  house  forbidden.  When 
building  erected  in  front  of  tenement 
house.      Width    of   front   yard. 

Sec.  11.  No  tenement  liouse  shall  here- 
after he  erected  on,  or  moved  on  to,  a 
rear  lot.  No  building  for  any  purpose 
shall  hereafter  be  erected  in  front  of  any 
tenement  house  unless  there  shall  be  lert 
unoccupied  a  front  yard  extending  from 
the  front  of  the  rear  tenement  house  to 
the  front  line  of  lot  bordering  on  the 
street. 

Such  front  yard  shall  not  be  in  any  part 

less    in    width   than   fifty  per    cent   of    the 

actual  width  of  the  rear  tenement  house. 

Limits    of    height    of    vireproof,    semiflre- 

proof      and       wooden      tenements       in 

stories  and   feet.   Basement   is  a  story. 

Sec.  12.  No  fireproof  tenement  house 
hereafter  erected  shall  exceed  one  hun- 
dred fifty  feet  in  height,  nor  more  than 
one  and  one-half  times  the  width  of  the 
widest  street  to  which  the  lot  on  which 
it  is  situated  abuts. 

No  semifireproof  tenement  house  here- 
after erected  shall  exceed  six  stories  at 
any  point,  nor  more  than  sixty-five  feet 
in  height  (except  as  hereinafter  provided), 
nor  more  than  one  and  one-half  times 
the  width  of  the  widest  street  to  which 
the  lot  on  which  it  is  situated  abuts. 

No  wooden  tenement  house  hereafter 
erected  shall  exceed  three  stories  at  any 
point  nor  more  than  thirty-six  feet  in 
height  (except  as  hereinafter  provided), 
nor  more  tlian  one  and  one-half  times  the 
width  of  the  widest  street  to  which  the 
lot  on  which  it  is  situated  abuts. 

The  width  of  the  street,  for  this  pur- 
l)ose,  shall  be  measured  from  tlie  extreme 
front  of  the  building  to  the  front  of  lot 
opposite,  across  the  street. 

For  the  purposes  of  this  section  a  base- 
ment is  a  story. 

The  height  of  a  fireproof  tenement 
house  is  the  perpendicular  distance  from 
the  curb  level  or  adjoining  ground  levels 
to  the  h'ghest  point  of  the  roof.  The 
height   of   a   semifireproof   or   of   a   wood- 


en tenement  house  is  the  perpendicular 
distance  from  the  curij  level  or  adjoining 
ground  levels  to  the  lowest  point  of  the 
finished  ceiling  of  the  top  story;  provided, 
that  in  the  case  of  a  semifireproof  tene- 
ment house  situated  on  a  lot  with  the 
ground  sloping  downward  from  the  facade 
at  wliich  the  measurement  is  taken  the 
he'glit  of  the  building  shall  not  at  any 
po'nt  exceed  sixty-five  feet  aljove  the 
(■url3  level  measured  on  the  facade  facing 
the  street,  nor  shall  the  height  of  the 
l)uilding  at  any  point  of  the  grade  exceed 
seventy-five  feet  aljove  the  adjoining  curb 
in  case  of  a  corner  lot,  or  above  the  level 
of  the  ground  in  the  case  of  an  interior 
lot,  and  in  the  case  of  a  wooden  tene- 
ment house  situated  on  a  lot  with  the 
ground  sloping  downward  from  the  facade 
at  which  the  measurement  is  taken  the 
he'ght  of  the  building  shall  not  at  any 
point  exceed  thirty-six  feet  above  the 
curb  line  measured  on  the  facade  facing 
the  street,  nor  shall  the  he'ght  of  the 
l)nilding  at  any  point  of  the  grade  exceed 
fortv-six  feet  aljove  the  adjoining  curb  m 
t>ie  case  of  a  corner  lot  or  above  the  level 
of  the  ground  in  the  case  of  an  interior 
lot. 
Per-^entage  of   lot   unoccupied. 

Sec.  13.  On  every  corner  lot  on  which 
a  tenement  house  is  hereafter  erected, 
at  least  ten  per  cent  of  such  lot  shall  be 
left  unoccupied;  provided,  however,  that 
if  such  corner  lot  extends  through  from 
one  street  to  another  street,  one-half  of 
the  narrowest  street  to  which  said  lot 
abuts  may  he  considered  as  a  part  of  the 
lot  in  computing  the  percentage  of  lot  to 
be  left  iinoccupied;  except  that  if  such 
one-half  of  the  narrowest  street  is  greater 
than  t>ie  rear  yard  required  for  such 
tenement  house,  then  only  as  much  of 
the  said  street  as  is  required  for  the  rear 
yard  shall  be  considered  as  part  of  the 
lot  for  the  purpose  of  computing  the  per- 
centage of  lot  to  be  left  unoccupied. 

On  every  interior  lot  on  which  a  tene- 
ment house  is  hereafter  erected,  at  least 
twenty-five  per  cent  of  such  lot  shall  be 
left  unoccupied;  provided,  however,  that 
if  such  interior  lot  extends  through  from 
one  street  to  another  street,  one-half  of 
the  narrowest  street  to  which  such  lot 
abuts  may  be  considered  as  a  part  of  the 
lot  in  computing  the  percentage  of  lot  to 
be  left  unoccupied;  except  that  if  such 
one-half  of  the  narrowest  street  is  great- 
er than  the  rear  yard  required  for  such 
tenement  house,  then  only  as  much  of  the 
said  st»-eet  as  is  required  for  the  rear 
yard  shall  be  considered  as  part  of  the 
lot  for  the  purpose  of  computing  the  per- 
centage of  lot  to  be  left  unoccupied. 
Yard   behind  each    house. 

Sec.  14.  Immediately  behind  every 
tenement  house  hereafter  erected  there 
shall  be  a  rear  yard  extending  across  the 
entire  width  of  the  lot. 

Yard  or  court  may  serve  two  houses, 
when.  Distance  between  front  and 
rear     houses. 

Sec.  15.  In  no  event  shall  any  yard  or 
court  be  made  to  serve  the  purpose  of 
two  tenement  houses  hereafter  erected, 
or  of  an  existing  tenement  house  and  a 
tenement  house  hereafter  erected,  unless 
sucli  yard  or  court,  as  the  case  may  be, 
is  of  the  full  size  required  for  two  tene- 
ment houses,  and  then  only  in  the  event 
that  such  yard  or  court,  as  the  case  may 
be,  is  located  on  the  same  lot  and  owned 
by   or  in  the  absolute   lawful   control  and 


12 


in   the   lawful  possession  of  the   tenement 
house   it   pi'oposes   to   serve. 

WTiere  a  tenement  house,  now  or  here- 
after erected,  stands  upon  a  lot,  no  other 
building  shall  hereafter  be  placed  upon 
the  front  or  rear  of  that  lot,  unless  the 
minimum  distance  between  such  buildings 
shall  be  at  least  ten  feet,  and  two  addi- 
tional feet  shall  be  added  to  such  mini- 
mum distance  of  ten  feet  for  every  story 
more  than  one  in  height  of  the  highest 
building  on  the  lot. 
Depth   of  rear  yard,   how  measured. 

Sec.  16.  Tlie  depth  of  a  rear  yard  shall 
be  measured  at  right  angles  from  the 
extreme  rear  line  of  the  building  towards 
the  rear  lot  line. 

Rear   yard    on    interior   lot.      Sizes.      Open 
metal   work  may  extend   into.     Street- 
to-street  lot.   Part  of  narrowest  street 
allowed. 
Sec.  17.     On  every  interior  lot  on  which 
a    tenement    house    is    hereafter    erected, 
there  shall  be  provided  a  rear  yard.  Such 
yard  shall   extend   from    the   ground   clear 
and    unobstructed    to    the    sky,    and    shall 
extend    across    the    entire    width    of    the 
lot;    except   that   outside    stairways,    plat- 
forms  and   balconies   constructed   of   open 
metal    work    and    fire    escapes    may    ex- 
tend   not    more    than    four   feet    into    such 
yard.     The   minimum   depth  of  such   rear 
yard   shall   be  as   follows: 
Height    of     building    measured 
from    top   of   wall    to   floor   of 
yard    at    point    abutting    the     Depth  of 
rear  yard  rear  yard 

Not  exceeding     36  feet 10  feet 

Not  exceeding     48  feet 11  feet 

Not   exceeding     60  feet 12  feet 

Not  exceeding     72  feet 14  feet 

Not  exceeding     84  feet 16  feet 

Not  exceeding     96  feet 18  feet 

Not  exceeding  108  feet 20  feet 

Not  exceeding  120  feet 22  feet 

Not   exceeding  132  feet 24  feet 

Not   exceeding  150  feet 26  feet 

Provided,  however,  that  if  such  interior 
lot  extends  through  from  one  street  to 
another  street  or  public  alley,  one-half  of 
the  narrowest  street  or  pubMc  alley  to 
which  said  lot  abuts  inay  be  considered  as 
a  part  of  the  lot  in  computing  the  rear 
yard  required  by  this  section. 
Rear  yard  corner  lot.  Size.  Where  com- 
mences. Open  metal  work  may  ex- 
tend into.  Street-to-street  lot. 
Sec.  18.  On  every  corner  lot  on  whicli 
a  tenement  hovise  is  hereafter  erected 
there  shall  be  provided  a  rear  yard.  Such 
yard  shall  extend  from  the  lowest  floor 
which  is  used  for  living  and  sleeping 
quarters,  clear  and  unobstructed  to  the 
sky,  and  shall  extend  across  the  entire 
width  of  such  lot;  except  that  outside 
stairways,  platforms  and  balconies  con- 
structed of  open  metal  work  and  fire 
escapes  may  be  extended  not  more  than 
four  feet  into  such  yard.  The  minimum 
depth  of  such  rear  yard  shall  be  as  fol- 
lows: 

Depth  of  corner  lot  Depth  of  rear  yard 
Not  exceeding  100  feet. .Not  less  than  10  per 
cent  of  the  depth 
of  the  lot  nor  less 
than  .")  feet,  nor 
less  than  the  min- 
imum width  re- 
quired for  an  out- 
er court,  based  on 
the  numlier  of 
stories  in  such 
building. 


Kxceeding  100  feet Not    less    than     10 

feet   nor   less    than 
the      minimum 
width   required   for 
an       outer       court, 
based  on  the  num- 
ber    of    stories     in 
such    building. 
I'rovided,    however,    if    such    corner    lot 
extends    through   from    one    street    to   an- 
other   street,    or    to    a    public    alley,    one- 
half  of  the  narrowest  street   or  public  al- 
ley to   which  such  lot  abuts  may   be  con- 
sidered  as   a   part   of   the   lot   in   comput- 
ing  the    rear   yard   required    by    this    sec- 
tion. 
Yard-to-street    passageway. 

Sec.  19.  Fivery  rear  vard  required  by 
this  act  and  not  bordering  on  a  street 
o''  putdic  alley  and  without  direct  access 
thereto  shall  have  access  to  a  street  or 
pulilic  alley  by  means  of  an  unobstructed 
passageway  not  less  than  three  feet  six 
inches  in  clear  width,  nor  less  than  seven 
feet  in  clear  height;  and  if  such  pas- 
sageway or  anv  portion  thereof  passes 
through  a  building,  such  portion  there- 
of shall  be  built  of  approved  incombus- 
tible materials,  or  shall  be  lathed  with 
metal  lath  or  approved  plaster  board  and 
be  plastered  not  less  than  three-quarters 
inch  thick  including  the  lath  or  plaster 
board,  or  shall  be  lined  with  not  less 
than  number  twenty-six  (gauge)  gal- 
vanized iron,  and  shall  be  drained  and 
lig'ited. 

Front  yard.  Size  of  excavation  to  light 
basement. 
Sec.  20.  P^ver\'  front  yard  which  is  ex- 
cavated below  the  level  of  the  curb  or 
below  the  adjoining  ground  level  for  the 
purpose  of  furnishing  light  and  ventila- 
tion to  a  basement  shall  in  no  part  be 
less  in  width  and  length  than  required 
for  outer  courts. 
Side  yard.     Width.     When  reduced. 

Sec.  21.  The  width  of  every  side  yard 
shall  be  not  less  than  the  width  required 
for  an  outer  court  except  tliat  the  pro- 
visions of  this  act  regarding  the  maxi- 
mum lengths  of  an  outer  court  shall  not 
apply  to  a  side  yard;  provided,  that  if 
there  is  a  side  yard  on  ):)oth  sides  of  the 
building  connected  one  with  the  other 
across  the  rear  of  the  building  by  the 
rear  yard,  then  the  width  of  the  side 
yards  may  be  reduced  twelve  Inches. 
Outer  court.  Size.  Bounded  by  alley  or 
park.  Outer  court  on  lot  lines. 
Sec.  22.  The  minimum  size  of  every 
outer  court  for  a  tenement  house  here- 
after erected  shall  he  as  follows: 
Height     of     building 

based     on     the     full 

number     of     stories 

in        the        building 

measured        upward 

from    and    including 

the   lowest    stor>'    in 

wh'ch    there    is    an    ^Minimum  Maximum 

apartment  or  apart-      width  of      length  of 

ments.  court  court 

1    or    2    stories 4  ft.  0  in.     16  ft.  0  in. 

.T    stories 4  ft.  6  in.     2.5  ft.  0  in. 

4    stories 5  ft.  6  in.     .SO  ft.  0  in. 

.5    stories 6  ft.  0  in.     .S.5  ft.  0  in. 

6  stories 8  ft.  0  in.     .Sf.  ft.  0  in. 

7  stories 10  ft.  0  in.     40  ft.  0  in. 

8  stories 12  ft.  0  in.     40  ft.  0  in. 

fl    stories 13  ft.  0  in.     40  ft.  0  in. 

10  or  more  stories 14  ft.  0  in.     40  ft.  0  in. 

There  shall  be  added  to  the  ininiinum 
width  of  each  siicll  outer  court  six  inches 
for  each  live  feet  or  fractional  part  there- 


22 


of  in  excess  of  the  maximum  length;  pro- 
vided, however,  that  the  maximum 
lengths  herein  provided  shall  not  apply 
when  the  outer  court  is  bounded  on  one 
side  for  its  entire  length  by  a  lot  line; 
provided,  further,  that  if  an  outer  court 
is  bounded  by  a  public  alley  or  public 
park,  the  width  of  such  public  alley  or 
public  park  may  be  considered  a  part  of 
the  lot  in  determining  the  required  width 
of  the  outer  court. 

Inner    court.      Size.      Door    or    window    at 
bottom    in    all    tenement   houses. 
Sec.    23.     The    minimum    size    of    every 
inner  court  for  tenement  houses  hereafter 
erected   shall   be  as   follows: 
Height     of     building 

based     on     the     full 

number     of     stories 

in        the        building 

measured        upward 

from    and    including 

the   lowest   story   in 

which    there    is    an    Minimum  Maximum 

apartment  or  apart-     width  of       aera  of 

ments.  court  court 

1   or   2    stories 6  ft.  0  in.       75  sq.  ft. 

3  stories    7  ft.  0  in.     120  sq.  ft. 

4  stories    8  ft.  0  in.     160  sq.  ft. 

5  stories    12  ft.  0  in.     250  sq.  ft. 

6  stories    16  ft.  0  in.      400  sq.  ft. 

7  stories    20  ft.  0  in.     625  sq.  ft. 

S    stories   and    more 24  ft.  0  in.     S40  sq.ft. 

Inner    court    on    lot    line.      Size.      Door    or 

window  at  bottom  and  in  vent  shaft. 
Existing  tenement  house. 
Provided,  however,  that  the  minimum 
size  of  every  inner  court  which  is  bound- 
ed on  one  side  for  its  entire  length  by  a 
lot  line  may  be  as  follows: 
Height     of     building 

based     on     the     full 

number     of     stories 

in        the        building 

measured       upward 

from    and    including 

the   lowest    story   in 

which    there    is    an    Minimum  Maximum 

apartment  or  apart-     width  of       aera  of 

ments.  court  court 

1   or  2   stories   5  ft.  0  in.       75  sq.  ft. 

3  stories 6  ft.  0  in.     120  sq.  ft 

4  stories    7  ft.  0  in.     160  sq.  ft. 

5  stories    9  ft.  0  in.     250  sq.  ft. 

6  stories    16  ft.  0  in.     400  sq.ft. 

7  stories   20  ft.  0  in.     625  sq.  ft. 

8  stories  and  more 24  ft.  0  in.     S40  sq.  ft. 

Every  inner  court  hereafter  constructed 

and  every  inner  court  or  vent  shaft  now 
in  any  tenement  house  shall  be  provided 
with  a  door  or  window  at  or  near  the 
bottom  thereof,  giving  sufficient  access  to 
such  court  or  vent  shaft  as  to  enable  it 
to  be  properly  cleaned  out. 

Recess  from  court,  yard  or  street. 

Sec.  24.  Every  recess  from  a  ■  court, 
yard  or  street  in  a  tenement  house  here- 
after erected  shall,  unless  it  conforms  to 
the  requirements  of  this  act  for  an  in- 
ner court,  or  an  outer  court,  be  not  less 
in  width  than  its  depth.  Every  such  re- 
cess shall  be  open  and  unobsti-ucted  to 
the  sky  from  a  point  not  more  than  two 
feet  above  the  floor  line  of  the  lowest 
story  in  the  building  in  which  there  are 
rooms  the  said  recess  proposes  to  serve. 
Intake  to  Inner  court.  Size.  Construc- 
tion of.     Runs  to  street,  yard  or  alley. 

Sec.  25.  Every  inner  coiu't  in  a  tene- 
ment house  hereafter  erected  shall  be 
provided  with  one  or  more  horizontal  in- 
takes at  the  bottom  of  the  court,  as  fol- 
lows: 


Minimum 
Inner    court  number      Net  aggregate 

areas.  of  intakes    area  of  intakes 

Each      not     ex- 
ceeding 300  sq. 

ft One  19%  square  feet 

Each      not     ex- 
ceeding 800  sq. 

ft Two  40      square  f»et 

Each        exceed- 
ing 800  sq.  ft Two  60      square  feet 

Every  such  intake  shall  always  extend 
directly  to  the  front  of  lot  or  front  yard, 
or  rear  yard,  or  to  a  side  yard,  or  to  a 
street,  or  to  a  public  alley  or  public 
park.  Whenever  more  than  one  intake 
is  required,  one  such  intake  shall  extend 
to  the  front  of  lot  or  front  yard,  and  one 
to  the  rear  yard,  public  alley,  public  park, 
or  to  the  other  street,  and  the  court  ends 
of  the  air  intakes  shall  be  as  far  apart 
as    possible. 

Each  such  intake  shall  consist  of  an 
unobstructed  duct  or  passageway  having 
a   minimum   height  of  six   feet  six  inches. 

Every  such  intake  shall  be  constructed 
of  approved  incombustible  materials,  or 
shall  be  lined  with  at  least  number 
twenty-six  (gauge)  galvanized  iron  on 
the  inside  therof.  Such  air  intakes  may 
be  closed  at  each  end  with  a  gate  or 
grill  having  not  less  than  seventy-five 
per    cent    of    open    work. 

In  case  the  inner  court  does  not  ex- 
tend below  the  second  floor  level,  then 
each  such  air  intake  may  consist  of  an 
unobstructed  open  duct,  constructed  of 
approved  incombustible  materials  or  lined 
with  at  least  number  twenty-six  (gauge) 
galvanized  iron  on  the  inside  thereof, 
having  an  interior  area  of  not  less  than 
nineteen  and  one-half  square  feet,  and 
in  no  dimension  less  than  twelve  inches, 
and  covered  at  each  end  with  a  wire 
screen   of  not  less  than  one   inch   mesh. 

Every  air  intake  shall  be  drained  and 
so  constructed  and  arranged  as  to  be 
readily    cleaned   out. 

Cellar.  Living  in  forbidden.  Illuminated 
and  ventilated.  Waterproofed.  Damp- 
proofed.      When    plastered. 

Sec.  26.  In  no  tenement  house  shall 
any  room  in  the  cellar  be  constructed, 
altered,  converted  or  occupied  for  living 
or   sleeping   purposes. 

Every  cellar  shall  be  illuminated  and 
ventilated.  The  walls  and  floor  of  every 
cellar  hereafter  constructed,  which  are 
below  the  ground  level,  shall  be  made 
waterproof  and  dampproof,  and  when- 
ever deemed  necessary,  and  so  ordered 
by  the  department  charged  with  the  en- 
forcement of  this  act,  the  walls  and  ceil- 
ings thereof  shall  be  plastered. 
Basement.  When  may  be  lived  in.  Illu- 
minated. Ventilated.  Dampproof.  Wa- 
terproof.    When  plastered. 

Sec.  27.  In  no  tenement  house  shall 
any  room  in  the  basement  be  constructed, 
altered,  converted  or  occupied  for  living 
or  sleeping  purposes,  unless  such  room 
conforms  to  all  of  the  requirements  of 
this  act  for  rooms  in  other  parts  of  the 
building  and  that  the  ceiling  of  each  such 
room  be  in  all  parts  not  less  than  seven 
feet    above    the    adjoining   ground   level. 

Every  basement  shall  be  illuminated 
and  ventilated.  The  walls  and  floors  of 
every  basement  hereafter  constructed, 
which  are  below  the  ground  level,  shall  be 
made  waterproof  and  dampproof,  and 
whenever  deemed  necessary,  and  so  or- 
dered   by    the    department    charged    with 


123 


the    enforcement    of    this    act,    the    walls 
and    ceilings   thereof  shall    be   plastered. 
Lowest     floor.      Ventilation      under.      Ma- 
terial    and    size    of    foundation    walls. 
Ratproofing.      Material  of  floor.    Open- 
ing   through   floor. 
Sec.  28.     In  every  tenement  house  here- 
after    erected,     the     lowest    floor    thereof 
shall    be    at    least    eighteen    inches    above 
the   surface   soil  adjoining  and   under  the 
floor,    and    the    entire    space    under    such 
floor  shall  be  kept  dry,  drained,  clean  and 
free    from    any    accumulation    of    rubbish, 
debris    or   filth. 

Such  space  under  the  floor  shall  be  en- 
closed and  provided  with  a  sufficient 
number  of  openings  with  removable 
screens  or  similar  provisions  of  a  size  to 
insure  ample  ventilation;  provided,  how- 
ever, that  in  any  such  building  the  lowest 
floor  thereof  may  be  less  than  eighteen 
inches  above  the  surface  soil,  but  in  no 
case  less  than  six  inches,  except  where 
masonry  floors  are  laid  directly  on  the 
soil,  if  the  said  floor  is  made  impervious 
to  the  ingress  of  rats  or  other  vermin,  as 
follows: 

(a)  Foundation  walls  shall  be  con- 
structed of  concrete  or  of  brick  or  stone 
or  other  masonry  laid  in  a  good  mortar 
or  constructed  of  some  other  equally  as 
ratproof   material. 

(b)  The  said  foundation  walls  shall  be 
not  less  than  six  inches  in  thickness  at 
the  top  nor  less  than  twelve  inches  in 
thickness  at  the  bottom,  nor  extend  less 
than  twelve  inches  below  the  surface  son, 
and,  except  where  masonry  floors  are  laid 
directly  on  the  soil,  shall  extend  not  less 
than  six  inches  above  the  surface  soil. 

(c)  Every  opening  in  the  foundation 
walls,  for  ventilation  or  for  other  pur- 
poses, shall  be  made  rat  proof  with  suit- 
able metal  screens  or  with  some  other 
similar  rat  proof  material.  Door  or  win- 
dow openings  in  such  walls  shall  have 
tight  fitting  doors  or  windows. 

(d)  The  said  lowest  fioor  or  different 
levels  thereof,  forming  a  complete  floor 
between  the  outside  walls  of  the  build- 
ing, shall  be  constructed  either  of  ma- 
sonry, or  covered  with  concrete  not  less 
than  one  and  one-half  inches  thick,  or 
constructed  of  two  layers  of  flooring  with 
a  layer  of  galvanized  iron  or  galvanized 
iron  wire  cloth  or  other  approved  equally 
as  rat  proof  material  placed  between  the 
two  layers  of  flooring.  Or,  in  lieu  of  the 
floor  being  constructed  as  herein  pre- 
scribed, the  entire  ground  area  under  the 
floor  shall  be  covered  with  concrete  not 
less  than  two  inches  thick,  except  where 
the  surface  of  the  soil  is  conipo.'^e  1  of 
rock.  The  rat-proofing  material  shall  al- 
ways extend  under  the  plates  of  the  ex- 
terior  walls  and   supporting  partitions. 

(e)  All  openings  throughout  the  said 
floor  for  chimneys,  plumbing,  water  pipes, 
or  for  any  other  purpose,  shall  be  closed 
up  tight  in  the  same  manner  and  with 
the  same  kind  of  materials  as  required 
under  the  plates  of  the  exterior  walls  and 
stipporting  partitions,  and  if  the  rat- 
liroofing  material  used  for  closing  of  open- 
ings is  other  than  masonry,  it  shall  ex- 
tend beyond  and  underlap  the  flooring  all 
aroun-l  the  opening,  not  less  than  two 
inches. 

Rooms.  Size  of  in  apartment.  Least 
width.  Minimum  height.  Area  of 
kitchen.  Width  of  water-closet. 
Height  of  water-closet,  bathroom, 
slop-sink    or    dressing    room.      Size    of 


closet    or    dressing    room.       Room     not 
to   be   subdivided. 

Sec.  29.  In  every  apartment  in  every 
tenement  house  hereafter  erected  there 
shall  be  at  least  one  room  containing 
not  less  than  one  hundred  twenty  square 
feet  of  superficial  floor  area,  and  every 
other  room  shall  contain  at  least  ninety 
square  feet  of  superficial  floor  area,  ex- 
cept water-closet,  bath  or  slop-sink  com- 
partments, and  except  kitchens,  closets, 
recesses    from   rooms,    or   dressing   rooms. 

Every  kitchen  shall  contain  not  less 
than  fifty  square  feet  of  superficial  floor 
area. 

Every  room  shall  at  every  point  be  not 
less  than  seven  feet  in  width,  nor  less 
than  nine  feet  in  height,  measured  from 
the  finished  floor  to  the  finished  ceiling; 
except  that  attic  rooms  and  rooms  where 
sloping  ceilings  occur  need  be  nine  feet 
in  height  in  but  one-half  the  area  of  the 
room;  provided,  however,  that  the  pro- 
visions of  this  paragraph  shall  not  apply 
to  water-closet,  bath  or  slop-sink  com- 
partments, nor  to  closets,  nor  to  recesses 
from  rooms,  nor  to  dressing  rooms,  nor 
shall  the  provisions  of  this  paragraph  as 
to   minimum   width  apply  to  kitchens. 

Every  water-closet  compartment  shall 
be  not  less  than  thirty-six  inches  in  clear 
width,  and  every  such  water-closet  com- 
partment, bath  or  slop-sink  compartment, 
or  closet,  or  recess  from  a  room,  or  dress- 
ing room,  shall  have  a  height  of  not  less 
than  seven  feet  six  inches,  measured 
from  the  finished  floor  to  the  finished 
ceiling.  Every  closet,  recess  from  a  room, 
or  dressing  room,  which  contains  more 
than  twenty-five  square  feet  of  super- 
ficial floor  area  (built-in  dressers,  clothes 
presses  and  similar  features  which  are  a 
substantial  03art  of  the  structure  shall 
not  be  deemed  to  be  a  part  of  the  floor 
area  of  a  closet,  recess  from  a  room)  or 
dressing  room  shall  conform  to  all  of  the 
provisions  of  this  act  as  to  rooms,  and 
shall  contain  not  less  than  ninety  square 
feet    of   superficial    floor  area. 

No  part  of  any  room  in  any  tenement 
house  shall  hereafter  be  enclosed  or  sub- 
divided wholly,  or  in  part,  by  a  curtain, 
portiere,  fixed  or  movable  partition,  or 
other  contrivance  or  device,  for  any  pur- 
pose contrary  to  any  of  the  provisions  of 
this   act. 

Entertainment,  amusement  or  reception 
rooms  hereafter  constructed,  altered  or 
converted  in  any  tenement  house  shall 
conform  to  the  provisions  of  section 
thirty-three  of  this  act. 
Windows.  Rooms  to  have.  Upon  what 
to  open.  When  may  open  through 
porches. 

Sec.  30.  In  ever>-  tenement  house  here- 
after erected  every  room,  kitchen,  and 
every  water-closet  compartment,  toilet  or 
shower  room,  and  bath  or  slop-sink  room 
(except  in  the  cellar)  shall  have  at  least 
one  window  of  the  area  hereinafter  re- 
ciuired  opening  directl\-  upon  a  street,  or 
upon  a  ya.rd  or  court,  of  the  dimensions 
specified  in  this  act  and  located  on  the 
same    lot. 

All  windows  required  b\-  this  act  shall 
be  located  so  as  to  properly  light  all  por- 
tions of  the  rooms,  and  shall  be  made  so 
as  to  open  in  all  parts  and  so  arranged 
that  at  least  one-half  of  each  such  win- 
dow may  be  opened  iniobstructed;  pro- 
vided, however,  that  the  windows  re- 
quired by  this  section  in  a  water-closet 
compartment,  toilet  or  shower  room,  and 
l)ath    or    slop-sink    room,    may    open    di- 


24 


rectly  into  a  vent  shaft,  such  vent  shaft 
to  be  of  the  minimum  size  and  con- 
structed of  the  materials  and  in  the  man- 
ner prescribed  by  section  sixty-one  of  this 
act;  provided,  furtlier,  that  windows  re- 
quired to  open  onto  a  street,  yard,  or  an 
outer  court,  except  windows  from  kitch- 
ens, may  open  through  porches,  provided 
that  said  porches  do  not  exceed  seven 
feet  in  depth  measured  at  riglit  angles 
to  the  windows  and  tliat  at  least  seventy- 
five  per  cent  of  the  entire  side  of  the 
porch,  bounded  by  the  street,  yard,  or 
outer  court,  is  left  open  except  that  the 
open  space  may  be  enclosed  with  mosquito 
screens. 
Windows.      Area    of.      How   measured. 

Sec.  31.  In  every  tenement  house  here- 
after erected  the  total  window  area  in 
each  room,  except  in  a  water-closet  com- 
partment, bath,  toilet,  slop-sink  room  or 
shower  room,  shall  be  at  least  one-eighth 
of   the   superficial  floor  area  of  the  room. 

The  aggregate  window  area  in  each 
loom  shall  not  be  less  than  twelve  square 
feet,  and  no  single  window  shall  be  less 
than    six   square   feet  in   area. 

All     measurements     for     window     area 
shall   be   taken   to  outside  of  sash. 
Windows.      Area     in     water-closet,     bath, 
toilet,    slop-sink    or   shower   room. 

Sec.  32.  In  every  tenement  house  here- 
after erected  each  Avindow  in  a  water- 
closet  compartment  or  bath,  toilet  or 
slop-sink  room,  or  shower  room,  shall  be 
not  less  than  three  square  feet  in  area. 
The  aggregate  area  of  windows  for  each 
such  compartment  or  room  shall  be  not 
less  than  six  square  feet.  In  each  such 
compartment  or  rooin  containing  more 
than  one  water-closet,  bath,  urinal  or 
slop-sink,  the  aggregate  window  area 
shall  be  equivalent  to  three  square  feet 
for  each  water-closet,  bath,  urinal  or 
slop-sink  therein,  except  that  at  no  time 
need  the  aggregate  window  area  exceed 
one-fourth  of  the  superficial  floor  area  of 
such  compartment  or  room. 
Windows.  Ventilation  of  amusement,  en- 
tertainment or  reception  room.  Fan 
exhaust  system. 

Sec.  33.  In  every  tenement  house  here- 
after erected  the  total  window  area  in 
each  room  used  for  the  purpose  of  amuse- 
ment, entertainment  or  as  a  reception 
room,  or  any  room  used  for  similar  pur- 
poses, which  room  has  a  superficial  floor 
area  not  exceeding  one  hundred  eighty 
square  feet,  shall  be  at  least  one-eighth 
of  the  superficial  floor  area  of  such  room. 

Every  such  room  which  has  a  super- 
flcial  floor  area  exceeding  one  hundred 
eighty  square  feet  shall  have  an  aggre- 
gate window  area  not  less  than  that  re- 
quired for  a  room  of  one  hundred  eighty 
square    feet    of   superflcial    floor   area. 

Amusement,  entertainment  or  reception 
rooms  and  rooms  used  for  similar  pur- 
poses, in  lieu  of  being  provided  with  win- 
dows, as  in  this  section  prescribed,  may 
be  provided  with  a  fan  exhaust  system  of 
ventilation.  Such  fan  exhaust  system  of 
ventilation  shall  consist  of  independent 
inlet  ducts  extending  from  the  outer  air 
to  each  such  room  and  exhaust  ducts  ex- 
tending from  each  such  room  to  the  outer 
air  above  the  highest  roof  of  the  building. 

All  of  the  inlet  ducts  and  exhaust  ducts 
shall  be  constructed  of  galvanized  iron  or 
other  smooth-surfaced,  nonabsorbent  ma- 
terial and  so  arranged  that  they  may  be 
readily  cleaned  out. 

The  exhaust  ducts  shall  always  be  con- 
nected   to    an    exhaust    fan    mechanically 


operated,  so  designed  and  operated  as  to 
provide  a  complete  change  of  air  in  not 
to  exceed  fifteen  minutes  for  each  such 
room. 

Any  person  in  charge  of  a  building  in 
which  a  system  of  fan  exhaust  ventila- 
tion, as  in  this  section  is  requir*!,  who 
fails,  neglects  or  refuses  to  operate  and 
maintain  the  said  system  of  ventilation 
in  good  order  and  repair  so  that  the 
ventilation  (complete  change  of  air)  here- 
in specified  is  provided  in  each  such  room 
at  all  times,  shall  be  deemed  guilty  of  a 
misdemeanor  and  subject  to  all  of  the 
penalties   fl.xed   by   this   act. 

Every  amusement,  entertainment  or  re- 
ception room,  or  any  room  used  for  sim- 
ilar purposes,  shall  have  a  minimum 
height  between  the  finished  floor  and  the 
finished  ceiling  of  not  less  than  nine  feet. 
No  such  room  or  part  thereof  shall  be 
used  for  living  or  sleeping  apartments, 
except  that  said  room  or  part  thereof 
complies  with  all  of  the  other  provisions 
of  this  act,  for  living  and  sleeping  apart- 
ments. 

Windows.  In  public  hallway.  Size  of. 
Location.  Skylight  in  lieu  of  window. 
French   windows   or  doors. 

Sec.  34.  In  every  tenement  house  here- 
after erected,  every  public  hallway  on  any 
floor  where  there  are  more  than  three 
apartments  shall  have  at  least  one  win- 
dow opening  directly  upon  a  street,  or 
vipon  a  yard  or  a  court  of  the  dimensions 
specified  in  this  act  and  located  on  the 
same  lot;  such  windows  shall  be  at  the 
end  of  the  public  hallway  and  placed  so 
as  to  secure  the  maximum  light  into  the 
hallway;  provided,  however,  that  in  tene- 
ment houses  not  exceeding  two  stories  in 
height  the  public  hallway  mav,  in  lieu  of 
such  windows,  be  lighted  and  ventilated 
by  one  or  more  skylights  constructed  in 
accordance  w^ith  the  provisions  of  this  act. 

Every  window  recfuired  by  this  act  in  a 
public  hallway  shall  be  not  less  than 
twenty-nine  inches  in  clear  width,  nor 
less  than  fifty-eight  inches  in  height,  and 
the  finished  sill  of  same  shall  not  be 
more  than  thirty  inches  above  the  ad- 
joining finished  floor.  Every  such  window 
shall  be  inade  so  as  to  open  and  so  ar- 
ranged that  at  least  one-half  of  the  win- 
dow may  be  opened  unobstructed. 

Every  skylight  provided  for  in  this  sec- 
tion shall  have  an  effective  horizontal 
area  of  glass  of  not  less  than  fifteen 
square  feet,  and  shall  have  ridge  ventila- 
tors or  fixed  or  movable  louvres  so  as  to 
provide  a  ventilating  area  of  not  less  than 
five  hundred  square  inches.  Such  sky- 
lights shall  be  so  located  that  no  portion 
of  the  hallway  be  distant  more  than 
twenty  feet  (measured  from  a  vertical 
line)    from  a   skylight  opening. 

Any  part  of  a  public  hallway  which  is 
offset,  recessed,  or  cut  off  from  any  other 
part  of  a  hallway  where  such  offset  or 
recess  is  more  in  length  than  one  and 
one-half  times  the  width  of  the  pviblic 
hallway  from  which  it  offsets  or  recesses, 
shall  be  deemed  a  separate  public  hall- 
way  within    the    meaning  of   this   section. 

French  windows  or  doors,  if  arranged 
to  open  and  glazed  to  give  the  areas  of 
opening  and  glass  required  by  this  act 
for  windows  in  public  hallways,  may  be 
used  in  lieu  of  windows  therein. 
Ventilating    skylight    over  stairway. 

Sec.  35.  In  every  tenement  house  two 
or  more  stories  in  height  hereafter 
erected,  where  there  are  more  than  three 
apartments   on   any  one  floor,   there   shall 


125 


be  provided  at  the  roof  over  each  stair- 
way a  ventilating  skylight,  placed  directly 
as  practicable  over  same,  having  a  mini- 
mum effective  horizontal  area  of  glass  at 
least  twenty  square  feet  in  area  for  build- 
ings two  stories  in  height,  and  the  area 
of  glass  in  such  skylight  shall  be  in- 
creased at  a  ratio  of  six  square  feet  for 
•each  additional  story  in  height.  In  every 
such  skylight  the  ventilating  area  shall 
be  not  less  than  five  hundred  square 
inches. 

Every  such  skylight  and  the  ventilating 
openings  and  the  shutters  and  the  clos- 
ing and  opening  devices  for  the  ventilat- 
ing openings  shall  be  made  of  approved 
incombustible  materials,  and  so  ari'anged 
that  the  entire  ventilating  area  may  be 
readily  opened  from  at  least  the  topmost 
and  first  story  levels,  except  that  in  tene- 
ment houses  not  exceeding  four  stories 
in  height  the  ventilators  may  be  arranged 
so  as  to  open  from  at  least  the  first  story, 
or  the  ventilators  may  be  fixed  perma- 
nently  in   an   open  position. 

Skylights  as  in  this  section  prescribed 
may  be  omitted  in  case  that  windows  are 
])rovided  of  the  size  fixed  by  section 
thirty-four  hereof  and  located  adjoining 
the  stairways,  and  that  each  window  ad- 
joining the  stairway  be  provided  with  an 
open  louvre  or  ventilator  providing  a 
ventilating  area  of  not  less  than  one  hun- 
dred square  inches,  or  such  louvre  or 
ventilator  may  be  placed  in  the  roof  over 
the  stairway,  in  which  event  the  ventilat- 
ing area  shall  be  not  less  than  five  hun- 
dred  square  inches. 

Whenever  a  skylight  is  required  as  in 
this  section  provided  there  shall  be  con- 
structed a  stair  well,  the  clear  open  area 
of  which  shall  be  at  each  fioor  equal  to 
one-third  of  the  area  of  glass  in  the  sky- 
light. 
Arrangement  of  apartment.   Water-closet. 

Sec.  36.  In  every  tenement  house  here- 
after erected,  every  apartment  shall  be 
so  arranged  that  access  may  be  had  to 
■every  living  rooin,  and  to  at  least  one 
water-closet  compartment,  without  pass- 
ing through  a  bedroom;  provided,  how- 
ever, that  nothing  in  this  section  shall 
be  so  construed  as  to  prohibit  passing 
through  a  bedroom  in  going  from  a 
kitchen  to  a  bathroom  or  water-closet 
compartment. 

Water-closets.     Number.     Construction   of. 

Sec.  37.  In  every  tenement  house  here- 
after erected  there  shall  be  installed  one 
water-closet  within  each  apartment  lo- 
cated in  a  separate  compartment  or  lo- 
cated in  a  compartment  with  a  bathtub, 
shower  or  lavatory,  used  exclusively  by 
the   occupants  of  the  apartment. 

Xo  door  or  other  opening  to  a  water- 
closet  compartment  shall  open  from  or 
into  any  room  in  which  food  is  prepared 
or  stored.  The  walls  enclosing  a  water- 
closet  compartment  shall  be  well  plas- 
tered or  constructed  of  some  nonab- 
sorbent  material,  except  that  the  ordi- 
nary wood  trim  of  openings  may  be  used 
in  such  compartment.  Every  such  com- 
parment  shall  be  provided  and  equipped 
with  a  full  door,  properly  hung,  and  pro- 
vided with  a  lock  or  bolt  to  lock  same. 

The  floor  of  every  such  water-closet 
coinpartment  shall  be  made  waterproof 
with  asphalt,  tile,  marble,  terrazzo,  ce- 
inent,  or  some  other  similar  nonabsorbent 
material,  and  such  waterproofing  shall 
extend  not  less  than  six  inches  on  the 
vertical    walls    of    the    room.      No    water- 


closet  fixture  shall  l)e  enclosed  with  wood- 
work. 

Water-closets      in      prior     erected      house. 
Number    required. 

Sec.  38.  In  every  tenement  house 
erected  prior  to  the  passage  of  this  act 
there  shall  be  provided  at  least  one 
water-closet  in  a,  separate  compartment, 
located  on  the  public  hallway  of  the  same 
floor,  for  every  three  apartments  or  frac- 
tional part  thereof  on  such  floor  which  are 
not  provided  with  private  water-closets. 
Where  two  or  more  water-closets  are  re- 
quired by  the  provisions  of  tliis  section 
to  be  located  on  a  public  hallway,  one  of 
such  water-closets  shall  be  distinctly 
marked  "for  men,"  and  one  of  the  water- 
closets  distinctly  marked  "for  women"; 
provided,  however,  that  the  housing  de- 
partment charged  with  the  enforcement 
of  this  act  may  exempt  any  tenement 
house  existing  at  the  time  of  the  passage 
of  this  act  from  fully  complying  with  the 
provisions  of  this  paragraph  when,  in  its 
discretion,  such  deviation  will  not  be  det- 
rimental to  the  health  of  the  occupants 
thereof  or  to  the  sanitation  of  the  said 
tenement    house    or    premises. 

Nothing  in  this  section  shall  be  con- 
strued as  permitting  such  exemptions  to 
appl5^  to  any  addition  or  extension  to  any 
tenement  house. 

Every  water-closet  hereafter  placea  m 
a  tenement  house  erected  prior  to  tne 
passage  of  this  act  shall  comply  with 
every  provision  of  this  act  relative  to 
water-closets  installed  in  tenement  houses 
hereafter  erected,  except  that  if  a  water- 
closet  is  installed  in  the  top  story  of  any 
such  building,  the  compartment  in  which 
it  is  installed  may  be  ventilated  by  a 
skylight  with  fixed  louvres  in  lieu  of  a 
window:  provided,  however,  that  a  new 
water-closet  may  be  installed  to  replace 
a  defective  or  antiquated  fixture  in  the 
same   location. 

Every  tenement  house  erected  prior  to 
the  passage  of  this  act,  or  hereafter 
erected,  where  a  connection  with  the 
sewer  is  possible,  shall  discontinue  the 
use  of  any  school  sink,  privy  vault  or 
any  similar  receptacle  used  to  receive 
fecal  matter,  urine  or  sewage,  and  every 
such  receptacle  shall  be  completely  re- 
moved and  the  place  where  it  was  located 
be  properly  disinfected.  All  such  recep- 
tacles shall  be  replaced  by  individual 
water-closets  of  durable  nonabsorbent 
material,  properly  connected,  trapped, 
vented  and  provided  with  flush  tanks,  the 
same  as  is  required,  by  the  provisions  of 
this  act,  in  tenement  houses  hereafter 
erected. 

Bathroom.     Tub  or  shower.     Construction. 
Kitchen    sink    In    each    apartment. 

Sec.  39.  In  every  tenement  house  here- 
after erected  there  shall  be  a  bathtub  or 
shower  within  each  apartment,  and  such 
l^athtub  or  shower  shall  be  located  In  a 
separate  compartment,  or  there  may  be 
provided  one  such  bathtub  or  shower  in 
a  separate  compartment  for  every  three 
such  apartinents  which  are  not  provided 
with  private  baths  or  showers;  provided, 
that  said  bathtub  or  shower  is  on  the 
same  floor  and  is  accessible  from  each 
apartment    through   the   public   hallway. 

In  every  tenement  house  hereafter 
erected  there  shall  be  at  least  one  kitchen 
sink    within    each    apartment. 

The  walls,  floors  and  openings  to  every 
bath,  shower  or  slop-sink  room  hereafter 
constructed  shall  conform  to  all  of  the 
provisions     of    this     act    relative    to    the 


26 


waterproofing'  of  the  walls  and  floors,  and 
of  the  construction  of  the  doors  of  water- 
closet  compartments  in  tenement  houses 
hereafter  erected. 

Bathtubs     or     showers     in     prior     erected 
house.      Number    required. 

Sec.  40.  In  every  tenement  house 
erected  prior  to  the  passage  of  this  act 
there  shall  be  provided  at  least  one  bath- 
tub or  shower  in  a  separate  compart- 
ment, located  on  the  same  floor,  for  every 
five  apartments,  or  fractional  part  there- 
of, which  are  not  provided  with  private 
baths  or  showers,  on  each  such  floor,  and 
there  shall  be  provided  at  least  one 
kitchen  sink  in  each  apartment;  provided, 
however,  that  the  department  charged 
with  the  enforcement  of  this  act  may 
exempt  any  tenement  house  existing  at 
the  time  of  the  passage  of  this  act  from 
fully  complying  with  the  provisions  of 
this  section  when,  in  its  discretion,  such 
deviation  will  not  be  detrimental  to  the 
health  of  the  occupants  thereof  or  to  the 
sanitation  of  the  said  tenement  house  or 
premises;  provided,  furthei',  that  no  such 
exemption  shall  apply  to  any  addition  or 
extension  to  a  tenement  house. 
Plumbing.      Type   of  faucets  and    number. 

Sec.  41.  In  every  tenement  house  here- 
after erected  every  plumbing  fixture  shall 
be  provided  with  running  water,  and  there 
shall  be  provided  faucets,  with  running 
water,  sufficient  in  number  so  that  all  of 
the  yards,  courts  and  passageways  may 
be  washed.  Faucets  shall  be  of  the  hose 
bibb  type,  not  less  than  three-quarter 
inch  size. 

Every  plumbing  fixture  affecting  the 
sanitary  drainage  system  in  tenement 
houses  hereafter  erected  shall  be  properly 
connected  with  the  street  sewer,  if  a 
street  sewer  exists  in  the  street  abutting 
the  lot  on  which  the  building  is  located 
and  is  ready  to  receive  connections.  When 
it  is  impracticable  to  connect  such  plumb- 
ing fixtures  with  a  street  sewer,  then  the 
plumbing  fixtures  shall  be  connected  and 
drained  into  a  cesspool  constructed  satis- 
factorily to  the  department  charged  with 
the  enforcement  of  this  act;  or  some 
other  means  of  sewage  disposal  satis- 
factory to  the  department  charged  with 
the  enforcement  of  this  act  may  be  made 
until  such  time  as  it  may  become  prac- 
ticable and  possible  to  connect  with  the 
street   sewer. 

Water  for  plumbing  fixture.  Faucet  three- 
quarter    inch. 

Sec.  42.  In  every  tenement  house 
erected  prior  to  the  passage  of  this  act, 
every  plumbing  fixture  shall  be  provided 
with  running  water,  and  there  shall  be 
provided  faucets,  with  running  water, 
sufficient  in  number  so  that  all  of  the 
yards,  courts  and  passageways  may  be 
washed.  Faucets  shall  be  of  the  hose 
bibb  type,  not  less  than  three-quarter 
inch   size. 

Plumbing  fixtures  where  no  water.    Privy 
vault. 

Sec.  43.  Water-closets,  baths,  showers, 
sinks,  slop-sinks,  faucets  and  other 
plumbing  fixtures  required  by  this  act 
need  not  be  installed  in  the  event  that 
the  tenement  house  hereafter  erected  or 
an  existing  tenement  house,  as  the  case 
may  be,  is  situated  where  there  is  no 
running  water  and  where  there  is  no 
practical  means  of  sewage  disposal,  until 
such  time  as  it  becomes  practicable  and 
possible  to  obtain  running  water  and 
means  of  sewage  disposal;  provided,  in 
every   svich   case    the   department   charged 


with  the  enforcement  of  this  act  shall 
decide  whether  or  not  it  is  practicable 
and  possible  to  provide  runn.ng  waier 
and  proper  means  of  sewage  disposal.  A 
special  permit  in  writing  shall  be  obtained 
in  every  such  case  from  tlfe  department 
charged  with  the  enforcement  of  this  act, 
which  permit  shall  be  made  in  duplicate, 
and  a  copy  thereof  shall  remain  on  file 
in  the  department  issuing  it;  provided, 
fu'-ther,  tnat  proper,  separate  toilet  fa- 
cilities for  each  sex  shall  be  provided  for 
the  use  of  the  occupants  of  such  build- 
ing. Such  facilities  shall  be  made  sani- 
tary. A  privy,  or  toilet  other  than  ,a. 
water-closet,  erected  under  the  authority 
of  this  section  shall  consist  of  a  :pit  at 
least  three  feet  deep,  with  suitable  shelter 
over  the  same  to  afford  privacy  and  pro- 
tection from  the  elements.  The  openings 
of  the  shelter  and  pit  shall  be  enclosed 
by  mosquito  screening,  and  the  door  to 
the  shelter  shall  be  made  to  close  auto- 
matically by  means  of  a  spring  or  other 
device.  No  privy  pit  shall  be  allowed  to 
become  filled  with  excreta  to  nearer  than 
one  foot  from  the  surface  of  the  ground, 
and  the  excreta  in  the  pit  shall  be  covered 
with  earth,  ashes,  lime  or  similar  sub- 
stances at  regular  intervals.  All  drain- 
age water  shall  be  conveyed  from  the 
premises  by  means  of  a  covered  drain  to 
a  covered  cesspool. 
Plumbing   trapped   and  vented.  Woodwork 

removed.      Wooden   seats.     Sanitation. 

When  plumbing  fixture  ordered  out. 
Sec.  44.  In  every  tenement  house  here- 
after erected  all  plumbing  fixtures  affect- 
ing the  .sanitary  drainage  system  shall  be 
properly  trapped  and  vented  and  made 
sanitary  in  every  particular.  In  any  tene- 
ment house  hereafter  erected,  and  in  any 
tenement  house  erected  prior  to  the  pass- 
age of  this  act,  no  plumbing  fixtures  shall 
be  enclosed  with  woodwork,  but  the  space 
under  and  around  same  must  be  left  en- 
tirely open.  All  woodwork  enclosing  a 
water-closet,  sink,  slop-sink,  wash  tray 
or  lavoratory  shall  be  removed  and  the 
floor  and  wall  surface  beneath  and  around 
such  water-closet,  sink,  slop-sink,  wash- 
tray  or  lavatory  shall  be  maintained  in 
good  repair,  and  if  of  wood,  well  painted 
with  a  light  colored  paint  of  sufficient 
body  to  make  it  nonabsorbent.  All  wood- 
en seats,  attached  to  water-closet  bowls, 
shall  be  varnished  or  enameled,  oi'  by 
some  other  method  be  made  nonabsorb- 
ent. 

In  every  tenement  house  hereafter 
erected  water-closets  shall  have  earthen- 
ware bowls  and  shall  have  earthenware 
seats  integral  with  the  bowls,  or  wooden 
seats  varnished  or  enameled  so  as  to  be 
nonabsorbent,  or  seats  made  of  some 
nonabsorbent  material  attached  directly 
to  the  bowls.  No  wooden  wash  trays  or 
wooden  kitchen  sinks  shall  be  permitted 
in  such  buildings.  All  plumbing  connec- 
tions hereafter  made  in  buildings  shall 
be  of  standard  lead,  iron,  steel  or  brass; 
and  every  gas  and  water  service  connec- 
tion hereafter  made  shall  be  of  steel  or 
iron,  and  shall  be  equipped  with  cut-off 
valves  placed  outside  of  the  building  and 
such  cut-off  valves  shall  be  readily  ac- 
cessible. 

Whenever  any  plumbing  fixture  be- 
comes insanitary  the  department  charged 
with  the  enforcement  of  this  act  is  hereby 
empowered  to  order  the  same  removed 
and  to  order  that  it  be  replaced  by  a 
fixture  conforming  to  the  provisions  of 
this  act. 


127 


Egress   from    apartment.      Fire   escape. 

Sec.  45.  Every  tenement  house  here- 
after erected,  three  or  more  stories  in 
height,  and  in  which  there  are  three  or 
more  apartments  on  any  one  floor,  shall 
be  so  designed  and  constructed  that  every 
apartment  in  such  building-  shall  have  not 
less  than  two  means  of  egress,  either  by 
stairways  or  fire  escapes,  constructed  in 
accordance  with  the  provisions  of  this 
act.  Such  means  of  egress  shall  be  ac- 
cessible from  every  apartment,  either  di- 
rectly or  through  a  public  hallway,  and 
so  located  that  should  one  egress  be  or 
become  blocked,  the  other  agress  shall  be 
available. 

Stairways.      Two    at    least.      Width.      Out- 
side   to    cellar   or    basement. 

Sec.  45.  Every  tenement  house  here- 
after erected  shall  have  not  less  than  two 
stairways. 

Every  fireproof  tenement  house  here- 
after erected  shall  have  not  less  than  one 
stairway,  not  less  than  three  feet  six 
inches  wide,  for  each  six  thousand  square 
feet,  or  fractional  part  thereof,  of  floor 
area  in  any  one  floor  above  the  first  floor 
thereof. 

Every  semi-fireproof  tenement  house 
hereafter  erected  shall  have  not  less  than 
one  stairway,  not  less  than  three  feet  six 
inches  wide,  for  each  four  thousand 
scjuare  feet,  or  fractional  part  thereof,  of 
floor  area  in  any  one  floor  above  the  first 
floor   thereof. 

Every  wooden  tenement  house  here- 
after erected  shall  have  not  less  than  one 
stairway,  not  less  than  three  feet  six 
inches  wide,  for  each  three  thousand 
square  feet,  or  fractional  part  thereof,  of 
floor  area  in  any  one  floor  above  the  flrst 
floor   thereof. 

Every  tenement  house  hereafter  erected 
shall    have    not    less    than    one    stairway 
leading    from    the    outside    to    every   base- 
ment  or   cellar  thereof. 
Stairways.     Computing   number  of. 

Sec.  47.  The  largest  floor  area  above 
the  ground  floor  shall  be  used  as  the  basis 
for  computing  the  number  of  stairways 
required  in  every  tenement  house  here- 
after erected;  provided,  that  if  all  floors 
above  the  largest  floor  area  of  the  build- 
ing are  diminished  in  area,  the  stairway 
or  stairways  from  that  portion  of  the 
building  containing  a  smaller  area  may  be 
computed  on  the  basis  of  the  largest  floor 
area  in  that  portion  of  the  building. 
Stairways.  Access  to.  When  may  abut 
on  elevator  shaft.  Steam  boiler.  Fur- 
nace  room. 

Sec.  48.  All  stairways  hereafter  con- 
structed shall  be  located  so  as  to  furnish 
the  best  means  of  egress  from  the  build- 
ing, and  shall  be  as  far  removed  from 
each  other  as  practicable,  and  shall  be  as 
follows: 

Access  to  stairways  shall  be  provided 
at  every  floor  by  means  of  a  public  hall- 
way, corridor,  or  passageway,  and  the 
public  hallway,  corridor,  passageway  and 
stairway  from  the  ground  exit  level  to 
the  top  story  or  roof  shall  be  accessible 
at  all   times. 

No  stairway  shall  abut  on  more  than 
one  side  of  an  elevator  shaft,  except  on 
the  lowest  and  topmost  stories,  provided 
that  the  stairway  is  so  located  that  it 
can  be  approached  from  the  street 
entrance  without  passing  by  or  in  front 
of  the  open  side  of  the  said  elevator  shaft. 

'No'  stairway  shall  be  located  over  a 
steam  boiler,  gas  meter  or  gas  heater  or 
furnace,    unless    such    boiler,    gas    meter, 


gas  heater  or  furnace  be  located  in  a 
room,  the  walls  and  ceiling  of  which  are 
constructed  as  required  for  a  boiler  room 
by  section  sixty-three  of  this  act.  No 
stairway  leading  from  any  other  portion 
of  the  building  shall  terminate  in  or  pass 
through  a  boiler  room. 
Stairways.  Rise  and  run.  Head  room. 
Handrail.  Ground  to  top  story.  Con- 
struction.     Winding    stairs    forbidden. 

Sec.  49.  Every  stairway  hereafter  con- 
structed shall  be  as  follows:  have  a  rise 
of  not  more  than  eight  inches  and  a  run 
of  not  less  than  nine  inches,  without 
change  in  the  run  or  rise  between  floors; 
and  shall  be  provided  with  head  room  of 
not  less  than  six  feet  six  inches  meas- 
ured from  the  nearest  nosing  of  the  stair- 
way to  the  nearest  soffit. 

The  depth  of  ever.v  landing  in  a  stair- 
way shall  be  not  less  than  the  width  of 
the  stairwaj",  and  all  treads  shall  be  of 
equal  width  for  every  run  of  sJtairs,  and 
shall  not  vary  in  width  in  the  width  of 
the   stairs. 

Stairways  required  b>'  this  act  shall  be 
continuous  from  the  ground  floor  level  to 
the  top  story,  i.  e.,  the  flights  of  such 
stairways  shall  be  constructed  one  di- 
rectly above  the  other,  or  shall  he  con- 
structed so  that  each  flight  shall  be  in 
plain  view  of  each  succeeding  flight;  pro- 
vided, however,  that  half  of  the  stair- 
ways from  the  upper  floors  may  termi- 
nate at  the  second  floor,  in  the  event  that 
the  stairways  from  the  first  to  the  second 
floor  be  increased  in  width  not  less  than 
titty   per   cent. 

Every  stairway  shall  have  at  least  one 
handrail,  and  if  the  stairway  be  five  feet 
or  more  in  width,  shall  have  a  handrail 
on   each  side  thereof. 

The  underside  and  soffits  of  wooden 
stairways  and  the  outside  stringers  of 
open  stairways,  except  outside  stairway, 
in  semi-fireproof  and  wooden  tenement 
houses  shall  be  metal  lathed  and  plastered 
not  less  than  three-quarters  inch  thick 
including  the  lath,  or  lathed  with  an  ap- 
proved plaster  board  and  plastered  not 
less  than  three-quarters  inch  thick  in- 
cluding  the   plaster   board. 

The  width  of  stairways  shall  be  meas- 
ured in  the  clear  of  all  projections  except 
the  baseboards,  and  except  that  handrails 
and  newel  posts  may  project  not  more 
than  four  inches. 
Stairway.      When    closet   under   forbidden. 

Sec.  50.  No  closet  of  any  kind  shall  be 
constructed  in  any  tenement  house  under 
any  wooden  stairway,  but  such  space 
shall  be  kept  entirely  open,  and  be  kept 
clean  and  free  from  all  encumbrances; 
or  such  space  shall  be  effectually  closed 
with  walls  of  studs,  lathed  and  plastered, 
with  no  door  or  opening  of  any  kind  ■ 
therein;  provided,  however,  that  the  pro- 
visions of  this  section  as  to  a  closet  under 
a  stairway  shall  not  apply  to  any  tene- 
ment house  not  more  than  two  stories  in 
height,  in  which  not  more  than  two  fam- 
ilies live  above  the  flrst  floor  thereof. 
Stairway.  One  runs  to  roof.  Scuttle. 
Penthouse.  Construction.  Scuttle  or 
penthouse   door   not  to   be  locked. 

Sec.  51.  In  t'ver\'  tenement  house  here- 
after erected  more  than  two  stories  in 
height,  the  stairway  nearest  to  the  main 
entrance  of  the  building  shall  be  carried 
to  the  roof  level  and  shall  give  egress  to 
the  roof  through  a  penthouse  or  roof 
structure. 

In  every  such  building  not  exceeding 
two   stories   in  height  there  shall  be  con- 


28 


structed  a  scuttle  in  the  public  hallway 
near  the  stairway.  Such  scuttle  shall  be 
not  less  than  two  feet  by  three  feet  in 
area,  and  shall  be  cut  through  the  ceil- 
ing  and  roof. 

Pentnouses  over  stairways  shall  be  built 
either  of  fii'eproof  materials  or  of  wood 
studs,  lathed  with  metal  lath  or  approved 
plaster  board  and  plastered  not  less  than 
three-quarters  inch  thick,  includmg  the 
lath  or  plaster  board  on  the  inside  and 
outside  thereof;  or  such  penthouses  may 
be  covered  in  the  same  manner  and  with 
the  same  kind  of  materials  as  required 
by  this  act  for  the  doors  from  such  pent- 
houses. 

The  door  to  the  roof  from  a  penthouse 
or  roof  structure  shall  be  self-closing  and 
shall  open  outward  to  the  roof,  and  shall 
be  covered  on  both  sides  and  edges  with 
tin  or  other  metal. 

The  frames  and  trim  of  such  door  open- 
ing shall  be  similarly  constructed  and  all 
glass  in  such  door  shall  be  wired  glass 
not  less   than   one-fourth  inch  thick. 

Every  tenement  house  of  more  than  two 
stories  in  height,  erected  prior  to  the 
passage  of  this  act,  shall  have  in  the  roof 
a  penthouse  or  a  scuttle,  which  scuttle 
shall  be  not  less  than  two  feet  by  three 
feet  in  area,  located  in  the  ceiling  of  a 
public  hallway.  There  shall  be  provided 
a  stairway  or  a  stationary  ladder,  lead- 
ing from  the  top  floor  of  such  tenement 
house  to  the  roof  thereof.  Such  stairway 
or  stationary  ladder  shall  be  made  readily- 
accessible  to  all  the  tenants  of  the  build- 
ing. No  scuttle  or  penthouse  door  shall 
at  any  time  be  locked  with  a  key,  but 
may  be  fastened  on  the  inside  by  a  mov- 
able  bolt  or  lock. 

Public  hallways,  landings,  and  corridors. 
Width. 

Sec.  52.  Public  hallways,  landings  and 
corridors  from  stairways  shall  be  of  the 
same  width  and  measured  in  the  same 
manner  as  the  stairways,  as  provided  in 
section   fifty  hereof. 

Fire  escapes.  When  required.  At  least 
one.  Number,  how  estimated.  Five 
types.  Construction.  One  on  front  of 
house.      Metal    painted    or    galvanized. 

Sec.  53.  On  every  tenement  house  here- 
after erected  more  than  two  stories  in 
height,  which  contains  more  than  three 
apartments,  there  shall  be  provided  at 
least  one  fire  escape.  If  such  tenement 
house  exceeds  three  thousand  square  feet 
of  floor  area  on  any  one  floor  above  the 
second  floor  thereof,  such  building  shall 
be  provided  with  one  additional  fire 
escape  for  each  four  thousand  square  feet 
of  floor  area  or  fractional  part  thereof. 

Fire  escapes  required  by  this  act  shall 
be   of  one  of  the  following  types: 

Type  1.  Metallic  throughout  and  fas- 
tened securely  to  the  exterior  walls  of  tne 
building,  with  a  balcony  at  each  story 
above  the  first  story  thereof,  with  in- 
clined stairways  connecting  all  balconies 
and  a  goose-neck  ladder  connecting  the 
topmost  balcony  to  the  roof.  The  lowest 
balcony  of  such  fire  escape  to  be  not  more 
than  fourteen  feet  above  the  street  or 
ground    level   directly   under   same. 

All  metallic  balconies  shall  be  not  less 
than  forty-four  inches  in  width  nor  less 
than  thirty-three  square  feet  in  area.  The 
stairway  openings  therein  shall  be  not 
less  than  twenty-one  inches  wide  and 
forty  mches  in  length.  The  balcony  bal- 
ustrade shall  be  not  less  than  thirty-four 
inches  high,  with  no  opening  in  such  bal- 


ustrade greater  than  eight  inches  in  hori- 
zontal  dimension. 

There  shall  be  no  opening  greater  than 
one  inch  in  width  in  a  fire  escape  balcony 
]3latform,  except  the- stair  well  opening. 
There  shall  be  no  o'pening  greater  than 
one  inch  in  width  in  the  lowest  fire  escape 
balcony  platform,  except  that  there  be 
attached  a  counterbalanced  or  permanent 
ladder  reaching  to  the  street  or  ground 
l>elow. 

Every  balcony  platform  shall  be  fast- 
ened to  the  outside  walls  of  the  building 
by  building  in  and  anchoring  to  such 
walls  the  balcony  platform  and  the  balus- 
trade framing,  or  by  securely  boiling  same 
thereto.  Every  balcony  shall  be  supported 
by  brackets,  braces,  or  struts  fastened  to 
or   built  in  and  anchored  to  the  walls. 

The  inclined  stairways  shall  be  not  less 
than  eighteen  inches  in  width  and  placed 
in  no  part  nearer  than  twenty-one  inches 
from  the  face  of  the  wall.  Such  inclined 
stairways  shall  have  an  inclination  of  not 
less  than  four  inches  and  not  more  than 
six  inches  horizontally  to  each  twelve 
inches  of  vertical  height.  The  treads 
shall  be  not  less  than  four  inches  wide, 
placed  not  more  than  twelve  inches  apart. 
Each  side  of  such  stairways  shall  be  pro- 
vided with  a  handrail  not  less  than  one 
inch  in  diameter  fastened  to  the  stair 
stringers  and  continued  around  the  well 
hole    openings    of   balcony   platform. 

The  goose-neck  ladder  shall  be  not  less 
than  fifteen  inches  wide  and  extend  verti- 
cally from  the  topmost  balcony  to  three 
feet  above  the  fire  wall  or  roof  above, 
and  then  be  brought  down  and  fastened 
to  the  inside  face  of  the  fire  wall  or  to 
the  roof.  The  rungs  of  the  goose-neck 
ladder  shall  be  not  less  than  five-eighths 
inch  round  iron  or  steel,  placed  not  more 
than  fourteen  inches  apart.  The  goose- 
neck ladder  shall  be  securely  braced  and 
fastened  to  the  outside  wall,  and  in  no 
case  shall  such  ladder  pass  in  front  of 
any  opening  in  the  wall  to  the  interior  of 
the  building.  The  cornice  opening  for  the 
passage  of  such  ladder  shall  be  not  less 
than  twenty-four  inches  in  width  and 
twenty-four  inches  in  the  clear  outside 
of  the  ladder. 

Such  fire  escape  shall  be  framed  and 
riveted  or  bolted  together  in  a  solid,  sub- 
stantial manner  and  properly  supported, 
braced  and  fastened  to  the  outside  walls 
so  as  to  be  rigid,  durable  and  secure  and 
carry  the   loads  imposed. 

All  metallic  fire  escapes  shall  be  painted 
with  not  less  than  two  coats  of  good,  dur- 
able paint;  or  such  fire  escapes  may  be 
galvanized. 

Type  2.  Metallic  ladders  and  stairways 
conforming  to  the  provisions  set  forth  for 
type  one  and  with  reinforced  concrete  or 
iron  or  steel  fireproofed  balconies,  with 
fastenings  of  similar  materials.  Such  bal- 
conies to  measure  the  full  size  inside  of 
balustrades.  Floor  openings  and  well 
holes  provided  and  protected  similarly  to 
the   requirements  for  metallic  balconies. 

Type  .3.  Any  type  of  an  enclosed  ap- 
proved metallic  spiral  fire  escape  which 
consists  of  a  rigid  form  of  an  inclined 
chute  or  chutes  constructed  entirely  of 
incombustible  material;  securely  attached 
to  the  outside  walls  of  building;  provided 
with  proper  means  of  ingress  thereto  from 
the  building  and  egress  therefrom  at  the 
bottom;  having  means  enabling  firemen 
to  reach  the  roof  thereby  from  the 
ground;  equipped  with  standpipes;  painted 
the    same    as    provided    for    metallic    fire 


129 


escapes;  and  satisfactory  to  the  depart- 
ment charged  with  the  enforcement  of 
this  act  as  being  as  solid,  substantial  and 
durable  and  as  fireproof  in  construction, 
and  providing  at  least  as  safe  and  efficient 
means  of  escape  from  the  buikLng  for 
the  occupants  thereof,  and  furnishing  all 
the  protection  and  utility  of  the  metallic 
fire  escapes  described  as  "type  one"  in 
this   act. 

Type  4.  Fire  and  smoke  towers,  con- 
sisting of  a  fire  escape  stairway  not  less 
than  twenty  inches  in  width,  constructed 
of  reinforced  concrete,  iron  or  steel,  or 
a  combination  of  these  materials;  ana  in 
all  other  details  as  required  in  this  act 
for  metallic  fire  escape  stairways;  said 
stairways  lieing  continuous  the  full  heiglit 
of  the  building  from  the  first  floor  exit 
level  to  the  roof,  and  with  handrails  on 
each  side  thereof  the  full  length  of  same. 
Such  stairways  to  be  constructed  at  a 
point  adjoining  the  e.xterior  walls  of  the 
building  and  be  entirely  enclosed  with 
walls  of  brick,  terra  cotta  tile,  concrete 
or  reinforced  concrete  not  less  than  twelve 
inches  thick;  such  walls  to  be  continu- 
ous from  the  basement  up  to  and  ex- 
tending three  feet  above  the  roof  of  the 
building,  with  no  covering  of  any  kind 
over  same,  and  with  no  openings  in  the 
walls  of  such  tower  into  the  building. 
The  enclosing  walls  of  such  tower  not  to 
be  used  to  carry  or  suppoit  any  floor 
joist,  beam,  girder  or  other  structural 
feature  of  the  building,  nor  to  be  chased 
for  any  pipe,  conduit  or  other  purpose; 
to  have  an  exit  from  the  enclosure  at 
the  first  floor  line  opening  directly  to  a 
street  or  yard,  and  having  an  entrance 
by  means  of  an  outside  balcony  at  each 
floor,  such  balconies  to  have  a  solid  floor 
and  in  all  other  details  and  kind  of  ma- 
terials to  be  as  in  this  act  required  for 
metallic  fire  escape  balconies.  The  bal- 
conies to  be  located  and  arranged  to  con- 
nect with  a  door  opening  from  a  public 
hallway  in  the  interior  of  the  building 
and  with  a  door  opening  leading  from  the 
balcony  to  the  tower,  such  door  opening 
from  the  building  to  the  balcony  and 
from  the  balcony  to  the  tower  to  be  not 
less  than  thirty  inches  wide  by  .seventy- 
two  inches  high  and  be  equipped  with 
metal-lined  doors  and  with  a  fraTne  and 
threshold  of  such  door  openings  con- 
."tructed    of   fireproof   materials. 

Type  .5.  A  Are  and  smoke  tower  in 
every  way  similar  to  "type  four"  of  this 
section,  except  that  instead  of  the  out- 
side balcony  there  be  built  a  vestibule 
with  enclosing  walls  continuous  with  and 
of  the  same  kind  of  materials  and  of  the 
same  thickness  as  the  enclosing  walls  of 
the  fire  tower;  that  the  vestibule  opening 
be  direct  from  a  public  hallway  and  be 
equipped  with  metal-lined  doors.  The 
vestibule  floor  to  be  of  masonry  construc- 
tion. The  enclosure  to  have  an  opening 
at  each  floor  through  the  exterior  wall 
of  the  building,  such  opening  to  extend 
from  the  floor  to  the  ceiling  and  be  not 
less  in  width  than  three-fourths  of  the 
width  of  the  tower,  said  opening  to  be 
protected  with  an  open  metallic  balus- 
trade similar  to  that  specified  for  metal- 
lic fire  escape  balconies. 
Fire  escapes.  Type  4  or  5  when  consid- 
ered   stairway. 

Sec.  54.  In  any  tenement  house  here- 
after erected  in  which  there  is  con- 
structed a  Are  escape  of  "type  four"  or 
"type  five,"  as  prescribed  in  this  act, 
such    fire    escape    may    be    used   and   con- 


structed as  a  stairway  and  a  tire  escape 
combined;  provided,  that  there  is  at 
least  one  other  stairway  or  one  other 
fire  escape  constructed  in  accordance 
with  the  provisions  of  this  act,  in  the 
said    l)uilding. 

Fire    escapes.      One   on    street  front.      Lo- 
cation of.     Signs. 

Sec.  55.  I'^lvery  fire  escape  required  by 
this  act  shall  be  located  on  the  building 
so  as  to  furnish  the  best  means  of  es- 
cape therefrom  for  the  occupants,  ana  at 
least  one  such  fire  escape  shall  be  located 
on  a  street  front.  Every  fire  escape  shall 
have  egress  thereto  from  a  public  hall- 
way or  passageway  not  less  than  three 
feet  wide,  or  such  fire  escapes  in  lieu 
of  being  located  on  a  public  haliway, 
shall  be  so  located  that  each  apartment 
has  direct  egress  thereto  without  pass- 
ing through  another  apartment,  or  if  a 
public  parlor,  public  lobby,  corridor  or 
passageway  through  a  clear  and  unob- 
structed opening  without  doors,  then 
egress  may  be  had  thereby  to  a  fire  es- 
cape. Signs  both  pointing  towards  and 
marking  the  locations  of  fire  escapes 
shall  be  placed  on  each  floor. 
Fire  escapes.  Basis  of  computing  num- 
ber. 

Sec.  56.  The  largest  floor  area  above 
the  second  floor  shall  be  used  as  a  basis 
for  computing  the  number  of  fire  escapes 
required  by  this  act;  provided,  that  if  all 
floors  above  the  largest  floor  area  are 
diminished  in  size,  the  number  of  fire  es- 
capes from  that  portion  of  the  building 
containing  the  smaler  area  may  be  com- 
puted on  the  basis  of  the  largest  floor 
area  in  that  portion  of  the  building. 
Fire  escapes.  Load.  Supports.  Fasten- 
ings. Size  of  window  or  door  open- 
ing   on. 

Sec.  57.  All  parts  of  each  balcony  plat- 
form of  a  fire  escape  shall  be  designed  to 
carry,  in  addition  to  the  dead  loaa  inere- 
of,  a  live  load  of  one  hundred  pounds  per 
square  foot  over  the  entire  area  thereof 
(using  outside  dimensions)  and  the  live 
and  dead  loads  from  the  ladders  or  stairs 
supported    thereon. 

Each  ladder  shall  be  designed  to  with- 
stand a  horizontal  pressure  of  one  hun- 
dred   pounds   per   square   foot. 

Each  stairway  shall  be  designed  to 
carry,  in  addition  to  the  dead  load  there- 
of, a  live  load  of  one  hundred  and  fifty 
pounds  per  square  foot  of  horizontal  pro- 
jection. 

Top  rails  of  balcony  balustrades  shall 
be  designed  to  withstand  a  horizontal 
pressure  of  one  hundred  pounds  per  lin- 
eal  foot   of   railing. 

Each  balcony  shall  be  independently 
supported. 

All  fastenings  of  fire  escape  balconies 
to  the  building  shall  be  designed  to  carry 
twenty-five  per  cent  greater  load  than  tne 
total  dead  and  live  loads  carried  by  the 
balconies.  The  balcony  anchorage  shall 
be  direct  to  the  structural  steel  or  iron 
members  of  the  balustrades  and  plat- 
forms extended  into  the  walls  and  an- 
chored into  the  structural  work'  of  the 
building. 

The  level  of  the  inside  sill  of  the  door 
or  window  giving  access  to  a  fire  escape 
balcony  or  the  balcony  floor  shall  be 
not  more  than  thirty  inches  above  the 
adjoining  floor  in  the  building.  Every 
such  door  or  window  opening  shall  be 
not  less  than  twenty-nine  inches  in  clear 
width,  nor  less  than  fifty-eight  Inches  in 
height. 


30 


Where  double-hung  windows  are  used 
in  such  openings,  the  lower  sash  shall  be 
at  least  the  size  of  the  upper  sash  and 
shall  slide  to  the  top  of  such  opening. 
Any  lock  used  on  any  such  window  shall 
be  of  a  type  which  can  be  readily  opened 
from  the  interior  of  the  building  without 
the  use  of  a  key  or  other  tool. 
Fire    escapes.      Maintenance   of. 

Sec.  58.  Every  fire  escape  in  or  on 
tenement  houses  hereafter  erected,  or  in 
or  on  tenement  houses  erected  prior  to 
the  passage  of  this  act,  shall  at  all  times 
be  maintained  in  good  order  and  repair, 
well  painted  and  clear  and  unobstructed 
at  all  times,  and  lie  readily  accessible. 
Standpipes.  When  required.  Size.  Sia- 
mese  Inlet.     Location. 

Sec.  59.  On  every  tenement  house 
hereafter  erected  four  or  more  stories  in 
height,  there  shall  be  provided  one  or 
more  metallic  standpipes.  Each  sucn 
standpipe  shall  be  not  less  than  four 
inches  in  internal  diameter,  and  shall 
have  a  Siamese  inlet  valve  near  the  side- 
walk or  the  ground  directly  under  same, 
and  an  outlet  valve  at  each  story  above 
the   first   story   and   on   the   roof. 

One  such  standpipe  shall  be  placed  on 
or  in  the  exterior  walls  of  the  building 
at  one  fire  escape  on  each  street  front- 
age, and  the  outlet  valves  shall  be  read- 
ily accessible  from  the  balconies  of  the 
Are    escape. 

The  inlet  and  outlet  valves  on  every 
standpipe  shall  be  threaded  and  brought 
to  a  size  which  will  meet  the  standard 
connections  of  the  local  fire  department 
of  the  municipality  in  which  such  tene- 
ment   house    is   being   erected. 

The  standpipes  required  by  this  sec- 
tion need  not  be  installed  in  any  tene- 
ment house  which  is  situated  where 
there  is  no  running  water  and  where  it 
is  not  practicable  or  possible  to  obtain 
water  for  efficient  use  of  such  stand- 
pipes  in  case  of  fire,  until  such  time  as 
it  is  practicable  and  possible  to  obtain 
runnning  water:  and  the  department 
charged  with  the  enforcement  of  this  act 
shall  decide  whether  or  not  it  is  possible 
or  practicable  to  obtain  running  water. 
Shaft.  Elevator,  dumb-w/aiter,  vent  shaft. 
Construction.      Door  or  window. 

Sec.  60.  In  every  fireproof  tenement 
house  hereafter  erected,  every  elevator 
shaft,  dumb-waiter  shaft  or  other  in- 
terior shaft  shall  be  enclosed  in  walls 
constructed  of  concrete,  reinforced  con- 
crete, brick,  terra  cotta  tile  or  other 
similar  hard  incombustible  materials,  or 
shall  be  constructed  of  metal  studs 
lathed  either  with  metal  lath  or  an  ap- 
proved plaster  board  and  plastered  on 
both  sides  so  as  to  make  a  solid  parti- 
tion   not   less   than   two   inches   thick. 

In  every  semiflreproof  or  wooden  tene- 
ment house  hereafter  erected,  every  sucn 
shaft  shall  be  inclosed  by  walls  con- 
structed as  provided  by  this  act  for  fire- 
proof tenement  houses,  or  such  walls 
may  be  constructed  with  wood  studs, 
with  wood  firestops  the  same  size  as  the 
studs,  cut  in  between  the  studs  at  eacn 
floor  and  half  way  between  each  floor, 
lathed  on  both  sides  with  metal  lath  or 
an  approved  plaster  board  and  be  plas- 
tered not  less  than  three-quarters  inch 
thick  including  the  lath-  or  the  plaster 
board. 

Every  opening  from  any  shaft  into  the 
building  shall  be  equipped  with  a  metal 
door   and   with   door   frame   and   trim  en- 


tirely of  metal;  or  such  door  and  door 
frame  shall  be  constructed  of  wood  cov- 
ered with  metal  on  the  shaft  side  there- 
of and  if  there  is  any  glass  therein,  such 
glass  shall  be  wired  glass  not  less  than 
one-fourth  (i^,)  inch  thick.  Every  door 
or  window  therein  shall  be  made  to  close 
tight,  and  every  door  except  elevator 
doors   therein   shall   be  self-closing. 

Every  window  in  such  shaft  shall  be  of 
wired  glass,  not  less  than  one-fourth  (Vi) 
inch  thick,  set  in  a  metal  sash  or  a  sash 
metal  covered  on  the  shaft  side  thereof. 
At  the  roof  over  every  elevator  shaft 
there  shall  be  constructed  a  ventilating 
skylight  or  a  ventilator  with  open  louvres. 
Vent  shaft.  Construction.  Openings  in. 
Area.      Least    width.      Intake.      Pipes. 

Sec.  61.  In  every  tenement  house  here- 
after erected  every  vent  shaft  shall  be 
enclosed  with  walls  constructed  the  same 
as  required  by  this  act  for  elevator  shaft 
in  the  same  class  of  building...  Such  vent 
shafts  may,  in  a  semiflreproof  or  wooden 
tenement  house,  be  lined  on  the  outside 
thereof  (weather  side)  with  metal  in  lieu 
of  metal  lath  and  plaster;  also,  that  por- 
tion of  such  shaft  extending  from  the 
ceiling  joists  to  the  top  thereof  may  be 
lined  with  metal  in  the  same  manner  as 
is  required  for  the  weather  side  of  such 
vent    shaft. 

Every  opening  from  any  vent  shaft  into 
the  building  or  any  window  therein,  shall 
be  equipped  in  the  same  manner  as  re- 
quired by  this  act  for  elevator  shafts  in 
the   same   class   of  building. 

Plaster  on  the  weather  side  of  any  such 
shaft   shall    be   cement  plaster. 

Every  vent  shaft  required  by  this  act 
shall  be  not  less  than  four  feet  in  any 
direction  and  be  at  least  sixteen  square 
feet  in  area.  If  such  vent  shaft  exceeds 
fifty  feet  in  height,  measured  from  the 
bottom  to  the  top  of  the  walls  of  such 
shaft,  then  such  vent  shaft  shall  through- 
out its  entire  height  be  increased  in  area 
three  square  feet  for  each  additional  ten 
feet  or  fractional  part  hereof  above  fifty 
feet. 

Every  such  vent  shaft  shall  be  pro- 
vided with  an  air  intake  or  duct  at  or 
near  the  bottom  thereof,  communicating 
with  the  street  or  yard  or  a  court.  Such 
intake  shall  be  not  less  than  three  square 
feet  in  total  area,  and  may  be  divided 
into  not  more  than  three  separate  ducts 
running  between  the  joists  or  otherwise, 
and  shall  in  all  cases  be  placed  as  nearly 
horizontal  as  possible.  Every  such  intake 
or  duct  shall  be  constructed  of  approved 
fireproof  material  or  shall  be  of  metal  or 
metal  lined,  and  be  provided  with  a  wire 
screen  of  not  less  than  one  inch  mesh  at 
each  end.  Plumbing,  gas,  steam  or  other 
similar  pipes  may  be  placed  in  such  vent 
shaft. 

Every  such  vent  shaft  shall  have  a 
door  or  a  window  at  or  near  the  bottom 
of  the  shaft,  so  arranged  as  to  permit  of 
its  being  readily  cleaned  out. 
Inner  court.  Walls  fireproofed.  Con- 
struction. 

Sec.  62.  The  walls  of  every  inner  court 
in  a  fireproof  tenement  house  hereafter 
erected  shall  be  constructed  of  concrete, 
reinforced  concrete,  brick,  terra  cotta  tile 
or  other  similar  hard  incombustible  ma- 
terial. In  a  semiflreproof  or  in  a  wooden 
tenement  house  such  inner  court  walls, 
if  surrounded  on  four  sides  by  the  walls 
of  the  same  building,  shall  be  constructed 
as  provided  for  flreproof  tenement  houses, 
or  may  be  of  wood  studs,  with  wood  fire- 


31 


stops  the  same  size  as  the  studs,  cut  in 
between  the  studs  at  each  floor  and  half 
way  between  each  floor,  lathed  on  both 
sides  with  metal  lath,  or  an  approved 
plaster  board,  and  be  plastered  not  less 
than  three-quarters  inch  thick  including 
the  lath  or  the  plaster  board.  Plaster  on 
the  weather  side  of  such  inner  court  walls 
shall  be  cement  plaster,  or  such  inner 
court  walls  may  be  lined  on  the  weather 
side  with  not  less  than  the  number  twen- 
ty-six (gauge)  metal,  in  lieu  of  metal 
lath    and    plaster. 

Furnace    room.      Boiler    room.      Construc- 
tion.     Gravity  flow   of   oil    forbidden. 

Sec.  63.  In  every  tenement  house  here- 
after erected,  every  boiler  used  for  pur- 
poses of  heating  the  building,  using  fuel 
oth^r  than  gas,  and  every  heating  fur- 
nace or  water-heating  apparatus,  using 
oil  for  fuel,  shall  be  installed  in  a  room, 
the  walls  of  which  room  shall  be  built 
of  concrete,  reinforced  concrete,  brick, 
stone  or  terra  cotta  tile,  not  less  than 
six  (6)  inches  thick,  and  such  walls  shall 
extend  from  the  floor  of  the  boiler  room 
to  the  ceiling  over  same.  The  entire 
ceihng  of  such  room  shall  be  built  of 
similar  materials  as  the  walls,  or  shall 
be  built  with  a  double  ceiling,  with  a 
space  of  not  less  than  seven-eighths  inch 
between  the  two  ceilings;  each  ceiling 
shall  be  metal  lathed  or  lathed  with  an 
approved  plaster  board  and  be  plastered 
not  less  than  three-quarters  inch  thick, 
including  the  lath  or  plaster  board.  The 
floor  of  a  boiler  room  shall  be  of  con- 
crete not  less  than  two  (2)  inches  thick. 

Any  door  in  the  wall  of  such  room  shall 
be  a  fire-resisting  door,  constructed  of 
three  (3)  thicknesses  of  seven-eighths 
(%)  inch  by  not  more  than  six  (6)  inches, 
tongued  and  grooved,  matched  redwood 
boards  entirely  covered  on  the  sides  and 
edges  with  lock-jointed  tin;  every  sucn 
door  shall  be  self-closing,  so  hung  as  to 
overlap  the  walls  of  the  room  at  least 
three  (3)  inches,  and  any  glass  in  any 
such  door  or  any  glass  in  any  window 
or  opening  in  the  walls  of  a  boiler  room 
shall  be  wired  glass,  not  less  than  one- 
fourth  (14)  inch  thick,  set  in  a  metal  or 
metal   covered   sash. 

All  such  doors  shall  have  hinges,  hang- 
ers, latches  and  other  hardware  of 
wrought  iron,  bolted  to  the  doors,  and 
shall  have  steel  tracks,  when  sliding 
doors  are  used,  with  wrought-iron  stops 
land  binders  bolted  through  the  wall. 
Swinging  doors  shall  have  wall  eyes  of 
wrought  iron,  built  into  or  bolted  through 
the    wall. 

F^very  such  boiler  room  shall  have  a 
sill  across  each  door  not  less  than  four 
(4)  inches  high.  Such  sill  shall  be  of 
masonry,  and  the  doors  shall  overlap 
same  at  least  three  (3)  inches,  or  in  lieu 
of  a  masonry  sill  a  steel  or  iron  sill  may 
be  used,  in  which  case  the  bottom  of  the 
door  shall  close  tight  on  top  of  same. 
Every  swinging  door  in  a  boiler  room 
shall  open  outward  from  the  boiler  room. 

Where  oil  or  other  fluid  is  burned,  the 
oil  or  other  fluid  fuel  shall  not  be  fed  by 
a  gravity  flow. 

Automobile    room.      Construction. 

Sec.  64.  In  every  tenement  house  here- 
after erected  any  portion  of  such  build- 
ing, in  which  there  is  kept  or  stored  any 
automobile  or  automobiles,  shall  be  a 
room,  the  enclosing  partitions  of  which 
shall  be  built  of  concrete,  reinforced  con- 
crete,  brick,  stone  or  terra  cotta  tile,  not 


less  than  six  (6)  inches  thick,  or  may 
be  of  wood  studs  lined  on  the  automobile 
storage  room  side  with  redwood  boards 
not  less  than  seven-eighths  {%)  of  an 
inch  thick  covered  with  asbestos  paper 
one-eighth  (Vs)  of  an  inch  thick,  and 
then  covered  with  No.  26  (gauge)  gal- 
vanized iron,  and  such  enclosing  parti- 
tions shall  extend  from  the  floor  of  the 
room  to  the  ceiling  of  the  same.  The 
entire  ceiling  of  such  room  shall  be  built 
of  material  similar  to  that  used  in  the 
construction  of  its  walls,  or  shall  be 
either  metal  lathed  and  be  well  plastered 
or  be  lathed  with  an  approved  plaster 
V:)oard  and  be  well  plastered.  The  floor 
of  every  such  room  shall  be  of  concrete 
not    less    than    two    (2)    inches   thick. 

Every  door,  window  or  other  opening 
in  the  walls  of  such  room,  opening  to 
the  interior  of  the  building,  shall  be  pro- 
tected in  the  same  manner  as  required  by 
section  sixty-three  hereof  for  doors,  win- 
dows and  other  openings  in  a  boiler  room. 
Room   or  hallway  added.     Height  of. 

Sec.  65.  In  any  tenement  house  erected 
lirior  to  the  passage  of  this  act.  every 
additional  room  or  hallway  that  is  here- 
after constructed  or  created,  may  be  of 
the  same  height  as  the  other  rooms  or 
hallways  on  the  same  story  of  such  tene- 
ment   house. 

Room  In  prior  erected  house.  Living  or 
sleeping    In.      Public   hallway. 

Sec.  66.  Every  room  in  a  teneirient 
house  erected  prior  to  the  passage  of  this 
act  shall,  if  the  said  room  be  hereafter 
occupied  for  living  or  sleeping  purpo^3el3, 
have  a  window  of  an  area  not  less  than 
eight  square  feet,  opening  directly  upon  a 
street,  a  yard,  a  court  or  upon  a  vent 
shaft  not  less  than  twenty-flve  square 
feet  in  area,  which  vent  shaft  shall  in 
no  part  be  less  than  four  feet  wide  and 
open  and  unobstructed  without  roof  or 
skylight  over  same;  except  that  if  such 
room  be  located  on  the  top  floor  of  the 
building,  such  room  may  be  ventilated 
by  a  skylight  with  fixed  louvres  directly 
to  the  outer  lair,  or  may  have  a  "window 
opening  upon  a  vent  shaft  not  less  than 
ten  square  feet  in  area,  if  such  window 
from  the  room  be  not  more  than  three 
feet  below  the  top  of  the  wall  of  such 
vent   shaft. 

Every  public  hallway  in  every  tenement 
house  erected  prior  to  the  passage  of 
this  act,  which  does  not  conform  to  the 
provisions  for  public  hallways  in  build- 
ings hereafter  erected,  shall  be  provided 
with  light  and  ventilation  to  the  outer 
air.  Such  light  and  ventilation  shall  be 
provided  by  the  placing  of  windows  or 
skylights,  or  by  making  such  alterations 
as  in  the  judgment  of  the  housing  depart- 
ment may  be  deemed  necessary  to  accom- 
plisli    the    result. 

Cooking.  Forbidden  where.  Unlawful  to 
live  or  sleep  In  cellar,  bathroom, 
dressing    room,  etc.     Overcrowding. 

Sec.  67.  It  .shall  be  unlawful  for  any 
person  lo  cook  or  to  prepare  food,  or  to 
permit  or  suffer  any  person  to  cook  or  to 
prepare  food  in  any  bath,  shower,  slop- 
sink  or  toilet  room,  water-closet  compart- 
ment; or  in  any  closet,  or  recess  from  a 
room,  or  dressing  room,  which  does  not 
conform  to  all  the  provisions  of  this  act 
as  to  size  of  kitchens  and  windows  open- 
ing to  a  street,  yard  or  court,  or  in  any 
other  place  in  such  building  which,  in 
the  judgment  of  the  department  charged 
with  the  enforcement  of  this  act,  is  detri- 


32 


mental    to   the    proper   sanitation   of   such 
building. 

It  shall  be  unlawful  for  any  person  to 
live  or  sleep,  or  permit  or  suffer  any  per- 
son to  live  or  sleep  in  any  cellar,  bath 
or  shower  compartment  or  slop-sink 
room,  water-closet  compartment,  hallway, 
closet,  kitchen,  recess  from  a  room  or 
dressing  room,  except  when  such  recess 
Sl'om  a  rooin  or  dressing  room  has  inot 
less  than  ninety  square  feet  of  super- 
ficial floor  area  and  complies  witn  every 
other  requirement  of  this  act  for  rooms, 
or  in  any  other  place  which,  in  the  judg- 
ment of  the  department  charged  with  the 
enforcement  of  this  act,  would  be  danger- 
ous or  prejudicial  to  life  or  health  by 
reason  of  want  of  light,  windows,  ventila- 
tion, drainage,  or  on  account  of  damp- 
ness or  offensive,  obnoxious  or  poisonous 
odors',,  or  in  any  room  that  shall  be  'so 
overcrowded  as  to  afford  less  than  the 
following  floor  space  for  each  occupant, 
in  accordance  with  the  age  of  said  oc- 
cupant: 


o)  0)  a>  cj  <ij  u 


n  si: 


C  be 
O   o3 

^  o 


^  S 


oo  oooo 

to  N  'jO  •*  O  ^D 
tH  ,-(  C<]  CO  CO 


'M  -*  O  OO  0>  (M 


^  C'l  CO  -^  IC^  CO 


Additional  floor  area  in  the  same  ratio 
shall  be  provided  for  additional  persons. 
Light  burning  sunrise  to  sunset,  sunset 
to   sunrise. 

Sec.  68.  In  every  tenement  house  there 
shall   be   installed  and  kept  burning  from 


sunrise  to  sunset  throughout  the  year 
artificial  light  sufficient  in  volume  to 
propeily  illuminate  every  public  hallway, 
stairway,  fire  escape  egress,  elevator, 
passageway,  public,  water-closet  com- 
partment, or  toilet  room,  whenever  there 
is  insufBcient  natural  light  to  permit  a 
person    to    read    in    any    part    thereof. 

In  every  tenement  house  there  shall  be 
installed  and  kept  burning  from  sunset  to 
sunrise  throughout  the  year  artificial 
light  sufficient  in  volume  to  properly  11- 
Ivuiiinate  every  public  hallway,  stairway, 
flre  escape  egress,  elevator,  public  water- 
closet  compartment,  or  toilet  room  and 
exterior  passageway  on  the  lot. 
Light  color  walls  and  ceilings  of  sleeping 
rooms,    courts    and    shafts. 

Sec.  69.  The  walls  and  ceilings  of  eyery 
sleeiJing  room  in  every  tenement  house 
shall  (except  when  there  is  sufficient  nat- 
ural light  to  permit  a  person  to  read  in 
any  part  thereof  during  daytime)  be  cal- 
cimined  or  painted  or  papered  with  a 
light -colored  material,  and  such  calci- 
mine, paint  or  paper,  as  the  case  may 
be,  shall  be  renewed  as  often  as  is  neces- 
sary to  maintain  the  same  of  a  light  color 
and    clean    and   free   from   vermin. 

The  walls  of  courts  and  shafts,  unless 
built  of  light-colored  materials,  shall  be 
painted  of  a  light  color  or  whitewashed, 
and  such  painting  or  whitewashing  shall 
be  renewed  as  often  as  is  necessary  to 
maintain    the   same  of  a  light  color. 

Wall    paper    and    calcimine    removed. 

Sec.  70.  No  wall,  partition  or  ceiling  of 
any  room  in  any  tenement  house  shall  be 
repapered,  calcimined,  or  have  any  other 
covering  placed  thereupon  unless  the  old 
wall  paper  or  other  covering  shall  have 
first  been  removed  therefrom,  and  the 
said  wall,  partition  or  ceiling  cleaned, 
disinfected  and  freed  from  bugs,  insects 
or  vermin. 

Roof  waterproof  and  drained.  Upkeep  of 
house.  Yards,  courts,  etc.,  graded 
and   drained. 

Sec.  71.  Every  tenement  house  shall  be 
maintained  in  good  repair.  The  roofs 
shall  be  kept  waterproof  and  all  ,storm 
or  casual  water  properly  drained  and  con- 
veyed therefrom  to  the  street  sewer, 
storm    drain    or   street   gutter. 

All  portions  of  the  lot  about  a  tene- 
ment house,  including  the  yards,  area- 
ways,  vent  shafts,  courts  and  passage- 
ways, shall  be  properly  graded  and 
drained;  and  whenever  the  department 
charged  with  the  enforcement  of  this  act 
deems  it  necessary  for  the  protection  of 
the  health  of  the  occupants  of  such  build- 
ing, or  for  the  proper  sanitation  of  the 
premises,  it  may  reciuire  that  the  said  lot, 
yards,  areaways,  vent  shafts,  courts  and 
passageways  be  graveled  .  or  properly 
paved  and  surfaced  with  concrete,  asphalt 
or  similar  materials. 
Door  or  window,  when  to  be  screened. 

Sec.  72.  There  shall  be  provided, 
whenever  it  is  deemed  necessary  for  the 
health  of  the  occupants  of  any  tenement 
house  or  for  the  proper  sanitation  or 
cleanliness  of  any  such  building,  metal 
mosquito  screening  of  at  least  sixteen 
mesh,  set  in  tight-fitting  removable  sash, 
for  each  exterior  door,  window  or  other 
opening  in  the  exterior  walls  of  the 
building. 

Garbage  cans.  When  garbage  chute  may 
be    installed. 

Sec.  73.  In  every  tenement  house  there 
shall    be    provided    by    the    occupants,    or 


33 


tenants,  sueh  number  of  light  metal  re- 
ceptacles with  close-fitting  metal  covers 
for  garbage,  refuse,  ashes  and  rubbish 
as  may  be  deemed  necessary  by  the  de- 
partment charged  with  the  enforcement 
of  this  act,  or  in  lieu  of  such  metal  re- 
ceptacle there  may  be  constructed  a  gar- 
bage chute  or  shaft  approved  by  the 
housing  department.  Each  of  said  recep- 
tacles shall  be  kept  in  a  clean  condition 
by  the  occupants,  or  tenants,  and  in  the 
case  of  a  chute  or  shaft  by  the  person 
in  charge  or  in  control  of  the  building. 
House    and    lot   to   be   clean    and   sanitary. 

Sec.  74.  Kvery  room,  hallwa>-,  passage- 
way, stairway,  wall,  partition,  ceiling, 
floor,  skylight,  glass  window,  door,  car- 
pet, rug,  matting,  window  curtain, 
water-closet  compartment  or  room,  toilet 
room,  bathroom,  slop-sink,  or  washroom, 
plumbing  fixture,  drain,  roof,  closet,  cel- 
lar, or  basement  in  any  tenement  noune 
or  on  the  lot,  yard,  court  or  any  of  the 
premises  thereof,  shall  be  kept  in  every 
part  clean  end  sanitary  and  free  from 
all  accumulation  of  debris,  filth,  rubbish, 
garbage  or  other  offensive   matter. 

No  person  shall,  or  cause  or  permit 
any  person  to,  deposit  any  swill,  garbage, 
bottles,  ashes,  cans  or  other  improper 
substances  in  any  water-closet,  sink, 
slop-hopper,  bathtub,  shower,  catch-ba- 
sin or  in  any  plumbing  fixture  connection 
or  drain  therefrom;  or  otherwise  to  ob- 
struct the  same:  or  to  place  or  cause  or 
permit  to  be  placed  any  filth,  urine  or 
other  foul  matter  in  an>'  place  other  than 
the  place  provided  for  same:  or  to  keep 
or  cause  or  permit  to  be  kept  any  urine 
or  filth  or  foul  matter  in  any  room  or 
apartment  in  any  tenement  house,  or  in 
or  about  the  said  building  or  premises 
thereof,  for  such  length  of  time  as  to 
create  a  nuisance. 
Bedding   and   mattresses  to  be  clean. 

Sec.  75.  In  every  tenement  house, 
every  part  of  every  bed,  including  the 
mattress,  sheets,  blankets  and  bedding, 
shall  be  kept  in  a  clean,  dry  and  sanitary 
condition,  free  from  filth,  urine  or  other 
foul  matter,  in  or  upon  the  same:  and 
free  from  the  infection  of  lice,  bedbugs 
or    other    insects. 

Articles  dangerous  or  detrimental  to  life 
or    health. 

Sec.  76.  In  no  tenement  house  or  any 
part  thereof,  or  in  the  lot,  yard,  court  or 
any  portion  thereof,  shall  there  be  kept, 
stored  or  handled  an\-  article  dangerous 
or  detrimental  to  life  or  to  the  health  of 
the  occupants  thereof:  nor  shall  there  be 
stored,  kept  or  handled  any  feed,  hay, 
straw,  excelsior,  cotton,  paper  stock,  rags 
or  junk,  except  upon  a  written  permit  so 
to  do,  obtained  from  the  fire  commis- 
sioner or  other  department  authorized  to 
issue  such  permit.  Kvery  such  permit 
shall  be  deemed  to  be  a  public  record, 
made  in  duplicate,  and  a  copy  thereof 
shall  remain  on  file  in  the  office  of  the 
fire  commissioner  or  department  issuing 
same. 

Animals,  fowls,  etc.,  forbidden.  Stable, 
v*/hen  forbidden.  Bakery  or  fat  boil- 
ing.     Spirituous    liquors,    etc. 

Sec.  77.  No  horse,  cow,  calf,  swine, 
sheep,  goat,  ral)bit,  mule  or  other  animal, 
chicken,  pigeon,  goose,  duck  or  other 
poultry  shall  be  kept  in  an>'  tenement 
house  or  any  part  thereof:  nor  shall  any 
such  animal  or  poultry,  nor  shall  any 
stable  be  kept  or  maintained  on  the  same 
lot,  yard,  court  or  premises  of  a  tenement 


house  or  within  twenty  feet  of  any  win- 
dow or  door  of  such  building,  nor  shall 
there  be  hereafter  constructed,  altered, 
converted  or  maintained  in  any  tenement 
house  any  public  automobile  garage  or 
machine   shop,   or  automobile  repair  shop. 

No  bakery  or  place  of  business  in  which 
fat  is  boiled  shall  be  constructed  or  main- 
tained in  any  tenement  house,  unless 
such  bakery  or  place  of  business  in  which 
fat  is  boiled  is  constructed  of  approved 
fireproof  materials,  with  no  openings  con- 
necting into  the  tenement  house,  and  so 
separated  and  arranged  as  to  prevent 
odors   from   entering  such  building. 

No  tenement  house  shall  be  connected 
with  or  have  any  door,  window  or  tran- 
som opening  to  any  part  of  a  building 
wherein  spirituous  liquors,  drugs,  paint 
or  oil  are  stored  or  kept  for  the  purpose 
of  sale  or  otherwise. 
Janitor   or   housekeeper,   when. 

Sec.  78.  In  every  tenement  house  in 
which  eight  (8)  or  more  families  reside, 
and  in  which  the  owner  does  not  live, 
there  shall  be  a  janitor,  housekeeper  or 
other  responsil^le  person,  who  shall  re- 
side in  such  tenement  house  or  on  the 
same  lot  or  premises  thereof  and  have 
charge  of  same. 
Proceeding    on    violation    of   act. 

Sec.  79.  In  case  an>'  tenement  house, 
or  any  part  thereof,  is  constructed,  al- 
tered, converted  or  maintained  in  viola- 
tion of  any  provisions  of  this  act  or  of 
any  order  or  notice  of  the  department 
charged  with  its  enforcement,  or  in  case 
a  nuisanse  exists  in  any  such  tenement 
house  or  building  or  structure,  or  upon 
the  lot  on  which  it  is  situated,  said  de- 
partment may  institute  any  appropriate 
action  or  proceeding  to  prevent  such  un- 
lawful construction,  alteration,  conver- 
sion or  maintenance,  to  restrain,  cor- 
rect or  abate  such  violation  or  nuisance, 
to  prevent  the  occupation  of  said  tene- 
ment house,  building  or  structure,  to  pre- 
vent any  illegal  act,  conduct  or  business 
in  or  about  such  tenement  house  or  lot. 
In  any  such  action  or  proceeding  said  de- 
partment may,  by  affidavit  setting  forth 
the  facts,  apply  to  the  superior  court,  or 
to  any  judge  thereof,  for  an  order  grant- 
ing the  relief  for  which  said  action  or 
proceeding  is  brought,  or  for  an  order 
enjoining  all  persons  from  doing  or  per- 
mitting to  be  done  any  work  in  or  about 
such  tenement  house,  building,  structure 
or  lot,  or  from  occupying  or  using  the 
same  for  any  purpose,  until  the  entry  of 
final  judgment  or  order.  In  case  any 
notice  or  order  issued  by  said  department 
is  not  complied  with,  said  department 
may  apply  to  the  superior  court  or  to  any 
judge  thereof,  for  an  order  authorizing 
said  department  to  execute  and  carry  out 
the  provisions  of  said  notii'e  or  order,  to 
remove  an\-  violation  specified  in  said  or- 
der or  notice,  or  to  abate  any  niusance  in 
or  about  such  tenement  house,  building 
or  structure,  or  the  lot  upon  which  it  is 
situated.  The  court,  or  any  judge  there- 
of, is  hereby  authorized  to  make  any  or- 
der specified  in  this  section.  In  no  case 
shall  the  said  department  or  an.v  officer 
thereof  or  the  municipal  corporation  be 
lialjle  for  costs  in  any  action  or  proceed- 
ing that  ma>-  be  commenc'ed  in  pursuance 
of    this    act. 

Fine   a   Men   on    house. 

Sec.  80.  Every  fine  imposed  by  judg- 
ment under  section  six  of  this  act  upon 
a    tenement    house    owner   shall  be   a  lien 


34 


upon  the  house  in  relation  to  which  the 
fine  is  imposed,  from  the  time  of  the  fil- 
ing of  a  certified  copy  of  said  judgment 
in  the  office  of  the  recorder  of  the  county 
in  which  said  tenement  house  is  situated, 
subject  only  to  taxes  and  asessments  and 
water  rates,  and  to  such  mortgage  and 
mechan'cs'  liens  as  may  exist  thereon 
prior  to  such  filing;  and  it  shall  be  the 
duty  of  the  department  charged  with  the 
enforcement  of  the  provisions  of  this  act, 
upon  the  entry  of  such  judgment,  to  file 
forthwith  the  copy  as  aforesaid,  and  sucli 
copy  upon  filing  shall  be  forthwith  in- 
dexed by  the  recorder  in  the  index  of 
mechanics'    liens. 

Notice  of  pendency  of  action  filed  where. 
How  canceled. 
Sec.  81.  In  any  action  or  proceeding 
instituted  by  the  department  charged 
with  the  enforcement  of  this  act,  the 
plaintiff  or  petitioner  may  file,  in  the 
county  recorder's  office  of  the  county 
where  the  property  affected  by  such  ac- 
tion or  proceeding  is  situated,  a  notice 
of  the  pendency  of  such  action  or  pro- 
ceeding. Said  notice  may  be  filed  at  the 
time  of  the  commencement  of  the  acioii 
or  proceeding,  or  at  any  time  afterwards 
before  final  judgment  or  order,  or  at  any 
time  after  the  service  of  any  notice  or 
order  issued  by  said  department.  Such 
notice  shall  have  the  same  force  and  ef- 
fect as  the  notice  of  pendency  of  action 
provided  for  in  the  Code  of  Civil  Pro- 
cedure. Each  county  recorder  with  whom 
such  notice  is  filed  shall  record  it  and 
shall  index  it  in  the  name  of  each  per- 
son specified  in  a  direction  subscribed  by 
an  officer  of  the  department  instituting 
such  action  or  proceeding.  Any  such  no- 
tice may  be  vacated  upon  the  order  of  a 
judge  of  the  court  in  which  sucli  action 
or  proceeding  was  instituted  or  is  pend- 
ing. The  recorder  of  the  county  where 
such  notice  is  filed  is  hereby  directed  to 
mark  such  notice,  and  any  record  or 
docket  thereof  as  canceled  of  record,  upon 
the  presentation  and  filing  of  a  certified 
copy  of  such  order. 

Name  and  address  of  owner  and  lessejei 
filed.  Description  of  house. 
Sec.  82.  Every  owner  of  a  tenement 
house  and  every  lessee  of  the  whole 
house,  or  other  persons  having  control 
of  a  tenement  house,  shall  file  in  the 
housing  department  a  notice,  containing 
his  name  and  address,  and  also  a  de- 
scription of  the  jiroperty,  Ijy  street  and 
address,  and  also  a  description  of  the 
property,  by  street  and  number  and 
otherwise,  as  the  case  may  be,  in  such 
manner  as  will  enable  the  department 
charged  with  the  enforcement  of  this  act 
easily  to  find  the  same;  and  also  the 
number  of  apartments  in  each  house,  the 
number  of  rooms  in  each  apartment,  ana 
the  number  of  families  occupying  the 
apartments.  In  case  of  a  transfer  of  any 
tenement  house,  it  shall  be  the  duty  of 
the  grantee  of  said  tenement  house  to  file 
in  the  house  department  a  notice  of  such 
transfer,  stating  the  name  of  the  new 
owner,  within  thirty  days  after  such 
transfer.  In  case  of  the  devolution  of 
the  said  property  by  will,  it  shall  be  the 
duty  of  the  executor  and  the  devisee,  if 
more  than  twenty-one  years  of  age,  and 
in  the  case  of  devolution  of  such  property 
by  inheritance  without  a  will,  it  shall  be 
the  duty  of  the  heirs,  or  in  case  all  the 
heirs  are  under  age,  it  shall  be  the  duty 
of     the     administrator     of     the     deceased 


owner  of  said  property,  to  file  in  ^^aid 
department  a  notice,  stating  the  death  of 
said  owner  and  the  names  of  those  who 
have  succeeded  to  his  interests,  witnin 
thirty  (30)  days  after  the  death  of  the 
decedent,  in  case  he  died  intestate,  and 
within  thirty  days  after  the  probate  of 
his  will,  if  he  died  testate. 
Name  and  address  of  agent  for  service 
of    process   filed. 

Sec.  83.  Every  owner,  agent  or  lessee 
of  a  tenement  house  shall  file  in  the 
housing  department  a  notice  containing 
the  name  and  address  of  such  agent  of 
such  house,  for  the  purpose  of  receiving 
service  of  process,  and  also  a  description 
of  the  property,  by  street  and  numlDer  or 
otherwise,  as  the  case  may  be,  in  such 
manner  as  will  enable  the  department 
charged  with  the  enforcement  of  this  act 
easily  to  find  the  same.  The  name  of  the 
owner  or  lessee  may  be  filed  as  agent 
for  this  purpose. 
Names    and    addresses    indexed. 

Sec.  84.  The  names  and  addresses  filed 
in  accordance  with  sections  eighty-two 
and  eighty- three  hereof  shall  be  indexed 
by  the  housing  departinent  in  such  a 
manner  that  all  of  those  filed  in  relation 
to  each  tenement  house  shall  be  together 
and  readily  ascertainable.  Said  indices 
shall  be  public  records,  open  to  public 
inspection  during  business  hours. 
Notice  or  order  served  five  days  before. 

Sec.  85.  Every  notice  or  order  in  rela- 
tion to  a  tenement  house  shall  be  served 
five  days  before  the  time  for  doin.g  the 
thing  in  relation  to  which  it  shall  have 
been  issued. 
Summons,   how  served. 

Sec.  86.  In  any  action  brought  by  any 
department  charged  with  the  enforce- 
ment of  this  act  in  relation  to  a  tene- 
ment house,  for  injunction,  vacation  of 
the  premises  or  other  abatement  of  nuis- 
ance, or  to  estaljlish  a  lien  thereon,  it 
shall  be  sufficient  service  of  summons  to 
serve  the  same  as  notices  and  order  are 
served  under  the  provisions  of  the  Code 
of  Civil   Procedure. 

Act  to  be  minimum  requirement.  Further 
restrictions  may  be  imposed.  Laws 
and    ordinances    inconsistent    repealed. 

Sec.  87.  The  provisions  of  this  act 
shall  be  held  to  be  the  minimum  require- 
ments adopted  for  the  protection,  the 
health  and  the  safety  of  the  community, 
and  for  the  protection,  the  health  and 
the  safety  of  the  occupants  of  tenement 
houses.  Nothing  in  this  act  contained 
shall  be  construed  as  prohibiting  the  local 
legislative  body  of  any  incorporated  town, 
incorporated  city,  incorporated  city  and 
county,  or  county,  from  enacting,  from 
time  to  time,  supplementary  ordinances 
or  laws  imposing  further  restrictions,  oi' 
providing  for  fees  to  be  charged  for  per- 
mits, certificates  or  other  papers  retiuired 
by  this  act;  but  no  ordinance,  law,  regu- 
lation or  ruling  of  any  municipal  depart- 
ment, authority,  officer  or  officers,  shall 
repeal,  amend,  modify  or  dispense  with 
any  of  the  provisions  of  this  act. 

All  statutes  of  the  state  and  all  ordi- 
nances of  incorporated  towns,  incorpo- 
rated cities,  incorporated  cities  and  coun- 
ties, and  counties,  as  far  as  inconsistent 
with  the  provisions  of  this  act,  are  here- 
by repealed;  provided,  that  nothing  In 
this  act  shall  be  construed  as  repealing 
or  abrogating  any  present  law  or  ordi- 
nance of  any  incorporated  town,  incorpo- 
rated  city,    incorporated   city  and   county. 


135 


or  county,  in  the  state  which  further  re- 
stricts the  percentage  of  the  lot  lo  ne 
covered  by  a  tenement  house,  the  num- 
ber of  stories  or  height  of  sucli  tenement 
house  or  number  of  apartments  therein, 
the  occupation  thereof,  the  materials  to 
be  used  in  its  construction,  or  increasing 
the  size  of  the  yards  or  courts,  the  floor 
space  to  each  person  occupying  a  room, 
the  requirements  as  to  sanitation,  venti- 
lation, light  and  protection  against  fire. 

Nothing  in  this  act  shall  be  construed 
as  abrogating,  diminishing,  minimizing  or 
■denying  the  power  of  any  incorporated 
town,  incorporated  city,  incorporated  city 
and  county,  or  county,  by  ordinance  or 
law,  to  further  restrict  the  percentage  of 
the  lot  to  be  covered  by  a  tenement  house 
within  said  municipality,  the  number  of 
stories  or  height  of  such  tenement  house 
or  number  of  apartments  therein,  the  oc- 
•cupation  thereof,  the  materials  to  be  used 
in  its  construction,  or  increasing  the  size 
of  the  yards  or  courts,  the  floor  space  to 
•each  person  occupying  a  room,  the  re- 
quirements as  to  sanitation,  ventilation, 
light  and  protection  against  fire. 

Constitutional    declaration. 

Sec.  88.  If  any  section,  subsection,  sen- 
tence, clause  or  phrase  of  this  act  is  for 
any  reason  held  to  be  unconstitutional, 
such  decision  shall  not  affect  the  validity 


of  the  remaining  portions  of  this  act.  The 
legislature  hereby  declares  that  it  would 
have  passed  this  act,  and  each  section, 
subsection,  sentence,  clause,  and  phrase 
thereof,  irrespective  of  the  fact  that  any 
one  or  more  sections,  subsections,  sen- 
tences, clauses,  or  phrases  be  declared 
unconstitutional. 
Act  effective  September  1,  1917 

Sec.  89.     This  act  shall  take   effect  and 
be   in    force   from   and  after   September  1, 
1917. 
Repeal   of  existing   act. 

Sec.  90.  The  act  entitled  "An  act  to 
regulate  the  building  and  occupancy  of 
tenement  houses  in  incorporated  towns, 
incorporated  cities,  and  cities  and  coun- 
ties, and  to  provide  penalties  for  the 
violation  thereof  and  repealing  an  act  en- 
titled 'An  act  to  regulate  the  building  and 
occupancy  of  tenement  houses  in  incorpo- 
rated towns,  incorporated  cities,  and 
cities  and  counties,  and  to  provide  penal- 
ties for  the  violation  thereof,  approved 
April  16.  1909,  statutes  of  California  of 
1909,  page  948,"  approved  April  10,  1911, 
statutes  of  California,  1911,  page  860,  and 
approved  June  13,  1913,  statutes  of  Cali- 
fornia, 1913,  page  737,  and  approved  May 
29,  1915,  statutes  of  California,  page  952, 
and  all  acts  amendatory  thereof  are  here- 
by repealed. 


SCHUMACHER'S  WALL  BOARD 


Does    Not 

Warp,    Shrink 

Nor  Buckle. 

Can    Be 

Paneled 

Papered 

Painted 

Kalsomined 

Used    Inside 

or    Outside 


For  Sale  by 

All    Lumber 

or    Building 

Material 

Dealers. 

Ask    Your 

Dealer   or 

Write    to 

Factory 

For    Sample 


Manufactured  by 


SCHUMACHER'S    WALL    BOARD    COMPANY 

58th,    San    Pedro    and    Siauson    Ave. 
LOS  ANGELES,  CAL. 


36 


HAMMOND  LUMBER  COMPANY 

2010   S    ALAMEDA   STREET 

LOS    ANGELES 

SOUTH    1591  HOME    60364 


REDWOOD  AND  OREGON  PINE 


LUMBER 


ROUGH    AND    FINISHED 
MINING    TIMBERS 
LATH.   SHINGLES 


SASH  AND  DOORS 

MILLWORK.    MOULDINGS 
GLASS    AND    MIRRORS 
CABINETS.    FIXTURES 


HARDWARE 

BUILDERS 

ROUGH    AND    FINISHED 

CORRUGATED    IRON 


LIMEandCEMENT 

BRICK    AND    PLASTER 
WALLBOARD 
METAL   LATH 


FLOORING 

HARDWOOD    AND    SOFT 
LAID.   SANDED 
SCRAPED 


ROOFING 

COMPOSITION 
ROLLS    AND    SHEETS 
APPLIEDOR  READYMADE 


BRANCH    YARDS 


BLOOM INGTON 

BRAWLEY 

CALEXICO 

CALIPATRIA 

COLTON 


EL    CENTRO 

HIGHLAND 

HOLLISTER 

HOLTVILLE 

IMPERIAL 


ONTARIO 

ORANGE 

OWENSMOUTH 

PASADENA 

POMONA 


REDLANDS 
RIVERSIDE 
SAN  BERNARDINO 
VAN    NUYS 
WESTMORELAND 


TERMINAL   YARDS.  EAST    SAN    PEDRO 


37 


Index  to  State  Xenement  H 


ouse 


1917 


Section 

Act  of  1911,   1913,   1915,   repealed 90 

Act,  to  be  minimum  requirement 87 

when     in     effect 89 

when  part  declared  uncon.stitutional  88 

Agent,  forbidden  to  do  certain  acts 3 

names   and   addresses   indexed 84 

name   filed,    service   of  process 83 

Alterations,    not    to    violate    act 4 

when   without   filing-   plans :.  7 

Apartment,     definition    of 10 

means   of   egress    45 

means    of    egress 45 

one  room  120  square  feet  area 29 

one   water-closet   in   each 37 

Approved,    definition    of 10 

Architect,    certain  acts  forbidden 3 

verified   application   to    erect 7 

Automobile    garage,    public,    forbidden  77 

inachine    shop    forbidden 77 

room,    construction    of 64 

Bakery,    how    may    be    installed 77 

Basement,    definition    of 10 

is    a    story 10,  12 

walls  damp-proofed   below  ground....  27 

when  room  may  be  occupied 27 

Bathroom,   door  same  as  for  water- 
closet    _ 39 

existing    tenements,    one    for    five 

apartments     40 

height   of   ceiling 29 

not   to  cook  in 67 

not    to    sleep    in 67 

one  bathtub  for  three  apartments....  39 

size    of    window 32 

walls,    floors   to  be  waterproof 39 

Bathtub,    not    to   be    obstructed 74 

Bed    and    bedding   to   be   sanitary 75 

Boilerroom,    construction    of 63 

Builder,   certain   acts   forbidden 3 

Building    department,    definition    of 10 

duty    of    2 

plans  and  specifications  filed  with....  7 
Building,   not  to  be  placed  in  front  of 

tenement    unless    11 

Ceiling,    height    of,    in    apartment    or 

entertainment   room  29,  33 

Cellar,    definition    of 10 

no  room   to  be  used  for  living  pur- 
poses       26 

not    to    sleep    in 67 

to  be  clean  and  sanitary 74 

to   be    illuminated    and   ventilated 26 

to  be  waterproof  and   dampproof 26 

Cei'tificate  of  final  completion 2,  8 

Chickens,    not    to    be    kept 77 

Cities,    incorporated 1 

City,    may   make    greater  restrictions..  87 

Closet,   exceeding;  25  square  feet  area  29 

size    of 29 

Comm'ss'on    of   linrnigration    and 

Housing,   powers   of  2 

Completion,    certificate    to    be    applied 

for    8 

final    certificate    2,  8 

Contractor,    forbidden    to    do    certain 

acts    3 

verified   apnl^cat'on   to    erect 7 

Corner   lot,    definition    of 10 

front     of 10 

part  distant  more  than  75  feet  from 

corner     10 

10  per  cent  unoccupied   13 


street  to  street,   computing  unoccu- 
pied   space    13 

street  to   street,   yard 18 

yard,    depth,   etc 18 

Corridor,    same   width    as   stairway 52 

Counties    i 

County    officers,    duty    of 2 

Court,    definition    of 10 

forbidden    to   serve   two   tenement 

houses    15 

must   be   clean   74 

not  to  be  made  smaller  4 

lecess    from,    size 24 

to  be  graded  and  drained;  paved 71 

to  be  on  same  lot  as  windows  open- 
ing   on    30 

to   be   open   to   sky 10 

walls  to  be  light  color 69 

inner;   bounded  by  lot  line;  size 23 

cornice  may  extend  into 10 

definition     of 10 

door  or  window  at  bottom,  in  all 

tenements     23 

intake  to  25 

material   of  walls,    construction 62 

semifireproof;    material    62 

size    of   23 

wooden    tenement;    material 62 

outer,   cornice  may  extend  into 10 

definition   of 10 

size    of    22 

Cow,    not    to   be    kept 77 

Curb   level,    definition   of 10 

Definitions    10 

Department,    definition   of 10 

Door,  exterior,  when  metal  screened....  72 

penthouse,  not  to  be  locked 51 

width  and   height  to   fire  escape 57 

where   liquors,    drugs,   oil,   paint 77 

Dressingroom,  when  used  for  sleeping  67 

Drugs    77 

Ducks,    not    to    be    kept 77 

Egress,   not   to  be   obstructed 4 

Elevator  shaft,  door  or  window  into....  60 

how    constructed     60 

skylight  or  ventilator  in   roof 60 

Enforcement,    building    department, 

health    department   2 

Enf;ineer,    certain   acts  forbidden   3 

Erection,  plans  and  specifications  filed  7 

Family,    definition   of 10 

Fat  boiling,   when  may  be 77 

Fees,  may  be  required  by  ordinance....  87 

Fine    to    be    a    lien 80 

Fire    escape,    balcony,    how    fastened 

and    supported    53 

existing    tenement,     kept    in    good 

order     58 

goose   neck   ladder  to  roof 53 

height   of  sill  of  door  or  window 

opening    on 57 

inclined    stairway,    how    constructed  53 
ladder    to   carry    100   pounds   per 

square    foot    57 

load    to  be  carried   by   platform 57 

metallic    balcony,    width    of 53 

metallic,    painted    or    galvanized 53 

method    of    construction 53 

not    to    be    retnoved 4 

number  computed  from  floor  area....  56 

number   required:    types   53 

one   to   be   on    street   fi'ont 55 

signs    to    point    location    of 55 


38 


size   of  opening   tiirough   cornice 53 

stairway  150  pounds  per  square  foot  57 
top  rail   to   withstand   certain   pres- 
sure      57 

type  4  or  5,  used  as  a  stairway 54 

width  and  heig'ht  of  door  or  window  57 
when    eg'ress   from    public   parlor   or 

lobby   55 

when  may  run  to  apartment  direct  5^5 

when  must  be  on  public  highway 55 

Fireproof    tenement    house,    definition 

of    10 

height  limit  12 

stairways     46 

Floor,    lowest,    opening-    through    rat- 
proofed     28 

lowest,   to  be  ratproofed  28 

to  be   18  Inches  above  ground 28 

Foundation  walls,  openings  to  be  rat- 
proofed   28 

to   be  brick,   stone  or  concrete;   size  28 

Garbage  can,   must  be  provided  when  78 

chute,   when   may  be  installed 73 

Gas   service,    to  have   cut-off  valves....  44 

Geese,    not   to   be   kept 77 

Goat,    not   to   be   kept 77 

Hallway,    public,    defined 10 

public,    French   window,    door 34 

light   to   burn   sunset   to   sunrise....  68 

lighting  in  two-story  house 34 

same  width   as   stairways 52 

separate,    what    constitutes 34 

window  if  thiee  apartments 34 

Hall,   public  window,    size  of,   to  open  34 
Hall,    added,    existing    tenement, 

height    65,  66 

Health   department,    duty   of 2 

owner  to  file  name  and  address,  etc.  82 

Horse,    forbidden    when 77 

Housing  department,  definition  of 10 

duty    of    2 

owner    to    file    name    and    address, 

description    of   property 82 

Immigration   and   Housing   Commis- 
sion,   when   may   enter   house 9 

Injunction,    service   of   summons 86 

Inner    court,    definition    of 10 

door,    or    window    at    bottom    in    all 

tenements     23 

intake    to    25 

material   of  walls,   construction 62 

one   side  lot  line;    size   of 23 

semiflreproof ;  material  62 

size    of    23 

wooden  tenement;  material  62 

Intake,    to    inner    court,    or    vent 

shaft    25,  61 

Interior  lot,  definition  of 10 

Janitor,    to    eight-apartment   house 78 

Jurisdiction    1 

Kitchen,    definition  of 10 

minimum    size    of 29 

not  to  sleep  in 67 

sink,  not  to  be  of  wood 44 

one  for  each  apartment 39,  40 

window  area   31 

Laws    inconsistent    herewith    repealed  87 

Lessee,    certain    acts    forbidden 3 

to  file  name  and  address,  etc 82 

Le.ssor.   certain  acts  forbidden 3 

Lien,    fine   to   be   a 80 

Liquors,    spirituous    77 

Lis    pendens    81 

Lot,  corner,  definition  of 10 

corner,    over    75    feet    from    corner, 

interior    lot    10 

street   to   street,   measurement   of 

yard 13 

street  to  street,  unoccupied  space 

computed    13 

10  per  cent  unoccupied 13 

definition  of  10 


depth   of,    definition   Kf 

front  of,   definition 10 

front  of  corner  lot 10 

interior,    definition    of 10 

street    to   sti^et 1:5 

25   per   cent  unoccupied 13 

plan  of  to   be  filed 7 

rear,    no    tenement    house    to    be 

placed     thereon 11 

rear  of,   definition 10 

to  be   clean   and   sanitary ,  74 

to    be   properly   graded   and   drained  71 

Mule,    not    to    be    kept 77 

Municipal    corporation,    not   liable    for 

costs    79 

Notice,    of  pendency  of  action 81 

to  be  served  five  days 85 

Nuisance,    definition    of 10 

proceedings   on   abatement 79 

not    to    be    maintained 3 

Occupancy,     permit    of 2,  8 

without   permit   and   certificate   for- 
bidden       8 

Occupied  space  defined  10 

Oil    77 

Order,  to  be  served  five  days 85 

Ordinances   inconsistent  repealed 87 

Ordinance,  may  make  further  restric- 
tions      87 

Outer  court,   definition  of 10 

cornice  may  extend  into 10 

size    of    22 

Owner,   names  and  addresses  indexed  84 

name    and    address    of   filed 82 

unlawful   to  do   certain   acts 3 

when   may  enter  house  and  why 9 

Paint     77 

Penthouse,     construction    of 51 

door,   not  to  be  locked 51 

existing   tenement,   when  required....  51 

over  staii'way  to  roof 51 

Permit,   application  for,   what  to  con- 
tain      7 

expires  by  90-day  limitation 7 

for    erection,    reconstruction,    con- 
version,   alteration 7 

issuance  not   to  approve   violation....  7 

of  occupancy     2 

of  occupancy,    issuance    of 2 

of  occupancy,  renewed  annually  8 

of    occupancy    to    be   applied    for    in 

writing   8 

to  be  in  duplicate  8 

to   store  hay,    rags,    junk,    etc 76 

when   may  be   canceled   7 

Person,  defined  10 

Pigeons,    not  to   be  kept 77 

Plans,  approved  copy  on  the  job 7 

to    be    approved 7 

Plumber,    certain  acts  forbidden 3 

Plumbing    connections,    of    what    ma- 
terial  made    44 

fixtures,    made    to    conform 44 

fixture,   not  to   be   obstructed 74 

fixtures,    to    be    trapped 44 

Porch,   when  window  may  open 

through    30 

Public  hallway,   defined  10 

same  width   as  stairway 52 

Rabbit,    not   to   be   kept 77 

Ratproof,    openings    in    foundations 28 

Ratproofing,   lowest  floor 28 

Rear   lot,    definition   of 10 

Recess,   from   court,   yard  or  street 24 

from    room,    size    of 29 

used    for    sleeping 67 

Reconstruction  not  to   violate   act 4 

Repeal  of  act  of  1911  and  amendments  90 

Roof,  to  be  water-tight  and  drained....  71 
Room,    added,    existing   tenement; 

height     65 

area  of  window  in 31 


39 


automobile,    construction    of 64 

boiler,    construction    of 63 

Rooms,    converted    to    reception,    etc., 

rooms    29 

Room,    dressing,    when    may    be    used 

for  sleeping  67 

entertainment,   height  of  ceiling 33 

when   used   for  sleeping „ 33 

window    area    33 

existing    tenement,    used    for    sleep- 
ing      6fi 

height   of  ceiling 29 

Rooms,    in   apartment,   size   of,   width, 

height 29 

Room,   not  to  be  occupied  in  cellar 26 

not  to  be  subdivided  by  curtain,  etc.  29 

old  wall  paper  to  be  removed 70 

reception,    entertainment,    when    no 

window  33 

recess,    used    for   sleeping _ 67 

sleeping,    to  be  a  light  color 69 

sleeping,   to  be  free  from  vermin 69 

to   be   kept   clean   and   sanitary 74 

to  have   window   of  prescribed  area  30 

used  for  sleeping,   lloor  area 67 

Rubbish,   not  to  be  on  lot  or  premises  74 
Sanitation,   of  all  parts  of  house  and 

lot  74 

Scuttle,   existing  tenement 51 

not   to  be  locked  51 

Semifireproof    tenement    house,    stair- 
ways      46 

Shaft,   door  into,   how  constructed 60 

dumb-waiter,    construction    of 60 

elevator,    how    constructed 60 

skylight  or  ventilator  in  roof 60 

how    constructed    _  60 

not    to   be   diminished „ 4 

walls  to  be  light  color 69 

when  door  into  self-closing 60 

Window  into,   how  constructed 60 

Shall,    is    mandatory _ 10 

Shower   bath,    one   for  three  apart- 
ments      39 

Side  yard,  width  of 21 

Sink,  woodwork  to  be  removed 44 

Skylight,    lighting    hall,    two-story 

house    34 

not   to   be    diminished _  4 

over  stairway,   when  _  35 

how   constructed   35 

ventilating  area  35 

when   may   be   omitted 35 

public  hall,  size  of;  construction 34 

Slop-sink  compartment,   height  of 29 

size  of  window 32 

Stable,    not  to  be  kept 77 

Stairway,  area  of  skylight  over 35 

construction    of    49 

construction   of  penthouse  over 51 

continuous  ground  to  top  story 49 

depth    of    landing    49 

existing   tenement,    to   penthouse   or 

scuttle    51 

from   outside   to   basement   or   cellar  46 

head  room  of  _  49 

how    width    measured 49 

landing,    width    of 52 

light  to   burn,   sunset  to  sunrise 68 

not  to  be  over  steam  boiler  unless....  48 

not    to    be    removed 4 

not  to  run  to  or  through  boiler  room  48 

one  side  of  elevator  shaft _ 48 

to    have    skylight    over 35 

two    handrails    required    when 49 

when  inay  terminate  at  second  floor  49 
when    metal    lathed    or    plaster 

boarded    49 

when  to  be  carried  to  roof 51 

when    stairwell    required 35 

wooden,  no  closet  under;  exception..  50 


Stairways,  at  least  two  for  each  house  46 

computing   number   required 47 

fliepioof     tenement 46 

how  to  be  located 48 

semifireproof    tenement    „ 46 

wooden    tenement    house _  46 

Stairwell,    when    required „ 35 

Standpipe,    four   or   more   stories,    one 

or  more;  size  59 

where  located  on  house 59 

when  not   required 59 

Street,    defined   10 

frontage,  definition  of 10 

owner  or  agent  may  designate 10 

measurement  for  height  of  tenement  12 

recess  from,  size 24 

Summons,    service    of 86 

Superintendent,  certain  acts  forbidden  3 
Superior  court,   jurisdiction   over   vio- 
lation     _ 79 

Swine,  not  to  be  kept 77 

Tenant,    certain    acts   forbidden 3 

Tenement   house,    bakery    in 77 

building  moved   to  conform 5 

converted  building  to  comply 5 

damaged  by  fire  51  per  cent 5 

defined    10 

description   of  where  filed 82,  83 

eight  apartments  to  have  person  in 

charge 78 

fireproof,    definition    of 10 

hay,     excelsior,     rags,    junk    forbid- 
den  when    76 

limit  of  height  _ 12 

name  of  agent  filed  where 83 

no  house  to  be  placed  in  front  unless  11 

not  to  be  placed  on  rear  lot 11 

nuisance,    abatement    of 79 

permit   to  occupy  renewed   annually  8 

plans   filed   in   duplicate 7 

rear,    defined    10 

roof  watertight  and  drained 71 

semifireproof,    defined   10 

space  between  front  and  rear  build- 

1  ig    15 

specifications  filed  in  duplicate _  7 

to  be  clean  and  sanitary 74 

to    be   in    good    repair 71 

unlawful    construction,    alteration, 

conversion,    maintenance 79 

vacation    of    6 

verified    petition    for   permit    to 

erect,    etc _ 7 

who  may  inspect  and  when _  9 

wooden,    defined    10 

Title  of  act  1 

Toilet,   where  no  running  water 43 

Towns,    incorporated   1 

Transoin,   where   liquors,   drugs,   oil, 

paint    77 

Urinal,    size   of   window 32 

Vent   shaft,    door   or  window  at   bot- 
tom      23,  61 

enclosed  same  as  elevator  shaft 61 

least  width,   least  area 61 

pipes  may  be  placed  in _ 61 

size   of   intake:    construction 61 

walls    to    be    light    color «5!» 

what  windows  may  open  on _  30 

Violation   of  act  a  misdemeanor 6 

Procedure  on 6 

Walls,   foundation,   to  be  brick,  stone 

or  concrete  28 

Water,    existing    tenement,    plumbing 

fixture    to    have    41,  42 

fixtures  to  have   cut-off  valve 44 

Water-closets,    existing    tenements, 

"For  Men,"    "For   Women" _  38 

fixture  not  to  be  enclosed  in  wood- 
work      37 

floor  to  be  waterproof 37 


40 


in  prior  erected  tenement  house 38 

not    to    be    obstructed 74 

not    to    cook    in 67 

not  to  open  on  room  where  food  is 

stored     37 

not  to  sleep  in 67 

one   in    each   apartment 37 

placed  in  existing  house  to  comply....  38 
school    sink,    privy    yault,    forbidden 

when 38 

size  of  window  32 

to  have  door  with  lock  or  bolt 37 

walls    to    be    nonabsorbent 37 

width,    height    29 

wooden    seats    to    be    varnished    or 

enameled     44 

woodwork  to   be   removed  from   fix- 
tures      44 

Window,    all    rooms    except    cellar,    to 

have 30 

area,  how  measvired  31 

area   of   in   each   room 31 

area,     reception,     entertainment 

room     33 

in    shaft,    how   constructed 60 

least  area  12  square  feet  per  room..  31 

not    to   be    diminished 4 

opening   on  court  on  same  lot 30 

on  fire  escape,  width  and  height 57 

public  hall,   French  window  or  door 

in    lieu    34 

size  of,   to  open 34 

to  open  at  least  one-half 30 


upon  what  to  open  and  how 30 

to  water-closet,    bath,    slop   sink 30 

when  may  open  on  porch 30 

when  not  required  in  entertainment 

room    33 

when  public  hai^way  must  have 34 

when  to  be  screened 72 

where  drugs,   liquors,   oil,   paint 77 

Yard,   behind   every  tenement  house....  14 

corner  lot,  depth,   etc IS 

street  to  street,  part  of  street  al- 
lowed      18 

defined    10 

forbidden   to  serve  two  tenement 

houses    15 

front,    defined    10 

excavated,   light  to  basement 20 

width  of  for  rear  building 11 

interior  lot,   depth  of 17 

street    to    street,    part    of    street    al- 
lowed      17 

must  be  clean  74 

not   to    be    diminished 4 

lear,    defined 10 

depth   of,   how  measured 16 

recess    from,    size    24 

side,    defined    10 

width    of    21 

street    to    street    lot,     interior    and 

corner     1 3 

to   be   graded   and   drained 71 

to   street   passageway 10 

when  must  be  paved,  concreted 71 


Phone     or     Call     Us     for     Your     Machinery     Needs 


COLLINS  &  WEBB,  INC. 

Phones:    F-7069— Bdwy.  3484 


412  E.  Third  St. 


Los  Angeles,  Cal. 


Alfred    H.    Thompson 

Manufacturer   of 
"PHOMPSON  PATENTED 
AUTOMATIC 
GAS  STEAM  BOILERS 

For  Power  Systems 

GAS  STEAM  BOILERS 

For  Heating  Systems 

GAS  WATER  HEATERS 

For    Domestic   Water 
GAS  STORAGE  WATER 

HEATERS 

THOMPSON  PATENTED 

AUTOMATIC  HOT  WATER 

DOMESTIC  AND  HEATING 

SYSTEMS 

Made  in  L.  A.,  U.  S.  A. 

A4529 
312-16  South  Figueroa  Street 


41 


State  Hotel  and  Lodging  House  Act— 1917 


CHAPTER  736. 
An  act  to  regulate  the  erection,  con- 
struction, moving,  alteration,  mainte- 
nance, use  and  occupancy  of  hotels, 
and  the  maintenance,  use  and  occu- 
pancy of  the  premises  and  land  on 
which  hotels  are  erected  or  located, 
in  all  parts  of  the  State  of  California, 
including  incorporated  towns,  incorpo- 
rated cities,  and  incorporated  cities  and 
counties,  and  to  provide  penalties  for 
the  violation  thereof;  and  repealing  an 
act  entitled  ''An  act  to  regulate  the 
building  and  occupancy  of  hotels  and 
lodging  houses  In  incorporated  towns, 
incorporated  cities,  and  cities  and 
counties,  and  to  provide  penalties  for 
the  violation  thereof,''  approved  June 
16,  1913,  statutes  of  California  of  1913, 
page    1429. 

(Approved  May  31,  1917.  In  effect  Sep- 
tember 1,   1917.) 

Statutes   of  California  of  1917,    page   1422. 
The    People    of    the    State    of    California 
ill)    enact    as    follows: 
Title  of  act.     Jurisdiction. 

Section  1.  This  act  shall  be  known  as 
the  "state  hotel  and  lodging  house  act," 
and  its  provision  shall  apply  to  all  parts 
of  the  State  of  California,  including'  in- 
corporated town.s,  incoiporated  cities,  and 
incorporated  cities  and  counties. 
Act  by  whom  enforced.  Certificate  of 
final  completion.  Permit  of  occu- 
pancy. 
Sec.  2.  It  shall  be  the  duty  of  the 
"building  department"  of  every  incorpo- 
rated town,  incorporated  city,  and  incor- 
porated city  and  county,  to  enforce  all 
the  provisions  of  this  act  pertaining  to 
the  erection,  construction,  reconstruction, 
moving,  conversion,  alteration  and  ar- 
rangement of  hotels  and  to  issue  the  cer- 
tificate of  "final  completion"  hereinafter 
provided. 

It  shall  be  the  duty  of  the  "housing 
department"  and  if  there  is  no  housing 
department  the  health  department  of 
every  incorporated  town,  incorporated 
city,  and  incorporated  city  and  county  to 
enforce  all  of  the  provision.s  of  this  act 
pertaining  to  the  maintenance,  sanita- 
tion, ventilation,  u.se  and  occupancy  of 
hotels  after  said  hotels  have  been  erected, 
constructed  or  altered,  as  the  case  ma>' 
be,  and  the  certificate  of  "final  comple- 
tion" has  been  issued  by  the  building 
department  and  to  issue  the  "permit  of 
occupancy"    as   hereinafter   provided. 

In  the  event  there  is  no  building  de- 
partment or  no  housing  department  or 
health  department  in  an  incorporated 
town,  incorporated  city  or  incorporated 
city  and  county,  it  shall  be  the  duty  of 
the  officer  or  officers  who  are  charged 
with  the  enforcement  of  ordinances  and 
laws  regulating  the  erection,  construc- 
tion   or    alteration    of    buildings,      or      the 


maintenance,  sanitation,  ventilation  or 
occupancy  of  buildings,  or  of  the  police, 
tire  or  health  regulations  in  said  incorpo- 
rated town,  incoiporated  city  or  incorpo- 
rated city  and  county  to  enforce  all  of 
the   provisions   of   this   act. 

In  every  county  it  shall  be  the  duty 
of  the  officer  or  officers  who  are  charged 
with  the  enforcement  of  ordinances  or 
laws  regulating  the  erection,  construction 
or  alteration  of  buildings  or  of  the  main- 
tenance, sanitation,  occupancy  and  venti- 
lation of  buildings,  or  of  the  police,  fire 
or  health  regulations  in  said  county,  to 
enforce  all  of  the  provisions  of  this  act 
outside  of  the  limits  of  any  incorporated 
town    or    incorporated    city. 

Every  incorporated  town,  incorporated 
city,  or  incorporated  city  and  county  in 
the  State  of  California  shall  have  author- 
ity, and  is  hereby  empowered  and  given 
authority,  to  designate  and  charge  by 
ordinance  any  other  department  or  officer 
than  the  department  or  officers  men- 
tioned herein,  with  the  enforcement  of 
this  act,   or  any  portion  thereof. 

The  coinmission  of  immigration  and 
housing  of  California  shall  have,  and  it 
is  hereby  empowered  and  given  authority 
to  enforce  the  provisions  of  this  act, 
which  do  not  pertain  to  the  actual  erec- 
tion, construction,  reconstruction,  mov- 
ing, conversion,  alteration  and  arrange- 
ment of  hotels  in  all  parts  of  the  State 
towns,  incorporated  cities,  incorporated 
town,s  incorpoiated  cities,  incorporated 
cities  and  counties,  in  the  State  of  Cali- 
fornia, whenever -said  commission  finds  or 
discovers  a  violation  or  violations  of  the 
provisions  of  this  act  and  notifies  the 
local  department  or  officer,  or  depart- 
ments or  officers  who  are  charged  with 
the  enfoi'cement  of  the  provisions  of  this 
act,  in  writing,  of  such  violation  or  vio- 
lations, and  the  said  local  department  or 
officer,  or  departments  or  officers,  fail, 
neglect  or  refuse  to  enforce  the  provision.s 
of  the  said  act  within  thirty  days  there- 
after: provided,  however,  that  the  said 
commission  of  immigration  and  housing 
of  California  shall  enforce  the  provisions 
of  this  act  only  in  the  instances  specified 
in  said  written  notice. 
Certain  acts  forbidden.     Nuisance. 

Sec.  3.  It  sluill  be  unlawful  for  anv 
person,  firm  or  corpoiation,  whether  as 
owner,  agent,  contractor,  builder,  archi- 
tect, engineer,  superintendent,  foreman, 
plumber,  tenant,  lessee,  lessor,  occupant, 
or  in  any  othei'  capacity  whatsoever,  to 
erect,  construct,  reconstruct,  alter,  build 
upon,  move,  convert,  use,  occupy  or 
maintain,  or  to  cause,  permit  or  suffer  to 
be  erected,  constructed,  reconstructed, 
altered,  built  upon,  moved,  converted, 
used,  occupied  or  maintained  any  hotel, 
or  any  portion  thereof  contrary  to  the 
provisions  of  this  act.  or  to  cominit  or 
maintain   oi'   cause   or   perinit   to   be    com- 


42 


mitted  or  maintained  any  nuisance  In  or 
upon  any  hotel  or  any  portion  thereof,  or 
any  of  the  premises,  yards  or  courts 
which  are  a  part  thereof,  or  which  are 
required  by  the  provisions  of  this  act; 
or  to  do  or  cause  to  be  done,  or  to  use 
or  cause  to  be  used,  any  privy,  sewer, 
cesspool,  plumbing  or  house  drainage  af- 
fecting the  sanitary  condition  of  any 
hotel  or  any  portion  thereof,  or  of  the 
premises  thereof,  contrary  to  any  of  the 
provisions  of  this  act. 
Work    in    violation    of   act   forbidden. 

Sec.  4.  It  shall  be  unlawful  for  any 
person  to  make  any  alterations  or 
changes  or  reconstruction  work  of  any 
kind  whatsoever,  to  any  hotel  erected 
prior  to  the  passage  of  this  act,  or  to 
any  hotel  hereafter  erected,  or  to  in- 
crease the  height,  in  any  manner  which 
would  be  inconsistent  with  any  of  the 
provisions  of  this  act,  or  in  violation  of 
the  said  provisions  of  this  act;  or  in  any 
manner  to  diminish  the  size  of  the  yards, 
courts  or  shafts  or  the  size  of  windows 
or  skylights,  or  to  remove  any  stairway 
or  fire  escape,  or  to  obstruct  the  egress 
from  such  building  or  from  the  hallways 
or  stairways,  or  to  do  anything  that 
would  affect  the  ventilation  and  sanita- 
tion of  the  building,  contrary  to  any  of 
the  provisions  of  this  act. 
Converted  or  moved  house  to  conform. 
House  damaged  more  than  51  per 
cent. 

Sec.  5.  A  building  not  erected  for,  or 
which  is  not  used  as  a  hotel  at  the  time 
of  the  passage  of  this  act,  if  hereafter 
converted  to  or  altered  for  such  use, 
shall  thereupon  become  subject  to  all  of 
the  provisions  of  this  act  affecting  hotels 
hereafter  erected. 

A  building  used  as  a  hotel  at  the  time 
of  the  passage  of  this  act,  if  moved,  shall 
be  made  to  conform  to  all  of  the  provi- 
sions of  this  act  affecting  hotels  hereafter 
erected,  in  so  far  as  they  pertain  to  the 
percentage  of  the  lot  occupied  and  the 
size  of  outer  courts,  inner  courts  bounded 
by  a  lot  line,   and  yards. 

It  shall  be  unlawful  to  reconstruct  any 
hotel  which  is  hereafter  damaged  by  fire 
or  the  elements  to  an  extent  in  excess  of 
flfty-one  per  cent  of  its  physical  propor- 
tions, unless  the  said  bviilding  is  made  to 
conform  to  all  of  the  provisions  of  this 
act  affecting  hotels  hereafter  erected. 
Violation  of  act  a  misdemeanor.  Proce- 
dure. 

Sec.  6.  Any  person,  firm  or  corpora- 
tion violating  any  of  the  provisions  of  this 
act  shall  be  deemed  guilty  of  a  misde- 
meanor, and  upon  conviction  thereof  shall 
be  punishable  by  a  fine  not  exceeding  five 
hundred  dollars,  or  by  imprisonment  in  a 
county  jail  not  exceeding  six  months,  or 
by  both  such  fine  and  imprisonment,  and 
in  addition  to  the  penalty  therefor,  shall 
be  liable  for  all  costs,  expense  and  dis- 
bursements paid  and  incurred  by  the  de- 
partment, by  any  of  the  officers  thereof, 
or  by  any  agent,  employee  or  contractor 
of  same,  in  the  prosecution  of  such  vio- 
lation. The  costs,  expense  and  disburse- 
ments by  this  section  provided  shall  be 
fixed  bv  the  court  having  jurisdiction  of 
the  matter. 

Except  as  herein  otherwise  specified, 
the  procedure  for  the  prevention  of  vio- 
lations   of    this    act,    for    the    vacation    of 


hotels  or  premises  unlawfully  occupied, 
or  for  the  abatement  of  a  nuisance  in 
connection  with  a  hotel,  or  the  premises 
thereof,  shall  be  as  set  forth  in  the  char- 
ter and  ordinances  of  the  municipality  in 
which   the   procedure   is  instituted. 

Permit  to  erect,  convert,  add  to  or  move 
house,  how  obtained.  Sworn  applica- 
tion In  writing.  Spec.fications  and 
plans  and  plan  of  lot  filed.  Approved 
copy  plans  and  specifications  on 
premises.  Nominal  alterations.  Per- 
mit may  be  revoked,  when.  Permit 
expires   in    ninety   days,   when. 

Sec.  7.  In  every  incorporated  town,  in- 
corporated city,  and  incorporated  city 
and  county,  it  shall  be  unlawful  to  com- 
mence or  to  proceed  with  the  erection, 
construction,  reconstruction,  conversion  or 
alteration  of  a  hotel  or  to  move,  or  to 
build  upon,  or  to  convert  a  building  of  any 
portion  thereof  into  use  as  a  hotel  without 
first  obtaining  a  permit  in  writing  so  to  do 
from  the  department  charged  with  the  en- 
forcement of  this  act.  Any  person,  firm 
or  corporation  desiring  such  a  permit 
shall  file  an  application  therefor  with 
the  department  charged  with  the  enforce- 
ment of  this  act.  Said  application  shall 
give  a  detailed  statement  in  writing, 
verified  under  oath  by  the  person  making 
the  same,  of  the  erection,  construction, 
reconstruction,  moving,  conversion,  or 
alteration,  as  the  case  may  be,  upon 
blanks  or  forms  to  be  furnished  by  tiie 
said  department.  The  said  application 
must  be  accompanied  with  a  full,  true 
and  complete  set  of  the  plans  of  the  ho- 
tel, or  alteration,  or  work  proposed,  as 
the  case  may  be,  together  with  a  set  of 
specifications  describing  the  materials 
proposed  to  enter  into  the  construction 
of  the  proposed  work,  also  a  plan  of  the 
lot  on  which  such  building  is  proposed  to 
be  erected,  constructed,  reconstructed, 
converted,  altered  or  moved,  as  the  case 
may  be.  Such  statement  shall  give  in 
full  the  name  and  address  by  street  and 
number  of  the  owner  or  owners,  also  the 
name  and  address  of  the  architect  and  of 
the  contractor,  if  there  be  such  an  archi- 
tect or  contractor;  also  shall  give  such 
other  data  and  information  as  in  the 
judgment  of  the  department  charged  with 
enforcement  of  this  act  is  deemed  neces- 
sary. 

The  affidavit  to  said  applicat'on  shall 
allege  that  the  plans  and  specifications 
are  true  and  contain  a  correct  desS"rip- 
tion  of  the  proposed  hotel,  lot  and  pro- 
posed work.  If  any  person  other  than 
the  owner  makes  such  affidavit,  such  per- 
son shall  not  be  recognized  except  that 
he  allege  in  his  affidavit  that  he  is  au- 
tliorized  and  empowered  by  the  said  own- 
er to  act  for  him  and  to  sign  the  required 
affidavit.  Said  department  charged  with 
the  enforcement  of  this  act  shall  cause 
all  such  plans,  specifications  and  state- 
ments to  be  examined,  and  if  it  appears 
that  they  conform  to  the  provisions  of 
this  act,  shall  then  issue  a  permit  to  the 
person  submitting  the  same.  Said  de- 
partment may,  from  time  to  time,  ap- 
prove changes  in  any  plans,  specifications 
or  statements  previously  approved  by  it; 
provided,  that  all  changes  when  so  made 
shall  be  in  conformity  with  the  provi- 
sions of  this  act.  Said  department  shall 
have  the  power  to  revoke  or  cancel  any 
permit  or  approval  that  it  has  previously 


43 


issued  in  case  of  any  lefusal,  failure  or 
neglect  of  the  person  to  whom  sucn  per- 
mit or  approval  has  been  issued  to  com- 
ply with  any  of  the  provisions  of  this 
act,  or  in  case  any  false  statement  or 
misrepresentation  is  made  in  any  of  the 
said  plans,  specifications  or  statements 
submitted  or  filed  foi-  such  permit  or  ap- 
pioval.  The  erection,  construction,  re- 
construction, moving,  altei'ation  or  con- 
version of  any  such  hotel,  as  the  case 
may  be,  shall  be  made  in  accordance 
with  the  plans,  specifications  and  state- 
jnents  submitted  or  filed,  and  for  which 
the   permit   is   issued. 

A  true  copy  of  the  plans,  specifications 
and  other  information  submitted  or  filed, 
upon  which  a  permit  is  issued,  with  the 
approval  of  the  department  with  which 
they  are  filed,  stamped  or  written  there- 
on, shall  be  kept  upon  the  premises  of 
the  hotel  or  work  for  which  the  said  per- 
mit is  issued,  from  the  commencement 
of  said  building  or  work  to  the  final  com- 
pletion of  same,  and  shall  be  subject  to 
inspection  at  all  times  by  pioper  authori- 
ties. 

The  department  charged  with  the  en- 
forcement of  this  act  may,  at  its  discre- 
tion, issue  a  permit  in  case  of  nominal 
alterations  or  repairs,  when  application 
is  made  therefor,  in  writing,  by  the  own- 
er or  his  agent,  when  the  making  of  said 
nominal  alterations  and  repairs  do  not 
affect  any  structural  feature  or  the  sani- 
tation or  the  ventilation  of  the  hotel, 
without  requiring  the  filing  of  plans  or 
specifications. 

The  issuance  or  granting  of  a  permit 
or  approval  by  the  department  charged 
with  the  enforcement  of  this  act  under 
the  authority  of  this  section  shall  not  be 
deemed  or  construed  to  be  a  permit  or 
an  approval  of  the  violation  of  any  of 
the  provisions  of   this  act. 

Every  permit  or  approval  which  is  is- 
sued by  the  department  charged  with  the 
enforcement  of  this  act,  but  under  which 
no  work  has  been  done  within  ninety 
days  from  the  date  of  issuance,  or  where 
work  has  been  suspended  for  a  period  of 
ninety  days,  shall  expire  by  limitation 
and  a  new  permit  shall  be  obtained  be- 
foie   the  woik   may   be   done. 

Certificate  of  final  completion,  how  ob- 
tained. Permit  of  occupancy,  how 
obtained    and   when    renewed. 

Sec.  8.  In  every  incorporated  town, 
incorporated  city,  and  incorporated  city 
and  county,  it  shall  be  unlawful  to  oc- 
cupy or  to  permit  to  be  occupied,  any 
hotel  hereafter  erected,  constructed,  re- 
constructed, altered,  converted  or  moved, 
as  the  case  may  be,  or  any  portion  there- 
of, for  human  habitation  until  the  issu- 
ance of  a  "certificate  of  final  completion" 
and  a  "permit  of  occupancy"  by  the  de- 
partment or  departments  charged  with 
the  enforcement  of  this  act. 

It  shall  also  be  unlawful  to  occupy  any 
existing  hotel  until  a  permit  of  occupancy 
has  been  issued  by  the  department  desig- 
nated to  issue  such  permit. 

Every  permit  of  occupancy  shall  be  re- 
newed each  calendar  year  by  the  depart- 
ment designated  to  issue  the  said  permit; 
provided,  that  no  structural  alterations, 
or  changes  have  occurred  since  the  issu- 
ance of  the  certificate  of  final  completion: 
and  provided,  that  all  other  provisions  of 
this  act  have  been  complied  with. 


Any  person  desiring  a  certificate  shall 
file  a  notice  with  the  department  charged 
with  the  enforcement  of  this  act.  Said 
department  shall  cause  an  inspection  to 
be  made  of  the  said  hotel  or  portion 
thereof,  or  work  described  in  the  said 
notice,  within  ten  days  after  written  ap- 
plication therefor,  and  shall  Issue  a  "cer- 
tificate of  final  completion"  if  it  is  found 
that  all  the  provisions  of  this  act,  regu- 
lating the  erection,  construction,  altera- 
tion or  moving,  as  the  case  may  be,  have 
been  complied  with. 

The  department  charged  with  the  en- 
forcement of  this  act  and  designated  to 
issue  the  permit  of  occupancy,  shall  issue 
the  said  "permit  of  occupancy"  upon  ap- 
plication, in  writing,  therefor  by  the  own- 
er or  his  agent,  and  upon  the  filing  by 
the  owner  or  his  agent  of  such  state- 
ments or  records  required  by  the  depart- 
ment, after  the  "certificate  of  final  com- 
pletion" has  been  Issued;  provided,  that 
no  violations  have  occurred  since  the  is- 
suance of  the  certificate  of  final  comple- 
tion, or,  in  the  case  of  a  hotel  erected 
prior  to  the  passage  of  this  act,  and  for 
which  no  certificate  of  final  completion 
has  been  issued,  then  after  the  said  de- 
paitment  has  caused  an  inspection  to 
have  been  made  of  the  said  hotel  and  has 
found  that  all  of  the  provisions  of  this 
act  applying  to  such  hotel  have  been  com- 
plied  with. 

All  permits  and  certificates  shall  be 
made  in  duplicate  and  a  copy  shall  re- 
main on  file  in  the  department  issuing 
them. 

Any  hotel  hereafter  erected,  altered, 
converted  or  moved,  which  is  occupied, 
or  any  portion  thereof  which  is  occupied 
for  human  habitation,  prior  to  a  "certifi- 
cate of  final  completion"  or  a  "permit  of 
occupancy"  being  issued,  shall  be  deemed 
a  nuisance  and  the  department  or  depart- 
ments charged  with  the  enforcement  of 
this  act  may  cause  it  to  be  vacated,  until 
the  said  certificate  of  completion  and  per- 
mit of  occupancy  have  been  obtained  in 
accordance  with  the  provisions  of  this 
act. 

Who  may  enter  house  and  when. 

Sec.  9.  The  department  or  depart- 
ments charged  with  the  enforcement  of 
this  act  in  any  incorporated  town,  incor- 
porated city,  and  incorporated  city  and 
County,  or  county,  and  the  authorized  of- 
ficers, agents  or  employees  of  such  de- 
partment or  departments,  may,  whenever 
necessary,  enter  hotels  or  portions  there- 
of, or  the  premises  thereof,  within  the 
corpoi-ate  limits  of  such  towns,  cities, 
cities  and  counties,  or  counties,  for  the 
purpose  of  inspecting  such  building,  in 
order  to  secure  compliance  with  the  pro- 
visions of  this  act  and  to  prevent  viola- 
tions thereof. 

The  members  of  the  commission  of  im- 
migration and  housing  of  California  and 
the  agents,  officers  or  employees  of  said 
commission  may,  whenever  necessary, 
enter  hotels  or  portions  thereof,  or  the 
premises  thereof,  for  the  purpose  of  in- 
specting such  buildings  in  order  to  secure 
compliance  with  the  provisions  of  this  act 
and  to  prevent  violations  thereof. 

The  owner  or  his  authorized  agent  may, 
whenever  necessary,  enter  hotels  or  por- 
tions thereof,  or  the  premises  thereof, 
owned  by  him,   to  carry  out  any  instruc- 


44 


tions    or    to    perform    any    work    required 
to  be  done   by  the  provisions  of  this  act. 

Definitions.  Lodging  house  Is  a  hotel. 
When  hotel  Is  mentioned  It  includes 
lodging    house. 

Sec.  10.  For  tlie  pvirpose  of  this  act, 
certain  words  and  phrases  are  defined  as 
follows,  unless  it  shall  be  apparent  from 
their  context  that  they  have  a  different 
meaning: 

Words  used  in  the  singular  include  the 
plural,    and    the    plural   the   singular. 

Words  used  in  the  present  tense  include 
the  future. 

Words  used  in  the  masculine  g;enrler  in- 
clude the  feminine,  and  the  feminine  the 
nnasculine. 

Words  "building  department,"  "health 
department,"  "housing  department,"  "de- 
partment charged  with  the  enforcement 
of  this  act,"  "fire  commissioner,"  shall 
be  construed  as  if  followed  by  the  words, 
"of  the  incorporated  town,  incorporated 
city,  incorporated  city  and  county,  or 
county,"  as  the  case  may  be,  in  which 
the   hotel   is   situated. 

"Approved"  defined  as  applied  to  build- 
ing material,  appurtenances,  appli- 
ances and  construction. 

"Approved"  means  whatever  material, 
appliance,  appurtenance,  or  other  mat- 
ter meets  the  requirements  and  approval 
of  the  department  charged  with  the  en- 
forcement of  this  act,  or  which  is  ap- 
proved by  local  ordinance  of  the  munici- 
pality in  which  the  building  is  situated, 
or  any  appliance,  appurtenance,  or  other 
matter  which  conforms  to  the  require- 
ments of,  and  bears  the  approval  of  the 
"national  board  of  fire  underwriters"; 
provided,  however,  that  no  such  material, 
appliance,  appurtenance  or  other  matter 
shall  be  deemed  "approved"  for  use 
where,  or  in  such  a  manner  as  would  be 
inconsistent  with  the  intent,  or  specific 
provisions  of  this  act. 

Basement  defined.  A  basement  is  a 
story. 

"Basement"  is  any  story  or  portion 
thereof  partly  below  the  level  of  the  curb 
or  the  actual  adjoining  ground  level,  the 
ceiling  of  which  in  no  part  Is  less  than 
seven  feet  above  the  curb  level  or  actual 
adjoining  ground  levels.  If  the  adjoining 
ground  is  excavated  to  or  below  the  curb 
level,  or  to  or  below  the  adjoining  natural 
ground  level,  such  excavated  space  shall 
have  not  less  than  the  minimum  width 
and  length  required  in  this  act  for  outer 
courts.     Every   basement   is  a  story. 

"Building''  is  a  hotel. 

"Building  department"  means  the  com- 
missioner of  buildings,  superintendent  of 
buildings,  chief  inspector  of  buildings,  or 
any  officer  or  department  charged  with 
the  enforceinent  of  ordinances  and  laws 
regulating  the  construction  and  altera- 
tion of  buildings  or  structures. 

"Cellar"    is  any  story   or   portion   there- 
of,   the   building   of   which    in   any   part    is 
less  than  seven  feet  above  the  curb  level 
and    actual   adjoining    ground    levels. 
Courts  are  outer  and   Inner.     See  sections 
19  and  20.  Street-to-yard  court  is  now 
a    side    yard.      How    far    cornice    may 
project   Into  court. 

"Court"  is  an  open,  unoccupied  space 
other  than  a  yard  on  the  lot  on  which  is 
.situated  a  hotel.     A  court,  one  entire  side 


or  end  of  which  is  bounded  by  a  front 
yard,  a  rear  yard  or  a  side  yard,  or  by 
the  front  of  lot,  or  by  a  street  or  a  pub- 
lic alley,  is  an  "outer  court."  Every 
court  which  is  not  an  "outer  court"  is  an 
"inner  court." 

Every  court  shaH  be  open  and  unob- 
structed to  the  siiy  from  a  point  not  more 
than  two  feet  above  the  floor  line  of  the 
lowest  story  in  the  buildmg  in  which 
there  are  windows  from  rooins  abutting 
the  said  court,  except  that  a  cornice  on 
the  building  may  extend  into  an  "outer 
court"  two  inches  for  each  one  foot  in 
width  of  sucli  court,  and  a  cornice  may 
extend  into  an  "inner  court"  one  inch 
for  each  foot  in  widtli  of  sucii  court. 

"Curb  level"  is  the  curb  level  opposite 
the  center  of  the  "front  of  lot." 

Wherever  the  word  "department"  is 
used  it  means  the  building  departinent, 
the  housing  department,  the  health  de- 
partment or  such  othei'  department  offi- 
cer, or  department  officers,  who  are 
charged  with  the  enforcement  of  the  pro- 
visions  of  this  act. 

Dormitory.  Every  100  square  feet  floor 
space    is   a   guest    room. 

"Dormitory"  is  a  loom  in  wliich  more 
than  two  persons  are  "guests"  and  are 
not  living  together  and  shall,  for  the  pur- 
pose of  computing  the  number  of  rooms, 
be  deemed  a  separate  guest  room  for  each 
one  hundred  square  feet  of  superficial 
Hoor   area   therein. 

Fireproof  hotel  or  lodging  house  to  be 
constructed  of  "approved"  material. 
See  definition   of  "approved." 

"Firepioof  hotel"  is  a  budding  wherein 
all  the  exterior  and  interior  loads  or 
strains  are  transmitted  to  the  foundation 
by  means  of  concrete,  reinforced  concrete, 
brick,  stone  or  by  means  of  a  skeleton 
framework  of  steel  or  iron;  the  exterior 
walls,  inner  court  walls  and  roof  con- 
structed of  concrete,  reinforced  concrete, 
brick,  stone  or  hollow  terra  cotta  tile; 
where  all  the  structural  steel  or  iron  Is 
thoroughly  fireproofed  by  concrete,  ce- 
ment plaster,  tile,  brick  or  sandstone,  not 
less  than  two  inches  thick;  where  all  the 
interior  partitions  are  constructed  of 
either  hollow  terra  cotta  tile  blocks,  gyp- 
sum blocks,  brick,  concrete,  reinforced 
concrete,  or  of  metal  studs  lathed  with 
metal  lath  and  plastered  not  less  than 
three-quarters  inch  thick  including  the 
lath,  or  of  metal  studs  lathed  with  apr 
proved  plaster  board  and  plastered  not 
less  than  three-quarters  inch  thick,  in- 
cluding the  plaster  board,  or  construct- 
ed of  wire  glass  not  less  than  one-fourth 
inch  thick,  set  in  metal  frames  and  sash, 
and  all  other  materials  used  in  the  said 
building  are  of  approved  incombustible 
material,  except  that  the  glass  in  win- 
dows, transoms,  or  doors  may  be  of  plain 
glass,  and  except  that  doors,  frames,  sash 
and  the  usual  trim  of  rooms,  hallways, 
corridors,  and  passageways  may  be  of 
wood,  and  except  that  wood  floors  may  be 
placed  on  top  of  the  floors  constructed  of 
incombustible  materials,  except  in  the 
public  hallways. 

"Guest"  is  any  person  hiring  and  occu- 
pying a  room  for  sleeping  purposes,  and 
shall    include    both    boarders    and    lodgers. 

"Guest  room"  is  a  room  which  is  occu- 
pied, or  is  intended,  arranged  or  designed 
to  be  occupied  for  sleeping  purposes  by 
one    or    more    guests,    but    shall    not    be 


45 


deemed    to    include    dormitories    used    for 

sleeping  purposes. 

Hotel.      Lodging  house   is  a   hotel. 

"Hotel"  is  any  house  or  building,  or 
poition  thereof,  containing'  six  or  more 
guest  rooms  which  are  let  or  hiied  out 
to  be  occupied,  or  which  are  occupied  by 
six  or  more  guests,  whether  the  compen- 
sation for  hire  be  paid  directly  or  in- 
directly in  money,  goods,  wares,  merch- 
andise, labor  or  otherwise,  and  shall  in- 
clude Turkish  baths,  bachelor  hotels,  stu- 
dio hotels,  public  and  private  clubs  and 
any  building  of  any  nature  whatsoever 
so  designed  or  occupied,  except  hospitals 
where  persons  temporarily  reside  and 
■where  each  such  person  receives  regular 
bona  fide  medical  attendance  on  the 
premises,  and  jails,  detention  buildings 
and  similar  buildings  where  human  be- 
ing^s  are  housed  and  detained  under  re- 
straint. 

When    department  of   public    health    to   be 
housing   department. 

"Housing  department"  is  any  depart- 
ment or  commission  charged  with  the 
enforcement  of  ordinances  or  laws  regu- 
lating the  occupancy  and  maintenance  of 
hotel,  lodging  house  or  swelling  house 
buildings;  and  where  no  such  department 
is  maintained,  shall  be  deemed  to  be  the 
health  commissioner,  the  department  of 
health,  health  officer,  or  similar  depart- 
ment charged  with  the  enforcement  of 
laws  and  ordinances  relating  to  the  pro- 
tection of  the  public  health. 
What  constitutes  a  "lot,"  Part  of  corner 
ner  lot  more  than  75  feet  from  corner. 
Either  street  frontage  may  be  front 
of  corner  lot. 

"Lot"  is  a  parcel  or  area  of  land  on 
which  is  situated  a  hotel,  together  with 
the  land,  yards,  courts  and  unoccupied 
spaces  for  such  a  hotel  as  required  by 
this  act;  all  of  which  land  shall  be  owne  i 
or  be  under  the  absolute  lawful  control 
and  in  the  lawful  possession  of  the  hotel. 

A  lot  situated  at  the  junction  of  two 
or  more  intersecting  streets,  with  a  boun- 
dary line  thereof  bordering  on  each  of 
the  two  streets,  is  a  "corner  lot."  All 
parts  of  the  width  of  such  corner  lot 
which  are  distant  more  than  seventy-five 
feet  from  the  junction  point  of  the  two 
or  more  intersecting  streets,  shall  be 
deemed  to  be  an  "interior  lot."  The 
owner  or  his  authorized  agent  may  desig- 
nate either  street  frontage  as  being  the 
front  of  such  corner  lot  for  the  purpose 
of  determining-  the  width   thereof. 

A  lot  which  has  only  one  boundary  line 
bordering  on  a  public  street  is  an  "in- 
terior lot." 

"Rear  lot"  is  a  parcel  or  area  of  land 
having  no  boundary  line  bordering  on  .•> 
street,  or  having  less  than  one-half  of 
its  width  as  a  boundary  line  bordering 
on  a  street. 

"Front  of  lot"  is  the  boundary  line  of 
lot  bordering  on  the  street.  In  case  of 
a  corner  lot,  either  of  the  boundary  lines 
may   be   the    "front   of  lot." 

"Rear  of  lot"  is  the  boundary  line 
theieof  opposite   the   "front   of   lot." 

"Depth    of    lot"    i.s    the    mean    distance 
from    the    "front   of   lot"    to    the    "rear    of 
lot." 
Nuisance    defined    and    what    It    embraces. 

"Nuisance"  embraces  pviblic  nuisance 
as    known    at    common    law    or    in    equity 


jurisprudence,  and  whatever  is  dangei- 
ous  to  human  life  or  detrimental  to 
health;  and  shall  also  embrace  ihe  over- 
crowding with  occupants  of  any  room,  In- 
sufficient ventilation,  or  illumination,  or 
inadequate  or  insanitary  sewerage  or 
plumbing  facilities,  or  uncleanliness,  and 
whatever  rendei's  air,  food  or  drink  un- 
wholesome or  detrimental  to  the  health 
of   human   beings. 

"Person"  is  a  natuial  person,  his  heirs, 
executors,  administrators  or  assigns;  also 
includes  a  firm,  partnership,  or  corpora- 
tion,  its  oi'  their  successors  or  assi,gns. 

"Public  hallway"  is  a  hallway,  corridor, 
passageway  or  vestibule  not  within  a 
suite,  and  includes  stairways,  landings 
and    platforms. 

"Rear   hotel"   is  a  hotel  on  a   "rear  lot." 
Semifireproof   buildings   to    be   constructed 
of    "approved"    material.      See    defini- 
tion   of   "approved." 

"Semifireproof  hotel"  is  a  building  with 
all  exterior  walls  and  walls  of  inner  an.l 
outer  courts  constructed  of  brick,  stone, 
concrete,  reinforced  concrete  or  hollow 
terra  cotta  tile,  except  that  the  walls  of 
an  inner  court,  which  court  is  surround- 
ed on  four  sides  by  the  same  building, 
may  be  constructed  as  provided  in  this 
act  for  such  inner  courts;  interior  parti- 
tions and  floors  constructed  of  approved 
incombustible  materials  or  of  wood,  witli 
all  ceilings,  partitions,  soffits  of  stiir- 
ways,  and  outside  stringers  of  open  stair- 
ways and  stair  wells  metal  lathe  1  and 
plastered  not  less  than  three-quarters 
inch  thick  including  the  lath,  or  lathed 
with  approved  plaster  board,  plastei-ed 
not  less  than  three-quarters  inch  thick 
including  the  plaster  beard;  in  which  all 
finished  floors,  frames,  doors  and  the 
usual  trim  of  rooms  and  hallways  may  be 
built  of  wood,  and  the  roof  of  which  shall 
be  covered  with  at  least  a  composition 
fire-retardant    material. 

"Shall."      Whenever    this    word    is    used 
it  shall  be  mandatory. 
Street  to  be  16  feet  or  more  in  width. 

"Street"  is  any  public  street,  alley, 
thorou.ghfare  or  park  having  a  minimum 
width  of  sixteen  feet,  measured  from  the 
"front  of  lot"  to  the  opposite  "front  of 
lot"  and  which  shall  have  been  dedicated 
or  deeded  to  the  public  for  public  use. 

"Turkish  bath"  is  a  dormitory  or  a 
combination  of  guest  rooms,  accommo- 
dating six  (6)  or  more  guests,  in  com- 
nection  with  which  any  form  of  bath  or 
massage  is  given  b\-  the  attendants  to 
the  guests. 

Wooden  hotel  to  have  public  hallways, 
stairways  and  stairwells  metal  lathed 
or  plaster  boarded. 
"Wooden  hotel"  is  a  building  which 
does  not  fully  comply  with  the  require- 
ments foi'  a  fireproof  or  semifireproof  ho- 
tel as  defined  in  this  act,  shall  include 
all  frame  and  all  veneered  buildings.  In 
every  such  building  all  ceilings  and  wall.< 
and  partitions  of  public  hallways,  soffits 
of  interior  stairways  and  the  outside 
stringers  of  open  sta'rwa,\s  and  stair 
wells  shall  be  metal  lathel  and  plastered 
not  less  than  three-quarters  inch  thick 
including  the  lath,  or  lathed  with  an  ap- 
proved plaster  board  and  be  plastered  not 
less  than  three-quarters  inch  thick  in- 
clud'n.g  the  iilnster  board. 
Yards   are   front,   rear  or  side. 

"Vaid"     is    an    open     unoccupied    space 


46 


other  than  a  court  on  the  lot  on  which 
is  situated  a  hotel,  open  and  unobstruced 
to  the  sky  from  a  point  not  inore  than 
two  feet  above  the  floor  line  of  the  lowest 
story  in  the  building  in  which  there  are 
windows  from  the  rooms  abutting  the 
said  yard;  except  that  outside  stairways, 
platforms  and  balconies  constructed  of 
open  metal  framework  and  fire  escapes 
inay  extend  not  more  than  four  feet  into 
a  yard,  providing  they  do  not  in  any 
manner  obstruct  the  light  or  ventilation 
of  rooms.  If  such  yard  is  between  the 
front  line  of  the  building  and  the  front 
boundary  line  of  the  lot.  it  is  a  "front 
yard."  If  it  is  between  the  extreme  rear 
line  of  the  building  and  the  rear  of  the 
lot,  it  is  a  "rear  yard."  If  it  extends 
from  the  rear  yard  to  the  front  yard,  or 
front  of  lot,  it  is  a  "side  yard." 

Rear  hotel  or  lodging  house  forbidden, 
when.  When  building  in  front  forbid- 
den. 

Sec.  i1.  No  hotel  shall  hereafter  be 
erected  on  or  moved  onto  a  rear  lot.  No 
building  for  any  purpose  shall  hereafter 
be  erected  in  front  of  any  hotel  unless 
there  be  left  unoccupied  a  front  yard  ex- 
tending from  the  front  of  the  rear  hotel 
to  the  front  line  of  lot  bordering  on  the 
street. 

Such  front  yard  shall  not  be  in  any 
part  less  in  width  than  fifty  (.50)  per  cent 
of  the  actual  width  of  the  rear  hotel. 

Height  limit  of  fireproof,  semifireproof  and 
wooden  hotels.  Limit  by  stories  and 
feet.      Basement    is   a   story. 

Sec.  12.  No  fireproof  hotel  hereafter 
erected  shall  exceed  one  hundred  fifty 
feet  in  height,  nor  more  than  one  and 
one-half  times  the  width  of  the  widest 
street  to  which  the  lot  on  which  it  is  sit- 
uated abuts. 

No  semifireproof  hotel  building  hereaf- 
ter erected  shall  exceed  six  stories  at  any 
point;  nor  more  than  sixty-five  feet  in 
height  (except  as  hereinafter  provided), 
nor  inore  than  one  and  one-half  times 
the  width  of  the  widest  street  to  which 
the  lot  on  which  it  is  situated  abuts. 

No  wooden  hotel  hereafter  erected  shall 
exceed  three  stories  at  any  point,  nor 
more  than  thirty-six  feet  in  height  (ex- 
cept as  hereinafter  provided),  nor  more 
than  one  and  one-half  times  the  width  of 
the  widest  street  to  which  the  lot  on 
which  it  is  situated  abuts. 

The  width  of  the  street,  for  this  pur- 
pose, shall  be  measured  from  the  extreme 
front  of  the  building  to  the  "front  of  lot" 
opposite,  across  the  street. 

For  the  purposes  of  this  section,  a  base- 
ment is  a  story. 

The  height  of  a  fireproof  hotel  is  the 
perpendicular  distance  from  the  curb  lev- 
el or  adjoining  ground  levels  to  the  high- 
est point  of  the  roof.  The  height  of  a 
semifireproof  or  of  a  wooden  hotel  is 
the  perpendicular  distance  from  the  curb 
level  or  adjoining  ground  levels  to  the 
lowest  point  of  the  finished  ceiling  of  the 
top  story;  provided,  that  in  the  case  of 
a  semifireproof  hotel  situated  on  a  lot 
with  the  ground  sloping  downward  frona 
the  facade  at  which  the  measurement 
is  taken  the  height  of  the  building  shall 
not  at  any  point  exceed  sixty-five  feet 
above  the  curb  level  measured  on  the 
facade  facing  the  street,  nor  shall  the 
height    of    the    building    at    any    point    of 


the  grade  exceed  seventy-five  feet  above 
the  adjoining  curb  in  case  of  a  corner 
lot,  or  above  the  level  of  the  ground  in 
the  case  of  an  interior  lot,  and  in  the 
case  of  a  wooden  hotel  sutated  on  a 
lot  with  the  ground  sloping  downward 
from  the  facad^  at  which  the  measure- 
ment is  taken  tne  height  of  the  building 
shall  not  at  any  point  exceed  thirty-six 
feet  above  the  curb  line  measured  on  the 
facade  facing  the  street,  nor  shall  the 
height  of  the  building  at  any  point  of 
the  grade  exceed  forty-six  feet  above  the 
adjoining  curb  in  the  case  of  a  corner 
lot  or  above  the  level  of  the  ground  in 
the  case  of  an  interior  lot. 
Yard  or  court  not  to  serve  two  hotels  or 
lodging  houses,  unless.  Distance  be- 
tween front  and  rear  buildings. 

Sec.  13.  In  no  event  shall  any  yard  or 
court  be  made  to  serve  the  purpose  of 
two  hotels  hereafter  erected,  or  of  an 
existing  hotel  and  a  hotel  hereafter  erect- 
ed, unless  such  yard  or  court,  as  the  case 
may  be,  is  of  full  size  required  for  two 
hotels,  and  then  only  in  the  event  that 
such  yard  or  court,  as  the  case  inay  be, 
is  located  on  the  same  lot  and  owned  by 
or  in  the  absolute  lawful  control  and  in 
the  lawful  possession  of  the  hotel  it  pro- 
poses to  serve. 

Where  a  hotel,  now  or  hereafter  erect- 
ed, stands  upon  a  lot,  no  other  building 
shall  hereafter  be  placed  upon  the  front 
or  rear  of  that  lot,  unless  the  minimum 
distance  between  such  buildings  shall  be 
at  least  ten  feet  and  two  additional  feet 
shall  be  added  to  such  minimum  distance 
of  ten  feet  for  every  story  naore  than 
one  in  height  of  the  highest  building  on 
such  lot. 
Yard.     Depth  of,  how  measured. 

Sec.  14.     The  depth  of  a  rear  yard  shall 
be  measured  at  right  angles  from  the  ex- 
treme   rear    line    of    the    building    toward 
the  rear  lot  line. 
Yard.     IVIinimum  size  rear  yard. 

Sec.  15.  The  minimum  size  of  every 
rear  yard  for  a  hotel  hereafter  erected 
shall  be  not  less  in  width  and  in  area 
than  an  inner  court,  except  that  if  such 
rear  yard  is  bounded  on  its  entire  one 
end  or  side  by  an  outer,  court  or  by  a 
alley  or  park,  then  such  rear  yard  shall 
be  not  less  in  width  or  exceed  the  maxi- 
mum length  of  an  other  court;  provided, 
however,  that  if  the  lot  extends  through 
from  one  street  to  another  street  or  pub- 
lic alley,  one-half  of  the  narrowest  street 
or  1  ublic  alley,  to  which  said  lot  abuts 
maj  be  considered  as  a  part  of  the  lot 
in  computing  the  rear  yard  required. 
Yard-to-street    passageway. 

Sec.  16.  Every  rear  yard  not  bordering 
on  a  street  or  public  alley  and  without 
direct  access  thereto  shall  have  access 
to  a  street  or  public  alley  by  means  of 
an  unobstructed  passageway  not  les.s 
than  three  feet  six  inches  in  clear  width, 
nor  less  than  seven  feet  in  clear  height; 
and  if  such  passageway  or  any  portion 
thereof  passes  through  a  building,  such 
portion  thereof  shall  be  built  of  approved 
incombustible  materials,  or  shall  be  lathed 
with  metal  lath  or  approved  plaster  board 
and  be  plastered  not  less  than  three- 
quarters  inch  thick  including  the  lath  or 
plaster  board,  or  shall  be  lined  with  not 
less  than  number  twenty-six  (gauge)  gal- 
vanized iron,  and  shall  be  drained  and 
lighted. 


47 


Yard.      Front  yard    excavated. 

Sec.  17.  Every  front  yard  which  is  ex- 
cavated below  the  level  of  the  curb  or 
below  the  adjoining  ground  level  for  the 
purpose  of  furnishing  light  and  ventila- 
tion to  a  basement  shall  in  no  part  be 
less  in  width  and  length  than  require,! 
for  outer  courts. 
Yard.     Minimum  size  of  side  yard. 

Sec.  18.  The  width  of  every  side  yard 
shall  be  not  less  than  the  width  required 
for  an   outer  court,    except   that   the   pro- 


visions of  this  act  regarding  the  maxi- 
mum lengths  of  an  outer  court  shall  not 
apply  to  a  side  yard;  provided,  that  if 
there  is  a  side  yard  on  both  sides  of  the 
bUilding  connected  one  with  the  other 
across  the  rear  of  the  building  by  the 
rear  yard,  then  the  width  of  the  side 
yards  may  be  leduced  twelve  inches. 
Outer  court.   Outer  court  on   lot  line. 

Sec.  19.  The  minimum  size  of  every 
outer  court  for  a  hotel  hereafter  erected 
shall  be  as  follows: 


Height   of   building   based   on   the   full    number  of   stories   in 

the   building   measured   upward    from    and    including    the         Minimum 
lowest  story  in   which   there   is  a  guest    room    or    guest  width  of 

rooms,   or  a  dormitory  or  dormitories  court 

1  story   ....„ 4  ft.  0  in. 

2  stories    4  ft.  0  in. 

3  stories 4  ft.  6  in. 

4  stories    5  ft.  6  in. 

5  stories    6  ft.  0  in. 

6  stories    _ _ _ 8  ft.  0  in. 

7  stories    10  ft.  0  in. 

8  stories    _ _ 12  ft.  0  in. 

9  stories    13  ft.  0  in. 

10  or  more  stories   „ 14  ft.  0  in. 


Maximum 
length  (•{ 

court 
16  ft.  0  in. 
16  ft.  0  in. 
25  ft.  0  in. 
30  ft.  0  in. 
35  ft.  0  in. 
35  ft.  0  in. 
40  ft.  0  in. 
40  ft.  0  in. 
40  ft.  0  in. 
40  ft.  0  in. 


There  shall  be  added  to  the  minimum 
width  of  each  such  outer  court  six  inches 
for  each  five  feet  or  fractional  part  there- 
of in  excess  of  the  maximum  length;  p:o- 
vided,  however,  that  the  maximum 
lengths  herein  provided  shall  not  apply 
when  the  outer  court  is  bounded  on  one 
side  for  its  entire  length  by  a  lot  line; 
provided,  further,  that  if  an  outer  court 
is    bounded    by    a    public    alley    or    public 


park,    the   width    of   such    public   alley    or 

public  park  inay  be  considered  a  part  of 

the  lot  in  determining  the  required  width 

of  the  outer  court. 

Inner  court.     Inner  court  on   lot  line.     In- 
ner court  and  vent  shaft  to  have  door 
or  window  at  bottom. 
Sec.    20.     The    minimum    size    of    everx' 

inner  court   for  a   hotel  hereafter  erected 

shall  be  as  follows: 


Height  of  building  based  on  the  full  number  of 
stories  in  the  building  measured  upward  from 
and   including   the   lowest   story   in   which    there 

is   a  guest   room   or   guest   rooms,    or   a   dormi-  Minimum 
tory  or  dormitories                                                                         width  of  court 

1  story  _ _ _.._ 6  ft.  0  in. 

2  stories    6  ft.  0  in. 

3  stories    _ _ _.._ _ _...  7  ft.  0  in. 

4  stories    8  ft.  0  in. 

5  stories    12  ft.  0  in. 

6  stories    16  ft.  0  in. 

7  stories    _ _ _ 20  ft.  0  in. 

8  stories  and  more  24  ft.  0  in. 


Minimum 

area  of  court 

75  square  feet 

75  square  feet 

120  square  feet 

160  square  feet 

250  square  feet 

400  square  feet 

625  square  feet 

840  square  feet 


provided,  however,  that  the  minimum  size 
of  every  inner  court  which  is  bounded  on 


one  side  for  its  entire  length  by  a  lot  line 
may  be  as  follows: 


Height  of  building  based  on  the  full  number  of 
stories  in  the  building  measured  upward  from 
and   including   the   lowest   story   in   which   there 

is   a   guest   room   or   guest  rooms,    or   a   dormi-  Minimum  Minimum 
tory  or  dormitories                                                                         width  of  court     area  of  court 

1  story  _ 5  ft.  0  in.  75  square  feet 

2  stories    - - 5  ft.  0  in.  75  square  feet 

3  stories    6  ft.  0  in.  120  square  feet 

4  stories    _ - - 7  ft.  0  in.  160  square  feet 

5  stories    9  ft.  0  in.  250  square  feet 

6  stories    _ - 16  ft.  0  in.  400  square  feet 

7  stories    20  ft.  0  in.  625  square  feet 

8  stories  and  more   24  ft.  0  in.  840  square  feet 


Every  inner  court  hereafter  construct- 
and  every  inner  court  or  vent  shaft  now 
in  any  hotel  or  lodging  house  shall  be 
provided  with  a  door  or  window  at  or 
near  the  bottom  thereof,  giving  sufficient 


access   to   such  court   or  vent   .«haft   as   to 
enable    it    to   be    properly    cleane  1    out. 
Recess  from  court,  yard  or  street. 

Sec.    21.     Every    recess    from    a    covirt. 
vard  or  street  in  a  hotel  hereafter  erect- 


48 


ed  shall  unless  it  conforms  to  the  require- 
ments of  this  act  for  an  inner  court,  or 
an  outer  court,  be  not  less  in  width  than 
its  depth.  Every  such  recess  shall  be 
open  and  unobstructed  from  a  point  not 
moie  than  two  feet  below  the  floor  line 
of  the  lowest  story  in  the  building  in 
which  theie  are  rooms  the  said  recess 
proposes  to  serve. 


Inner  court,  when  to  have  intake.  Con- 
struction. 
Sec.  22.  Every  inner  court  in  a  hotel 
of  two  or  inore  stories  in  height  hereafter 
erected  shall  be  provided  with  one  or 
more  horizontal  intakes  at  the  bottom  of 
the  court,  as  follows: 


Minimum 
number  of 
Inner  couit  areas  intakes 

Each    not   exceeding   300   square   feet One 

Each  not  exceeding   800  square  feet Two 

Each  exceeding  800  square  feet  Two 


Net  aggregate 
area  of  intakes 
19%  square  feet 
40      square  feet 
60      square  feet 


Every  such  intake  shall  always  extend 
directly  to  the  front  of  lot  or  front  yard, 
or  rear  yard,  or  to  a  side  yard,  or  to  a 
street,  or  to  a  public  alley  or  park.  When- 
ever more  than  one  intake  Is  required, 
one  such  intake  shall  extend  to  the  front 
of  lot  or  front  yard,  and  one  to  the  rear 
yard,  public  alley,  public  park,  or  to 
the  othei-  street,  and  the  court  ends  of 
the  air  intakes  shall  be  as  far  apart  as 
possible. 

E'ach  such  intake  shall  consist  of  an 
unobstructed  duct  or  passageway  having 
a  minimum  width  of  three  feet  in  all  it.« 
parts  and  a  minimum  height  of  six  inches. 

Every  such  intake  shall  be  constr'ucted 
of  approved  incombustible  materials,  or 
shall  be  lined  with  at  least  number 
twenty-six  (gauge)  galvanized  iron  on 
the  inside  thereof.  Such  air  intakes  may 
be  closed  at  each  end  with  a  gate  or 
grill  having  not  less  than  seventy-five 
per  cent   of   open   work. 

In  case  the  inner  court  does  not  ex- 
tend below  the  second  floor,  then  each 
such  air  intake  may  consist  of  an  unob- 
structed open  duct,  constructed  of  ap- 
proved incombustible  matei'ials  or  lined 
with  at  least  number  twenty-six  (gauge) 
galvanized  iron  on  the  inside  thereof, 
having  an  interior  area  of  not  less  than 
nineteen  and  one-half  squaie  feet,  and  in 
no  ■  dimension  less  than  twelve  inches, 
and  covered  at  each  end  with  a  wire 
scrfeen  of  not  less  than  one  inch  mesh. 

Every  air  intake  shall  be  drained  and 
so  constructed  and  arranged  as  to  be 
readily   cleaned   out. 

Cellar.       Occupation     forbidden.       Water- 
proof.     Damproof.      When    plastered. 

Sec.  23.  In  no  hotel  shall  any  room  in 
the  cellar  be  constructed,  altered,  con- 
verted  or  occupied   for  sleeping  purposes. 

Every  cellar  shall  be  illuminate.1  and 
ventilated.  The  walls  and  flooi-  of  every 
cellar  hereafter  constructed,  which  are 
below  the  ground  level,  shall  be  made 
waterproof  and  dampproof.  and  when- 
ever deemed  necessary  and  so  ordered 
by  the  department  charged  with  the  en- 
forcement of  this  act,  the  walls  and  ceil- 
ings thereof  shall  be  plastered. 
Basement.  When  occupied.  Construc- 
tion. 

Sec.  24.  In  no  hotel  shall  any  room  in 
the  basement  be  constructed,  altered, 
converted  or  occupied  for  sleeping  pur- 
poses, unless  such  room  conforms  to  all 
of  the  requirements  of  this  act  for  rooms 
in  other  parts  of  the  building,  and  that 
ceiling  of  each   such   room  be  in  all  parts 


not  less  than  seven  feet  above  the  adjoin- 
ing ground  level. 

Every  basement  shall  be  illuminated 
and  ventilated.  The  walls  and  floors  of 
every  basenrent  hereafter  constructed, 
which  are  below  the  ground  level,  shall 
be  made  waterproof  and  dampproof,  and 
whenever  deemed  necessary  and  so  or- 
dered by  the  department  charged  with 
the  enforcement  of  this  act,  the  walls 
and  ceilings  thereof  shall  be  plasteied. 
Floor.  Construction  of  lowest.  Founda- 
tion.    Construction.      Ratproofing. 

Sec.  25.  In  every  hotel  hereafter  erect- 
ed, the  lowest  floor  thereof  shall  be  at 
least  eighteen  inches  above  the  surface 
soil  adjoining  and  under  the  floor,  and 
the  entire  space  under  such  floor  shall 
be  kept  dry,  drained,  clean  and  free  from 
any  accumulation  of  rubbish,  debris  or 
filth. 

Such  space  under  the  floor  shall  be  en- 
closed and  provided  with  a  sufficient 
nurhber  of  opening.s  With  removable 
screens  or  similai'  provisions  of  a  size  to 
insure  ample  ventilation;  provided,  how- 
ever, that  in  any  such  building  the  low- 
est flooi'  thereof  may  be  less  than 
eighteen  inches  above  the  surface  soil  but 
in  no  case  less  than  six  inches  (except 
where  masonry  floors  are  laid  directly  on 
the  soil)  if  the  said  floor  is  made  imper- 
vious to  the  ingress  of  rats  or  other  ver- 
inin,  as  follows: 

(a)  Foundation  walls  .shall  be  con- 
structed of  concrete  or  of  brick  or  stone 
or  other  masonr\-  laid  in  a  good  mortar 
oi'  constructed  of  some  other  equally  as 
lat   proof  inaterial. 

(b)  The  said  foundation  walls  shall  be 
not  less  than  six  inches  in  thickness  at 
the  top  nor  less  than  twelve  inches  in 
thickness  at  the  bottom,  nor  extend  less 
than  twelve  inches  below  the  surface  soil, 
and  except  where  masonry  floors  are  laid 
directly  on  the  soil,  shall  extend  not  less 
than    six    inches    above    the    surface    soil. 

(c)  Every  opening  in  the  foundation 
walls,  for  ventilation  or  for  other  pur- 
poses, shall  be  made  rat  proof  with  suit- 
able metal  screens  or  some  other  simi- 
lar rat  proof  mateiial.  Doors  or  window 
openings  in  such  walls  shall  have  tight- 
fitting  doors  or  windows. 

(d)  The  said  lowest  floor  or  differing 
levels  thereof,  forming  a  complete  floor 
between  the  outside  walls  of  the  building, 
shall  be  constructed  either  of  masonry, 
or  covered  with  concrete  not  less  than 
one  and  one-half  inches  thick,  or  con- 
structed of  two  layers  of  flooring  with  a 
layer  of  galvanized     iron     or     galvanized 


49 


iron  wire  cloth  or  other  approved  eouall.\' 
as  rat  proof  material  placed  between  the 
two  layers  of  flooring.  Or  in  lieu  of  the 
floor  being  constructed  as  herein  pre- 
scribed, the  entire  ground  area  under  the 
flooi'  shall  be  covered  witVi  concrete  not 
less  than  two  inches  thick,  except  where 
che  surface  of  the  soil  is  composed  of 
rock.  The  rat-piooting  material  shall  al- 
ways extend  undei-  the  plates  of  the  ex- 
terior walls  and  supporting  partitions. 

(e)  All  openings  thioughout  the  said 
floor  for  chimneys,  plumbing,  water 
pipes  or  for  other  purposes  shall  be  closed 
up  tight  in  the  same  manner  and  with 
the  same  kind  of  materials  as  lequired 
under  the  plates  of  the  exterioi-  walls  and 
supporting  partitions,  and  if  the  rat- 
prooflng  material  u.sed  for  the  closing  of 
openings  is  other  than  masoniy,  it  shall 
extend  beyond  and  underlap  the  flooring 
all  around  the  opening,  not  less  than  two 
inches. 

Rooms  for  guests.  Water-closets.  Re- 
ception and  dining  rooms.  Closets. 
Recesses.  Dressing  rooms.  Area. 
Width.     Height. 

Sec.  26.  In  every  hotel  hereafter  erect- 
ed, every  guest  room  shall  contain  not 
less  than  ninety  square  feet  of  superficial 
floor  area.  Every  such  room  shall  at 
every  point  be  not  less  than  seven  feet 
in  width,  nor  less  than  nine  feet  in 
height,  measured  from  the  finished  floor 
to  the  finished  ceiling;  except  that  attic 
rooms  where  sloping  ceilings  occur  need 
be  nine  feet  in  height  in  but  one-half 
the   area  of  the  room. 

Every  water-closet  compartment  shall 
be  not  less  than  thirty-six  inches  in  clear 
width,  and  every  such  water  closet  com- 
paitment,  bath  or  slop-sink  compartment, 
or  closet  or  recess  from  a  room,  or  dress- 
ing room  shall  have  a  height  of  not  less 
than  seven  feet  six  Inches,  measured  fiom 
the  finished  floor  to  the  finished  ceiling. 

Every  closet,  recess  fiom  a  room,  oi' 
dressing  room  which  contains  more  than 
twenty-five  square  feet  of  superficial  floor 
area  (built-in  dressers,  clothes  presses 
and  similar  features  which  are  a  sub- 
stantial part  of  the  structure,  shall  not 
be  deemed  to  be  a  part  of  the  floor  area 
of  a  closet,  recess  from  a  room,  or  dress- 
ing room),  shall  confoim  to  all  of  the 
provisions  of  this  act  as  to  guest  rooms, 
and  shall  contain  not  less  than  ninet>' 
square  feet  of  superficial  flooi-  area. 

No  part  of  any  room  in  any  hotel  shall 
hei-eafter  be  enclosed  oi-  subdivided  whol- 
ly or  in  part,  by  a  curtain,  poitiere,  fixed 
or  movable  partition,  or  othei-  contrivance 
or  device,  for  any  purpose,  contrary  to 
any   of  the  provisions  of  this  act. 

Entertainment,  amusement  or  i-ecep- 
tion  rooms,  or  public  dining  I'ooms,  here- 
after constructed,  alteied  or  converted  in 
any  hotel  shall  confoim  to  the  pi'ovisions 
of  section  thirty  of  this  act. 

Dormitories  hereafter  constructed,  al- 
teied or  converted  in  any  hotel  shall  con- 
form to  the  provisions  of  section  sixty- 
two  of  this  act. 

Windows.  Rooms  to  have.  Water-closet, 
bath,  shower,  toilet  and  slop-sink 
rooms  to  have.  On  what  to  open. 
Exhaust  system  when. 

Sec.  27.  In  every  hotel  hefeafter  erect- 
ed, eveiy  guest  room,  dormitory,  kitchen, 
scullery,  pantry  or  othei'  room  in  which 
food   is   stored   or   prepared,    public   dining 


rc>om,  laundry,  barber  .shop,  Turki.sh 
bath,  general  amusement,  entertainment 
OI'  reception  I'oom,  water-closet  or  shower- 
compartment,  bath,  toilet  oi'  slop-sink 
room  and  general  utility  room  shall  have 
at  least  one  window,  of  the  area  herein- 
after required,  opening  dii'ectly  upon  a 
sti'eet,  or  upon  a  yard  or-  court  of  the  di- 
mensions specified  in  this  act  and  located 
on  the  same  lot. 

All  windows  required  by  this  act  shall 
be  located  so  as  to  properly  light  all  por- 
tions of  the  room  and  shall  be  made  so 
as  to  open  in  all  parts  and  be  so  arranged 
that  at  least  one-half  of  the  window  may 
be   opened    unobstr-ucted. 

The  windows  required  by  this  section 
in  a  water-cltjset  or-  shower  comparimfe..t, 
bath,  toilet  or-  slop-sink  i-oom  may  open 
directly  into  a  vent  shaft,  in  lieu  of  a 
street,  yard  or  court.  Such  vent  shaft 
to  be  not  less  than  of  the  minimum  size, 
and  constructed  of  the  materials  and  in 
the  manner-  prescribed  by  section  fifty- 
seven  of  this  act,  or-  such  rooms  or-  com- 
partments, in  lieu  of  being  provided  wii* 
windows  may  be  ventilated  by  an  exhaust 
system  of  ventilation  installed,  construct- 
ed and  maintained  as  prescribed  by  sec- 
tion sixty-one  hereof. 

The  windows  required  by  this  section 
to  open  onto  a  street,  yard,  or  an  outer 
court,  except  windows  fr-om  kitchens, 
may  open  through  porches,  provided  thai 
said  porches  do  not  exceed  seven  feet  m 
depth,  measured  at  right  angles  to  the 
windows  and  that  at  least  seventy-flvf- 
per-  cent  of  the  entire  side  of  the  poi'ch, 
bounded  by  the  street,  yard,  or  outeV 
court,  is  left  open  except  that  the  open 
space  ma.%-  be  enclosed  with  mosquito 
screens. 

Kitchens,  sculleries,  pantries  or  other- 
rooms  used  for  cooking,  storing  or  pre- 
paring of  food,  public  dining  rooms,  laun- 
dries, barber  shops.  Turkish  bath,  gei>- 
eral  amusement  or-  reception  rooms  and 
gener-al  utilit\-  rooms,  in  lieu  of  win- 
dows, may  be  ventilated  by  an  exhaust 
system  of  ventilation  installed,  construct- 
ed and  maintained  as  prescribed  by  sec- 
tion  sixty-one   hereof. 

Windows.     Area  for  certain  rooms.     Least 
area.      Measurement. 

Sec.  28.  In  e\ei.\-  hotel  hereafter  erect- 
ed, the  total  window  area  in  each  guest 
room,  kitchen,  scullery,  pantr-y  or  other 
room  in  which  food  is  stor'ed  or  pr-epared, 
laundry,  barber  shop.  Tur-kish  bath,  OJ 
general  utility  room,  shall  be  at  least 
one-eighth  of  the  superficial  floor  area  of 
the   room. 

The  aggi-egate  window  area  in  each 
room  shall  be  not  less  than  twelve  square 
feet  and  no  single  window  shall  be  less 
than  six  squar-e  feet   in  ai-ea. 

-Ml  measurements  for-  window  area 
shall  be  taken  to  the  outside  of  the  sash. 

The  window  area  r-equired  for  doi-mi- 
tories,  entertainment,  amusement,  recep- 
tion or-  dining  r-ooms  shall  be  a.s  hei-ein- 
after  provided. 

Window  area  of  water-closet,  bath,  toilet, 
slop-sink,    OP    shower    room. 

Sec.  29.  In  ever-\-  hotel  hereafter  erect- 
ed each  wirrdow  in  a  water-closet  com- 
par-tment,  bath,  toilet  or-  slop-sink  room, 
or  show'er  room,  shall  be  not  less  tharr 
three  sciuare  feet  in  area.  The  aggregate 
.•ir-ea  of  windows  for  each  such  compart- 
ment  or-   room   shall   be   not   less   than    six 


50 


square  feet.  In  each  such  compartment 
or  room  containing  more  than  one  water- 
closet,  bath,  uiinal  or  slop-sink,  the  ag- 
gregate window  area  shall  be  equivalent 
to  three  square  feet  foi'  each  water-closet, 
bath,  urinal  or  slop-sink  therein;  except 
that  at  no  time  need  the  aggregate  win- 
dow area  exceed  one-fourth  of  the  super- 
ficial floor  area  of  such  compartment  or 
room. 

Windows.  Reception,  amusement  or  din- 
ing  room.      Height  of  ceiling. 

Sec.  30.  In  every  hotel  hereafter  erect- 
ed the  total  window  area  in  each  room 
used  for  the  purpose  of  entertainment, 
amusement,  reception  or  dining  room, 
which  room  has  a  superficial  floor  area 
not  exceeding  one  hundred  eighty  square 
feet,  shall  be  at  least  one-eighth  of  the 
superficial    floor   area    of   such    room. 

Every  such  room  which  has  a  super- 
ficial floor  area  exceeding  one  hundred 
eighty  square  feet  shall  have  an  aggre- 
gate window  area  not  less  than  that  re- 
quired for  a  room  of  one  hundred  eighty 
square    feet    of   superficial    floor   area. 

Every  such  entertainment,  amusement, 
reception  or  dining  room  shall  have  a 
minimum  height  between  the  finished 
floor  and  the  finished  ceiling  of  not  lesa 
than  nine  feet.  No  such  room  or  part 
thereof  shall  be  used  for  sleeping  pur- 
poses, except  that  said  room  or  part 
thereof  complied  with  all  of  the  other 
provisions  of  this  act  for  guest  rooms. 

Windows,  doors,  skylight  in  public  hall- 
way.    Area.     Construction. 

Sec.  31.  In  every  hotel  hereafter  erect- 
ed every  public  hallway,  on  any  floor 
where  there  are  more  than  five  guest 
rooms,  shall  have  at  least  one  window, 
opening  directly  upon  a  street,  or  upon 
a  yard  or  a  court,  of  the  dimensions 
specified  in  this  act  and  located  on  the 
same  spot;  such  windows  shall  be  at  the 
end  of  the  public  hallway  and  placed  so 
as  to  secure  the  maximum  light  into  the 
hallway;  provided,  however,  that  in  ho- 
tels not  exceeding  two  stories  in  height 
the  public  hallway  may.  In  lieu  of  such 
windows,  be  lighted  and  ventilated  by  one 
or  more  skylights  constructed  in  ac- 
cordance with  the  provisions  of  this   act. 

Every  window  required  by  this  act  in 
a  public  hallway  shall  be  not  less  than 
twenty-nine  inches  in  clear  width,  nor  less 
than  fifty-eight  inches  in  height,  and  the 
finished  sill  of  same  shall  not  be  more 
than  thirty  inches  above  the  adjoining 
finished   floor. 

Every  window  shall  be  made  so  as  to 
open,  and  so  arranged  that  at  least  one- 
half  of  the  window  may  be  opened  un- 
obstructed. 

Every  skylight  provided  for  in  this  sec- 
tion shall  have  an  effective  horizontal 
area  of  glass  of  not  less  than  fifteen 
square  feet,  and  shall  have  ridge  ventila- 
tors or  fixed  or  movable  louvres  so  as  to 
provide  a  ventilating  area  of  not  less 
than  five  hundred  square  Inches.  Such 
skylights  shall  be  so  located  that  no  por- 
tion of  the  hallway  be  distant  more  than 
twenty  feet,  measured  from  a  vertical 
line,   from  a  skylight  opening. 

Any  part  of  a  public  hallway  which  is 
offset,  recessed,  or  cut  off  from  any  other 
part  of  the  hallway  where  such  offset  or 
recess  Is  more  in  length  than  one  and 
one-half  times  the  width  of  the  public 
hallway  from  which  it  offsets  or  recesses, 


shall  be  deemed  a  separate  public  hallway 
within   the   meaning  of  this   section. 

French  windows  or  doors,  if  arranged  to 
open  and  glazed  to  give  the  areas  of 
opening  and  glass  required  by  this  act 
for  windows  In  public  hallways,  may  be 
used  in  lieu  of  windows  therein. 
Ventilating    skylight  over   stairwell. 

Sec.  32.  In  every  hotel  two  or  more 
stories  in  height  hereafter  erected,  where 
there  are  more  than  five  guest  rooms  on 
any  one  floor,  there  shall  be  provided  at 
the  roof  over  each  stairway  a  ventilating 
skylight,  placed  directly  as  practicable 
over  same,  having  a  minimum  effective 
horizontal  area  of  glass  at  least  twenty 
square  feet  in  area  for  buildings  two 
stories  in  height,  and  the  area  of  glass 
in  such  skylight  shall  be  increased  at  the 
ration  of  six  square  feet  for  each  addi- 
tional story  in  height.  In  every  such  sky- 
light the  ventilating  area  shall  be  not  less 
than  five  hundred  square   inches. 

Every  such  skylight,  ventilating  open- 
ings, shutters  and  closing  and  opening 
devices  for  the  ventilating  openings,  shall 
be  made  of  approved  incombustible  ma- 
terials, and  so  arranged  that  the  entire 
ventilating  area  may  be  readily  opened 
from  at  least  the  topmost  and  first  story 
levels;  except  that  in  hotels  not  exceed- 
ing four  stories  in  height  the  ventilators 
may  be  arranged  so  as  to  open  from 
at  least  the  first  story,  or  may  be  fixed 
permanently  in  an  open  position. 

Skylights  as  in  this  section  prescribed 
may  be  omitted  in  case  that  windows  are 
provided  of  the  size  fixed  by  section 
thirty-one  hereof,  and  located  adjoining 
the  stairways,  and  that  each  window  ad- 
joining the  stairway  be  provided  with  an 
open  louvre  or  ventilator  providing  a 
ventilating  area  of  not  less  than  one  hun- 
dred square  inches  or  such  louvre  or 
ventliator  may  be  placed  in  the  roof  over 
the  stairway  in  which  event  the  venti- 
lating area  shall  be  not  less  than  five 
hundred    square   inches. 

Whenever  a  skylight  is  required,  as  in 
this  section  provided,  there  shall  be  con- 
structed a  stair  well,  the  clear  open  area 
of  which  shall  be  at  each  floor  equal  to 
one- third  of  the  area  of  the  glass  in  the 
skylight. 
Water-closet  on   public  hallway.    One  for 

.each    sex.      One    for    ten    guest    rooms. 
Employees.  Construction.  Floor 

waterproofed. 

Sec.  33.  In  every  hotel  hereafter  erected 
there  shall  be  Installed  not  less  than  one 
water-closet  in  a  separate  compartment, 
located  on  the  public  hallway,  for  each 
sex  on  such  floor.  One  of  such  water- 
closets  shall  be  distinctly  marked  "for 
men,"  one  one  of  the  water-closets  dis- 
tinctly marked  "for  women";  and  there 
shall  be  installed  not  less  than  one  water- 
closet  in  a  separate  compartment,  located 
on  the  public  hallway,  for  every  ten  guest 
rooms,  or  fractional  part  thereof,  on  such 
floor,  which  are  not  provided  with  private 
water-closets.  Each  of  the  said  water- 
closets  shall  be  accessible  from  each  of  the 
guest  rooms  through  the  public  hallway, 
and  not  more  than  one  hundred  feet  dis- 
tant from  the  entrance  door  of  each  of  the 
guest  rooms  the  said  water-closet  pro- 
poses to  serve. 

In  every  hotel  hereafter  erected  there 
shall  be  Installed  not  less  than  one  water- 
closet  for  every  twenty  employees  of  each 
sex  in  said  building. 

No  door  or  other  opening  in  a  water- 
closet    or    urinal    compartment    shall   open 


151 


from   or    into  any   room    in   which   food   is 
prepared  or  stored. 

The  walls  enclosing:  a  water-closet  com- 
partment shall  be  well  plastered,  or  con- 
structed of  some  nonabsorbent  material, 
except  that  the  ordinary  wood  trim  for 
openings  may  be  used  in  such  a  compart- 
ment. Every  water-closet  compartment 
shall  be  provided  and  equipped  with  a  full 
door,  properly  hung,  and  provided  with  a 
lock  or  bolt   to  lock  same. 

The  floor  of  every  water-closet  compart- 
ment hereafter  constructed  shall  be  maoe 
waterproof  with  asphalt,  tile,  marble,  ter- 
razzo,  cement  or  some  other  similar  non- 
absorbent  material,  and  such  waterproof- 
ing shall  extend  not  less  than  six  inches 
on  the  vertical  walls  of  the  compartment. 
Water-closets  in  prior  erected  hotels. 
Number  required. 

Sec.  34.  In  every  hotel  erected  prior 
to  the  passage  of  this  act  there  shall  be 
installed  not  less  than  one  water-closet 
in  a  separate  compartment,  located  on 
the  public  hallway  for  each  sex;  one  of 
such  water-closets  shall  be  distinctly 
marked  "for  men,"  and  one  of  the  water- 
closets  shall  be  distinctly  marked  "for 
women";  and  there  shall  be  installed  not 
less  than  one  water-closet  in  a  separate 
compartment,  located  on  the  public  hall- 
way, for  every  twelve  guest  rooms,  or 
fractional  part  thereof,  on  such  floor, 
which  are  not  provided  with  water- 
closets;  provided,  hov^ever,  that  the  hous- 
ing department  charged  with  the  enforce- 
ment of  this  act  may  exempt  any  hotel 
existing  at  the  time  of  the  passage  of 
this  act  from  fully  complying  with  the 
provisions  of  this  paragraph  when,  in  its 
discretion,  such  deviation  will  not  be  detri- 
mental to  the  health  of  the  occupants 
thereof,  or  to  the  sanitation  of  the  said 
hotel  or  premises;  provided,  further,  that 
no  such  exemption  shall  apply  to  any  ad- 
dition or  extension  to  a  hotel. 

Every  water-closet  hereafter  placed  in 
a  hotel  erected  prior  to  the  passage  of  this 
act  shall  comply  with  every  provision  of 
this  act  relative  to  water-closets  installed 
in  hotels  hereafter  erected,  except  that  if 
a  water-closet  is  installed  in  the  top  story 
of  any  such  building,  the  compartment  in 
which  it  is  installed  may  be  ventilated  by 
a  skylight  with  fixed  louvres  in  lieu  of  a 
window;  provided,  however,  that  a  new 
water-closet  may  be  installed  to  replace  a 
defective  or  antiquated  fixture  in  the 
same  location.  No  door  or  other  opening 
in  a  water-closet,  privy,  or  urinal  com- 
partment shall  open  from  or  into  a  room 
in  which  food  is  prepared  or  stored. 

Every  hotel  erected  prior  to  the  passage 
of  this  act  or  hereafter  erected,  where 
a  connection  with  the  sewer  is  possible, 
shall  discontinue  the  use  of  any  school 
sink,  privy  vault  or  any  similar  receptacle 
used  to  receive  fecal  matter,  urine  or 
sewage,  and  every  such  receptacle  shall 
be  completely  removed  and  the  place 
where  it  was  located  be  properly  disin- 
fected. All  such  receptacles  shall  be  re- 
placed by  individual  water-closets  of 
durable  nonabsorbent  material,  properly 
connected,  trapped,  vented  and  provided 
with  flush  tanks,  the  same  as  is  required, 
by  the  provisions  of  this  act,  in  hotels 
hereafter   erected. 

Bath     and     shower    rooms.       Slope     sinks. 
Number.     Construction. 

Sec.  35.  In  every  hotel  hereafter 
erected  there  shall  be  installed  not  less 
than  one  bath  tub  or  shower,  in  a  separate 
compartment,   located   on   the  public   hall- 


\\a\',  foi'  ever,\  len  ^uest  rooms,  or  frac- 
tional part  thereof,  not  provided  with  pri- 
vate baths;  provided,  that  the  said  V)ath 
till)  or  shower  is  on  the  same  floor  and  is 
atcessible  from  each  guest  room  through 
the  public  hallway.  There  shall  also  be 
installed  not  less  than  one  slop  sink  on 
eacli  floor. 

The  walls  and  floors  to  every  bath 
shower  or  slop-sink  room  hereafter  con- 
structed shall  be  waterproofed  and  shall 
be  provided  with  doors  in  the  same  man- 
ner as  required  for  the  construction  of 
water-closet  compartments  in  hotels 
hereafter  erected. 

Bath     and     shower     rooms.       Slop     sinks. 
Prior  erected   hotel. 

Sec.  36.  In  every  hotel  erected  prior  to 
the  passage  of  this  act  there  shall  he  in- 
stalled not  less  than  one  bath  tub  or 
shower,  in  a  separate  compartment,  lo- 
cated in  the  public  hallway,  for  every 
twenty  guest  rooms,  or  fractional  part 
thereof,  which  are  not  provided  with 
private  baths;  provided  that  the  said  bath 
tub  or  shower  is  located  on  the  same  floor 
and  is  accessiljle  from  each  guest  room 
through  the  public  hallway. 

There  shall  also  be  installed  not  less 
than  one  slop-sink  on  each  floor;  pro- 
vided, however,  that  the  housing  depart- 
ment charged  with  the  enforcement  of 
this  act  may  e.xempt  any  hotel  existing 
at  the  time  of  the  passage  of  this  act 
from  fully  complying  with  the  provisions 
of  this  section  when,  in  its  discretion, 
such  deviation  Will  not  be  detrimental  to 
the  health  of  the  occupants  thereof,  or  to 
the  sanitation  of  the  said  hotel  or  prem- 
ises; provided,  further,  that  no  such  ex- 
emption shall  apply  to  any  addition  or  ex- 
tension to  a  hotel. 
Plumbing  fixtures.    Type  of  faucets. 

Sec.  37.  In  every  hotel  hereafter  erected 
every  plumbing  fixture  shall  be  provided 
with  running  water,  and  there  shall  be 
provided  faucets,  with  running  water,  suf- 
ficient in  number  so  that  all  of  the  yards, 
courts  and  passageways  may  be  washed. 
Faucets  shall  be  of  the  hose  bibb  type, 
not  less  than  three-quarter  inch  size. 

Every  plumbing  fixture  affecting  the 
sanitary  drainage  system  in  any  hotel 
hereafter  erected,  shall  be  properly  con- 
nected with  the  street  sewer,  if  a  street 
sewer  exists  in  the  street  abutting  the 
lot  on  which  the  Ijuilding  is  located  and  is 
ready  to  receive  connections.  When  it  is 
impracticable  to  connect  such  plumbing 
fixtures  with  a  street  sewer,  then  the 
plumbing  fixtures  shall  be  connected  and 
drained  into  a  cesspool  constructed  satis- 
factorily to  the  department  charged  with 
the  enforcement  of  this  act;  or  some  other 
means  of  sewage  disposal  satisfactory  to 
the  department  charged  with  the  enforce- 
ment of  this  act  may  be  made  until  such 
time  as  it  may  Ijecome  practicable  and 
possiljle  to  connect  the  street  sewer. 
Plumbing   fixtures    prior   erected    hotel. 

Sec.  38.  In  every  hotel  erected  prior  to 
the  passage  of  this  act,  every  plumbing 
fixture  shall  be  provided  with  ,  running 
water,  sufficient  in  number  so  that  all  o^ 
the  yards,  courts  and  passageways  may 
be  washed.  Faucets  shall  be  of  the  hose 
type,  not  less  than  three-quarter  inch 
size. 

Water-closet,      etc.,      where      no      running 
water.      Privy  vault. 

Sec.  39.  Water-ilosets,  baths,  showers, 
sinks,  slojj-sinks,  faucets  and  other  plumb- 
ing fixtures  ret|uired  by  this  act  need  not 
be    installed    in    the    event    that    the    hotel 


52 


hereafter  erected  or  an  existing  hotel,  as 
the  case  may  be,  is  situated  where  there 
is  no  running  water  and  where  there  is 
no  practical  means  of  sewage  disposal, 
until  such  time  as  it  becomes  practicable 
and  possible  to  obtain  running  water  and 
means  of  sewage  disposal;  provided,  in 
every  such  case  the  department  charged 
with  the  enforcement  of  this  act  shall 
decide  whether  or  not  it  is  practicable 
and  possible  to  provide  running  water  and 
proper  means  of  sewage  d.sposal.  A 
special  permit  in  writing  shall  be  ob- 
tained in  every  such  case  from  the  depart- 
ment charged  with  the  enforcement  of 
this  act,  which  permit  shall  be  made  in 
duplicate,  and  a  copy  thereof  shall  re- 
main on  file  in  the  department  issuing  it; 
provided,  further,  that  proper,  separate 
toilet  facilities  for  each  sex  shall  be  pro- 
vided for  the  use  of  the  occupants  of 
such  building.  Sucli  facilities  shall  be 
made  sanitary.  A  i^rivy,  or  toilet  other 
than  a  water-closet,  erected  under  the 
authority  of  this  section  shall  consist  of  a 
pit  at  least  three  feet  deep,  with  suitable 
shelter  over  the  same  to  afford  privacy, 
and  protection  from  the  elements.  The 
openings  of  the  shelter  and  pit  shall  be 
enclosed  by  mostiuito  screening,  and  the 
door  to  the  shelter  shall  be  made  to  close 
automatically  by  means  of  a  spring  or 
other  device.  No  privy  pit  shall  be  al- 
lowed to  become  filled  with  excreta  to 
nearer  than  one  foot  from  the  surface  of 
the  ground,  and  the  excreta  in  the  pit 
shall  be  covered  with  earth,  ashes,  lime 
or  similar  substances  at  regular  intervals. 

All    drainage    water    shall    be    conveyed 

from  the  premises  by  means  of  a  covered 

drain  to  a  covered  cesspool. 

Plumbing,  trapped  and  vented.    Woodwork 

removed.       Wooden     wash     trays     and 

sinl<s    forbidden.      Water-closets 

Sec.  40.  In  ever.v  hotel  erected  prior  to 
the  passage  of  this  act  all  plumbing  fix- 
tures affecting  the  sanitary  drainage  sys- 
tem shall  be  properly  trapped  and  vented 
and  made  sanitary  in  every  particular.  In 
any  hotel  hereafter  erected,  and  in  any 
hotel  erected  prior  to  the  passage  of  this 
act  no  plumbing  fixtures  shall  be  enclosed 
with  woodwork,  but  the  space  under  and 
around  same  must  be  left  entirely  open. 
All  woodwork  enclosing  a  water-closet, 
sink,  slop-sink,  wash  tray  or  lavatory 
shall  be  removed  and  the  lloor  and  wail 
surfaces  beneath  and  around  such  water- 
closet,  sink,  slop-sink,  wash  tray  or  lava- 
tory shall  be  maintained  in  good  repair, 
and  if  of  wood,  well  painted  with  a  light 
colored  pa-nt  of  sii*^cient  bodv  to  make  it 
nanabsorbent.  All  w^ooden  seats,  attached 
to  water-closet  bowls,  shall  be  vainished 
ro  enameled  or  by  some  other  method 
made  nonabsorbent. 

In  eveiw  uotel  nereafter  erected  water- 
closets  shall  have  earthen  bowls  and  shall 
have  earthenware  seats  integral  with  the 
bowls,  or  wooden  seats,  varnished  or 
enameled  so  as  to  be  nonabsorbent,  or 
seats  made  of  some  nonabsorbent  material 
attached  to  the  bowls.  No  wooden  wash 
trays  or  wooden  kitchen  sinks  shall  be 
permitted  in  such  buildings.  All  plumb- 
ing connections  hereafter  made  in  build- 
ings shall  be  of  standard  lead,  iron,  steel 
or  brass;  and  every  gas  and  water  service 
connection  hereafter  made  shall  be  of 
steel  or  iron,  and  shall  be  equipped  with 
cut-off  valves  placed  outside  of  the  build- 
ing, and  such  cut-off  valves  shall  be 
readily  accessible. 

Whenever  any  plumbing  fixture  becomes 


insanitar.N-  the  department  charged  with 
the  enforcement  of  this  act  is  hereb.y  em- 
powered to  order  the  same  removed  and 
to  order  that  it  be  replaced  by  a  fixture 
conforming  to  the  provisions  of  this  act. 
Egress  from  guest  room.  Stairway  or  fire 
escape. 

Sec.  41.  Every  hotel  hereafter  erected, 
three  or  more  stories  in  he'ght  and  in 
which  there  are  more  than  five  guest 
rooms  on  any  one  floor,  shall  be  so  de- 
signed and  constructed  that  every  guesl 
room  in  such  building  shall  have  not  less 
than  two  means  of  egress,  either  by  stair- 
ways or  fire  escapes,  constructed  in  ac- 
cordance with  the  provisions  of  this  act. 
Such  means  of  egress  shall  be  accessible 
from  every  guest  room,  either  directly  or 
through  a  public  hallway,  and  so  located 
that  should  one  egress  be  or  become 
bloclced,  the  other  egress  shall  l)e  avail - 
al)le. 

Stairways.       Number.       Outside     to     base- 
ment or  cellar. 

Sec.  42.  Every  hotel  two  or  more 
stories  in  height,  hereafter  erected  shall 
have  not  less  than  two  stairways. 

Every  fireproof  hotel  two  or  more  stories 
in  height  hereafter  erected  shall  have  not 
less  than  one  stairway,  not  less  than  three 
feet  six  inches  wide,  for  each  six  thousand 
square  feet,  or  fractional  part  thereof,  of 
floor  area  in  any  one  floor  above  the  first 
floor  thereof. 

E'very  semiflreproof  hotel  two  or  more 
stories  in  height  hereafter  erected  shall 
have  not  less  than  one  stairway,  not  less 
than  three  feet  six  inches  wide,  for  each 
four  thousand  square  feet,  or  fractional 
part  thereof,  of  floor  area  in  any  one  floor 
above  the  first  floor  thereof. 

Every  wooden  hotel  two  or  more  stories 
in  height  hereafter  erected  shall  have  not 
less  than  one  stairway,  not  less  than 
thi-ee  feet  six  inches  wide,  for  each  three 
thousand  square  feet,  or  fractional  part 
thereof,  of  floor  area  in  any  one  floor 
above    the   first   floor    thereof. 

Every  hotel  hereafter  erected  shall  have 
not   less   than   one  stairway   leading   from 
the    outside    to    every   basement   or   cellar 
thereof. 
Stairways.     Number,   how   computed. 

Sec.  43.  The  largest  floor  area  above 
the  ground  floor  shall  be  used  as  the 
basis  for  computing  the  number  of  stair- 
ways recjuired  in  a  hotel  hereafter  erected; 
provided,  that  if  all  floors  a  Hove  the 
largest  floor  area  of  the  building  are 
diminished  in  area,  the  stairway  or  stair- 
wavs  from  that  portion  of  the  building 
containing  a  smaller  area  may  be  com- 
puted on  the  basis  of  the  largest  floor 
area  in  that  portion  of  the  building. 
Stairways.  Where  placed.  Access.  Boiler 
room. 

Sec.  44.  All  stairways  hereafter  con- 
structed shall  be  located  so  as  to  furnish 
the  best  means  of  egress  from  the  build- 
ing, shall  be  as  far  removed  from  each 
other  as  is  practicable,  and  shall  be  as 
follows: 

Access  to  stairways  shall  be  provided 
at  every  floor  by  means  of  a  public  hall- 
way, corridor,  or  passageway,  and  the 
public  hallway,  corridor,  passageway  and 
stairway  from  the  ground  exit  level  to  the 
top  story  or  roof  shall  be  accessible  at  all 
times. 

No  stairway  shall  abut  on  more  than 
one  side  of  an  elevator  shaft,  except  on 
the  entrance  and  topmost  stories;  pro- 
vided, that  the  stairwav  is  so  located  that 
it  can  be  approached  from  the  street  en- 


53 


trance   without   passing   by  or   in    front   of 
the  open  side  of  the  said  elevator  shaft. 

No  stairway  shall  be  located  over  a 
steam  boiler,  gas  meter  or  gas  heater  or 
furnace,  unless  such  boiler,  gas  meter, 
gas  heater  or  furnace  be  located  in  a  room, 
the  walls  and  ceiling  of  which  are  con- 
structed as  required  for  a  boiler  room 
l)y  section  fifty-nine  of  this  act.  No  stair- 
way leading  from  any  other  portion  of  the 
building  shall  terminate  in  or  pass  through 
a    boiler    room. 

Stairways.       Rise    and     run.       Head    room. 
Depth  of  landing.    Width  of  tread.    Ground 
to    top    story.      Handrails.      Construc- 
tion. 

Sec.  45.  Every  stairway  hereafter 
constructed  shall  be  as  follows:  Have  a 
rise  of  not  more  than  eight  inches,  and  a 
run  of  not  less  than  nine  inches,  without 
change  in  the  run  or  rise  between  floors; 
and  shall  he  provided  with  head  room  of 
not  less  than  six  feet  six  inches,  meas- 
ured from  the  nearest  nosing  of  the 
stairway  to  the  nearest  soffit. 

The  depth  of  every  landing  in  a  stair- 
way shall  be  not  less  than  the  width  of 
the  stairway,  and  all  treads  shall  be  of 
equal  width  for  every  run  of  stairs,  and 
shall  not  vary  in  width  in  the  width  of 
the   stairs. 

Every  stairway  required  by  this  act 
shall  be  continuous  from  the  ground  level 
to  the  top  story,  i.  e.,  the  flights  of  such 
stairway  shall  be  constructed  one  directlv 
above  the  other,  or  shall  be  constructed 
so  that  each  flight  shall  l^e  in  plain  view 
of  each  succeeding  flight;  provided,  how- 
ever, that  half  of  the  stairways  from  the 
upper  floors  may  terminate  at  the  second 
floor,  in  the  event  that  the  stairways 
from  the  first  to  the  second  floor  be 
increased  in  width  not  less  tha*n  fifty 
per   cent. 

Every  stairway  shall  have  at  least  one 
handrail  and  if  the  stairway  be  five  feet 
or  more  in  width,  shall  have  a  handrail 
on  each  side  thereof. 

The  under  side  and  soffits  of  wooden 
stairways  and  the  outside  stringers  of 
open  stairways,  except  outside  stairways 
in  semiproof  and  wooden  hotels  shall  be 
luetal  lathed  and  plastered  not  less  than 
three-quarters  inch  thick  including  the 
lath,  or  lathed  with  approved  plaster 
board  and  plastered  not  less  than  three- 
(luarters  inch  thick  including  the  plaster 
board. 

The  width  of  stairways  shall  be  meas- 
ured in  the  clear  of  all  projections  except 
the  baseboards,  and  except  that  hand- 
rails and  newel  posts  may  project  not 
more  than  four  inches, 

Closet  L'nder  wooden  stair.  When  for- 
bidden. 

Sec.  46.  No  closet  of  any  kind  shall  be 
constructed  in  any  hotel  under  any  wooden 
stairway,  but  such  space  shall  be  kept 
entirely  open,  and  be  kept  clean  and  free 
from  all  encumbrance;  or  such  space  shall 
be  effectually  closed  with  walls  of  studs, 
lathed  and  plastered,  with  no  door  or 
opening  of  any  kind  therein;  provided, 
however,  that  the  provisions  of  this  .sec- 
tion as  to  a,  closet  undei;  a  stairway  shall 
not  apply  to  any  hotel  not  more  than  two 
stories  in  he'ght,  in  which  there  are  not 
more  than  five  guest  rooms  above  the 
first    floor    thereof. 

Stairway  ground  to  roof.  Penthouse. 
Scuttle.  Construction.  Also  prior 
erected   building. 

Sec.  47.  In  every  hotel  hereafter 
erected   more   than   two   stories   in  height, 


the  stairway  nearest  to  the  main  entrance 
of  the  building  shall  be  carried  to  the 
roof  level  and  shall  give  egress  to  the 
roof  tniouglT  a  penthouse  or  I'oof  struc- 
ture. In  every  such  building  not  exceed- 
ing two  stories  in  height  there  shall  be 
constructed  a  scuttle,  in  the  public  hall- 
way, near  the  stair\va.\-.  Such  scuttle 
shall  not  be  less  than  two  feel  by  three 
feet  in  area,  and  shall  be  cut  through  the 
ceiling  and   roof. 

Penthouses  over  stairways  shall  be 
built  either  of  fireproof  materials  or  of 
wood  studs,  lathed  with  metal  lath  or  ap- 
proved plaster  board  and  plastered  not 
less  than  three-quarters  inch  thick  in- 
cluding the  lath  or  plaster  board  on  the 
inside  and  outside  thereof;  or  such  pent- 
houses may  be  covered  in  the  same  man- 
ner and  with  the  .same  kind  of  materials 
as  required  by  this  act  for  the  doors  from 
such   penthouses. 

The  door  to  the  roof  from  a  penthouse 
or  roof  structure  shall  be  self-closing  and 
shall  open  outward  to  the  roof  and  shall 
be  covered  on  both  sides  and  edges  with 
tin   or  other  metal. 

The  frames  and  trim  of  such  door  open- 
ing shall  bet  similaily  consti'uctedr  and  all 
glass  in  such  door  shall  be  wired  glass 
not  less  than  one-fourth  inch  thick. 

Every  hotel  of  more  than  two  stories  in 
height,  erected  prior  to  the  passage  of 
this  act,  shall  have  in  the  roof  a  pent- 
house or  a  scuttle,  which  scuttle  shall 
be  not  less  than  two  feet  by  three  feet 
in  area,  located  in  the  ceiling  of  a  public 
hallway.  There  shall  be  provided  a  stair- 
way or  a  stationary  ladder,  leading  from 
the  top  floor  of  such  hotel  to  the 
roof  thereof.  Such  stairway  or  stationary 
ladder  shall  be  made  readilv  accessible  to 
all  the  tenants  of  the  building.  No  scut- 
tle or  penthouse  door  shall  at  any  time 
be  locked  with  a  key,  but  may  be  fastened 
on  the  inside  by  a  movable  bolt  or  lock. 
Public  hallways,  landings,  corridors. 
Width. 

Sec.  48.  I'ublic  hallways,  landings,  and 
corridors  from  stairways  shall  be  of  the 
same  width  and  measured  in  the  same 
manner  as  the  stairways,  as  provided  in 
section  forty-six  hereof. 
Fire  escapes.  At  least  one.  Number. 
Types.  Construction.  Opening  through 
cornice.     Metal   painted   or  galvanized. 

Sec.  49.  On  ever\-  hotel  hereafter  trected 
more  than  two  stories  in  height,  there 
shall  be  provided  at  least  one  fire  escape. 
If  such  hotel  exceeds  three  thousand 
square  feet  of  floor  area  on  any  one 
floor  al)0ve  the  second  floor  thereof,  such 
building  shall  be  provided  with  one  ad- 
ditional fire  escape  for  each  four  thou- 
sand square  feet  of  floor  area  or  frac- 
tional  part   thereof. 

Fire  escapes  required  by  (his  act  shall 
be  one   of   the   following   type.';: 

Type  1.  Metallic  throughout  and  fas- 
tened securely  to  the  exterior  walls  of  the 
l)uilding,  with  a  balcony  at  each  story 
above  the  first  stor.v  thereof,  with  in- 
clined stairways  connecting  all  balconies 
and  a  goose-neck  ladder  connecting  the 
topmost  balcony  to  the  roof.  The  lowest 
balcony  of  such  flre  escai^e  to  be  not 
more  than  fourteen  feet  above  the  street 
or  ground  level  directly  under  same. 

All  metallic  balconies  shall  be  not  less 
than  forty-four  inches  in  width  nor  less 
than  thirty-three  sfiuare  feet  in  area.  The 
stairway  openings  therein  shall  be  not 
less  than  twenty-one  inches  wide  and 
forty  inches  in  length.    The  balcony  l)alus- 


54 


trade  shall  be  not  less  than  thirty-four 
inches  high,  with  no  opening  in  such  bal- 
ustrade greater  than  eight  inches  in  hori- 
zontal  dirtiension. 

There  shall  be  no  opening  greater  than 
one  inch  in  width  in  a  fire  escape  balcony 
platform,    except    the    stair    well    opening. 

There  shall  be  no  opening  greater  than 
one  inch  in  width  in  the  lowest  fire  escape 
balcony  platform,  except  that  there  be 
attached  a  counterbalanced  or  permanent 
ladder  reaching  to  the  street  or  ground 
below. 

Every  balcony  platform  shall  be  fas- 
tened to  the  outside  walls  of  the  building 
by  building  in  and  anchoring  to  sucli 
walls  the  balcony  platform  and  the  balus- 
trade framing,  or  by  securely  bolting  same 
thereto.  Every  balcony  shall  be  sup- 
ported by  brackets,  braces,  or  struts  fas- 
tened to  or  built  in  and  anchored  to  the 
walls. 

The  inclined  stairways  shall  be  not  less 
than  eighteen  inches  in  width  and  placed 
in  no  part  nearer  than  twenty-one  inches 
from  the  face  of  the  wall.  Such  inclined 
stairways  shall  have  an  inclination  of  not 
less  than  four  inches  and  not  more  than 
six  horizontally  to  each  twelve  inches  of 
vertical  height.  The  treads  shall  be  not 
less  than  four  inches  wide,  placed  not 
more  than  twelve  inches  apart.  Each  side 
of  such  stairways  shall  be  provided  with 
a  handrail  not  less  than  one  inch  in 
diameter  fastened  to  the  stair  stringers 
and  continued  around  the  well  hole  open- 
ings of  balcony  platform. 

The  goose-neclc  ladder  shall  be  not  less 
than  fifteen  inches  wide  and  extend  ver- 
tically from  the  topmost  balcony  to  three 
feet  above  the  fire  wall  or  roof  above, 
and  then  be  brought  down  and  fastened 
to  the  inside  face  of  tlie  fire  wall  or  to 
the  roof.  The  rungs  of  the  goose-neck 
ladder  shall  be  not  less  than  five-eighths 
inch  round  iron  or  steel,  placed  not  more 
than  fourteen  inches  apart.  The  goose- 
neck ladder  shall  be  securely  braced  and 
fastened  to  the  outside  wall,  and  in  no 
case  shall  such  ladder  pass  in  front  of 
any  opening  in  the  wall  to  the  interior 
of  the  building.  The  cornice  opening  for 
the  passage  of  such  ladder  shall  be  not 
less  than  twenty-four  inches  in  width  and 
tw"enty-four  inches  in  the  clear  outside 
of  the  ladder. 

Such  fire  escape  shall  be  framed  and 
riveted  or  bolted  together  in  a  solid,  sub- 
stantial manner  and  properly  supported, 
braced  and  fastened  to  the  outside  walls 
so  as  to  be  rigid,  durable  and  secure  and 
carry   the  loads   imposed. 

All  metallic  fire  escapes  shall  be  painted 
with  not  less  than  two  coats  of  good, 
durable  paint;  or  such  flre  escapes  may 
be  galvanized. 

Type  2.  Metallic  ladders  and  stairways 
conforming  to  the  provisions  set  forth  for 
type  one  and  with  reinforced  concrete  or 
iron  or  steel  fireproofed  balconies,  with 
fastenings  of  similar  materials.  Such 
balconies  to  measure  the  full  size  inside 
of  balustrades.  Floor  openings  and  well 
holes  provided  and  protected  similarly  to 
the  requirements  for  metallic  balconies. 

Type  3.  Any  type  of  an  enclosed  ap- 
proved metallic  spiral  fire  escape  which 
consists  of  a  rigid  form  of  an  inclined 
chute  or  chutes  constructed  entirely  of 
incombustible  material;  securely  attached 
to  the  outside  walls  of  the  building;  pro- 
vided with  proper  means  of  egress  thereto 
from  the  building  and  egress  therefrom 
at    the    bottom;     having    means    enabling 


firemen  to  reach  the  roof  thereby  from 
the  ground;  equipped  with  standpipes; 
painted  the  same  as  provided  for  metal- 
lic fire  escapes;  and  satisfactory  to  the 
department  charged  with  the  enforce- 
ment of  this  act  as  being  as  solid,  sub- 
stantial and  durable  and  as  fireproof  in 
construction,  and  providing  at  least  as 
safe  and  efficient  means  of  escape  from 
the  building  for  the  occupants  thereof,  and 
furnishing  all  the  protection  and  utility 
of  the  metallic  fire  escape  described  as 
"type  one"  in  this  act. 

Type  4.  Fire  and  smoke  towers,  con- 
sisting of  a  fire  escape  stairway  not  less 
than  twenty  inches  in  width,  constructed 
of  reinforced  concrete,  iron  or  steel,  or  a 
combination  of  these  materials;  and  in 
all  other  details  as  required  in  this  act 
for  metallic  fire  escape  stairways:  said 
stairways  being  continuous  the  full  height 
of  the  building  from  the  flrsi  floor  exit 
level  to  the  roof,  and  with  handrails  on 
each  side  thereof  the  full  length  of  same. 
Such  stairways  to  be  constructed  at  a 
point  adjoining  the  exterior  walls  of  the 
building  and  be  entirely  enclosed  with 
walls  of  brick,  terra  cotta  tile,  concrete 
or  reinforced  concrete  not  less  than  twelve 
inches  thick;  such  walls  to  be  continuous 
from  the  basement  up  to  and  extending 
three  feet  above  the  roof  of  the  building, 
with  no  covering  of  any  kind  over  same, 
and  with  no  openings  in  the  walls  of 
such  tower  into  the  building.  The  en- 
closing walls  of  such  tower  not  to  be 
used  to  carry  or  support  any  floor  joist, 
beam,  girder  or  other  structural  feature 
of  the  building,  nor  to  be  chased  for  any 
pipe,  conduit  or  other  purpose;  to  have 
an  exit  from  the  enclosure  at  the  flrst 
floor  line  opening  directly  to  a  street  or 
yard,  apd  having  an  entrance  by  means 
of  an  outside  balcony  at  each  floor,  such 
balconies  to  have  a  solid  floor  and  in  all 
other  details  and  kind  of  materials  to  be 
as  in  this  act  required  for  metallic  fire 
escape  balconies.  The  balconies  to  be 
located  and  arranged  to  connect  with  a 
door  opening  from  a  public  hallway  in  the 
interior  of  the  building  and  with  a  door 
opening  leading  from  the  balcony  to  thb 
toM'er,  such  door  opening  from  the  build- 
ing to  the  balcony  and  from  the  balcony 
to  the  tower  to  be  not  less  than  thirty 
inches  wide  by  seventy-two  inches  high 
and  be  equipped  with  metal-lined  doors 
and  with  a  frame  and  threshold  of  such 
door  openings  constructed  of  fireproof 
materials. 

Type  5.  A  fire  and  smoke  tower  in  every 
way  similar  to  "type  four"  of  this  section, 
except  that  instead  of  the  outside  bal- 
cony there  be  built  a  vestibule  with  en- 
closing walls  continuous  with  and  of  the 
same  kind  of  materials  and  of  the  same 
thickness  as  the  enclosing  walls  of  the 
fire  tower;  that  the  vestibule  opening  be 
direct  from  a  public  hallway  and  be 
equipped  with  metal-lined  doors.  The 
vestibule  floor  to  be  of  masonry  construc- 
tion. The  enclosure  to  have  an  opening 
at  each  floor  through  the  exterior  wall 
of  the  building,  such  opening  to  extend 
from  the  floor  to  the  ceiling  and  be  not 
less  in  width  than  three-fourths  of  the 
width  of  the  tower,  said  opening  to  be 
protected  with  an  open  metallic  balus- 
trade similar  to  that  specified  for  metallic 
fire   escape   balconies. 

Fire   escapes.      When   type   4   or   5   In    lieu 
of  stairway. 

Sec.  50.  In  any  hotel  hereafter  erected 
in  which  there  is  constructed  a  fire  escape 


55 


of  "type  four"  or  "type  five,"  as  pre- 
scriVjed  in  this  act,  such  fire  escape  may 
be  used  and  construed  as  a  stairway  and 
a  fire  escape  combined:  provided,  that 
there  is  at  least  one  otlier  stairway  or 
one  other  fire  escape  constructed  in  ac- 
cordance with  the  provisions  of  this  act, 
in  the  said  building-. 

Fire     escape.       Where     located.       One     on 
street    front.      Signs. 

Sec.  51.  Every  fire  escape  required  by 
this  act  shall  be  located  on  the  building 
so  as  to  furnish  the  best  means  of  escape 
therefrom  for  the  occupants,  and  at  least 
one  such  fire  escape  shall  be  located  on  a 
street  front.  Every  such  fire  escape  shall 
have  egress  thereto  from  a  public  hall- 
way or  passageway  not  less  than  three 
feet  wide,  or  such  fire  escapes,  in  lieu  of 
being  located  on  a  public  hallway,  shall 
be  so  located  that  each  guest  room  has 
direct  e.gress  thereto  without  passing 
through  another  room.  If  a  public  par- 
lor, public  lobby,  or  similar  room  is  con- 
nected directly  with  the  public  hall,  cor- 
ridor or  passageway  through  a  clear  and 
unobstructed  opening,  without  doors,  then 
egress  may  be  had  thereby  to  a  fire 
escape.  Signs  both  pointing  towards  and 
marking  the  locations  of  fire  escapes  shall 
be  placed  on  each  floor. 
Fire   escapes.     Number,    how   computed. 

Sec.  52.  The  largest  floor  area  above 
the  second  floor  shall  be  used  as  a  basis 
for  computing  the  number  of  flre  escapes 
required  by  this  act;  provided,  that  if  all 
floors  above  the  largest  floor  area  are 
diminished  in  size,  the  number  of  flre 
escapes  from  that  portion  of  the  building 
containing  the  smaller  area  may  be  com- 
puted on  the  basis  of  the  largest  floor 
area  in  that  portion  of  the  building. 
Fire  escapes.  Construction.  Size  of  door 
or   window. 

Sec.  53.  All  parts  of  each  balcony  plat- 
form of  a  fire  escape  shall  be  designed  to 
carry,  in  addition  to  the  dead  load  thereof, 
a  live  load  of  one  hundred  pounds  per 
square  foot  over  the  entire  area  thereof, 
using  outside  dimensions,  and  the  live  and 
dead  loads  from  the  ladders  or  stairs  sup- 
ported thereon. 

Each  ladder  shall  be  designed  to  with- 
stand a  horizontal  pressure  of  one  hun- 
dred pounds  per  square  foot. 

Each  stairway  shall  be  designed  to 
carry,  in  addition  to  the  dead  load  there- 
of, a  live  load  of  one  hundred  fifty  pounds 
per  square  foot  of  horizontal  projection. 

Top  rails  of  balcony  balustrades  shall  l)e 
designed  to  withstand  a  horizontal  pres- 
sure of  one  hundred  pounds  per  lineal  foot 
of  railing. 

Each  balcony  shall  be  independently 
supported. 

All  fastenings  of  fire  escape  balconies 
to  the  building  shall  be  designed  to  carry 
twenty-five  per  cent  greater  load  than  the 
total  dead  and  live  loads  carried  by  the 
balconies.  The  balcony  anchorage  shall 
be  direct  to  the  structural  steel  or  iron 
members  of  the  balustrades  and  platforms 
extended  into  the  walls  and  anchored  into 
the  structural  work  of  the  Imilding. 

The  level  of  the  inside  sill  of  the  door 
or  window  giving  access  to  a  fire  escape 
balcony  or  the  balcony  floor  shall  be  not 
more  than  thirty  inches  al)Ove  the  ad- 
.ioining  floor  to  the  building.  Every  such 
door  or  window  opening  shall  be  not  less 
than  twenty-eight  inches  in  clear  width 
nor  less  than  fifty-eight  inches  in  height. 

Where    double-hung    windows    are    used 


in  such  openings,  the  lower  sash  shall  be 
at  least  the  size  of  the  upper  sash  and 
shall  slide  to  the  top  of  such  opening. 
Any  lock  used  on  any  such  window  shall 
be  of  a  t.\pe  which  can  be  readily  opened 
from  the  interior  of  the  building  without 
the  use  of  a  key  or  other  tool. 
Fire  escapes.  Repair.  Painted.  Unob- 
structed. 

Sec.  54.  Every  fire  escape  in  or  on  a 
hotel  hereafter  erected,  or  in  or  on  a 
hotel  erected  prior  to  the  passage  of  this 
act,  shall  at  all  times  be  maintained  in 
good  order  and  repair,  well  painted  and 
clear  and  imobstructed  at  all  times,  and 
be  readil>'  accessible. 

Standpipes.      When    and    where    required. 
Siamese   inlet. 

Sec.  55.  On  every  hotel  hereafter 
erected  four  or  more  stories  in  height, 
there  shall  be  provided  one  or  more  metal- 
lic standpipes.  Each  such  standpipe  shall 
be  not  less  than  four  inches  in  internal 
diameter,  and  shall  have  a  Siamese  inlet 
valve  near  the  sidewalk  or  ground  di- 
rectly under  same,  and  an  outlet  valve 
at  each  story  above  the  first  story  and  on 
the  roof. 

One  such  standpipe  shall  be  placed  on 
or  in  the  exterior  walls  of  the  building  at 
one  fire  escape  on  each  street  frontage, 
and  the  outlet  valves  shall  be  readily 
accessible  from  the  balconies  of  the  fire 
escapes. 

The  inlet  and  outlet  valves  on  every 
standpipe  shall  be  threaded  and  brought 
to  a  size  which  will  meet  the  standard 
connections  of  the  local  fire  department 
of  the  municipality  in  which  such  hotel  or 
lodging  house   is  being  erected. 

The  standpipes  retiuired  by  this  sec- 
tion need  not  be  installed  in  any  hotel 
which  is  situated  wliere  there  is  no  run- 
ning water  and  where  it  is  not  practicable 
or  possible  to  obtain  water  for  efficient 
use  of  such  standpipes  in  case  of  fire, 
until  such  time  as  it  is  practicable  and 
possible  to  obtain  running  water;  and  the 
department  charged  with  the  enforce- 
ment of  this  act  shall  decide  whether  or 
not  it  is  possible  or  practicable  to  obtain 
running  water. 

Shafts.       Elevator.       Dumb-waiter.       Vent 
shaft.     Construction.     Door.     Window. 

Sec.  56.  In  every  fireproof  hotel  here- 
after erected,  every  elevator  shaft,  dumb- 
waiter shaft  or  other  interior  shaft  shall 
be  inclosed  in  walls  constructed  of  con- 
crete, reinforced  concrete,  brick,  terra 
cotta  tile  or  other  similar  hard,  incom- 
bustible materials,  or  shall  be  constructed 
of  metal  studs  lathed  either  with  metal 
lath  or  an  approved  plaster  board  and 
plastered  on  both  sides  so  as  to  make  a 
solid  partition  not  less  than  two  inches 
thick. 

In  every  semifireproof  or  wooden  hotel 
hereafter  erected,  every  shaft  shall  be  in- 
closed by  fl'alls  constructed  as  provided 
by  this  act  for  fireproof  hotels,  or  such 
walls  shall  be  constructed  with  wood 
studs,  with  wood  firestops  the  same  size 
as  the  studs,  cut  in  between  the  studs  at 
each  floor  and  half  way  between  each 
floor,  lathed  on  both  sides  with  metal 
lath  or  an  approved  plaster  board  and  be 
plastered  not  less  than  three-quarters 
inch  thick  including  the  lath  or  plaster 
board. 

PJvery  opening  from  any  shaft  into  the 
building,  shall  be  equipped  with  a  metal 
door  and  wiih  door  frame  and  trim  en- 
tirelx'    of    metal:    or    such    door    and    door 


56 


frame  shall  be  constructed  of  wood  cov- 
ered with  metal  on  the  shaft  side  thereof, 
and  if  there  is  any  glass  therein,  such 
glass  shall  be  wired  glass  not  less  than 
one-fourth  inch  thick.  Every  door  or 
window  therein  shall  be  made  to  close 
tight,  and  every  door  except  elevator 
doors   therein   shall   l>e   self-closing. 

Every  window  in  such  shaft  shall  be  of 
wired  glass,  not  less  than  one-fourth  inch 
thick,  set  in  a  metal  sash  or  a  sash 
metal-covered   on    the    shaft    side   thereof. 

At    the    roof    over    every    elevator    shaft 

there    shall    be    constructed    a    ventilating 

skylight  or  a  ventilator  with  open  louvres. 

Vent      shaft.        Construction.        Openings. 

Area.      Width.      Intake.      Pipes. 

Sec.  57.  In  every  hotel  hereafter 
erected  every  vent  sliaft  shall  be  inclosed 
by  walls  constructed  the  same  as  re- 
quired by  this  act  for  elevator  shafts  in 
the  same  class  of  building.  Such  vent 
shafts  may,  in  a  semifireproof  or  wooden 
hotel,  be  lined  on  the  outside  thereof 
(weather  side)  with  metal  in  lieu  of  metal 
lath  and  plaster;  also,  that  portion  of  such 
shaft  extending  from  the  ceiling  joists 
to  the  top  thereof  may  be  lined  with 
metal  in  the  same  manner  as  is  required 
for  the  weather  side  of  such  vent  shaft. 

Every  opening  from  any  vent  shaft  into 
the  building  or  any  window  therein  shall 
be  equipped  in  the  same  manner  as  re- 
quired by  this  act  for  elevator  shafts  in 
the  same  class  of  Ijuilding. 

Plaster  on  the  weather  side  of  any 
such  shaft  shall   be  cement  plaster. 

Every  vent  shaft  required  by  this  act 
shall  be  not  less  than  four  feet  in  any 
direction  and  be  at  least  sixteen  square 
feet  in  area.  If  such  vent  shaft  exceeds 
fifty  feet  in  height,  measured  from  the 
l30ttom  to  the  top  of  the  walls  of  such 
shaft,  then  such  vent  shaft  shall  through- 
out its  entire  height  be  increased  in  area 
three  square  feet  for  each  additional  ten 
feet  or  fractional  part  thereof  above  fifty 
feet. 

Every  such  vent  shaft  shall  l3e  pro- 
vided with  an  air  intake  or  duct  at  or  near 
the  bottom  thereof,  communicating  with 
the  street  or  ward  or  a  covirt.  Such  in- 
take shall  be  not  less  than  three  square 
feet  in  total  area,  and  may  be  divided 
into  not  more  than  three  separate  ducts 
running  iDOtween  the  joists  or  otherwise, 
and  shall  in  all  cases  he  placed  as  nearly 
horizontal  as  possible.  Every  such  in- 
take or  duct  shall  be  constructed  of  ap- 
proved fireproof  material  or  shall  be  of 
metal  or  metal-lined,  and  be  provided  with 
a  wire  screen  of  not  less  than  one  inch 
mesh  at  each  end.  Plumbing,  gas,  steam 
or  other  similar  pipes  may  lie  placed  in 
such   a  vent   shaft. 

Every   vent   shaft   shall   have   a  door  or 
a    window   at    or   near   the    bottom    of    the 
shaft,    so    arranged    as    lo    permit    of    its 
being  readily  cleaned   out. 
Inner   court.     Construction.      Fireprooflng. 

Sec.  58.  The  walls  of  every  inner  court 
in  a  fireproof  hotel  hereafter  erected  shall 
be  constructed  of  concrete,  reinforced 
concrete,  brick,  terra  cotta  tile  or  other 
similar  hard,  incomljustible  material.  In 
a  semifireproof  or  in  a  wooden  hotel  such 
inner  court  walls,  if  surrounded  on  four 
sides  l^y  the  walls  of  the  same  building, 
shall  he  constructed  as  provided  for  fire- 
proof hotels,  or  may  be  of  wood  studs 
with  wood  firestops  the  same  size  as  the 
studs,  cut  in  iietween  the  studs  at  each 
floor  and  halfway  between  each  floor, 
lathed   on   both   sides   with  metal   lath,    or 


with  an  approved  plaster  board  and  l)e 
plastered  not  less  than  three-quarters 
inch  thick  including  the  lath  or  plaster 
board.  Plaster  on  the  weather  side  of 
such  inner  court  walls  shall  be  cement 
plaster,  or  such  inner  court  walls  may  be 
lined  on  the  weather  side  with  not  less 
than  number  twenty-six  (gauge)  metal, 
in   lieu   of   metal   lath  and  plaster. 

Boiler     or     furnace     room.      Construction. 
Oil. 

Sec.  59.  In  every  hotel  hereafter 
erected,  every  boiler  used  for  the  purpose 
of  heating  the  building,  using  fuel  other 
than  gas,  and  every  heating  furnace  or 
water-heating  apparatus  using  oil  for  fuel, 
shall  be  installed  in  a  room,  the  walls  of 
which  room  shall  be  built  of  concrete, 
reinforced  concrete,  brick,  stone  or  terra 
cotta  tile,  not  less  than  six  inches  thick, 
and  such  walls  shall  extend  from  the  floor 
of  the  boiler  room  to  the  ceiling  over 
same.  The  entire  ceiling  of  such  room 
shall  be  built  of  similar  materials  as  the 
walls,  or  shall  be  built  with  a  double  ceil- 
ing, with  a  space  of  not  less  than  seven- 
eighths  inch  between  the  two  ceilings, 
each  ceiling  shall  be  metal  lathed  or  lathed 
with  an  approved  plaster  board  and  be 
plastered  not  less  than  three-quarters 
inch  thick  including  the  lath  or  plaster 
board.  The  floor  of  a  boiler  room  shall 
be  of  concrete  not  less  than  two  inches 
thick. 

Any  door  in  the  wall  of  such  room  shall 
be  a  fire-resisting  door,  constructed  of 
three  thicknesses  of  seven-eighths  inch  by 
not  more  than  six  inches,  tongued  and 
grooved,  matched,  redwood  boards  entire- 
ly covered  on  the  sides  and  edges  with 
lock- jointed  tin;  every  such  door  shall  be 
self-closing,  so  hung  as  to  overlap  the 
walls  of  the  room  at  least  three  inches, 
and  any  glass  in  any  such  door  or  any 
glass  in  any  window  or  opening  in  the 
walls  of  a  boiler  room  shall  be  wired 
glass,  not  less  than  one-fourth  inch  thick, 
set  in  a  nnetal-covered  sash. 

All  such  doors  shall  have  hinges,  hang- 
ers, latches  and  other  hardware  of 
wrought  iron,  iDolted  to  the  doors,  and 
shall  have  steel  tracks,  when  sliding  doors 
are  used,  with  wrought-iron  stops  and 
binders  bolted  through  the  wall.  Swing- 
ing doors  shall  have  wall  eyes  of  wrought- 
iron,  built  of  bolted  through   the  wall. 

Every  such  boiler  shall  have  a  sill 
across  each  door  not  less  than  four  inches 
high.  Such  sills  shall  be  of  masonry,  and 
the  doors  shall  overlap  same  at  least  three 
inches,  or  in  lieu  of  a  masonry  sill  a  steel 
or  iron  sill  may  be  used,  in  which  case 
the  door  shall  close  tight  on  top  of  same. 

Where  oil  or  other  fluid  fuel  is  liurned, 
the  oil  or  other  fluid  fuel  shall  not  be 
fed  by  a  gravity  flow. 

Automobile    room.      Public    garage    or   ma- 
chine shop.     Construction. 

Sec.  60.  In  every  hotel  hereafter  erect- 
ed any  portion  of  such  building  in  which 
there  is  kept  or  stored  any  automobile  or 
automobiles  sliall  be  a  room  enclosed  in 
partitions  which  shall  be  built  of  concrete, 
reinforced  concrete,  brick,  stone  or  terra 
cotta  tile,  not  less  than  six  inches  thick. 
Such  enclosing  partitions  shall  extend 
from  the  floor  of  the  room  to  the  ceiling  of 
the  same.  The  entire  ceiling  of  such  room 
shall  be  Ijuilt  of  material  similar  to  that 
in  the  construction  of  its  walls  or  shall  be 
either  metal  lathed  or  be  lathed  with  an 
approved  plaster  board  and  be  well  plas- 
tered,  and  if  any  portion  of  the   building 


157 


i.s  used  as  a  pul)lie  autoniol)ile  sarase,  or 
automobile  repair  shop,  or  machine  shop 
tine  ceiling  thereof  shall  t)e  constructed 
either  of  masonry,  or  of  a  double  ceiling 
metal  lathed  or  lathed  with  an  approved 
plaster  board  and  be  well  plastered,  there 
shall  be  left  a  space  between  the  ceilings 
of  not  less  than  six  inches  measured  ver- 
tically. The  lower  ceiling  shall  be  sus- 
pended with  iron  or  steel  channels.  In 
each  case  each  of  the  ceilings  shall  be 
plastered  not  less  than  three-quarters  of 
an  inch  thick,  including  the  lath  or  the 
plaster  board.  The  floor  of  such  room 
shall  be  of  concrete  not  less  than  two 
inches  thick.  Every  door,  window  or 
other  opening  in  the  walls  of  such  room 
opening  to  the  interior  of  the  building 
shall  be  protected  in  the  same  manner 
re(iuired  by  section  fifty-nine  hereof  for 
doors  and  other  openings  in  a  boiler 
I'oom. 

Rooms.      Exhaust   system    in    lieu    of    win- 
dows,   when.      Construction. 

Sec.  61.  In  every  hotel  hereafter  erect- 
ed the  water-closet  compartments,  bath, 
toilet  or  slop-sink  rooms,  kitchens,  scul- 
leries, pantries  or  other  rooms  in  which 
food  is  stored  or  prepared,  public  dining 
rooms,  laundries,  barber  shops,  Turkish 
baths,  general  amusements,  entertain- 
ment or  reception  rooms,  and  rooms  used 
for  similar  purposes  and  general  utility 
rooms,  in  lieu  of  being  provided  with  win- 
dows, as  in  this  act  prescribed,  may  be 
provided  with  a  fan  exhaust  system  of 
ventilation.  Such  fan  exhaust  system  of 
ventilation  shall  consist  of  independent 
inlet  ducts,  extending  from  the  outer  air 
to  each  such  room  or  compartment  and 
exhaust  ducts  extending  from  each  such 
room  or  compartment  to  the  outer  air 
above  the  highest  roof  of  the  building. 

All  of  the  inlet  ducts  and  exhaust  ducts 
shall  be  constructed  of  galvanized  iron 
or  other  smooth  surfaced,  nonabsorlient 
material  and  so  arranged  that  they  may 
be   readily  cleaned  out. 

The  exhaust  ducts  shall  always  be  con- 
nected to  an  exhaust  fan  mechanically  op- 
erated, so  designed  and  operated  as  to 
provide  a  complete  change  of  air  in  not 
to  exceed  fifteen  minutes  for  each  room 
used  for  the  following  purposes:  kitchens; 
pantries  or  other  rooms  used  for  cooking, 
storing  or  preparing  of  food;  barber 
shops;    Turkish   baths;    laundries. 

General  amusement,  entertainment, 
reception  or  dining  rooms,  or  rooms  used 
for  similar  purposes;  general  utility 
rooms;  and  the  said  fan  exhaust  system 
of  ventilation  shall  be  so  designed  and 
operated  as  to  provide  a  complete  change 
of  air  in  not  to  exceed  five  minutes  for 
each  room  used  for  the  following  pur- 
poses; water-closets;  shower  compart- 
ments; bath,  toilet  or  slop-sink  rooms  or 
sculleries. 

Any  person  in  charge  of  a  building  in 
which  a  system  of  fan  exhaust  ventila- 
tion, as  in  this  section  is  required,  who 
fails,  neglects  or  refuses  to  operate  and 
maintain  the  said  system  of  ventilation 
in  good  order  and  repair  so  that  the  ven- 
tilation (complete  change  of  air)  herein 
specified  is  provided  in  each  of  the  rooms 
or  compartments  at  all  times,  shall  be 
deemed  guilty  of  a  misdemeanor  and  suu- 
ject  to  all  of  the  penalties  fixed  by  this 
act. 

Dormitory.  Twenty  persons.  Construc- 
tion. Beds.  Water-closet.  Urinal. 
Shower.      Wash-sink. 

Sec.  62.     Every  dormitory  hereafter  con- 


structed,    altered,     or     converted     in     an.v 
hotel   shall   be   as   follows: 

(a)  In  no  one  dormitory  shall  there  be 
provided  sleeping  accommodations  for 
more  than  twenty  adult  persons,  nor  shall 
the  superficial  floor  space  for  each  person 
be  less  than  retiuired  by  section  sixty-five 
hereof. 

(b)  The  ceiling  height,  measured  from 
the  finished  floor  to  the  finished  ceiling, 
shall  in  no  case  l)e  less  than  nine  feet  in 
the  clear,  and  in  no  case  shall  there  be 
permitted  in  such  dormitory  more  than 
one  tier  of  beds;  provided,  however,  that 
in  a  dormitory  in  which  the  clear  ceiling 
height  is  not  less  than  eighteen  feet  mea- 
sured between  the  finished  floor  to  the 
finished  ceiling  thereof,  a  double  tier  of 
beds  may  he  permitted,  i.  e.,  one  tier 
aljove  the  otlier;  provided,  that  in  no 
event  shall  there  be  less  than  three  feet 
of  clear  vertical  space  between  the  beds, 
nor  less  than  three  feet  in  any  horizontal 
direction  between  any  of  the  beds,  nor 
less  than  one  foot  of  clear  space  between 
the  floor  of  the  room  and  the  under  side 
of  the  first  tier  of  beds. 

(c)  In  every  dormitory  there  shall  be 
provided  windows  opening  into  a  street, 
or  onto  a  yard  or  court  of  the  dimensions 
specified  in  this  act  and  located  on  the 
same  lot.  The  window  area  shall  in  no 
case  be  less  than  one-eighth  of  the  super- 
ficial floor  area  in  the  dormitory,  and  in 
the  event  that  a  double  tier  of  beds  are 
provided,  the  said  window  area  shall  be 
doubled. 

(d)  The  frames  of  beds  in  every  dormi- 
tory shall  be  made  of  steel  or  iron  or  of 
sorne  similar  hard  smooth  incombustible 
and   nonabsorbent   material. 

(e)  In  every  dormitor"  there  shall  be 
provided  not  less  than  one  water-closet 
in  a  separate  compartment,  not  less  than 
one  urinal  in  a  separate  compartment, 
and  not  less  than  one  wash-sink,  for  each 
twenty  persons  or  fractional  part  thereof 
occupying  the    said   dormitory. 

(f)  Every  dormitory  in  a  hotel  erected 
prior  to  the  passage  of  this  act  shall  be 
made  to  conform  to  the  provisions  of  sub- 
section   "(a)"    of  this   section. 

Height  of  added  room  or  hall  existing 
house. 

Sec.  63.  In  any  hotel  erected  prior  to 
the  passage  of  this  act,  every  additional 
room  or  hallway  that  is  hereafter  con- 
structed or  created  may  be  of  the  same 
heiglit  as  the  other  rooms  or  hallways 
on   the   same  story  of  sucli  hotel. 

Room  in  prior  erected  hotel  for  sleep- 
ing.     Hallway. 

Sec.  64.  10ver\'  room  in  a  hotel  erected 
prior  to  the  passage  of  this  act  shall,  if 
the  said  room  he  hereafter  occupied  for 
living  or  sleeping  purposes,  have  a  win- 
dow of  an  area  not  less  than  eight  square 
feet,  opening  directly  upon  a  street,  a 
\ard,  a  court  or  upon  a  vent  shaft  not 
less  than  twenty-five  square  feet  in  area, 
which  vent  shaft  shall  in  no  part  be  less 
than  four  feet  wide  and  open  and  unob- 
structed, without  roof  or  skylight  over 
same;  except  that  if  such  room  lie  located 
on  the  top  floor  of  the  building,  such 
room  may  be  ventilated  by  a  skylight 
with  fixed  louvres  directly  to  the  outer 
air,  or  may  have  a  window  opening  upon 
a  vent  shaft  not  less  than  ten  square  feet 
in  area,  if  such  window  from  the  room  be 
more  than  three  feet  below  the  top  of  the 
wall   of  such  vent  shaft. 

Every  public  hallway  in  every  hotel 
erected   prior   to   the   passage  of   this   act. 


58 


which  does  not  conform  to  the  provisions 
for  public  hallways  in  buildings  hereafter 
erected,  shall  be  provided  with  light  and 
ventilation  to  the  outer  air.  Such  light 
and  ventilation  shall  be  provided  by  the 
placing  of  windows  or  skylights,  or  by 
making  such  alterations  as  in  the  judg- 
ment of  the  housing  department  may  be 
deemed  necessary  to  accomplish  the 
result. 

Kitchen.     Cooking  forbidden  except.    Rat- 
proofing.      Where    sleeping    forbidden. 
Floor  area. 
Sec.    65      Food    shall    not    be    cooked    or 
prepared  in  any  room  except  in  a  kitchen 
designed     for    that     purpose.       Floors     of 
kitchens  and  roms  in  which  food  is  stored 
shall    be    made    impervious    to    rats    by    a 
layer  of    concrete    not   less   than    one   and 
one-half    inches    thick    or    by    a    layer    of 
sheet  tin  or  iron  or  similar  material. 


It  shall  i^e  unlawful  for  any  person  to 
live  or  sleep,  or  permit  or  sufter  any  per- 
son to  live  or  sleep,  in  any  cellar,  bath, 
shower  or  slop-sink  room,  water-closet 
compartment,  hallway,  closet,  kitchen,  re- 
cess from  a  room,  or  dressing  room,  ex- 
cept wben  such  recess  from  a  room,  or 
dressing  room  has  at  least  ninety  square 
feet  of  superficial  floor  area  and  complies 
with  every  requirement  of  this  act  for 
rooms,  or  in  any  other  place  in  such  build- 
ing, which  in  the  judgment  of  the  depart- 
ment charged  with  the  enforcement  of 
this  act,  would  be  dangerous  or  prejudi- 
cial to  life  or  health  by  reason  of  want  of 
light,  windows,  ventilation,  drainage  or  on 
account  of  dampness,  offensive,  obnoxious 
or  poisonous  odors,  or  in  any  room  that 
shall  be  so  overcrowded  as  to  afford  less 
than  the  following  floor  space  for  each 
occupant  in  accordance  with  the  age  of 
said  occupant: 


Number  of 
persons  under 
Number  of  persons  over  12  years  of  age  12  yrs.  of  age 

1  or   2 

2  or  4 

3  or  6 

4  or   8 

5  or  10 

6  or  12 


Superficial  floor 
area  required 
60  square  feet 
120  square  feet 
180  square  feet 
240  square  feet 
300  square  feet 
360  square  feet 


Additional   floor  area  in   the   same  ratio 
shall    be   provided   for   additional   persons. 
Light    sunrise    to    sunset    and    sunset    to 
sunrise. 

Sec.  66.  In  every  hotel  there  shall  be 
installed  and  kept  burning  from  sunrise 
to  sunset  throughout  the  year  artificial 
light  sufficient  in  volume  to  properly  il- 
luminate every  public  hallway,  stairway, 
fire  escape  egress,  elevator,  passageway, 
public  water-closet  compartment,  or  toi- 
let room,  whenever  there  is  insufficient 
natural  light  to  permit  a  person  to  read 
in  any  part  thereof. 

In  every  hotel  there  shall  be  installed 
and  kept  burning  from  sunset  to  sunrise 
throughout  the  year  artificial  lisrht  suffi- 
cient in  volume  to  properly  illuminate 
every  public  hallway,  stairway,  fire  escape 
egress,  elevator,  public  water-closet  com- 
partment, or  toilet  room  and  exterior 
passageway  on  the  lot. 

Sleeping    room,    courts   and    shafts.      Light 
color. 

Sec.  67.  The  walls  and  ceilings  of  every 
sleeping  room  in  every  hotel  shall,  except 
when  there  is  sufficient  natural  light  to 
permit  a  person  to  read  in  any  part  there- 
of during  daytime,  be  calcimined  or  paint- 
ed or  papered  with  a  light-colored  materi- 
al, and  such  calcimine,  paint  or  paper,  as 
the  case  may  be  shall  be  renewed  as  often 
as  is  necessary  to  maintain  the  same  of 
a  light  color  and  clean  and  free  from  ver- 
min. 

The  walls  of  courts  and  shafts,  unless 
built  of  light-colored  materials,  shall  be 
painted  of  a  light  color  or  whitewashed, 
and  such  painting  or  whitewashing  shall 
be  renewed  as  often  as  is  necessary  to 
maintain  the  same  of  a  light  color. 
Wall   paper  and  calcimine  when   removed. 

Sec.  68.  No  wall,  partition  or  ceiling  of 
any  room  in  any  hotel  shall  be  repapered, 
calcimined,  or  have  any  other  covering 
placed  thereupon  unless  the  old  wall  pa- 
per or  other  covering  shall  have  first  been 
removed    therefrom,    and    the    said    wall, 


partition    or    ceiling    cleaned,    disinfected 

and   freed    from    bugs,    insects   or   vermin. 

Building     to     be     in     good     repair.       Roof. 

Yards,     courts,     graded     and     drained, 

and    when    paved. 

Sec.  69  Every  hotel  shall  be  maintain- 
ed in  good  repair.  The  roofs  shall  be  kept 
waterproof  and  all  storm  or  casual  water 
properly  drained  and  conveyed  therefrom 
to  the  street  sewer,  storm  drain  or  street 
gutter. 

All  portions  of  the  lot  about  such  hotel, 
including  the  yards,  courts,  areaways, 
vent  shafts  and  passageways,  shall  be 
properly  graded  and  drained;  and  when- 
ever the  department  charged  with  the  en- 
forcement of  this  act  deems  it  necessary 
for  the  protection  of  the  health  of  the  oc- 
cupants of  such  building,  or  .or  the  prop- 
er sanitation  of  the  premises,  it  may  re- 
quire that  the  said  lot,  yards,  courts, 
areaways,  vent  shafts  and  passageways 
be  graveled  or  properly  paved  and  sur- 
faced with  concrete  asphalt  or  similar  ma- 
terials. 
Doors  and  windows  when  screened. 

Sec.  70.  There  shall  be  provided,  when- 
ever it  is  deemed  necessary  for  the  health 
of  the  occupants  of  any  hotel  or  for  the 
proper  sanitation  or  cleanliness  of  any 
such  bviilding,  metal  mosquito  screening 
of  at  least  sixteen  mesh,  set  in  tight-fit- 
ting removable  sash,  for  each  e.xterior 
door,  window  or  other  opening  in  the  ex- 
terior walls  of  the  building. 
Garbage  cans.  Garbage  chute  when  in- 
stalled. 

Sec.  71.  In  every  hotel  there  shall  be 
provided  such  number  of  tight  metal  re- 
ceptacles with  close-fitting  metal  covers 
for  garbage,  refuse,  ashes  and  rubbish  as 
may  be  deemed  necessary  by  the  depart- 
ment charged  with  the  enforcement  of 
this  act,  or  in  lieu  of  such  metal  recepta- 
cles there  may  be  constructed  a  garbage 
chute  or  shaft  approved  by  the  housing 
department.      Each    of    said    receptacles, 


59 


chutes  or  shafts  shall  be  kept  in  a  clean 
condition  by  the  person  in  charge  or  in 
control  of  the  building. 

Premises  to  be  clean   and  sanitary. 

Sec.  72.  Every  room,  hallway,  passage- 
way, starway,  wall,  partition,  ceiling,  floor 
skylight,  glass  window,  door,  carpet,  rug, 
matting  ,  window  curtain,  water-closet 
compartment  or  room,  toilet  room,  bath- 
room, slop-sink  or  washroom,  plumbing 
fixture,  drain,  roof,  closet,  cellar,  or  base- 
ment in  any  hotel  or  on  the  lot,  yard, 
court  or  any  of  the  premises  thereof  shall 
be  kept  in  every  part  clean  and  sanitary 
and  free  from  all  accumulation  of  debris, 
filth,  rubbish  garbage  or  other  offensive 
matter. 

No  person  shall,  or  cause  or  permit  any 
person  to  deposit  any  swill,  garbage,  bot- 
tles, ashes,  cans  or  other  improper  sub- 
stance in  any  water-closet,  sink,  slop- 
hopper,  bathtub,  shower,  catch-basin,  or 
in  any  plumbing  fixture  connection  or 
drain  therefrom;  or  otherwise  to  obstruct 
the  same:  or  to  place  or  cause  or  permit 
to  be  placed  any  filth,  urine  or  other  foul 
matter  in  any  place  other  than  the  place 
provided  for  same;  or  to  keep  or  cause  or 
permit  to  be  kept  any  urine  or  filth  or 
foul  matter  in  any  room  in  any  hotel,  or 
in  or  about  the  said  building  or  premises 
thereof,  for  such  length  of  time  as  to  cre- 
ate a  nuisance. 

Bed,  mattress,  bedding  clean  and  sani- 
tary. No  roller  towel.  Linen  changed. 
Sec.  73.  In  every  hotel,  every  part  of 
every  bed,  including  the  mattress,  sheets, 
blankets  and  bedding,  shall  be  kept  in  a 
clean,  dry  and  sanitary  condition,  free 
from  filth,  urine  or  other  foul  matter,  in 
or  upon  the  same;  and  free  from  the  in- 
fection of  lice,  bedbugs  or  other  insects. 
No  roller  or  public  towel  shall  be  permit- 
ted. Bed  linen  shall  be  changed  at  least 
as  often  as  a  new  guest  occupies  the  bed. 

Articles  dangerous  to  life  or  health. 
Permit. 
Sec.  74.  In  no  hotel,  or  any  part  there- 
of, or  in  the  lot,  yard,  court  or  any  por- 
tion thereof,  shall  there  be  kept,  stored 
or  handled  any  article  dangerous  or  det- 
rimental to  life  or  to  the  health  of  the  oc- 
cupants thereof;  nor  shall  there  be  stored 
kept  or  handled  any  feed,  hay,  straw,  ex- 
celsior, cotton,  paper  stock,  rags  or  junk, 
except  upon  a  written  permit  so  to  do, 
obtained  from  the  fire  commissioner  or 
other  department  authorized  to  issue  such 
permit.  Every  such  permit  shall  be  deem- 
ed to  be  a  public  record,  made  in  dupli- 
cate and  a  copy  thereof  shall  remain  on 
file  in  the  ofllce  of  the  fire  commissioner 
or  department  issuing  same. 

Animals,  poultry,  birds  forbidden.  Stable 
forbidden.     Paint,  oil. 

Sec.  75.  No  horse,  cow,  calf,  swine, 
sheep,  goat,  rabbit,  mule  or  other  animal, 
chicken,  pigeon,  goose,  duck  or  other 
poultry  shall  be  kept  in  a  hotel,  or  any 
part  thereof;  nor  shall  any  such  animal 
or  poultry,  nor  shall  any  stable  be  kept 
or  maintained  on  the  same  lot,  yard,  court 
or  premises  of  a  hotel,  or  within  twenty 
feet  of  any  window  or  door  of  such  build- 
ing. 

No  hotel  shall  be  connected  with  or 
have  any  door,  window  or  transom  open- 
ing to  any  part  of  a  building  wherein 
paint  or  oil  are  stored  or  kept  for  the 
purpose   of  sale  or  otherwise. 


Janitor  or   housekeeper  when. 

Sec.  76.  In  every  hotel  in  which  there 
are  eight  or  more  guest  rooms  and  in 
which  the  owner  does  not  live,  there  shall 
be  a  janitor,  housekeeper  or  other  respon- 
sible person,  who  shall  reside  in  such 
hotel  or  on  the  same  lot  or  premises 
thereof  and  have  charge  of  same. 

Violation  of  act.     Procedure  on. 

Sec.  77.  In  case  any  hotel,  or  any  part 
thereof,  is  constructed,  altered,  convert- 
ed or  maintained  in  violation  of  any  pro- 
visions of  this  act  or  of  any  order  or 
notice  of  the  department  charged  with 
its  enforcement,  or  in  case  a  nuisance 
exists  in  any  such  hotel  or  building  or 
structure  or  upon  the  lot  on  which  it  is 
situated,  said  department  may  institute 
any  appropriate  action  or  proceeding  to 
prevent  such  unlawful  construction,  alter- 
ation, conversion  or  maintenance,  to  re- 
strain, correct  or  abate  such  violation  or 
nuisance,  to  prevent  the  occupation  of 
said  hotel,  building  or  structure,  to  pre- 
vent any  illegal  act,  conduct  of  business 
in  or  about  such  hotel  or  lot.  In  any  such 
action  or  proceeding  said  department 
may,  by  affidavit  setting  forth  the  facts, 
apply  to  the  superior  court,  or  to  any 
judge  thereof,  for  an  order  granting  the 
relief  for  which  said  action  or  proceed- 
ing is  brought,  or  for  an  order  enjoining 
all  persons  from  doing  or  permitting  to 
be  done  any  work  in  or  about  such  hotel, 
building,  structure  or  lot,  or  from  occupy- 
ing or  using  the  same  for  any  purpose, 
until  the  entry  of  final  judgment  or  order. 
In  case  any  notice  or  order  issued  by  said 
department  is  not  complied  with,  said  de- 
partment may  apply  to  the  superior  court, 
or  to  any  judge  thereof,  for  an  order  au- 
thorizing said  department  to  execute  and 
carry  out  the  provisions  of  said  notice  or 
order,  to  remove  any  violation  specified 
in  said  order  or  notice,  or  to  abate  any 
nuisance  in  or  about  such  hotel,  build- 
ing or  structure  or  the  lot  upon  which  it 
is  situated.  The  court,  or  any  judge 
thereof,  is  hereby  authorized  to  make  any 
order  specified  in  this  section.  In  no  case 
shall  the  said  department  or  any  officer 
thereof  or  the  municipal  corporation  be 
liable  for  costs  in  any  action  or  proceed- 
ing that  may  be  commenced  in  pursuance 
of  this  act. 
Fine   is  a  lien. 

Sec.  78.  Every  fine  imposed  by  judg- 
ment under  section  six  of  this  act  upon  a 
hotel  owner  shall  be  a  lien  upon  the  house 
in  relation  to  which  the  fine  is  imposed, 
from  the  time  of  the  filing  of  a  certified 
copy  of  said  judgment  in  the  office  of  the 
recorder  of  the  county  in  which  said  hotel 
is  situated,  subject  only  to  taxes  and  as- 
sessments and  water  rates,  and  to  such 
mortgage  and  mechanics'  liens  as  may 
exist  thereon  prior  to  such  filing;  and  it 
shall  be  the  duty  of  the  department 
charged  with  the  enforcement  of  the  pro- 
visions of  this  act,  upon  the  entry  of  such 
judgment  to  file  forthwith  the  copy  as 
aforesaid,  and  such  copy  filing  shall  be 
forthwith  indexed  by  the  recorder  in  the 
index  of  mechanics'  lien. 
Notice  of  pendency  of  action.  How 
canceled. 

Sec.  79.  In  any  action  or  proceeding 
instituted  by  the  department  charged  with 
the  enforcement  of  this  act,  the  plaintiff 
or  petitioner  may  file,  in  the  county  re- 
corder's   office    of    the    county    where    the 


60 


property  affected  by  such  action  or  pro- 
ceeding is  situated  a  notice  of  the  pen- 
dency of  such  action  or  proceeding.  Said 
notice  may  be  filed  at  tlie  time  of  the 
commencement  of  tlie  action  or  proceed- 
ing, or  at  any  time  afterwards  before 
final  judgment  or  order,  or  at  any  time 
after  the  service  of  any  notice  or  order 
issued  by  said  department.  Such  notice 
shall  have  the  same  force  and  effect  as 
the  notice  of  pendency  of  action  provided 
for  in  the  Code  of  Civil  Procedure.  Each 
county  recorder  with  whom  such  notice 
is  filed  shall  record  it  and  shall  index  it 
in  the  name  of  each  person  specified  in  a 
direction  subscribed  b-"  an  officer  of  the 
department  instituting  such  action  or  pro- 
ceeding. Any  such  notice  may  be  vacated 
upon  the  order  of  a  judge  of  the  court 
in  which  such  action  or  proceeding  was 
instituted  or  is  pending.  The  recorder  of 
the  county  where  such  notice  is  filed  is 
hereby  directed  to  mark  such  notice  and 
any  record  or  docket  thereof  as  canceled 
of  record,  vipon  the  presentation  and  filing 
of  a  certified  copy  of  such  order. 

Owner     and      lessee     to     file      name      and 
address. 

Sec.  80.  Every  owner  of  a  hotel  and 
every  lessee  or  other  person  having  con- 
trol of  a  hotel,  shall  file  in  the  housing 
department  a  notice,  containing  his  name 
and  address,  and  also  a  description  oi  the 
property,  by  street  and  number  and  other- 
wise, as  the  case  may  be,  in  such  manner 
as  will  enable  the  department  charged 
with  the  enforcement  of  this  act  easily  to 
find  the  same;  and  also  the  number  of 
rooms  in  the  building.  In  case  of  a  trans- 
fer of  any  hotel,  it  shall  be  the  duty  of 
the  grantee  of  said  hotel  to  file  in  the 
housing  department  a  notice  of  such 
transfer,  stating  the  name  of  the  new 
owner,  within  thirty  days  after  such 
transfer.  In  case  of  the  devolution  of  the 
said  property  by  will,  it  shall  be  the  duty 
of  the  e.xecutor  and  the  devisee,  if  more 
than  twenty-one  years  of  age,  and  in  case 
of  devolution  of  such  property  by  inherit- 
ance without  a  will,  it  shall"  be' the  duty 
of  the  heirs,  or  in  case  all  the  heirs  are 
under  age,  it  shall  be  the  duty  of  the  ad- 
ministrator of  the  deceased  owner  of  said 
property,  to  file  in  said  department  a 
notice,  stating  the  death  of  said  owner 
and  the  names  of  those  who  have  suc- 
ceeded to  his  interests,  within  thirty  days 
after  the  death  of  the  decedent,  in  case 
he  died  intestate,  and  within  thirty  days 
after  the  probate  of  his  will  if  he  died 
testate. 

Agent's  name  and  address  filed.     Descrip- 
tion of  property. 

Sec.  81.  Every  owner,  agent  or  lessee 
of  a  hotel  shall  file  in  the  housing  depart- 
ment a  notice  containing  the  name  and 
address  of  such  agent  of  such  house,  for 
the  purpose  of  receiving  service  of  pro- 
cess, and  also  a  description  of  the  prop- 
erty, by  street  and  number  or  otherwise, 
as  the  case  may  be,  in  such  manner  as 
will  enable  the  department  charged  with 
the  enforcement  of  this  act  easily  to  find 
the  same.  The  name  of  the  owner  or 
lessee  may  be  filed  as  agent  for  this  pur- 
pose. 

Names    and   addresses   indexed. 

Sec.  82.  The  names  and  addresses  filed 
in  accordance  with  sections  seventy-nine 
and  eighty  shall  be  indexed  by  the  hous- 
ing department  in  such  a  manner  that  all 


of  those  tiled  in  relation  to  each  hotel 
shall  be  together  and  readily  ascertain- 
able. Said  indices  shall  be  public  records, 
open  to  public  inspection  during  business 
hours. 

Notice    or    order    served    five    days    prior. 

Sec.  83.  Every  notice  or  order  in  rela- 
tion to  a  hotel  shall  be  served  five  days 
liefore  the  time  for  doing  the  thing  in  re- 
lation to  which  it  shall  have  been  issued. 

Summons,  how  served. 

Sec.  84.  In  any  action  brought  by  any 
department  charged  with  the  enforcement 
of  this  act  in  relation  to  a  hotel  for  in- 
junction, vacation  of  the  premises  or 
other  abatement  of  nuisance,  or  to  estab- 
lish a  lien  thereon,  it  shall  be  sufficient 
service  of  summons  to  serve  the  same  as 
notices  and  orders  are  served  under  the 
provisions  of  the  Code  of  Civil  Procedure. 

Act  Is  minimum  requirement.  Further 
restrictions.  Laws  and  ordinances  in- 
consistent   repealed. 

Sec.  85.  The  provisions  of  this  act  shali 
be  held  to  be  the  minimum  requirements 
adopted  for  the  protection,  the  health  and 
the  safety  of  the  community,  and  for  the 
protection,  the  health  and  the  safety  of 
the  occupants  of  hotels.  Nothing  in  this 
act  contained  shall  be  construed  as  pro- 
hibiting the  local  legislative  body  of  any 
incorporated  town,  incorporated  city,  in- 
corporated city  and  county,  or  county, 
from  enacting  from  time  to  time,  supple- 
mentary ordinances  or  laws  imposing  per- 
mits, certificates  or  other  papers  required 
by  this  act;  but  no  ordinance,  law,  regu- 
lation or  ruling  of  any  municipal  depart- 
ment, authority,  officer  or  officers,  shall 
repeal,  amend,  modify  or  dispense  with 
any  of  the  provisions  of  this  act. 

All  statutes  of  the  state  and  all  ordi- 
nances of  incorporated  cities,  incorpor- 
ated cities  and  counties,  and  counties,  as 
far  as  inconsistent  with  the  provisions  of 
this  act,  are  hereby  repealed;  provided, 
that  nothing  in  this  act  contained  shall 
be  construed  as  repealing  or  abrogating 
any  present  ordinance  or  law  of  any  in- 
corporated town,  incorporated  city,  in- 
corporated city  and  county,  or  county,  in 
the  state  which  further  restricts  the  per- 
centage of  the  lot  to  be  covered  by  a  hotel 
the  number  of  stories  or  height  of  such 
hotel  or  number  of  rooms  therein,  the  oc- 
cupation thereof,  the  materials  to  be  used 
in  its  construction,  or  increasing  the  size 
of  the  yards  or  courts,  the  floor  space  to 
each  person  occup.ving  a  room,  the  re- 
quirements as  to  sanitation,  ventilation, 
light   and   protection    against   fire. 

Nothing  in  this  act  contained  shall  be 
construed  as  abrogating  diminishing  min- 
imizing or  denying  the  power  of  any  in- 
corporated town,  incorporated  city,  in- 
corporated city  and  county,  or  county,  by 
ordinance  or  law,  to  further  restrict  the 
percentage  of  the  lot  to  be  covered  by  a 
hotel  within  said  municipality,  the  num- 
ber of  stories  or  height  of  such  hotel  or 
number  of  rooms  therein,  the  occupation 
thereof,  the  materials  to  be  used  in  its 
construction,  or  increasing  the  size  of  the 
yards  or  courts,  the  floor  space  to  each 
person  occupying  a  room  the  requirements 
as  to  sanitation,  ventilation,  light  and 
protection   against    fire. 

Constitutional    declaration. 

Sec.  86.  If  any  section,  subsection,  sen- 
tence,   clause  or   phrase  of  this  act    is  for 


any    reason    held    to    be    unconKtituUonal,  be    in   force   from    and   after   September   1, 

such  decision  shall  not  affect  the  validity  1917. 

of  the  remaining  portions  of  this  act.  The  _ 

legislature   hereby  declares   that   it    would  Existing  act  repealed. 

have  passed  this  act,  and  each  section,  Sec.  88.  "An  act  to  regulate  the  build- 
subsection,  sentence,  clause  and  phrase  ing  and  occupancy  of  hotels  and  lodging 
thereof,  irrespective  of  the  fact  that  any  houses  in  incorporated  towns,  incorpor- 
one  or  more  sections,  subsections,  sen-  ated  cities,  and  cities  and  counties,  and 
fences,  clauses,  or  i»hrases  be  declared  to  provide  penalties  for  the  violation 
unconstitutional.  thereof,"  approved  June  16,   1913,   statutes 

A^*    .■-   ««„„*    p 4.       I-        ■,     i«<-T  of    California    of    1913,    page    1429,    and    all 

Act    in   effect    September    1,    1917.  .^,.ts    amending   .said    act,    are    herebv    re- 
Sec.   87.     This   act  shall   take   effect  and  pealed. 


TEE  B.  Y.  DAVIS  ROOFING  CO.,  INC. 

DE  LUXE  ROOFS  CERTAIN-TEED  ROOFS 

BARRETT  SPECIFICATION  ROOFS 

Roof   Repairing,    Re-surfacing,    Repainting.       Asphalt   Felt,    Tarred   Felt, 

Roofing  and  Building  Paper.      Barrett's  Coal  Tar,   Creosote  Oil, 

Wood  Preservative.      Roof,   Metal  and  Waterproof 

Paints,  Shingle  Stains,  Roofing  Cement 

WHOLESALE  and  RETAIL 
820-22    EAST   THIRD    STREET 

Main  4360  Home  60608  Main  6561 


D.  G.  BEVIS  &  CO. 

CONTRACTOR'S    EQUIPMENT         INDUSTRIAL    MACHINERY 
Home  101 75  236  MARSH-STRONG  BUILDING  Main5045 

Cement  Mixers  Paving  Joint  Haslett  Spiral  Chutes 

Hoists  Scrapers  and  Graders      Elevators 

Crushers  Gasoline    Locomotives      Pumping  Appliances 

Steam   Shovels  Waugh   Skylights  Cars  and  Track 

Car  Unloaders  Asbestos    Steel  Asphalt  Plants 

Asbestos  Protected  Metal  Gravity   Chute  Equipment 

We   buy   and  sell   all   kinds   of  machinery  as  above. 
We   rent   all   kinds   of   machinery  as  above 


Home  F3942  Mam   333 

SOLAR  AND  ELECTRIC  BLUE  PRINTING 

SO.  CAL.  BLUE  PRINT  &  SUPPLY  CO. 

FRED  A.  WILLIS,  Proprietor 
LOS    ANGELES,    CALIFORNIA 

Main  Office  and  Plant:  800  American  Bank  Building,   Northeast  Corner 

Second   and   Spring   Streets 

Auxiliary  Plant:  700  Wesley  Roberts  Building,  Southwest  Corner  Third 

and   Main  Streets.      Phone.   Main    3  759 


62 


Main  8069  F7566 


Oldest  and  Largest   Builders  of  Safes   and  Vaults 
in  the  World 

HERRING -HALL -MARVIN  SAFE  CO. 


Is  Your  Safe  Safe? 


Makers  of 
HALL'S   STANDARD 

SAFES  AND  VAULTS 

For   Every  Purpose 

SHEALY  SAFE  CO. 

Distributors 

2  I  2  SOUTH  HILL  STREET,  LOS  ANGELES 


TRESSLER  ORNAMENTAL  IRON  WORKS 

O.  EARL  TRESSLER,  Proprietor 

Elevator  Cars  and  Enclosures         Fences  and  Gates         Brass  and  Wire  Work 

Fire  Escapes  Folding   Gates 

Phones:  Home  A476I  ;  Main   9234 

7 1  7  EAST  NINTH  STREET  LOS  ANGELES 


Arthur  W.  Kennett  Phone  F2687 

CITY  ORNAMENTAL  IRON  WORKS 

Brass,  Bronze  and  Metal  Bank  Fixtures  and  Office  Grilles 

Folding  Gates  and  Wire  Work  of  All  Kinds,  Metal  Furniture,  Elevator 

Cabs  and  Enclosures,   Wire  and  Iron  Fences  and  Gates 

Iron  Stairs  and  Fire  Escapes 

728  SOUTH  MAIN  STREET  LOS  ANGELES,  CAL. 


63 


State  Hotel  and  Lodging  House 
Act  Index 


Act,    applies    to    towns,    cities    and    coun- 
ties        1 

by    whom    administered 2 

effective  September  1,  1917 87 

not  modified   by  ordinance 85 

Action   or   proceedin"'    lis  pendens 79 

Agent,  name  and  address  filed  where....  81 

Alteration,  not  to  violate  act 4 

Application,   for  permit   to  erect, 

etc 7,     8 

Approved,     definition ; 10 

Areaway,    graded,    drained,    paved 69 

Automobile,      construction      of     room      to 

hold     60 

repair  shop,   how  constructed 60 

Basement,    definition 10 

height  of  for  sleeping  purposes 24 

is   a   story 12 

stairway   from   outside   to 42 

walls      dampproofed      and      waterproof- 
ed       24 

when  may  be  used  for  sleeping 24 

Bathroom,   area   of   window 29 

how     waterproofed 35 

one  for  each  ten  guest  rooms 35 

prior  erected  building,  number  of 36 

7   feet  6   inches   high 26 

where  no  running  water 39 

Bed,    in    dormitory,    material   of 62 

to  be  clean  and  sanitary 73 

linen,   changed  for  new  guest 73 

Bedding,  to  be  clean  and  sanitary 73 

Boiler  room,  when  fireproofed  and 

how    59 

Building,  if  converted  to  comply 5 

hotel    or    lodging    house 10 

when  erected  in  front  of  hotel 11 

Building  department,   application   to   con- 
struct         7 

■  definition  10 

jurisdiction  of  2 

Cellar,    definition   of 10 

not  to  be  constructed  or  used  for  sleep- 
ing      23 

starway   from  outside  to 42 

to   be   illuminated   and   ventilated 23 

unlawful   to   sleep   in 65 

when  to  be  dampproofed 23 

Certificate    of   final    completion 2,     8 

Chicken,  goose,  duck,  rabbit,  pigeon,  for- 
bidden       75 

Closet,   exceeding    25    square    feet    to    be 

90    square    feet _  26 

forbidden   under  wooden   starway 46 

how   fioor   area   computed 26 

Commission     of    Immigation    and     Hous- 
ing         2 

when    may   enter 9 

C'onstruction,    controlled    by    building    de- 
partment      2 

Constitutional     declaration 86 

Corner  lot,  definition  of 10 

yard     15 

Cornice,   may  project  into   court 10 

Corridor,   from  stairway,   width  of 48 

Costs,  department  not  liable  for 77 

County,  governed  by  this  act 1 

Court,   cornice   may  project   into 10 

definition  of 10 

inner,    definition    of 10 

door  or  window  at  bottom 20 

fireproofing   of   wall _ 58 

intake     to 22 


on  lot  line,  size  of 20 

size    of 20 

outer,  definition  of 10 

size    of 19 

to  be  graded  and  drained;  paving 69 

to  be  open  to  sky 10 

walls  of  to  be  light  color 67 

Cow,  horse,  swine,  goat,  etc.,  forbid- 
den       75 

Curb    level,    definition 10 

Definitions    10 

Department,  charged  with  enforcement  10 

may    enter    hotel    when 9 

means   building  department,   health   de- 
partment,   etc 10 

Depth  of  lot,  definition  of 10 

Dining    room,     exhaust    in    lieu    of    win- 
dows      27 

window    area 30 

Door,   from  garage  into   house 60 

not  to  be  open  toward  paint  or  oil  store- 
room      75 

to     bathroom 35 

to  elevator  shaft 56 

to    water-closet 33 

when  screened  and  how 70 

Dormitory,    definition    of 10 

i-onstruction;  number  persons  in 62 

in    hotel    heretofore   erected 62 

material  and  arrangement  of 

beds   in 62 

to    conform    to   section    62 26 

water-closet,    urinal,    wash   sink, 

shower    62 

Dressing  room,   size  when   exceeds  25 

square  feet 26 

when  may  not  be  slept  in 65 

Elevator  shaft,   construction   of;    fire- 
proof      : 56 

door,    window    fireproofed 56 

semifireproof,   wooden   house 56- 

location    of    stairway 44 

to  have  skylight   or  ventilator 56 

when  doors   in  self-closing 56 

walls  to  be  light  colored 67 

Excelsior,   not  to  be  stored  unless 74 

Exhaust  system,   for  certain  rooms 61 

Faucets,   of  hose   bibb  type 37 

Fine,  to  be  a  lien 78 

Fire    commissioner 10 

Fire  escape,  at  least  one,  when 49 

egress  to  51 

how    constructed 49 

kinds  of  49 

metal  to  be  painted  or  galvanized 49 

computing  number  of 52 

not   to   be  removed 4 

number     of 49 

opening   through   cornice 49 

signs     indicating 51 

size  of  window  opening  on 53 

strength     of .• 53 

to  be  in  good  order 54 

where    located 51 

used  as  stairway 50 

Fireproof    hotel,    definition  of 10 

limit   of   height 12 

number  and  width  of  stairways 42 

Floor,    area,    amount    of    for   each    person 

sleeping     ft'5 

lowest,  openings  in  to  be  rat- 
proofed     25e 

to   be   ratproofed 25d 


64 


of    lowest    story    18    inches    above    soil, 

when    25 

Foundation    walls    of    concrete,    brick    or 

stone  25a 

openings  in  to  be  ratproofed 25c 

width   and    height 25b 

Front  of  lot,   definition  of 10 

Furnace,  oil  not  to  he  fed  by  gravity....  59 

room,    when    fireproofed   and   how 59 

Garage,    how   constructed   in   hotel 60 

Garbage   can,   installation   of 71 

Garbage   can,    installation   of 71 

chute,   permit  to   install 71 

Guest,    definition    of 10 

Guest  room,  definition  of 10 

Hallway,  in  addition  to  hotel,  height 

of    63 

public,    definition   of 10 

doors   in   lieu   of  windows ! 31 

offset    from 31 

window   in;   size  of 31 

heretofore   erected,  ventilation   of....  64 

width     of 48 

May,  not  to  be  stored,  unless 74 

Health    department,    definition 10 

duty  of 2 

Height  of  hotel,  how  measured  and 

limit     12 

Horse,     when     forbidden 75 

Hotel,  building,   erected  in  front 11 

damaged  51  per  cent  by  fire 5 

definition   of 10 

definition   of   height   of 12 

distance  between   front  and  rear  build- 
ings   13 

fireproof,  definition  of 10 

fireproof,    limit    of   height 12 

heretofore    erected 4 

heretofore   erected,   height   of  ceiling   in 

additions     63 

water,    faucets,    etc 38 

if  moved  or  altered  to  comply 5 

or  lodging  house,  not  to  violate  act....     3 

not  used  at  effective  date  hereof 5 

permission   to  construct 7 

permit    to    occupy 8 

rear,    definition  of 10 

same   as   lodging   house 10 

semifireproof,    definition  of 10 

semifireproof,    height   limit 12 

to  be  clean  and  sanitary 72 

to  be  connected  with  sewer,  when 37 

to  be  in   good  repair 69 

transfer  of,  notice  of  filed 80 

when    may    be    entered 9 

wooden,  definition  of 10 

height    limit 12 

where  no  running  water 39 

Housing  department,  duty  of 2 

Housekeeper,    when  required 76 

Immigration  and   Housing  Commis- 
sion      2,     9 

Index,   names  and  addresses 82 

Inner   court,    definition   of 10 

door  or  window  at  bottom 20 

fireproofing   of   walls 58 

intake     to 22 

On  lot  line,  size  of 20 

size   of    20 

Inspection,  when  and  by  whom 9 

Intake,  to  be  incombustible  materials....  22 

to  inner  court  22 

to  vent  shaft  57 

Interior  lot,  definition  of 10 

Janitor,    when    required 76 

Junk,   not  to  be  stored  unless 74 

Jurisdiction   of   court 77 

Kitchen,    exhaust    system    in    place    of 

windows     27 

floor  to  be  ratproofed 65 

food  not  to  be  prepared  except  in 65 

unlawful    to   sleep   in 65 

Landings,    width    of 48 

Lien,  fine  to  be  a... 78 


Light,    to   burn   from   sunrise   to   sunset  66 

to  burn,  sunset  to  sunrise, „.  66 

Lis  pendens,  recorded 79 

when  canceled  _ 79 

Lodging  house,   definition  of 10 

heretofore    erected    4 

is  a   hotel   10 

permit   of  occupancy 8 

permit   to   construct 7 

Lot,    corner,    definition   of 10 

definition    of    ._  10 

death   of,    definition    10 

front   of,    definition 10 

interior,    definition    of 10 

rear,    definition  of 10 

rear  of,   definition  of 10 

rear,  no  hotel  to  be  erected  on 11 

to  be  graded  and  drained 69 

Mattress,   to  be  clean  and  sanitary 73 

Minimum  requirement,   act  to  be 85 

Names  and  addreses  indexed 82 

Notice,    time    of   service 83 

Nuisance,  action  on 77 

definition    of    10 

not   to   be   maintained   3 

unlawful  occupancy  a  8 

Occupancy,  not  to  violate  act 3 

unlawful,    procedure    on '. 6 

Oil,   not  to  be  fed  by  gravity 59 

window  or  floor  not  to  open  on  store- 
room   ..  75 

Order,  proceedings  on  violation  of 83 

time  of  service  of 83 

Ordinance,  in  violation  of  act  repealed  85 

supplemental    to    act 85 

Outer  court,   definition  of 10 

size    of    19 

Owner,   address   of  filed 80 

not   to   construct   contrary  to  act 3 

when   may    enter   house 9 

Paint,   window  or  door  not  to  open  on 

storeroom    75 

Papering,   old  paper  to  be  removed 68 

Pasageway,  graded,  drained,  paved 69 

Penthouse,    how   constructed 47 

in   hotels   heretofore   erected 47 

Permit,  for  construction,  how  obtained     7 

nominal  alterations  7 

of  occupancy  8 

by    whom    issued 2 

to  be  applied  for,  how 8 8 

to   be   renewed   yearly 8 

to    construct,    application   sworn   to....     7 

cancellation   of  7 

to  erect,  reconstruct,  alter,  move 7 

when  expires  in  ninety  days 7 

Person,    definition    of 10 

Plaintiff,   in  action   77 

Plans,    in  duplicate,  one  on  work 7 

Plumbing  fixtures,  not  to  be  obstructed  72 

Plumbing,    material    of 40 

not  to  be  enclosed  in  woodwork 40 

to  be  replaced  on  order 40 

to  be  trapped  and  vented 40 

Privy,   where  no  running  water 39 

Property,    description    of   filed 80 

Rabbit,  chicken,  goose,  duck,  forbidden  75 

Rags,  not  to  be  stored,  unless 74 

Ratproofing,    generally    25 

kitchen  and  storeroom  floor 65 

Rear,     building,     distance     from     front 

building 13 

hotel,    definition   of 10 

lot.  definition  of 10 

no   hotel   to  be  hereafter  placed  on  11 

of  lot.    definition   of 10 

yard,   depth,   how  measured 14 

minimum  size  of 15 

street-to-street  lot  15 

Recess,    from     court,    yard    or    street; 

open   to  sky 21 

from    room   not   to   exceed   25   square 

feet    unless 26 

Reception,    amusement    room,    ventila- 


65 


tion   of    -' 

room,    window   area   ^':' 

Recording  notice   '^ 

Repealing    clause °° 

Roller    towel   forbidden 'i 

Roof,  to  be  waterproof  and  drained 69 

Room,  added  on,  height  of  ceiling 63 

amusement,   etc.,   to  conform   to  sec- 
tion   30    26 

dining,    exhaust   system 2i 

exhaust  system  in  lieu  of  window 61 

floor  area  for  each  sleeping  person. ..  65 

guest,    definition    of 10 

egress    from .- 41 

90  square  feet  floor  area 26 

7   feet  wide  9   feet   high 26 

heretofore  constructed,  window  open- 
ing      64 

not  to  be  subdivided  by  curtain,  etc.  26 

old  paper  and  calsomine  removed 68 

reception,    etc.,     exhaust    system 27 

when  used  for  sleeping 30 

walls  to  be  clean 67 

when  floor  to  be  ratproofed 65 

when   walls  to  be   light  colored 67 

which  to  have  windows 27 

Sanitation     3 

of  hotel  and  lot '^ 

Scuttle,  in  hotels  heretofore  erected 47 

over  public  hallway 47 

size  of -;— - fj 

Semiflreproof  hotel,  definition  of 10 

stairways  in   and  width 42 

Service  of  notice  or  order 83 

Sewer,     hotel    to    be     connected    with, 

when    ^1 

Shall,   is  mandatory  10 

Shower,    how    many   in    dormitory W 

Shower-bath,    one    for    each   ten    guest 

rooms    ■• ^» 

prior  erected  building,  number  of 3b 

Side  yard,   width  of 18 

Sink,    number  in  a  dormitory 62 

of  wood  forbidden.. 40 

woodwork   to   be   removed 40 

Skylight,   over   elevator   shafts : 56 

over  public  hallway;  size  of 31 

over  stairway 32 

when  omitted  over  stairway 3Z 

Sleeping,  floor  area  for  each  person 6.5 

Slop-sink,    one    on    each    floor;    water- 

proofed  |^ 

in  prior  erected  building 3b 

room,   area  of   window -9 

Stable,  forbidden  within  20  feet  of  win- 
dow      ]^^ 

on  premises  forbidden  75 

Stairway    41 

access   to,    where   placed   44 

carried  to  roof  when 47 

depth  of  landing,  width  of  treads 45 

direct  ground  floor  to  top  story 55 

no  closet  under  wooden 46 

not  to  be   removed 4 

not  to  end  in  boiler  room 44 

number  of,  how  computed 43 

number,    width 42 

one   side  only  of  elevator  shaft 44 

outside,    to    basement,    cellar 42 

over  steam  boiler,  gas  furnace,  when  44 

penthouse  over  47 

rise   of;   run  of;    head   room 45 

scuttle  over,   when   47 

skylight  over  -^^ 

under   side,    soffits,   outside  stringers, 

fireproofed     45 

width,   how   measured   45 

width  of  hallway,  landing,  corridor....  48 

with   stairwell   32 

when  fire  escape  counted  as 50 

when  two  handrails 45 

Standpipe,    size   of   inlet   and  outlet 55 

when,   how   many,    size 55 

Statutes,  inconsistent  herewith  repealed  85 


Street,    definition    of    10 

measurement  of  width 1^ 

Storage,  articles  forbidden <4 

Summons,   how   served   84 

Title  of  act  1 

Title  to  property,  notice  of  change  filed  80 

Towel,    public,    is    forbidden 73 

Turkish    bath,    definition    of 10 

when  windows  dispensed  with ^7 

Urinal,  at  least  one  to  a  dormitory b^ 

Vent    shaft,    door    or    window    at    hot-  ^^ 

tom   20,  0/ 

door   and   windows   fireproofed 57 

fireproofing    walls    |' 

graed,    drained,    paved oj 

minimum    size    of ^' 

pipes   may  be  placed  in ^^ 

size  of  intake:  fireproof  ducts oji 

walls    to    be    light   color .-■ ^' 

water-closet,    shower,   bath,   toilet   or 
slop    sink    room    window    may    open 

on    " ■■ „!j 

Ventilation,    exhaust  system   of bi 

Ventilator,    over   elevator   shaft 5b 

Violation    a    misdemeanor •-  ^ 

procedure    on    -- --• ",   ii 

Wash  trays  of  wood  forbidden..  40 

Water,    hotel    heretofore   erected ^» 

plumbing  fixtures  to  have i' 

Water-closet,   area   of  window ^9 

exhaust  system  in  lieu  of  window bl 

in   dormitory    ■■■ ^^ 

materials   of  walls  and  floor ^^ 

not  to  be  used  for  sleeping  in bb 

not  to  open  on   kitchen  or  storeroom  33 

one  for  each  twenty  employees 6S 

prior   erected   hotel   or   lodging  house  34 
36  inches  wide,   7     feet  6  inches  high  26 

to  have  full  door,  lock  and  bolt 3d 

two   on    each   haflway 3i 

where    no    running    water d» 

window  may  open  on  vent  shatt...... ..  j( 

wooden   seats  varnished  or  enameled  40 

woodwork  painted  light  color 40 

wodwork  to  be  removed *" 

Window,  area  of  ; ,-. ''^ 

area   for   amusement,   reception,   dm- 

ing  room   ^" 

area  of,   for  slop-sink  room ^a 

area   for   water-closet   ^^ 

for  bathroom,  area  of -■-•-  f^ 

exhaust  system  in  place  of <57,  bl 

in   elevator  shaft.. .- "J 

in  public  hallway;   size  of -■  ••-  ^^ 

in    sleeping    room    heretofore    erected  b4 
no  to  open   to  paint  or  oil  storeroom  75 

on   what   to  open  -  ■■ ^!. 

opening  from   garage  to  house bu 

opening   on  fire   escape °^ 

to  open  in  all   parts ■'' 

to    water-closet,    bath,    toilet   or   slop 
sink  room   may  open  on  vent  shatt...  ^i 

what   rooms   must    have .^- ^' 

when  may  open   through  porches it 

when  screened  and  how '0 

Wooden    hotel,    definition 1'^' 

height    limit    --•-.• 2» 

width  and  number  of  stairways 4^ 

Yard,   definition   of   f" 

front,   definition  of   ■•■  •'" 

excavated    below    curb    or    ground 

level -• V ii 

not   to  serve  two  hotels,  unless., li 

rear,  bounded  by  outer  court lo 

definition  of  :}" 

how    measured    |; 

minimum   size  of  |^ 

street  may  be  included  m i» 

to  have  passageway  to  street lb 

side,    definition    of :}" 

width    of    - r-  it 

street-to-street  lot ■-- Jo 

to  be  graded  and  drained;  paved b9 

what  may  extend  into ■•■" 


66 


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167 


State  Dwelling  House  Act — 1917 


An  act  to  regulate  the  construction,  re- 
construction, moving,  alteration,  main- 
tenance, use  and  occupancy  of  dwell- 
ings, and  the  maintenance,  use  and 
occupancy  of  the  premises  and  land  on 
which  dwellings  are  erected  or  located, 
in  incorporated  towns,  incorporated 
cities,  and  incorporated  cities  and 
counties,  and  to  provide  penalties  for 
the   violation    thereof. 

[Approved    >ray  31.    1917.] 
The    people   of  the   State   of   California   do 
enact    as    follows: 

APPLICATION    OF    ACT. 
Section    1.      This  act  .shall   be   known  a.s 
the    "state    dwelling    house    act,"    and    its 
provisions     shall     apply     to     incorporated 
towns,    incorporated   cities,    and   incorpor- 
ated cities  and  counties  of  this  state. 
ENFORCEMENT. 
Sec.    2.      It    shall    be    the    duty    of    the 
"building  department"   of  every  incorpor- 
ated  town,    incorporated    city,    and    incor- 
porated   city    and    county,    to    enforce    all 
the    provisions    of    this    act    pertaining    to 
the  erection,  construction,  reconstruction, 
moving,     conversion,     alteration    and    ar- 
rangement   of    dwellings. 

It  shall  be  the  duty  of  the  "housing 
department"  of  every  incorporated  town, 
incorporated  city,  and  incorporated  cit>' 
and  county,  to  enforce  all  the  provisions 
of  this  act  pertaining  to  the  maintenance, 
sanitation,  ventilation,  use  and  occupancy 
of  dwellings  after  said  dwellings  have 
been  erected,  constructed  or  altered,  as 
the  case  may  be. 

In  the  event  that  there  is  no  building 
department  or  no  housing  department  in 
an  incorporated  town,  incorporated  city, 
or  incorporated  city  and  coimty,  it  shall 
be  the  duty  of  the  officer  or  officers  who 
are  charged  with  the  enforcement  of 
oi'dinances  and  laws  regulating  the  erec- 
tion, construction  or  alteration  of  build- 
ings, or  the  maintenance,  sanitation, 
ventilation  or  occupancy  of  buildings,  or 
of  the  police.  Are  or  health  regulation.s 
in  said  incorporated  town,  incorporated 
city,  or  incorporated  city  and  coimty,  to 
enforce   all   the   provisions   of   this   act. 

EVery  incorporated  town,  incorporated 
city,  or  incorporated  city  and  county  in 
the  State  of  California  .shall  have,  and 
it  is  hereby  empowered  and  given  au- 
thority to  designate  and  charge  by  ordi- 
nance any  other  department  or  officer 
than  the  department  or  officers  mentioned 
herein,  with  the  enforcement  of  this  act, 
or    any    portion    thereof. 

The  commission  of  immigration  and 
hou.sing  of  California  .«hall  have,  and  it 
is  hereby  empowered  and  given  authorit>' 
to  enforce  the  prtjvisions  of  this  act, 
which  do  not  pertain  to  the  actual  erec- 
tion, construction,  reconstruction,  mov- 
ing, alteration  or  arrangement  of  dwell- 
ings in  all  incorporated  towns,  incor- 
porated cities,  and  incorporated  cities  and 
counties,  in  the  State  of  California,  when- 
ever said  commi.=.«ion  tinds  or  discovers  a 


violation  or  violations  of  the  provisions  of 
this  act  and  notifies  the  local  department 
or  officer,  or  departments  or  officers  who 
are  charged  with  the  enforcement  of  the 
provisions  of  this  act,  in  writing,  of  sucli 
violation  or  violations,  and  the  said  local 
department  or  officer,  or  departments  or 
officers,  fail,  neglect  or  refuse  to  enforce 
the  provisions  of  the  .said  act  within 
thirty  days  thereafter;  provided,  however, 
that  the  said  commission  of  immigration 
and  housing  of  California  shall  enforce 
the  provisions  of  this  act  only  in  the 
instances  specified  in  said  written  no- 
tice. 

UNLAWFUL  TO  VIOLATE. 

Sec.  3.  It  shall  be  unlawful  for  any 
person,  firm  or  corporation,  whether  as 
owner,  agent,  contractor,  builder,  archi- 
tect, engineer,  superintendent,  foreman, 
plumber,  tenant,  lessee,  lessor,  occupant. 
or  in  any  other  capacity  whatsoever,  to 
erect,  construct,  reconstruct,  alter,  build 
upon,  move,  convert,  use,  occupy  or  main- 
tain, or  to  cause,  permit  or  suffer  to  be 
erected,  constructed,  reconstructed,  al- 
tered, built  upon,  moved,  converted,  used, 
occupied  or  maintained  any  dwelling  or 
any  portion  thereof  contrary  to  the  pro- 
visions of  this  act,  or  to  commit  or  main- 
tain or  cause  or  permit  to  be  committed 
or  maintained  any  nuisance  in  or  upon 
any  dwelling  or  any  portion  thereof,  or 
any  of  the  premises,  which  are  a  part 
thereof,  or  which  are  required  by  the 
provisions  of  this  act:  or  to  do  or  to 
cause  to  be  done,  or  to  use  or  cause  to 
be  used,  any  privy,  sewer,  cesspool, 
plumbing  oi-  house  drainage  affecting  the 
sanitary  condition  of  any  dwelling  or  any 
portion  thereof,  or  of  the  premises  there- 
of, contrary  to  any  of  the  provisions  of 
this   act. 

UNLAWFUL    TO    ALTER    OLD 
BUILDINGS. 

Sec.  4.  It  shall  be  unlawful  for  any 
person  to  make  any  alterations  or  changes 
of  any  kind  whatsoever,  to  any  dwelling 
erected  prior  to  the  passage  of  this  act, 
or  to  any  dwelling  hereafter  erected,  in 
any  mannei-  which  would  be  inconsistent 
with  any  of  the  provisions  of  this  act, 
or  in  violation  of  the  said  provisions  of 
this  act;  or  in  any  manner  to  diminish 
the  size  of  the  windows,  or  to  remove 
any  window  or  windows  from  the  rooms 
contrary  to  any  of  the  provisions  of  this 
act. 

BUILDINGS    CONVERTED   TO    DWELL- 
INGS  MUST  COMPLY;   BUILDINGS 
MOVED     MUST     COMPLY. 

Sec.  5.  A  building  not  erected  for,  or 
which  is  not  used  as  a  dwelling  at  the 
time  of  the  passage  of  this  act.  if  here- 
after converted  to  or  altered  for  such 
use,  shall  thereupon  become  subject  to 
all  the  provisions  of  this  act  affecting  a 
dwelling   hereafter   erected. 

A  building  used  as  a  dwelling  at  the 
time  of  the  passage  of  this  act,  if  moved. 


68 


shall  be  made  to  conform  to  all  of  the 
provisions  of  this  act  affecting  dwellings 
hereafter  erected,  in  so  far  as  they  per- 
tain  to   unoccupied  area. 

PENALTY     AND     FINE;     LEGAL     PRO- 
CEDURE. 

Sec.  6.  Any  person,  firm  or  corpora- 
tion violating-  any  of  the  provisions  of 
this  act  shall  be  deemed  guilty  of  a  mis- 
demeanor, and  upon  conviction  thereof 
shall  be  punished  by  a  fine  not  exceeding 
five  hundred  dollars,  or  by  imprisonment 
in  a  county  jail  not  exceeding  six  months, 
or    by   both    such    fine    and    imprisonment. 

Except  as  herein  otherwise  specified, 
the  procedure  for  the  prevention  of  viola- 
tions of  this  act,  for  the  vacation  of 
dwellings  or  premises  unlawfully  occu- 
pied, or  for  the  abatement  of  a  nuisance 
in  connection  with  a  dwelling  or  the 
premises  thereof,  shall  be  as  set  forth 
in  the  charter  and  ordinances  of  the 
municipality  in  which  the  procedure  is 
instituted. 

ENTRY    TO    PREMISES. 

Sec.  7.  The  department  or  departments 
charged  with  the  enforcement  of  this  act 
in  any  Incorporated  town,  incorporated 
city  or  incorporated  city  and  county,  and 
the  authorized  officers,  agents  or  em- 
ployees of  such  department  or  depart- 
ments may,  whenever  necessary,  enter 
dwellings  or  portions  thereof,  or  the 
pi-emises  thereof,  within  the  corporate 
limits  of  such  towns,  cities,  or  cities  and 
counties,  for  the  purpose  of  inspecting 
such  buildings,  in  order  to  secure  com- 
pliance with  the  provisions  of  this  act 
and   to   prevent   violations   thereof. 

The  members  of  the  commission  of 
immigration  and  housing  of  California 
and  the  agents,  officers  or  employees  of 
said  commission  may,  whenever  neces- 
sary, enter  dwellings  or  portions  thereof, 
or  the  premises  thereof,  for  the  purpose 
of  inspecting  such  buildings,  in  order  to 
secure  compliance  with  the  provisions  of 
this  act  and  to  prevent  violations  thereof. 

The  owner  or  his  authorized  agent  may, 
whenever  necessary,  enter  dwellings,  or 
portions  thereof,  or  the  premises  thereof, 
owned  by  him,  to  carry  out  any  instruc- 
tions or  to  perform  any  work  required 
to  be  done  by  the  provisions  of  this  act; 
provided,  however,  that  the  authority  to 
enter  buildings,  as  in  this  section  given 
to  the  persons  hereinbefore  enumerated, 
shall  not  be  construed  or  deemed  to  apply 
to  the  entering  of  any  such  building  be- 
tween the  hours  of  six  o'clock  p.  m.  of 
any  day  and  six  o'clock  a.  m.  of  the 
succeeding  day,  without  the  consent  of 
the  owner  or  of  the  occupants  of  such 
buildings;  but  in  no  event  shall  the  au- 
thority in  this  section  given  be  con- 
strued as  permitting-  any  of  the  persons 
hereinbefore  enumerated  to  enter  any 
such  buildings  in  the  absence  of  the  occu- 
pants thereof  without  a  proper  written 
order,  duly  executed  by  a  competent 
court  authorized   to   issue  such   orders. 

DEFINITIONS. 

Sec.  8.  For  the  purpose  of  this  act, 
certain  words  and  phrases  are  defined  as 
follows,  unless  it  shall  be  apparent  from 
their  context  that  they  have  a  different 
meaning; 

Words  used  in  the  singular  include  the 
plural,    and    the    plural,    the    singular. 

Words  used  in  the  present  tense  Include 
the    future. 


Wbrds  used  in  the  masculine  gender 
include  the  feminine,  and  the  feminine, 
the    masculine. 

Words  "building  department,"  "hous- 
ing departinent,"  "department  charged 
with  the  enforcement  of  this  act,"  shall 
be  construed  as  if  followed  by  the  words 
"of  the  incorporated  town,  incorporated 
city,  or  incorporated  city  and  county,"  as 
the  case  may  be,  in  which  the  dwelling- 
is  situated. 

"Apartment"  is  a  room  or  suite  of 
rooms  which  is  occupied,  or  is  intended 
or  designed  to  be  occupied  by  one  family 
foi-   living-   and   sleeping   purposes. 

"Basement"  is  any  store  or  portion 
thereof  partly  below  the  level  of  the 
curb  or  the  actual  adjoining  ground  level, 
the  ceiling  of  which  in  no  part  is  less 
than  seven  feet  above  the  curb  level  or 
actual  adjoining  ground  levels.  If  the 
adjoining  ground  is  excavated  to  or  below 
the  curb  level,  such  excavated  space  shall 
have  not  less  than  the  minimum  width 
and  length  required  in  this  act  for  outer 
courts. 

"Building"   is   a   dwelling. 

"Building  department"  means  the  com- 
missioner of  buildings,  superintendent  of 
buildings,  chief  inspector  of  buildings,  or 
any  officer  or  department  charged  with 
the  enforcement  of  ordinances  and  laws 
regulating  the  construction  and  altera- 
tion  of  buildings  or  structures. 

"Cellar"  is  any  story  or  portion  thereof, 
the  ceiling  of  which  is  less  than  seven 
feet  above  the  curb  level  and  actual  ad- 
joining ground   levels. 

"Curb  level"  is  the  curb  level  opposite 
the  center  of  the  front  of  lot,  and  in  the 
event  that  a  curb  has  not  been  estab- 
lished shall  be  deemed  to  be  the  average 
ground  level  at  the  front   of  lot. 

"Department."  Wherever  the  word 
"department"  is  used  it  means  the  build- 
ing department,  the  housing  department 
or  such  other  department  or  officer,  or 
departments  or  officers,  who  are  charged 
with  the  enforcement  of  the  provisions 
of  this  act. 

"Dwelling"    is  as   follows: 

(a)  Any  house  or  building,  or  any  por- 
tion thereof,  which  contains  not  more 
than  two  apartments,  or  not  more  than 
five   guest    rooms,    or, 

(b)  Any  house  or  building,  or  any  por- 
tion thereof,  not  more  than  one  story  in 
height,  which  contains  more  than  two 
apartments,   or, 

(c)  Any  house  or  building,  or  any  por- 
tion thereof,  of  more  than  one  story  and 
not  more  than  two  stories  in  height, 
which  is  designed,  built,  rented,  leased, 
let  or  hired  out  to  be  occupied,  or  is 
occupied,  as  the  home  or  residence  of 
not  more  than  four  families  (four  apart- 
ments), and  which  is  so  arranged  that 
each  of  the  said  families  live  independ- 
ently of  each  other,  and  which  building 
is  constructed  and  arranged  so  that  a 
separate  section  is  or  may  be  kept  as 
a  home  or  a  residence  of  a  separate 
family.  Each  such  section  having  an 
entirely  independent  and  separate  ent- 
rance, and  if  a  stairway  is  required,  one 
separate  stairway  leading  to  each  section 
from  the  street  or  from  an  outs'de  vesti- 
bule on  the  level  of  the  first  floor  of  said 
building,  and  with  no  room,  hallway, 
bathroom,  water-closet  or  kitchen  used 
in  common  by  two  or  more  families  oc- 
cupying   the   said   building. 


169 


"Family"  is  one  person  living  alone  or 
a  group  of  two  or  more  persons  living 
together  in  an  apartment,  whether  re- 
lated  to   each    other  by   birth    or  not. 

"Guest"  is  any  person  hiring  and  occu- 
pying a  room  for  sleeping  purposes,  and 
shall  include  both  boarders  and  lodgers. 
"Guest  room"  is  a  room  which  is  occu- 
pied, or  is  intended,  arranged  or  designed 
to  be  occupied,  for  sleeping  purposes  by 
one  or  more   guests. 

"Housing  department"  is  any  depart- 
ment or  commission  charged  with  the 
enforcement  of  ordinances  or  laws  regu- 
lating the  occupancy  and  maintenance  of 
dwelling  house  buildings;  and  where  no 
such  department  is  maintained,  shall  be 
deemed  to  be  the  health  commissioner, 
the  department  of  health,  health  officer, 
or  similar  department  charged  with  the 
enforcement  of  laws  and  ordinances  regu- 
lating the  maintenance  and  occupancy  of 
buildings  or  structures  and  of  the  health 
and    sanitary    requirements. 

"Lot"  is  a  parcel  or  area  of  land  on 
which  is  situated  a  dwelling,  together 
with  the  lar>d.  and  unoccupied  spaces  for 
such  a  dwelling,  as  required  by  this  act: 
all  of  which  land  shall  be  owned  by  or 
be  under  the  absolute  lawful  control  and 
in  the  lawful  possession  of  the  dwelling. 
"Nu'sance"  embraces  public  nuisance 
as  known  at  common  law  or  in  equity 
jurisprudence,  and  ■whatever  is  danger- 
ous to  human  life  or  detrimental  to 
health,  and  shall  also  embrace  the  over- 
crowding with  occupants  of  any  room, 
insufRc'ent  vent'lation,  or  inadequate  or 
insanitary  sewet-age  or  plumbing  facili- 
ties, or  unclennliness,  and  whatever  ren- 
de»-s  air,  food  o'-  drink  unwholesome  or 
detrimental  to  the  health  of  human  be- 
ings. 

"Person"  is  a  natural  person,  h's  heirs, 
executors,  administrators  or  assigns;  also 
includf^s  a  firm,  partnership  or  a  corpora- 
tion,  its  or  their   successors  or  assigns. 

"Shall."  Wherever  this  word  is  used 
it   shall   be  mandatory. 

"Ptroet"  is  any  public  street,  alley, 
tho»-oughfare  or  park  having  a  minimum 
width  of  sixteen  feet,  measured  from  the 
front  of  lot  to  the  onnos'te  front  of  lot, 
and  shall  Viave  been  dedicated  or  deeded 
to  the  public  for  public  use. 
BUILDINGS  TO  PE  SU  RSTANTI  ALLY 
CONSTPUCTED. 
Sec.  9.  Every  dwolling  hereafter  erected 
shall  be  constructed  in  a  sub.stantial  inan- 
ner;  and  the  building  shall  be  so  con- 
structed as  to  provide  shelter  to  the  occu- 
pants against  the  elements,  and  so  as 
to  exclude  dampness  in  inclement 
weather. 

ROOMS    IN    CELLAR    PROHIBITED. 
Sec.   10.     Tn  no  dwelling  shall   any  room 
in  the  cellar  be  constructed,  altered,   con- 
ve'-ted   or   occupied   for   livin.g   or   sleeping 
puroosrs. 

ROOMS  IN  BASEMENT:  BASEMENT 
CONSTRUCTION. 
Sec.  11.  In  no  dwelling  shall  any  room 
in  the  basement  be  constructed,  altered, 
converted  or  occupied  for  living  purposes 
unless  it  conforms  to  all  of  the  require- 
ments of  th's  act  for  rooms  in  other  parts 
of  the  building,  and  that  the  ceiling  of 
each  room  be  in  all  parts  not  less  than 
seven  feet  above  the  adjoining  ground 
levels. 

All    the    walls    below    the    ground    level 


and  the  floors  of  such  a  basement  shall 
be  dampproofed  and  waterproofed.  Such 
dampproofing  and  waterproofing  shall  run 
through  the  walls  and  up  as  high  as 
the  ground  level  and  continue  through- 
out  the   floor. 

Every  basement  in  such  buildings  shall 
be    illuminated   and   ventilated. 

VENTILATED  SPACE  UNDER 
BUILDINGS, 
Sec.  12,  In  every  dwelling  hereafter 
erected  there  shall  be  provided  a  clear  air 
space  under  the  lowest  floor  thereof  of 
at  least  six  inches,  except  where  there 
is  a  ventilated  basement  or  cellar  under- 
neath such  floor,  which  clear  air  space 
shall  be  enclosed  and  provided  with  a 
suflftcient  number  of  openings  with  re- 
movable screens,  or  similar  provisions,  of 
a  size  to  insure  ample  ventilation.  The 
surface  underneath  the  floor  shall  be 
kept  dry,  drained,  clean  and  free  from 
any  accumulation  of  rubbish,  debris  or 
filth. 

The  provisions  of  this  section  shall  not 
be  deemed  to  apply  to  ma.sonry  floors  laid 
directly  on  the  soil,  nor  to  any  self-sup- 
porting  masonry   floor. 

AREA,       WIDTH        AND       HEIGHT       OF 

ROOMS,      WIDTH      AND      HEIGHT 

OF  TOILET  COMPARTMENTS. 

Sec.    13.      In    every    dwelling    hereafter 

erected,    every    room    used    for    living    or 

sleeping    purposes    shall    contain    at    least 

ninety    square     feet     of    superficial    floor 

area. 

Every  such  room  shall  at  every  point 
be  not  less  than  seven  feet,  in  width,  nor 
less  than  eight  feet  in  height  measured 
from  the  finished  floor  to  the  finished  ceil- 
ing; except  that  attic  rooms  and  rooms 
where  sloping  ceilings  occur  need  be 
eight  feet  in  height  in  but  one-half  the 
area  of  the  room. 

Every  water-closet  compartment  shall 
be  not  "less  than  thirty-six  inches  in  width 
and  every  such  compartment  and  bath 
or  shower  compartment  shall  have  a 
height  of  not  less  than  seven  feet  six 
inches  measured  frotn  the  finished  floor 
to   the  finished    ceiling. 

WINDOWS.  COURTS.  CORNICES.  VENT 
SHAFTS.  WINDOWS  ON  PORCHES. 
Sec.  14.  In  every  dwelling  hereafter 
erected,  every  room  used  for  living  or 
sleeping  purposes  and  every  kitchen, 
water-closet  compartment,  shower  or 
bathroom,  shall  have  at  least  one  window, 
of  the  area  fixed  by  this  act,  opening 
directly  upon  a  street,  or  upon  unoccu- 
pied area  not  less  than  four  in  its  least 
dimension  and  containing  an  area  of  not 
less  than  thirty-six  square  feet,  and  lo- 
cated  on   the   same   lot. 

A  cornice  may  extend  into  the  unoccu- 
pied area  two  inches  for  each  one  foot  in 
width    of    such    unoccupied    area. 

Windows  herein  required  sh.nll  be  lo- 
cated so  as  properly  to  light  all  portions 
of  the  room,  and  .shall  be  made  so  as  to 
open  in  all  parts  and  so  arranged  that 
at  least  one-half  of  the  window  may  be 
opened  unobstructed;  provided,  however, 
that  the  windows  required  by  this  sec- 
tion in  a  water-closet  compartment  or 
bath  or  shower  room  may  be  opened 
directly  into  a  vent  shaft,  such  vent 
shaft  to  be  in  no  dimension  less  than 
eiehteen  inches;  provided,  further,  that 
windows  required  to  open  onto  a  street 
or     onto      unoccupied     area     may      open 


70 


throus'h  porches,  provided  that  the  said 
porches  do  not  exceed  seven  feet  in  depth, 
measured  at  right  angles  to  the  windows 
and  that  at  least  seventy-flve  per  cent 
of  the  entire  side  of  the  porch,  bounded 
by  the  street  or  unoccupied  area  is  left 
open,  except  that  the  open  space  may  be 
enclosed   with   mosquito   screens. 

WINDOW     AREA      REQUIRED      FOR 
ROOMS. 

Sec.  15.  In  every  dwelling  hereafter 
erected  the  total  window  area  in  each 
room  used  for  living  or  sleeping  purposes 
shall  be  at  least  one-eighth  of  the  super- 
ficial  floor  area  of   the  room. 

All     measurements     for     window     area 
shall    be    taken    to    outside   of   sash. 
WINDOW     AREA     FOR     TOILETS     AND 
BATHROOMS. 

Sec.  16.  In  every  dwelling  hereafter 
erected  the  window  area  in  a  water-closet 
compartment  or  bathroom  shall  be  not 
less   than   three   square   feet. 

TOILETS    REQUIRED. 

Sec.      17.       Every      dwelling      hereafter 
erected  shall  be  provided  with  one  water- 
closet    for    each    familv    living    therein. 
RUNNING        WATER        IS        REQUIRED. 
PLUMBING     CONNECTED     TO 
SEWER    OR    CESSPOOL. 

Sec.  18.  In  every  dwelling  hereafter 
erected  every  plumbing  fixture  shall  be 
provided   with    running    water. 

Every  plumbing  fixture  affecting  the 
sanitary  drainage  system  in  dwellings 
hereafter  erected  shall  be  properly  con- 
nected with  the  street  sewer,  if  a  street 
sewer  exists  in  the  street  abutting  the 
lot  on  which  the  building  is  located  and 
is  ready  to  receive  connections.  When 
it  is  imparticable  to  connect  such  plumb- 
ing fixtures  with  a  street  sewer,  then  the 
plumbing  fixtures  shall  be  connected  and 
drained  into  a  cesspool  constructed  satis- 
factorily to  the  department  charged  with 
the  enforcement  of  this  act;  or  some 
other  means  of  sewage  disposal  satisfac- 
tory to  the  department  charged  with  the 
enforcement  of  this  act  may  be  made 
until  such  time  as  it  may  become  prac- 
ticable and  possible  to  connect  with  the 
street    sewer. 

WHEN     PLUMBING     NOT     REQUIRED. 
PRIVY    REQUIRED. 

Sec.  19.  Water-closets,  baths,  showers, 
sinks,  slop-sinks,  faucets  and  other 
plumbing  fixtures  required  by  -this  act 
need  not  be  installed  in  the  event  that 
the  dwelling  hereafter  erected,  or  an 
existing  dwelling,  as  the  case  may  be, 
is  situated  where  there  is  no  running 
water  and  where  there  is  no  practical 
means  of  sewage  disposal,  until  such 
time  as  it  becomes  practicable  and  possi- 
ble to  obtain  running  water  and  means 
of  sewage  disposal;  provided,  in  every 
such  case  the  department  charged  with 
the  enforcement  of  this  act  shall  decide 
whether  or  not  it  is  practicable  and 
possible  to  provide  running  water,  or 
proper  means  of  sewage  disposal;  pro- 
vided, further,  that  proper  toilet  facili- 
ties shall  be  provided  for  the  use  of  the 
occupants  of  such  building.  Such  facili- 
ties shall  be  made  sanitary.  A  privy,  or 
toilet  other  than  a  water-closet,  erected 
undeT-  the  authority  of  this  section  shall 
consist  of  a  pit  at  least  three  feet  deep, 
with  suitable  shelter  over  the  same  to 
afford  privacy  and  protection  from  the 
elements.  The  openings  of  the  shelter 
and    pit   shall   be    enclosed  by   fly   screen- 


ing, and  the  door  to  the  shelter  shall  be 
made  to  close  automatically,  by  means 
of  a  spring  or  other  device.  No  privy 
pit  shall  be  allowed  to  become  filled  with 
excreta  to  nearer  than  one  foot  from  the 
surface  of  the  ground,  and  the  excreta 
in  the  pit  shall  be  covered  with  earth, 
ashes,  lime  or  similar  substances  at  reg- 
idai'  intervals. 

PLUMBING    CONSTRUCTION    AND    MA- 
TERIALS.      PLUMBING     FIXTURES 

NOT  ENCLOSED. 
Sec.  20.  In  every  dwelling  hereafter 
erected,  and  in  every  dwelling  now  exist- 
ing, all  plumbing  fixtures  shall  be  prop- 
erly trapped  and  vented  and  all  such 
plumbing  made  sanitary  in  every  par- 
ticular. Water-closets  hereafter  installed 
shall  have  earthenware  bowls  and  shall 
have  earthenware  seats,  or  seats  made  of 
some  non -absorbent  material  integral 
with  the  bowls,  or  wooden  seats,  enam- 
eled or  varnished  or  otherwise  made  non- 
absorbent,  attached  directly  to  the  bowls. 
All  connections  shall  be  of  standard  lead, 
iron,  steel  or  brass. 

No  plumbing  fixtures  shall  be  enclosed 
with  woodwork,  but  the  space  under  and 
around  the  same  must  be  left  entirely 
open. 

COOKING  AND  SLEEPING  IN  CERTAIN 

ROOMS  PROHIBITED.   FLOOR 

AREA  REQUIRED  IN  ROOMS 

FOR  EACH  OCCUPANT. 

Sec.  21.  It  shall  be  unlawful  for  any 
person  to  cook  or  to  piepare  food,  or  to 
permit  or  suffer  any  person  to  cook  or  to 
prepare  food  in  any  bath,  shower,  slop- 
sink  or  water-closet  compartment,  or  in 
any  other  place  in  the  building  which,  in 
the  judgment  of  the  department  char^-ed 
with  the  enforcement  of  this  act,  is  detl'i- 
inental  to  the  proper  sanitation  of  such 
building. 

It  shall  be  unlawful  for  any  person  to 
live  or  sleep,  or  to  permit  or  suffer  any 
person  to  live  or  sleep,  in  any  cellar,  bath, 
shower  or  slop-sink  room,  water-closet 
compartment,  hallway,  closet  or  kitchen, 
or  in  any  other  place  which,  in  the  judg- 
ment of  the  department  charged  with  the 
enforcement  of  this  act,  would  be  danger- 
ous or  prejudicial  to  life  or  health  by 
reason  of  want  of  light,  windows,  ventila- 
tion, drainage,  or  on  account  of  damp- 
ness, offensive,  obnoxious  or  poisonou.s 
odors,  or  in  any  room  that  shall  be  so 
overcrowded  as  to  afford  less  than  the 
following  floor  space  for'  each  occupant 
in  accordance  with  the  age  of  the  said 
occupant: 

Number  of  Number  of 

persons  over  persons  under  Superficial 

12  years  of  12  years  of     floor  area 

age  age               required 

1    2  60  sq.  feet 

2    4  120  sq.  feet 

3    6  180  sq.  feet 

4    8  240  sq.  feet 

5    10  300  sq.  feet 

6    12  360  sq.  feet 

Additional  floor  area  in  the  same  ratio 
shall  be  provided  for  additional  persons. 
REPAPERING,  CALCIMINING,  ETC.,  OF 
WALLS   OF    ROOMS. 

Sec.  22.  No  wall,  partition  or  ceiling 
of  any  room  in  any  dwelling  shall  be  re- 
papered,    calcimined,    or   have    any    other 


71 


covering  placed  thereupon  unless  the  old 
wall  paper  or  other  covering  shall  have 
first  been  removed  therefrom,  and  the 
said  wall,  partition  or  ceiling  cleaned, 
disinfected  and  freed  froin  bugs,  insects 
or   vermin. 

DWELLINGS     MAINTAINED     IN     GOOD 

REPAIR.       PLUMBING     KEPT 

SANITARY. 

Sec.  23.  Every  dwelling  shall  be  main- 
tained in  good  repair.  The  roofs  shall 
be  kept  waterproof  and  all  storm  or 
casual  water  properly  drained  and  con- 
veyed therefrom  to  the  street  sewer, 
storm  sewer,  storm  drain  or  street  gutter. 

Every  water-closet,  bathtub,  sink,  slop- 
hopper  or  other  similar  plumbing  fixture 
shall  at  all  times  be  kept  clean,  sanitary 
and  in   good   working  order. 

MOSQUITO     SCREENS     REQUIRED. 

Sec.  24.  There  shall  be  provided,  when- 
ever it  is  deemed  necessary  for  the  health 
of  the  occupants  of  any  dwelling  or  for 
the  proper  sanitation  or  cleanliness  of 
any  such  building,  metal  mosquito  screen- 
ing of  at  least  sixteen  mesh,  set  in  tight- 
fitting  removable  sash,  for  each  exterior 
door,  window  or  other  opening  in  the 
exterior    walls    of    the    building. 

GARBAGE     RECEPTACLES. 

Sec.  2r.  I'j  e  e  sI'um  oe  p  ov.ried  hv  the 
occupant  or  tenant  for  each  dwelling  a 
tight  metal  receptacle,  with  close-fitting 
metal  cover,  for  garbage,  refuse,  ashes 
and  rubbish  as  may  be  deemed  necessary 
by  the  department  charged  with  the 
enforcement  of  this  act.  The  receptacles 
shall  be  kept  in  a  clean  condition  by  the 
occupants   or   tenants. 

PREMISES       AND       PLUMBING       KEPT 
CLEAN     AND    SANITARY. 

Sec.  26.  Every  roorh,  hallway,  passage- 
way, stairway,  wall,  partition,  ceiling, 
floor,  skylight,  glass  window,  door,  carpet, 
rug,  matting,  window  curtain,  water- 
closet  compartment  or  room,  toilet  room, 
bathroom,  slop-sink  or  wash-room, 
plumbing  fixture,  drain,  roof,  closet,  cel- 
lar, or  basement  in  any  dwelling,  and  the 
lot,  and  the  premises  thereof,  shall  be 
kept  in  every  part  clean  and  sanitary 
and  free  f'-om  all  accumulation  ot  (ieb  is, 
filth,  rubbish,  garbage  or  other  offensive 
matter. 

No  person  shall  deposit,  or  cause  or 
permit  any  person  to  deposit,  any  swill, 
garbage,  bottles,  ashes,  cans  or  other  im- 
proper substance  in  any  water-closet, 
sink,  slop-hopper,  bathtub,  shower,  catch- 
basin,  or  in  any  plumbing  fixture  connec- 
tion or  drain  therefrom,  or  otherwise  to 
obstruct  the  same;  or  to  place  or  cause 
or  permit  to  be  placed  any  filth,  urine  or 
other  foul  matter  in  any  place  other  than 
the  place  provided  for  same;  or  to  keep 
or  cause  or  permit'  to  be  kept  any  urine 
or  filth  or  foul  matter  in  any  room  or 
apartment  't^  "nv  dwi'Tnc-  o--  '"••  o  ph^ni 
the  said  building  or  premises  thereof  for 
such  length  of  time  as  to  create  a  nui- 
sance. 

ANIMALS     PROHIBITED. 

Sec.  27.  No  horse,  cow,  calf,  swine, 
sheep,  goat,  rabbit,  mule  or  other  animal, 
chicken,  pigeon,  goose,  duck,  or  other 
poultry  shall  ho  Uoni  'n  ;inv  H^-o  lin^ 
house  or  any  part  thereof;  nor  shall  any 
such  animal  or  poultry,  nor  shall  any 
stable,  be  kept  or  maintained  within 
twenty  feet  of  any  window  or  door  of 
such   building. 


PROSECUTIONS    FOR   VIOLATIONS. 

Sec.  28.  In  case  any  dwelling,  or  any 
part  theieof,  is  constructed,  altered,  con- 
verted or  maintained  in  violation  of  any 
provisions  of  this  act  or  of  any  order  or 
notice  of  the  department  charged  with 
its  enforcement,  or  in  case  a  nuisance 
exists  in  any  such  dwelling  or  building  or 
stiucture  or  upon  the  lot  on  which  it  is 
situated,  said  department  may  institute 
any  appropriate  action  or  proceeding  to 
prevent  such  unlawiul  consL.  u.  ton,  alter- 
ation, conversion  or  maintenance,  to  re- 
strain, correct  or  abate  such  violation  or 
nuisance,  to  prevent  the  occupation  of 
said  dwelling,  building  or  structure,  to 
prevent  any  illegal  act,  conduct  of  busi- 
ness in  or  about  such  dwelling  or  lot. 
In  any  such  action  or  proceeding  said 
department  may,  by  affidavit  setting 
forth  the  facts,  apply  to  the  superior 
court,  or  to  any  judge  thereof,  for  an 
order  granting  the  relief  for  which  said 
action  or  proceeding  is  brought,  or  for 
an  order  enjoining  all  persons  from  do- 
ing or  permitting  to  be  done  any  work 
in  or  about  such  dwelling,  building, 
.structure  or  lot,  or  fiom  occupying  or 
using  the  same  for  any  purpose,  until 
the  entry  of  final  judgment  or  order.  In 
case  any  notice  or  order  issued  by  said 
department  is  not  complied  with,  said  de- 
partment may  apply  to  the  superior  court, 
or  to  any  judge  thereof,  for  an  order 
authorizing  said  department  to  execute 
and  carry  out  the  provisions  of  said  no- 
tice or  order,  to  remove  any  violation 
specified  in  said  order  or  notice,  or  to 
abate  any  nuisance  in  or  about  such 
dwelling,  building  or  structure,  or  the 
lot  upon  which  it  is  situated.  The  court, 
or  any  judge  thereof,  is  hereby  author- 
ized to  make  any  order  specified  in  this 
section.  In  no  case  shall  the  said  de- 
partment, or  any  officer  thereof,  or  the 
municipal  corporation,  be  liable  for  costs 
in  any  action  or  proceeding  that  may  be 
commenced  in  pursuance  of  this  act. 
FINES    BECOME    LIENS. 

Sec.  29.  Every  fine  imposed  by  Judg- 
ment under  section  six  of  this  act  upon 
a  dwelling  owner  shall  be  a  lien  upon 
the  house  in  relation  to  which  the  fine  is 
imposed,  from  the  time  of  the  filing  of 
a  certified  copy  of  said  judgment  in  the 
office  of  the  recorder  of  the  county  in 
which  said  dwelling  is  situated,  subject 
only  to  taxes  and  assessments  and  water 
rates,  and  to  such  mortgage  and  me- 
chanics' liens  as  may  exist  thereon  prior 
to  such  filing;  and  it  shall  be  the  duty 
of  the  department  charged  with  the  en- 
forcement of  the  provisions  of  this  act, 
upon  the  entry  of  such  judgment,  to  file 
forthwith  the  copy  as  aforesaid,  and  such 
conv  unon  fil'nsr  .=V>"'1  ho  f'>  ■th-.'-tii  jp. 
dexed  by  the  recorder  in  the  index  of 
mechanics'   liens. 

LEGAL     PROCEDURE     IN     PROSECU- 
TIONS. 

P^r.  :?o.  In  any  act'on  or  proceeding 
Instituted  by  the  department  charged  ( 
with  the  enforcement  of  this  act,  the 
plaintiff  or  petitioner  may  file,  in  the 
county  recorder's  office  of  the  county 
where  the  property  affected  by  such  ac- 
tion or  proceeding  is  situated,  a  notice 
of  the  pendency  of  such  action  or  pro- 
ceeding. Said  notice  may  be  filed  at  the 
time  of  the  commencement  of  the  action 
or  proceeding,  or  at  any  time  afterwards 


72 


before  final  judgment  or  order,  or  at 
any  time  after  the  service  of  any  notice 
or  order  issued  by  said  department.  Such 
notice  shall  have  the  same  force  and  ef- 
fect as  the  notice  of  pendency  of  action 
provided  for  in  the  Code  of  Civil  Pro- 
cedure. Each  county  recorder  with  whom 
such  notice  is  filed  shall  record  it  and 
shall  index  it  in  the  name  of  each  person 
specified  in  a  direction  subscribed  by  an 
officer  of  the  department  instituting  such 
action  or  proceeding.  Any  such  notice 
may  be  vacated  upon  the  order  of  a  judge 
of  the  court  in  which  such  action  or  pro- 
ceeding was  instituted  or  is  pending.  The 
recorder  of  the  county  where  such  notice 
is  filed  is  hereby  directed  to  mark  sucn 
notice  and  any  record  or  docket  thereof 
as  canceled  of  record,  upon  the  presenta- 
tion and  filing  of  a  certified  copy  of  such 
order. 
FIVE     DAYS'     NOTICE    TO     BE    GIVEN. 

Sec.  31.  Every  notice  or  order  in  rela- 
tion to  a  dwelling  shall  be  served  five 
days  before  the  time  for  doing  the  thing 
in  relation  to  which  it  shall  have  been 
issued. 

SERVICE    OF    SUMMONS    IN    PROSECU- 
TIONS. 

Sec.  32.  In  any  action  brought  by  any 
department  charged  with  the  enforcement 
of  this  act  in  relation  to  a  dwelling  for 
injunction,  vacation  of  the  premises  or 
other  abatement  of  nuisance,  or  to  estab- 
lish a  lien  thereon,  it  shall  be  sufficient 
service  of  summons  to  serve  the  same  as 
notices  and  orders  are  served  under  the 
provisions  of  the  Code  of  Civil  Procedure. 

PROVISIONS    OF    ACT    ARE     MINIMUM 
REQUIREMENTS.      REPEAL       OF 
CONFLICTING    LAWS.      ADDI- 
TIONAL   REQUIREMENTS 
MAY    BE    IMPOSED. 
Sec.    33.      The    provisions    of    this    act 
shall  be  held  to  be  the  minimum  require- 
ments   adopted    for    the    protection,     the 
health    and    the    safety    of    the    occupants 
of    dwellings.      Nothing    in    this    act    con- 
tained  shall    be   construed   as   prohibiting 
the    local    legislative    body    of    any    incor- 
porated town,  incorporated  city,  or  incor- 
porated   city    and    county,    from    enacting 
from    time    to    time,    supplementary   ordi- 
nances or  laws   imposing  further  restric- 
tions, or  providing  for  fees  to  be  charged 


for  permits,  certificates  or  other  papers 
I'equired  by  this  act;  but  no  ordinance, 
law,  regulation  or  ruling  of  any  munici- 
pal department,  authority,  officer  or  offi- 
cers, shall  repeal,  amend,  modify  or  dis- 
pense with  any  of  the  provisions  of  this 
act. 

All  statutes  of  the  state  and  all  ordi- 
nances of  incorporated  towns,  incorpor- 
ated cities,  and  incorporated  cities  and 
counties,  as  far  as  inconsistent  with  the 
provisions  of  this  act,  are  hereby  re- 
pealed; provided,  that  nothing  in  this  act 
contained  shall  be  construed  as  repealing 
or  abrogating  any  present  ordinance  or 
law  of  any  incorporated  town,  incor- 
porated city,  or  incorporated  city  and 
county,  in  the  state  which  further  re- 
stricts the  percentage  of  the  lot  to  be 
covered  by  a  dwelling,  the  occupation 
thereof,  the  materials  to  be  used  in  its 
construction,  or  increasing  the  floor  space 
to  each  person  occupying  a  room,  the 
requirements  as  to  sanitation,  ventilation, 
light    and    protection    against    fire. 

Nothing  in  this  act  contained  shall  be 
construed  as  abrogating,  diminishing, 
minimizing  or  denying  the  power  of  any 
incorporated  town,  incorporated  city,  or 
incorporated  city  and  county,  by  ordi- 
nance or  law,  to  further  restrict  the  per- 
centage of  the  lot  to  be  covered  by  a 
dwelling  within  said  municipality,  the 
occupation  thereof,  the  materials  to  be 
used  in  its  construction,  or  increasing  the 
floor  space  to  each  person  occupying  a 
room,  the  requirements  as  to  sanitation, 
ventilation,  light  and  protection  against 
fire. 
LEGAL    DECISIONS    AS   TO    VALIDITY. 

Sec.  34.  If  any  section,  .'lub.section. 
sentence,  clause  or  phrase  of  this  act  is 
for  any  reason  held  to  be  unconstitu- 
tional, such  decision  shall  not  affect  the 
validity  of  the  remaining  portions  of  this 
act.  The  legislature  hereby  declares  that 
it  would  have  passed  this  act,  and  each 
section,  subsection,  sentence,  clause,  and 
phrase  thereof,  irrespective  of  the  fact 
that  any  one  or  more  sections,  subsec- 
tions, sentences,  clauses,  or  phrases  be 
declared    unconstitutional. 

WHEN     EFFECTIVE. 

Sec.  35.  This  act  shall  take  effect  and 
be  in  force  from  and  after  September  1, 
1917. 


GEO.   HEPBURN. 

Manager                                                 PHONE 

SOUTH   6065  J 

HEPBURN  MILL  CO. 

Manufacturers    of 

Detail 

C. 

c. 

Sash,   Doors,   Screens  and  Screen 

Doors 

176 

EAST  SLAUSON  AVE.,   LOS  ANGELES, 

CAL. 

73 


State  Dw^elling  House  Act  Inclex 


Act- 
Applies  to  towns  and  cities 1 

By  whom  administered  „ _ 2 

Decisions   as    to   validity 34 

Effective   Sept.    1,    1917 _ 35 

Alteration    of   old    buildings 4 

Animals,    keeping    of 27 

Apartment,   definition   8 

Area  of  rooms 13,  21 

Attic   rooms   _ 13 

Basement — 

Construction    „ 11 

Definition    8 

Lighting  and  ventilation  11 

Rooms    _ „ 11 

Bathroom — 

Ceiling    height    _ 13 

Cooking   or    sleeping  in 21 

Window    area    16 

Windows    required   _ 14 

Building — 

Alteration   of  4 

Constructed    substantially    9 

Converted    to    comply 5 

Definition   of   _ _ 8 

Kept   clean   and   sanitary 26 

Window   courts   for   14 

Building  department,  definition  . 8 

Jurisdiction   of   „ 2 

Ceiling,    sloping   13 

Cellar,    definition  of 8 

Rooms    prohibited    in 10 

Cesspool   or  sewer  required 18 

(^'ommission  of  Immigration  and  Hous- 
ing       2,  7 

Connection  of  plumbing  to  sewer IS 

Construction    to   be   substantial 9 

Cooking  prohibited  in   certain   rooms..  21 

<:'ornice,    projection    of   _ 14 

<:"ourts,    width,    length,    etc 14 

("urb   level,   definition   of  8 

Department — 

Authority  to  enter  premises 7 

Definition   of   8 

Enforcement    by    2 

Definitions    8 

Drainage    of    roofs    23 

Dwelling — 

Alteration    of    3 

Animals   prohibited    in   27 

Converted    to    5 

Definition    of   8 

Entry    to   , 7 

Ei-ected  prior  to  Act 4 

Kept    clean    and    sanitary 26 

Kept  in   repair  23 

Moved     _ 5 

Eaves,    projection   of  14 

Enforcement   of   Act   2 

Entry   to   premises   7 

Family,    definition    of 8 

Fine  becomes  a  lien   29 

Five  days'  notice  required  31 

Fixtures,    plumbing   20 

Kept    sanitary    23 

Floor — 

Area  required   for   each   person 21 

Height   above  ground   12 

Masonry     12 

Space   underneath   enclosed  12 

Garbage    receptacles    25 

Guest,   definition   of   8 

Guest   room,    definition   of 8 

Gutters    on    roofs    23 


Health  Department,   definition  of 8 

Duties    of    2 

Height— 

Of  floors  above  ground  12 

Of    room    ceilings    13 

Of   toilet   room   ceilings   13 

Housing   Department,    definition   of 8 

Duties    of    2 

Keeping  of  animals  27 

Kitchen,    use    of    „  21 

Lien,    fine    becomes    29 

Lighting-   of  rooms  _ „  14 

Lighting     and     ventilation     of     base- 
ments     _ _  10 

Lot,    definition    of  _ 8 

Maintenance — 

Buildings  kept  clean  and  sanitary_23,  26 

Buildings   kept  in    repair   23 

Cooking   and   sleeping   restrictions....  21' 

Garbage    receptacles    25 

Overcrowding   rooms  _  21 

Minimum  requirements,  act  is 33 

Moving   of   buildings   5 

Notice,    time   of   service 31 

Nuisance — 

Action  to  abate  6,  28 

Definition   of   „  8 

Filth    becomes    26 

Overcrowding  rooms  is   21 

Occupancy — 

Action  against  unlawful   28 

Cooking   and   sleeping   restrictions....  21 

Room  area  per  person  21 

Unlawful    3 

Old    Buildings — 

Alteration   of  4 

Converted  to   dwellings  „ 5 

Moved     5 

Ordinances,    additional    requirements..  33 

I'apering,    rooms    cleaned    before 22 

Penalty  and  fine  6 

Person,   definition  of  8 

Plumbing — 

Connected  to  sewer  or  cesspool 18 

Construction    20 

Kept    sanitary    23,  26 

Materials     20 

Not  enclosed   20 

Toilets  required  17 

Trapped   and  vented   20 

Unlawful    use    „ 3 

A^lhen   not   required   19 

Porches,    windows   on   14 

Poultry,   keeping  of  27 

Privy    19 

Procedure  to  correct  violations  28 

Receptacles    for    garbage    25 

Repairs  to  buildings  23 

Repapering,    calcimining,    etc 22 

liepeal   of  conflicting  laws  33 

Roof    drainage    23 

Roofs,   kept  in   repair  ...: 23 

Rooms — 

.\rea   of    13,  21 

Basement    11 

Bath   13,  14,  16 

Ceiling,   height  of  13 

Floor  area  per  person   13,  21 

Guest,    definition    of    8 

Kept   clean   and    sanitary   26 

Repapering,    calcimining,    etc 22 

Size   of  13 

Toilet     13,  14,  16 

Width    of    13 


174 


Width   of   toilet   13 

"Windows   not   diminished    4 

Windows  of,   on  porches 14 

Windows    required    14,  15,  16 

Running  water  provided  18 

Screens,    mosquito    24 

Service  of  notice  or  order  31 

Sewer  or  cesspool  required  18 

Sewer,    street   18 

Shaft,    vent    14 

Showers    - 13.  14.  21 

Size    of    rooms    _ 13,  21 

Size  of  windows  14,  15,  16 

Sleeping-,    floor   area    per   person 21 

Sleeping  prohibited  in  certain  rooms..  21 

Sloping  ceilings   „ 13 

Space   under   buildings,   enclosed 12 

Stable,    distance   from   dwelling  27 

Statutes,   inconsistent,  repealed  33 

Street,    definition    of   8 

Street  sewer  18 

Substantial    construction    of    buildings  9 

Summons,    how    served    31 

Time  allowed,   notice  to  comply 31 

Title  of  Act  _ 1 

Toilets — 

Material   of   ...._ _ 20 

Privy 19 


Required 17 

Windows    for    16 

Toilet   rooms,   size  and   height 13 

Unlawful    to    alter    old    buildings 4 

Unlawful  to  violate  Act  3 

Vent   shaft  „ „  14 

Ventilated   space    under   buildings _  12 

Violation — 

Penalty   and   fine  _ 6,  29 

Procedure    against    . 6,  28,  30,  32 

Unlawful    3 

Water-closets — (See  toilet  and  privy). 

Water,   running,  provided  18 

Width  of  rooms  13 

Window   courts    14 

Windows — 

Area  for  rooms  15 

Area  for  toilets  and  baths   16 

How    ineasured    15 

Location    of   14 

Old  buildings  4 

On  porches 14 

Rooms    to   have   14 

Size    of    15,  16 

Toilets  and  baths  14 

Tn   ooen    14 

Vent   .shafts  for  14 


J.  H.  BEAN 
West  4120 


CLARENCE  W.  BEAN 


25829 


J.  H.  BEAN  &  SON 


General  Contractors 


Office: 

Building    Industries 

Association 


Phones : 
60608— Main  6561 


Office:   Building  Industries  Association,  Stimson  Bldg. 
Home  60608— Main  6561 

FRED  E.  POTTS,  Plastering  Contractor 

2283  W.  25th  St.        Phone  71056        Los  Angeles,  Cal 


75 


Garages 


Ordinance    No.    28,828 

<,New  Series) 

As    Amended     by    Ordinances    Nos.    29,112 

and  31,087   (New  Series). 

An  Ordinance  regulating  the  construc- 
tion and  maintenance  of  public  and  pri- 
vate automobile  garages  and  automobile 
filling   stations. 

The  Mayor  and  Council  of  the  City  of 
Los  Angeles  do  ordain  as  follows: 

Section  1.  For  the  purposes  of  this 
ordinance  the  term  "public  garage"  is 
defined  to  be  a  building  where  automo- 
biles are  kept  or  stored  by  the  public,  or 
where  automobiles  are  rented  to  or  hired 
by  the  public,  or  where  a  charge  is  made 
for  the  use,  storage  or  keeping  of  auto- 
mobiles. 

For  the  purposes  of  this  ordinance  the 
term  "private  garage"  is  defined  to  be 
a  building  where  one  or  more  automo- 
biles are  kept  or  stored  for  private  use 
only,  and  are  not  rented  to  or  hired  by 
the  public,  and  where  no  charge  is  made 
for  the  storage  of  the  same. 

For  the  purposes  of  this  ordinance  the 
word  "gasoline"  shall  be  deemed  to  mean 
and  include  any  product  of  petroleum  or 
any  hydro-carbon  liquid  that  will  flash 
or  emit  an  inflammable  vapor  below  the 
temperature  of  one  hundred  (100)  degrees 
Fahrenheit. 

For  the  purpose  of  this  ordinance  the 
term  "automobile  filling  station,"  is  de- 
fined to  be  any  lot,  premises  or  building 
or  any  portion  thereof,  which  is  used 
wholly  or  in  part  for  the  purpose  of  fur- 
nishing; gasoline  (in  the  open  air)  to 
motor-driven  vehicles. 

Sec.  2.  It  shall  be  unlawful  for  any 
person,  firm  or  corporation  to  establish, 
conduct,  maintain  or  use,  or  to  cause 
or  permit  to  be  established,  conducted, 
maintained  or  used  in  any  building  or 
premises  as  a  public  or  private  garage 
or  automobile  filling  station  without  first 
obtaining  a  permit  in  writing  therefor, 
from  the  Board  of  Fire  Commissioners. 
Each  such  permit  shall  contain  the  name 
of  the  person,  firm  or  corporation  to  whom 
the  same  is  issued,  and  shall  specify 
whether  the  same  is  issued  for  a  public  or 
a  private  garage,  or  automobile  filling 
station,  the  location  by  street  and  num- 
ber, of  the  premises  upon  which  such  ga- 
rage or  automobile  filling  station  is  or  is 
to  be  located,  the  amount  of  gasoline  that 
may  be  stored  therein,  and  the  exact 
location  where  gasoline  storage  tanks,  if 
any,  shall  be  placed;  provided,  however, 
that  no  permit  need  be  obtained  for  the 
establishment,  conduct,  maintenance  or 
use  of  any  garage,  or  automobile  filling 
station  that  is  being  conducted,  main- 
tained or  used  at  the  time  of  the  passage 
of  this  ordinance;  and  provided  further, 
that  every  person,  firm  or  corporation 
conducting,  maintaining  or  using  any  pub- 
lic or  private  garage  or  automobile  filling 
station  at  the  time  of  the  passage  of  this 
ordinance  shall  comply  with  all  of  the  re- 
quirements contained  in  this  ordinance 
concerning  the  storage  of  gasoline.  No 
permit  shall  be  granted  for  the  establish- 
ment, conduct,  maintenance  or  use  of 
any  public  or  private  garage  or  automo- 
bile filling  station  in  any  part  of  a  build- 
ing that  is  used  or  occupied  as  a  hotel, 
apartment  house,  rooming  house,  or  in 
any  building  in  which  any  room  or  rooms 
above   the    ground    floor,    are    used    or    in- 


tended for  use,  as  a  dwelling  by  one  or 
more    families. 

Sec.  2-a.  It  shall  be  unlawful  for  any 
person,  firm  or  corporation  to  construct, 
erect  or  maintain,  or  to  cause  or  permit 
to  be  constructed,  erected  or  maintained 
any  public  garage  in  The  City  of  Los  An- 
geles within  one  hundred  (100)  feet  of  any 
public  school  building;  provided,  however, 
that  the  provisions  of  said  section 
shall  not  apply  to  any  public  garage 
constructed,  erected  or  maintained  at  the 
time  of  the  passage  of  this  ordinance. 

Sec.  3.  Every  application  for  a  permit 
to  establish,  conduct  maintain  or  use 
any  public  or  private  garage  or  automo- 
bile filling  station,  or  to  store  gasoline 
therein,  shall,  before  action  is  taken 
thereon  by  the  Board  of  Fire  Commis- 
sioners, be  referred  to  the  Fire  Marshal 
for  investigation  and  report.  No  such 
permit  shall  be  granted  for  the  establish- 
ment, conduct,  maintenance  of  use  of  any 
garage  or  automobile  filling  station  that 
does  not  comply  in  all  respects  with  the 
requirements    of    this    ordinance. 

Sec.  4.  In  the  event  that  any  person, 
firm  or  corporation  holding  a  permit  to 
establish,  conduct,  maintain  or  use  any 
building  or  premises  as  a  public  or  private 
garage  or  automobile  filling  station  shall 
violate,  or  shall  cause  or  permit  to  be  vio- 
lated, any  of  the  provisions  of  this  ordi- 
nance, or  any  other  ordinance  relating 
to  or  regulating  public  or  private  garages, 
or  shall  conduct  or  carry  on  the  same  in 
an  unlawful  manner,  or  shall  cause  or 
permit  the  same  so  to  be  carried  on,  it 
shall  be  the  duty  of  the  Board  of  Fire 
Commissioners  and  the  said  Board  shall, 
in  addition  to  the  other  penalties  provid- 
ed by  this  ordinance,  revoke  the  permit 
issued  to  such  person,  firm  or  corporation. 

No  permit  shall  ue  revoked  until  a  hear- 
ing shall  have  been  had  by  the  Board  of 
Fire  Commissioners  in  the  matter  of  the 
revocation  of  such  permit,  notice  of 
which  hearing  shall  be  given,  in  writing, 
and  served  at  least  three  days  prior  to 
the  date  of  hearing  upon  the  holder  of 
such  permit,  or  his  manager,  or  agent, 
which  notice  shall  state  the  ground  of 
complaint  against  the  holder  of  such  per- 
mit and  shall  also  state  the  time  when 
and  place  where  such  hearing  will  be  had. 
Such  notice  shall  be  served  upon  the  hold- 
er of  such  permit  by  delivering  the  same 
to  such  person,  firm  or  corporation,  or  to 
his  or  its  manager  or  agent,  or  to  any 
person  in  charge  of  or  employed  in  the 
place  of  business  of  such  holder,  or  if 
such  person  has  no  place  of  business,  then 
at  his  place  of  residence;  or  by  leaving 
such  notice  at  the  place  of  business  of 
such  person,  firm  or  corporation,  or  at  the 
place  of  business  or  residence  of  such 
l)erson,  with  some  person  of  suitable  age 
and  discretion.  If  the  holder  of  such  per- 
mit cannot  be  found  and  service  of  such 
notice  cannot  be  made  upon  him  or  it  in 
the  manner  herein  provided,  then  a  copy 
of  such  notice  shall  be  mailed,  postage 
fully  prei)aid,  addressed  to  such  holder  of 
such  permit  at  such  place  of  business  or 
residence,  at  least  three  days  prior  to  the 
(late  of  such  hearing. 

Sec.  5.  Every  building  hereafter  erected 
and  every  building  hereafter  altered  or 
changed  for  use  as  a  public  garage  or  au- 
tomobile filling  station  shall  be  of  Class 
.\.  (^lass  B  or  Class  C  construction,  as 
defined  by  the  ordinance  of  the  City  of 
Los  .\ngeles  regulating  the  construction 
and  alterations  of  buildings. 


76 


The  flooring  of  the  first  floor  of  any 
such  building  shall  be  constructed  of  con- 
crete, with  a  system  of  ventilation  having 
openings  to  the  outer  air  at  the  floor  lines 
not  less  than  six  inches  by  eight  inches 
for  each  ventilator.  Tnere  shall  be  main- 
tained at  ail  times  in  every  such  building 
having  a  floor  space  of  less  than  tive 
hundred  (500)  square  feet  at  least  two 
chemical  fire  extinguishers  each  contain- 
ing not  less  than  three  gallons  of  chem- 
ical, and  there  shall  be  maintained  at  all 
times  in  every  such  building,  at  least  one 
additional  such  chemical  fire  extinguisher 
for  every  additional  five  hundred  (500) 
square  feet  of  floor  space,  or  fraction 
thereof.  On  the  main  floor  of  every  pub- 
lic garage  there  shall  be  kept  not  less 
than  four  barrels  of  clean  dry  sand  and 
each  barrel  shall  contain  an  iron  scoop. 
Such  barrels  shall  be  placed  at  different 
locations  on  the  main  floor  of  such  ga- 
rage and  of  the  repair  shop,  if  any,  in 
connection    therewith. 

Any  room  or  portion  of  a  room  in  any 
public  or  private  garage  which  is  main- 
tained as  an  automobile  repair  shop,  shall 
be  separated  from  any  and  all  other 
rooms  used  or  maintained  in  connection 
with  such  garage  by  a  partition  reaching 
to  or  passing  through  the  roof  of  any 
such  building.  Every  such  partition  shall 
be  constructed  in  accordance  with  the 
ordinances  of  said  city  regulating  the 
construction  of  the  class  of  building  to 
which  such  building  belongs. 

No  building  used  in  connection  with  an 
automobile  filling  station  shall  exceed  one 
(1)  story  in  height  and  every  such  build- 
ing shall  be  erected,  constructea  end 
maintained  in  conformity  to  the  pro- 
visions of  this  ordinance  governing  the 
construction  of  public  garages;  provided, 
however,  that  outside  of  Fire  Districts 
No.  1,  2,  3  and  4  any  such  building  may 
be  of  frame  construction,  without  cellar 
or  basement.  The  floors  of  every  such 
building  shall  be  constructed  of  earth  or 
concrete. 

Sec.  6.  It  shall  be  unlawful  for  any 
person,  firm  or  corporation  to  establish, 
conduct,  maintain  or  use,  or  to  cause  or 
permit  to  be  established,  conducted,  main- 
tained or  used,  as  a  public  or  private 
garage  or  automobile  filling  station,  any 
part  of  any  building  that  is  used  or 
occupied  as  a  hotel,  apartment  house, 
rooming  house  or  lodging  house,  or  any 
part  of  any  building,  that  is  used  for  pub- 
lic or  private  assemblages. 

Sec.  7.  It  shall  be  unlawful  for  any 
person,  firm  or  corporation  to  keep  or 
store,  or  to  cause  or  permit  to  be  kept 
or  stored,  any  gasoline  in  or  about  or  for 
use  in  connection  with  any  public  or  pri- 
vate garage  or  automobile  filling  station 
in  a  manner  contrary  to  the  provisions 
of   this   ordinance. 

Sec.  8.  It  shall  be  unlawful  for  any 
person,  firm  or  corporation  to  keep  or  to 
cause  or  permit  to  be  kept  more  than  five 
gallons  of  gasoline  inside  of  any  public 
or  private  garage  or  automobile  filling 
station,  except  such  as  is  contained  in  the 
tanks  or  reservoirs  of  automobiles  stored 
in  such  garage,  provided,  however,  that 
nothing  herein  contained  shall  be  con- 
strued to  prevent  the  keeping  of  gasoline 
in  portable  filling  tanks  or  buggies  as 
herein  provided. 

It  shall  be  unlawful  for  any  person,  firm 
or  corporation  to  maintain  or  use,  or  to 
cause  or  permit  to  be  maintained  or  used, 
more  than    one    portable    filling    tank    or 


buggy,  in  any  garage,  or  any  such  porta- 
ble filling  tank  or  buggy  that  will  contain 
more  than  fifty  gallons  of  gasoline  or  that 
is  not  constructed  and  approved  as  pro- 
vided in  this  section.  Every  such  portable 
filling  tank  or  buggy  shall  be  mounted  up- 
on all  metal  wheels,  with  rubber  tires,  and 
shall  be  equipped  with  a  pump,  fitted  with 
a  hose  attachment  not  to  exceed  eight 
feet  in  length,  fitted  at  the  end  with  a 
ground  shut-off  nozzle.  The  gasoline 
shall  be  pumped  into  the  reservoir  or 
tank  of  the  automobile  or  such  portable 
filling  tank  or  buggy.  Before  any  such 
portable  filling  tank  or  buggy  or  any  such 
pump  is  used,  the  same  or  the  design  or 
type  thereof,  shall  be  approved  by  the 
Board  of  Fire  Commissioners. 

Sec.  9.  It  shall  be  unlawful  for  any 
person,  firm  or  corporation  to  store  or 
keep,  or  to  cause  or  permit  to  be  stored 
or  kept,  any  gasoline  for  use  in  or  about 
or  in  connection  with  a  public  garage 
or  automoliile  filling  station  except  as 
hereinbefore  provided  or  in  the  inanner 
following.  AU  gasoline  shall  be  stored  m 
a  tank  or  tanks  outside  of  the  walls  of 
any  building.  Every  such  tank  shall  be 
constructed  of  not  less  than  i\o.  I'z,  gauge 
galvanized  steel,  riveted  steel  to  steel 
joints,  or  oxy-acetalyne  or  electrically 
welded  tanks,  and  coated  with  tar  or  othei 
rust-resisting  material,  or  shall  be  con- 
structed of  iron  of  not  less  than  three- 
sixteenths  of  an  inch  in  thickness,  riveted 
i'nd  caulked,  and  coated  with  tar  or  other 
rust-resisting  material.  No  tank  shall  be 
of  such  capacity  as  to  contain  more  than 
three  hundred  (300  )  gallons.  Not  more 
than  four  such  tanks  shall  be  allowed  at 
or  in  connection  with,  nor  shall  more  than 
twelve  hundred  (1200)  gallons,  in  the  ag- 
gregate, of  gasoline  be  stored  for  any 
public  garage  or  automobile  filling  station. 

Not  more  than  one  such  tank  of  a  ca- 
pacity not  exceeding  two  hundred  gallons 
of  gasoline  shall  be  allowed  at,  or  in  con- 
nection with  or  stored  for  any  private 
garage,  except  that  there  shall  be  allowed 
at  or  in  connection  with,  or  stored  for  any 
private  garage  in  which  more  than  ten 
automobiles  are  regularly  kept  or  stored, 
two  such  tanks  of  a  capacity  not  ex- 
ceeding three  hundred  gallons  of  gasoline 
each,  or  three  such  tanks  of  a  capacity 
not  exceeding  two  hundred  gallons  of 
gasoline  each;  provided,  however,  that 
for  a  private  garage  only,  not  more  than 
fifty  gallons  of  gasoline  contained  in  a 
locked  enclosure  with  ventilated  sides 
may  be  stored  above  the  ground,  not 
nearer  than  thirty  feet  from  any  building. 
No  such  tank  shall  be  connected  with 
such  garage  by  piping,  nor  shall  more 
than  two  hundred  gallons,  in  the  aggre- 
gate, of  gasoline  be  stored  for  any  private 
garage,  except  as  aforesaid.  Every  pri- 
vate garage  in  which  are  regularly  kept 
or  stored  ten  or  more  automobiles  shall 
be  constructed  as  is  provided  by  Section 
5  of  this  ordinance,  except  that  the  floor 
of  any  such  private  garage  in  which  are 
regularly  kept  or  stored  ten  or  more  auto- 
mobiles, may  be  constructed  of  earth  or 
concrete. 

Sec.  10.  It  shall  be  unlawful  for  any 
person,  firm  or  corporation  to  install,  con- 
struct or  maintain,  or  to  cause  or  permit 
to  be  installed,  constructed  or  maintained, 
any  storage  tank  for  storing  gasoline  for 
use  in  or  about  any  public  garage  or 
automobile  filling  station,  at  the  location 
other  than  that  specified  in  the  pet-mit 
therefor  issued  by  the  Board  of  Fire  Com- 


177 


missioners,  or  in  a  manner  other  than  as 
herein   provided. 

Every  such  storage  tank  shall  be  buried 
under  ground  outside  the  walls  of  any 
building.  The  top  of  each  such  tank 
shall  be  at  least  four  feet  below  the  sur- 
face of  the  ground.  The  space  above  the 
top  of  each  such  tank  shall  be  filled  with 
earth  so  as  to  be  level  with  the  surface 
of   the    surrounding   ground. 

No  such  storage  tank  shall  be  located 
nearer  to  any  building  than  five  feet  un- 
less such  tank  is  enclosed  in  brick  or  con- 
crete walls  not  less  than  twelve  inches 
in   thickness. 

No  portion  of  any  such  storage  tank 
under  any  sidewalk  shall  be  within  four 
feet  of  the  curb  line. 

In  any  case  where  more  than  one  such 
storage  tanks  are  installed,  there  shall  be 
constructed  between  such  tanks  a  brick 
or  concrete  wall  not  less  than  twelve 
inches  in  thickness.  Such  wall  shall  be 
at  least  two  feet  distant  from  each  such 
tank,  and  shall  extend  at  least  one  foot 
below  the  bottom  of  such  tanks  and  up 
to  a  level  with  the  surface  of  the  ground 
or  sidewalk.  The  space  between  such  wall 
and  each  such  tank  shall  be  filled  with 
earth. 

No  such  storage  tank  shall  be  connected 
with  anotheT-  that  gasoline  can  flow  from 
one  tank  to  the  other. 

Every  suppiy  p  pe  from  tank  to  pump 
shall  have  an  independent  shut-off  valve 
so  that  no  more  than  one  tank  may  be 
pumped  from  at  one  time. 

No  such  storage  tank  shall  be  covered 
with  earth  until  after  the  same  shall  have 
been   inspected    by    the    Fire    Marshal. 

Sec.  11.  Every  such  storage  tank 
maintained  in  connection  with  a  public 
garage  or  automobile  filling  station  shall 
be  connected  with  an  automatic  closing 
valve  pump,  or  other  device,  approved  by 
the  Board  of  Fire  Commissioners.  Any 
such  pump  or  device  may  be  located  in- 
side the  building,  but  not  below  the  sur- 
face of  the  first  floor,  and  shall  be  located 
above  the  top  of  the  tank  witn  wnich 
it  is  connected.  Every  gasoline  dis- 
charge pipe  maintained  in  connection 
with  a  hydraulic  or  pressure  storage  sys- 
tem shall  be  equipped  with  an  emergency 
shut-off  valve  located  above  the  floor 
level,  in  addition  to  the  shut-off  valve 
maintained  at  the  outlet  of  the  hose. 
Every  gasoline  discharge  pipe  located 
above  the  floor  level  maintained  in  con- 
nection with  a  hydraulic  or  pressure  stor- 
age system  shall  be  protected  from  me- 
chanical injury  for  not  less  than  four  (4) 
feet  above  the  water-control  valve,  and 
for  not  less  than  four  (4)  feet  above  the 
floor  level. 

Sec.  12.  Every  pipe  shall  lead  out  of 
the  top  of  the  tank  with  which  it  is 
connected  and  shall  be  put  together  with 
litharge  and  glycerine.  A  vent  pipe  not 
ies.s  than  one  inch  in  diameter  shall  ex- 
tend up  outside  the  building  to  a  point 
not  less  than  five  (5)  feet  above  the  roof 
of  such  building,  and  shall  be  provided 
with  a  return  ell,  provided,  however,  that 
no  such  vent  pipe  shall  be  required  to 
be  maintained  in  connection  wan  any 
storage  tank  maintained  in  connection 
with  a  hyd^-aulic  or  pressure  storage  sys- 
tem. A  filling  pipe  shall  be  connected 
with  every  such  tank.  Every  such  pipe 
shall  extend  up  to  the  ground  level,  and 
shall  be  capped  with  a  water-tight 
screwed   cap. 

Sec.    13.     It   shall   be    unlawful    for   any 


person,  firm  or  corporation  to  fill  or  to 
cause  or  permit  to  be  filled,  in  whole  or 
in  part,  any  such  storage  tank  with  gas- 
oline, except  from  a  tank  wagon,  or  to 
fill,  or  to  cause  or  permit  to  be  filled,  in 
whole  or  in  part,  any  such  storage  tank 
at  any  time  except  between  the  hours  of 
sunrise  and  sunset. 

Sec.  14.  It  shall  be  unlawful  for  any 
person,  firm  or  corporation  to  permit 
any  gasoline  tank  or  drum,  whether  the 
same  is  filled,  in  whole  or  in  part,  or 
empty,  to  be  in,  upon  or  about  any  public 
garage  or  automobile  filling  sianon. 

Sec.  15.  It  shall  be  unlawful  for  any 
person,  firm  or  corporation  to  carry  or 
convey,  or  to  cause  or  permit  to  be  car- 
ried or  conveyed,  any  gasoline  in  or  about 
any  public  garage  or  automobile  filling 
station,  in  an  open  can  or  in  any  can  of 
any  description  unless  such  can  shall  be 
of  an  approved,  non-explosive  type  and 
the  design  of  type  thereof,  shall  have 
lieen  first  approved  by  the  Board  of  Fire 
Commissioners.  The  tank  or  reservoir  of 
an  automobile  may  be  filled  from  a  port- 
able filling  tank  or  buggy  constructed  and 
approved  as  provided  in  this  ordinance; 
provided,  however,  that  such  portable  fill- 
ink  tank  or  buggy  shall  be  kept  at  all 
times  within  ten  feet  of  the  entrance  of 
the  garage  or  automobile  filling  station  in 
which  the  same  is  used. 

Sec.  16.  It  shall  be  unlawful  for  any 
person,  firm  or  corporation  to  permit  any 
gasoline  to  remain  in  any  open  can  or 
open  receptacle  of  any  kind  in,  upon  or 
about  any  public  garage  or  automobile 
filling  station. 

It  shall  be  unlawful  for  any  person  to 
smoke,  or  for  any  person,  firm  or  cor- 
loration  to  permit  any  smoking,  inside 
of  any  building  used  as  a  public  garage 
or  avitomobile  filling  station.  A  notice 
containing  the  words  "no  smoking,"  in 
large,  plain  letters,  shall  be  displayed  in 
conspicuous  places  in  and  about  every 
such  public  garage  and  at  all  entrances 
thereto.  It  shall  be  unlawful  for  any  per- 
son, firm  or  corporation  to  use,  or  to 
cause  or  permit  to  be  used,  any  sawdust 
for  the  absorption  of  oil  in  or  about  any 
public  garage  or  automobile  filling  station, 
or  to  permit  any  waste,  rags  or  rubbish 
of  any  kind  to  remain  in  or  about  any 
such  garage  or  automobile  filling  station 
or  any  repair  shop,  connected  with  any 
such  garage,  except  in  a  metal  receptacle, 
fitted  with  a  close  fitting  metal  cover,  and 
such  receptacle  shall  be  moved  outside  of 
the  building  at  the  close  of  each  day,  or 
to  put  into  or  take  out  of.  or  to  cause  or 
permit  to  be  put  into  or  taken  out  of,  any 
automobile  any  gasoline  in  any  room  of 
any  public  garage  or  automoi)ile  filling 
station  in  which  there  is  an  open  light,  or 
to  fill,  or  to  cause  or  pevn't  to  be  filled, 
any  lamp  or  any  automobile  while  the 
light  in  such  lami)s  is  burning,  or  to  use 
or  to  cause  or  permit  to  l)e  used,  any  ar- 
tiflciil  light  of  anv  kind  ot'ip'-  than  elec- 
tricity in  any  such  public  garage  or  auto- 
mobile filling  station,  or  to  cause  or  per- 
mit to  be  used  any  electric  lamp  in  any 
room  in  which  gasoline  is  used  or  kept 
unless  the  socket  of  such  lamp  is  enclosed 
in  a  tight  fitting,  vapor-proof  globe,  or  to 
use,  or  to  cause  or  permit  to  be  used, 
any  stove,  torch,  forge  or  other  furnace 
flame  or  fire,  in  any  such  iniblic  garage  or 
automobile  filling  station,  except  in  the 
office,  the  retiring  room  and  the  repair 
shop  connected  with  such  garage  or  auto- 
mobile   filling    station,    or    to    permit    any 


1^ 


electric  motor,  not  actually  a  part  of  an 
automobile,  to  be  located  or  to  remain 
within  four  feet  of  the  floor  of  any  such 
garage  or  automobile  filling  station,  or  to 
permit  any  oil,  gasoline  or  other  inflam- 
mable material  of  any  kind  whatsoever  to 
be  store(J  or  kept  in  any  locker  in  or 
about  any  such  garage  or  automobile  fill- 
ing station,  or  to  maintain  or  use,  or  to 
permit  to  be  used,  any  locker  in  any  such 
garage  or  automobile  filling  station  if  such 
locker  is  so  constructed  as  not  to  permit 
of   ready    inspection    thereof. 

Sec.  17.  It  shall  be  the  duty  of  the 
Fire  Marshal  to  see  that  the  provisions 
of  this  ordinance  are  complied  with,  and 
for  that  purpose  he  is  hereby  authorized 
and  empowered  to  enter  any  building 
used  as  a  public  or  private  garage  or 
automobile  filling  station  and  all  parts  of 
any  such  garage  or  automobile  filling 
station  during  business  hours. 

It  shall  be  unlawful  for  any  person,  firm 
or  corporation  to  fail,  refuse  or  neglect  to 
permit  the  Fire  Marshal  or  any  of  his 
deputies  to  enter  and  examine  any  build- 
ing used  as  a  public  or  private  garage  or 
automobile  filling  station,  or  any  part  of 
any  such  garage  or  automobile  filling  sta- 
tion during  business  hours,  or  to  inter- 
fere in  any  manner  with  the  said  Fire 
Marshal  or  any  of  his  deputies  in  the  per- 
formance of  their  duties. 

Sec.  18.  It  shall  be  unlawful  for  any 
person,  firm  or  corporation  to  use  or  cause 
or  permit  to  be  used  in  any  public  or  pri- 
vate garage,  any  gasoline  or  dlsiiiiate 
under  pressure  for  the  purpose  of  cleaning 
any  automobile  or  any  part  or  parts  of 
any  automobile. 

Sec.  19.  That  Ordinance  No.  18,601 
(New  Series),  entitled  "An  Ordinance 
regulating  the  construction  and  mainten- 
ance of  public  and  private  automobile 
garages,"  approved  August  11,  1909,  and 
all  ordinances  amendatory  thereto  or 
thereof,  and  all  other  ordinances  in  con- 
flict with  this  ordinance,  be  and  the  same 
are  hereby  repealed. 

Sec.  20.  That  any  person,  firm  or  cor- 
poration violating  any  of  the  provisions 
of  this  ordinance  shall  be  deemed  guilty 
of  a  misdemeanor,  and  upon  conviction 
thereof  shall  be  punishable  by  a  fine  of 
not  less  than  five  ($5)  dollars,  nor  more 
than  five  hundred  ($500)  dollars,  or  by 
imprisonment  in  the  city  jail  for  a  period 
of  not  more  than  six  (6)  months,  or  by 
both  such  fine  and  imprisonment. 

Each  such  person,  firm  or  corporation 
shall  be  deemed  guilty  of  a  separatt;  of- 
fense for  every  day  during  any  portion 
of  which  any  violation  of  any  provision 
of  this  ordinance  is  committed,  continued 
or  permitted  by  such  person,  firm  or  cor- 
poration, and  shall  be  punishable  there- 
for as  provided  in  this  ordinance. 

Sec.  21.  That  the  establishing,  conauct 
or  maintenance  of  garages  or  auiumoDne 
filling  stations  and  the  storage  of  gasoline 
therein  in  a  manner  contrary  to  the  pro- 
visions of  this  ordinance  is  a  menace  to 
the  safety  of  the  citizens  of  the  City  of 
Los  Angeles,  and  therefore  this  ordinance 
is  urgently  required  for  the  immediate 
preservation  of  the  Public  Peace,  Health 
and  Safety,  and  the  City  Clerk  shall  cer- 
tify to  its  passage  by  a  unanimous  vote, 
and  cause  the  same  to  be  published  once 
in  The  Los  Angeles  Daily  Journal  and 
thereupon  and  thereafter  it  shall  take  ef- 
fect and  be  in  force. 

I  hereby  certify  that  the  foregoing  or- 
dinance   was    passed    by    the    Council    of 


the  City  of  Los  Angeles  by  the  unani- 
mous vote  of  all  the  members  of  said 
Council  present,  there  being  not  less  than 
seven  members  present,  at  its  meeting  on 
December  11,  1913. 

CH AS.  T,.  WILDE, 
City  Clerk. 
Approved    this    11th    day    of    December, 
1913. 

H.  H.  ROSE, 

Mayor. 


Storage  of  Picture  Films 

Ordinance  No.  31,  268 

(New   Series) 

An  Ordinance  regulating  the  use,  repair 
and  storage  of  motion  picture  films. 

The  Mayor  and  Council  of  the  City  of 
Los  Angeles  do  ordain  as  follows: 

Sec.  1.  It  shall  be  unlawful  for  any 
person,  firm  or  corporation  to  keep  or 
store  more  than  6000  feet  of  motion  pic- 
ture film  in  any  building  or  place,  un- 
less such  person,  firm  or  corporation  shall 
have  first  obtained  a  permit  in  writing 
therefor  from  the  Board  of  Fire  Commis- 
sioners of  the  City  of  Los  Angeles.  Be- 
fore any  such  permit  is  granted  such  per- 
son, firm  or  corporation  shall  file  a  writ- 
ten application  therefor,  setting  forth  the 
name,  residence  and  location  of  the  appli- 
cant. If  an  individual,  and  if  a  corpora- 
tion its  name,  principal  place  of  business 
and  the  names  and  residences  of  its  offi- 
cers. Each  such  application  shall  set 
forth  the  location  at  which  it  is  desired 
or  intended  to  keep  or  store  such  motion 
picture  films.  Upon  receipt  of  any  such 
application  said  Board  of  Fire  Commis- 
sioners shall  make  an  investigation  for 
the  purpose  of  ascertaining  whether  or 
not  the  building  or  place  at  which  it  is 
desired  or  intended  to  keep,  store  or  use 
motion  picture  films,  is  so  situated  that 
the  keeping,  storing  or  using  of  motion 
picture  films  therein  would  not  be  dan- 
gerous; and  also  whether  the  conditions 
under  which  said  motion  picture  films  are 
kept  or  stored,  or  are  to  be  kept  or  stored, 
comply  with  the  provisions  of  this  ordi- 
nance. 

Sec.  2.  For  the  purpose  of  this  ordi- 
nance the  term  "reel"  is  defined  to  be 
approximately  1000  feet  of  motion  picture 
film. 

Sec.  3.  Said  Board  of  Fire  Commission- 
ers shall  inspect,  or  cause  to  be  inspected, 
at  least  once  in  every  two  months  all 
buildings  or  places  where  motion  picture 
films  are  kept  or  stored,  or  are  to  be  kept 
or  stored,  with  a  view  to  determining 
whether  or  not  the  provisions  of  the  or- 
dinances of  the  City  of  Los  Angeles  relat- 
ing to  the  storage  and  use  of  motion  pic- 
ture films  are  being  complied  with. 

The  Board  of  Fire  Commissioners  shall 
have  power  to  revoke  or  suspend  any  per- 
mit granted  under  the  terms  of  this  ordi- 
nance, for  violation  of  any  of  the  pro- 
visions of  this  ordinance. 

Sec.  4.  It  shall  be  unlawful  for  any 
person,  firm  or  corporation  possessing  any 
motion  picture  films  within  the  City  of 
Los  Angeles  to  keep  or  store  the  same 
in  any  other  manner  than  as  provided  in 
this  ordinance,  or  to  fail,  neglect  or  re- 
fuse to  comply  with  the  following  pro- 
visions: 

(a)  All  films  not  in  use  shall  be  stored 
in  fireproof  vaults  or  safes,  such  vaults 
or  safes  to  be  constructed  in  accordance 
with  the  specifications  herein  set  forth: 


79 


(b)  Films  kept  outside  of  vaults  shall 
be  stored  in  metal  cabinets  or  boxes,  con- 
structed of  galvanized  iron  or  steel  with 
metal  partitions  and  shelves.  Each  such 
compartment  shall  not  exceed  a  capacity 
of  ten  reels  of  film,  and  each  such  com- 
partment shall  have  tight,  self-closing 
metal  doors  of  iron  or  steel.  No  solder 
shall  be  used  in  the  construction  of  such 
metal  cabinets  or  boxes. 

(c)  Not  exceeding  100  reels  of  film  in 
the  aggregate,  shall  be  permitted  to  be 
kept  or  stored  in  metal  cabinets  in  any 
shipping  or   receiving  room. 

(d)  Not  exceeding  20  reels  of  films 
shall  be  permitted  to  be  exposed  while 
the  same  are  being  inspected  or  examined 
by  any  employe,  purchaser  or  other  per- 
son. 

(e)  Door  of  vaults  or  safes  shall  only 
be  left  open  for  the  time  required  to  place 
films  in  or  remove  films  from  said  vauus 
or  safes. 

Sec.  5.  (a)  In  buildings  or  structures 
other  than  buildings  or  structures  of 
Class  A  construction  as  defined  by  the 
building  ordinances  of  the  City  of  Los 
Angeles,  vaults  or  safes  for  the  storage 
of  motion  picture  films  shall  have  self- 
supporting  brick  walls  not  less  than  12 
inches  in  thickness  laid  in  cement  mortar 
and  extending  from  the  ground.  The  top 
and  bottom  of  the  vault  shall  be  water 
proof  and  made  of  brick  or  concrete 
arches  of  the  same  thickness  as  the  walls. 
The  inte"'or  of  anv  such  vault  shall  not 
exceed  750  cubic  feet  In  size.  The  vault 
opening  shall  be  protected  on  the  outer 
side  of  the  wall  with  an  iron  door,  such 
door  shall  be  constructed  of  angle  iron, 
covered  with  sheet  iron,  or  constructed 
of  steel  of  a  thickness  of  at  least  3-16 
inches,  securely  riveted  to  such  angle 
iron,  and  such  door  must  be  made  fire- 
proof by  closing  against  a  rabbet  at  top, 
l:>oltom  and  sides,  and  the  door  frame 
shall  be  of  equivalent  iron  or  steel  con- 
struction. There  shall  be  an  inner  door 
constructed  in  a  similar  manner  as  the 
outer  door,  which  shall  be  covered  with 
metal  having  a  thickness  of  at  least  No. 
14  U.  S.  Gauge.  Any  shelving,  racks  or 
receptacles,  and  all  interior  construction 
of  anv  such  vault  shall  be  of  non-com- 
bustible materials.  No  lights  other  than 
stationary,  incandescent  electric  lamps  in 
vapor-proof  globes  shall  be  placed  inside 
and  such  vault,  and  the  switch  controlling 
such  lights  shall  be  outside  of  the  vault 
and  prov'ded  with  pilot  lights,  or  indi- 
cators. The  wiring  for  such  lights  shall 
be  installed  in  a  conduit.  No  artificial 
heat  shall  be  permitted  in  such  vaults, 
excepting  the  '-■eat  of  the  electric  lamps 
herein  mentioned. 

(b)  In  buildings  of  Class  A  construc- 
tion, as  defined  by  the  building  ordinances 
of  the  City  of  Los  Angeles,  vaults  may 
be  carried  on  the  structure  from  fioor  to 
floor.  Every  such  vault  shall  be  of  brick 
or  concrete  not  less  than  eight  inches  in 
thickness,  or  of  hollow  tile  not  less  than 
12  inches  iti  thickness,  laid  in  cement 
motar.  The  top  and  bottom  of  everj 
sucli  vault  shall  be  water  proof  and  made 
of  brick,  tile  or  concrete,  and  not  less 
than  S  inches  in  thickness.  In  all  other 
respects  vaults  in  Class  A  buildings  shall 
comply  with  the  specifications  of  the  pre- 
ceding paragraph  for  the  construction  of 
vaults  in  build'ngs  or  structures  other 
than  buildings  of  Class  A  construction. 

Sec.  6.  Safes  for  the  storage  of  motion 
picture    films    shall    not    have    a    capacity 


exceeding  150  cubic  feet  inside  area  and 
shall  be  equivalent  in  construction  and 
fireproofing  qualities  to  the  following  pro- 
visions: 

Every  such  safe  shall  have  an  angle 
iron  frame  contiguous  at  all  edges.  The 
angle  iron  used  shall  be  at  least  14  inch 
liy  2  inches  for  the  smallest  safe  and  be 
increased  proportionately  for  larger  safes, 
and  on  safes  of  a  larger  size  than  40 
inches  in  height,  30  inches  in  widtn  ana 
30  inches  in  depth,  an  additional  sitten- 
ing  of  heavy  steel  at  least  Vt  inch  in 
thickness  and  of  a  width  proportioned  to 
size,  but  not  less  than  2  inches  in  width, 
shall  be  used  at  the  top,  bottom,  and 
sides.  Sheet  steel  vaults  shall  not  be 
constructed  of  less  than  No.  12  U.  S. 
Gauge  for  the  outer  shell  and  not  less 
than  No.  14  U.  S.  Gauge  for  the  inner 
shell.  The  distance  between  such  shells 
shall  be  not  less  than  5Vi  inches  and 
such  space  shall  be  filled  with  cement 
concrete;  except  that  the  doors  may  have 
4  inches  of  concrete  and  a  2-inch  sealed 
air  spa,ce.  Such  air  space  may  be  used 
for  the  locks  and  bolts.  The  doors  shall 
have  stepped  sides  so  as  to  be  smoke 
proof.  No  cast  iron  shall  be  used  in  the 
construction  of  any  such  safe,  with  the 
exception  of  such  parts  as  castors,  hinges 
and  flanged  door  frames. 

Sec.  7.  Every  such  vault  or  safe  shall 
be  ventilated  to  the  outside  air  by  an 
opening  having  a  sectional  area  of  at 
least  50  square  inches:  provided,  however, 
that  if  tlie  size  of  the  vault  or  safe  is 
less  than  150  cubic  feet  inside  measure- 
ment, the  vent  may  have  a  sectional  area 
of  12  square  inches.  The  vent  pipe  shall 
be  of  metal  not  less  than  No.  18  U.  S. 
Gauge  in  thickness,  shall  not  subject  ad- 
joining property  to  a  fire  hazard  and  shall 
be  shielded  from  the  weather  and  provid- 
ed with  a  wire  screen  of  not  less  than 
14  inch  mesh.  All  motors  used  for  forced 
ventilation  of  vaults  or  safes  shall  be 
placed  outside  of  the  vaults  or  safes,  and 
all  such  motors  shall  be  distant  not  less 
than  12   inches  from  said  vaults  or  safes. 

Sec.  8.  (a)  Examination  and  repairing 
of  films  shall  be  done  only  in  a  room  hav- 
ing outside  ventilation  and  separated 
from  the  balance  of  the  building  by  tight 
partitions  of  non-combustible  materials, 
with  doors  at  openings.  The  partit'ons 
and  doors  shall  contain  no  glass  other 
than  wired  glass.  Such  room  shall  not 
be  used  for  storage  or  handling  of  com- 
bustible materials  other  than  films,  except 
as  otherwise  provided  in  this  ordinance. 

(b)  Reels  containing  films  shall  be 
stored  in  individual  tin  cans  or  boxes  of 
galvanized  iron.  The  open  ends  of  such 
cans  or  metal  boxes  shall  be  covered  witn 
tight  fitting  covers  when  the  films  be- 
longing in  such  cans  or  boxes  are  not 
under  examination  or  being  repaired. 

(c)  There  shall  not  be  kept  at  any 
one  time  more  than  one  quart  of  any 
compound  or  collidion  or  amyl  acetate,  or 
similar  inflammalile  compound  or  chemi- 
cal,  in   such   examination   or   repair  room. 

(d)  Lighting  in  the  examination  or  re- 
pair room  shall  be  restricted  to  incandes- 
cent electric  lamps,  and  all  wiring  for 
light  or  power  shall  be  installed  in  con- 
duit. Switches  with  l)are  te'-minals  shall 
only  be  used  when  enclosed  in  metal 
lioxes  with  .«elf  closing  doors.  Shades 
used  over  globes  shall  be  of  non-com- 
bustible material.  All  electric  motors 
used  in  the  e.xamination  or  repair  room 
for  the  purpose  of  examining  or  repairing 


80 


films,  and  all  resistance  devices  used  in 
connection  with  such  motors  shall  be  en- 
closed in  galvanized  iron  wire  cag;es  of 
No.    18  U.   S.   Gauge  3-8  inch  mesh. 

(e)  Each  examination  and  repair  room 
shall  be  heated  only  by  hot  air,  hot  wa- 
ter or  steam,  and  a  metal  shield  or  screen 
shall  be  provided  to  prevent  the  films 
from  coming  in  contact  with  radiators  or 
heated  pipes..  No  hot  air  floor  registers 
shall  be  used. 

(f)  All  tables  used  for  examination  or 
repairing  of  films  shall  be  of  metal,  and 
the  tops  of  the  tables  shall  be  covered 
with  galvanized  iron. 

Sec.  9.  It  shall  be  unlawful  for  any 
person,  firm  or  corporation  having  the 
custody  or  control  of  a  room  or  place 
where  motion  picture  films  are  stored  or 
kept  to  allow  smoking  in  any  such  room 
or  place;  said  person,  firm  or  corpora- 
tion shall  display,  or  cause  to  be  dis- 
played, in  said  room  or  place  post  signs 
with  the  words  "no  smoking"  printed 
thereon. 

Sec.  10.  That  any  person,  firm  or  corr 
poration  violating  any  of  the  provisions 
of  this  orinance  shall  be  deemed  guilty 
of  a  misdemeanor,  and  upon  conviction 
thereof  shall  be  punishable  by  a  fine  of 
not  less  than  $5.00  nor  more  than  .$100.00, 
or  by  imprisonment  in  the  City  Jail  for  a 
period  of  not  less  than  5  days  nor  more 
than  30  days  for  each  such  offense,  or  by 
both  such  fine  and  imprisonment.  Each 
person,  firm  or  corporation  shall  be 
deemed  guilty  of  a  separate  offense  for 
every  day  during  any  portion  of  which 
any  violation  of  any  provision  of  this  or- 
dinance is  cominitted,  continued  or  permit- 
ted by  such  person,  firm  or  corporation, 
and  shall  be  punishable  therefor  as  pro- 
vided   by    this    ordinance. 

Sec.  11.  The  City  Clerk  shall  certify 
to  the  passage  of  this  ordinance  and 
cause  the  same  to  be  published  once  in 
The  Los  Angeles  Daily  Journal. 

I  hereby  certify  that  the  foregoing  or- 
dinance was  introduced  at  the  meeting 
of  the  Council  of  the  City  of  Los  Angeles 
of  November  6,  1914,  and  was  passed  at 
its  meeting   of  November  21,  1914. 

CHAS.  L.  WILDE, 

Citv  Clerk. 
By  D.  M.  Carroll,  Deputy! 

Approved    this    21st    day    of    November, 

1914; 

H.    H.    ROSE, 

Mayor. 


Roof  Signs,  Bulletins,  Etc. 

Ordinance    No.  26,595 

(New    Series) 

As    Amended    by    Ordinances    Nos.    27,316, 

28,638,  30,398  and  32,556 

An  Ordinance  regulating  signs  and  bul- 
letin boards. 

The  Mayor  and  Council  of  the  City  of 
Los  Angeles  do  ordain  as  follows: 

Section  1.  It  shall  be  unlawful  for  any 
person,  firm  or  corporation  to  erect,  place, 
suspend,  attach  or  maintain,  or  to  cause 
or  permit  to  be  erected,  placed,  suspended, 
attached  or  maintained,  any  sign,  sign- 
board or  sign  device  of  any  kind  or  char- 
after  upon  any  portion  of  any  fire  escape 
or  upon  or  to  any  standpipe. 

Sec.  8.  It  shall  be  unlawful  for  any 
person,  firm  or  Corporation  to  erect,  place, 
suspend,  attach  or  maintain  or  to  cause 
or  permit   to  be  erected,   placed,   suspend- 


ed, attached  or  maintained,  any  sign, 
signboard  or  sign  device  of  any  kind  or 
character  upon  or  in  front  of  or  on  a  level 
with  the  first  story,  or  any  part  thereof, 
of  any  building,  except  in  such  manner 
that  such  sign  will  not  project  more 
than  twelve  inches  into  any  street  froin 
any  property  line  nor  more  than  twelve 
inches  from  the  face  of  the  building  in 
front  of  which  such  sign,  signboard  of 
sign  device  is  maintained. 

Sec.  3.  It  shall  be  unlawful  for  any 
person,  firm  or  corporation  to  erect,  place, 
suspend,  attach  or  maintain,  or  to  cause 
or  permit  to  be  erected,  placed,  suspended, 
attached  or  maintained,  any  sign,  sign- 
board or  sign  device  of  any  kind  or  char- 
acter upon  or  in  front  of  or  on  a  level 
with  the  first  story,  or  any  part  thereof, 
of  any  building,  except  in  such  manne- 
that  such  sign  shall  not  extend  across  a^ 
in  front  of  any  window  unless  it  be  at  a 
height  of  not  less  than  ten  feet  above 
the  street. 

Sec.  4.  It  shall  be  unlawful  for  any 
person,  firm  or  corporation  to  erect,  place, 
suspend,  attach  or  maintain,  or  to  cause 
or  permit  to  be  erected,  placed,  sus- 
pended, attached  or  maintained,  any  sign, 
signboard  or  sign  device  of  any  kind  or 
character  horizontally  upon  or  in  front 
of  any  building  above  the  first  story 
thereof,  except  in  such  manner  that  such 
sign  shall  not  extend  below  the  lintel  nor 
above  the  sill  of  any  window  in  such 
building. 

Sec.  5.  It  shall  be  unlawful  for  any 
person,  firm  or  corporation  to  erect,  place, 
suspend,  attach  or  maintain,  or  to  cause 
or  permit  to  be  erected,  placecf  sus- 
pended, attached  or  maintained,  any  sign, 
signboard  or  sign  device  of  any  kind  or 
character,  upon  or  in  front  of  any  build- 
ing over  twelve  feet  from  the  sidewalk, 
e.xcept  in  such  manner  that  such  sign 
shall  not  project  more  than  thirty  inches 
into  any  street  from  any  property  line 
nor  more  than  thirty  inches  from  the  face 
of  the  building  in  front  of  which  such 
sign,  signboard  or  sign  device  is  main- 
tained. 

Sec.  6.  It  shall  be  unlawful  for  any 
person,  firm  or  corporation  to  erect,  place, 
suspend,  attach  or  maintain,  or  to  cause 
or  permit  to  be  erected,  placed,  sus- 
pended, attached  or  maintained,  any  sign, 
signboard  or  sign  device  of  any  kind  or 
character  upon  the  face  of  any  building, 
or  upon  the  fire  wall  thereof,  or  upon 
the  face  of  any  fire  wall,  that  shall  ex- 
tend above  the  fire  wall;  provided,  how- 
ever, that  the  provisions  of  this  section 
shall  not  apply  to  any  sign,  signboard  or 
sign  device  constructed  upon  a  fire  wall 
prior  to  the  adoption  of  this  ordinance. 

Sec.  7.  It  shall  be  unlawful  for  any 
person,  firm  or  corporation  to  erect,  place 
suspend,  attach  or  maintain,  or  to  cause 
or  permit  to  be  erected,  placed,  sus- 
pended, attached  or  maintained,  any  sign, 
signboard  or  sign  device  of  any  kind  or 
character  upon  any  penthouse  or  other 
structure  situated  upon  the  roof  of  any 
building,  except  that  any  such  sign,  sign- 
board or  sign  device  may  be  erected, 
placed,  suspended,  attached  or  maintained 
upon  anj'  such  penthouse  or  other  struc- 
ture situated  upon  the  roof  of  any  build- 
ing of  Class  "A"  construction.  Every 
such  sign,  signboard  or  sign  device  erect- 
ed, placed,  suspended,  attached  or  main- 
tained upon  any  such  penthouse  or  other 
structure  situated  upon  the  roof  of  any 
building  of  Class  "A"  construction  shall 
not    exceed    15    feet    in    height    above    the 


roof  of  such  penthouse  or  other  roof 
structure  and  shall  not  exceed  in  width, 
the  width  of  the  roof  of  such  penthousu 
or  other  roof  structure  upon  which  such 
sign,  signboard  or  sif;n  device  is  erected, 
placed,  suspended,  attached  or  main- 
tained; provided,  however,  that  the  pro- 
visions of  this  section  shall  not  apply  to 
any  sign,  si£?nl)oard  or  sign  device  con- 
structed upon  a  penthouse  or  otlier  struc- 
ture situated  upon  the  roof  of  any  Ijuild- 
ing'  prior  to  the  adoption  of  this  ordi- 
nance. 

Sec.  8.  It  shall  lie  indawful  for  any 
person,  iirni  or  cori)oration  to  erect,  place, 
suspend,  attach  or  maintain,  or  to  cause 
or  permit  to  be  erected,  placed,  sus- 
pended, attached  or  maintained,  any  cloth 
or  canvas  sign  or  sign  device  upon  any 
building  within  Fire  Districts  Numbers  1, 
2,  ^  and  4;  provided,  however,  that  the 
provisions  of  this  section  shall  not  be 
deemed  to  prohibit  the  erecting,  placing, 
suspending,  attaching  or  maintaining  of 
any  sign  or  sign  device  constructed  of 
wood  faced  with  canvas,  wlvl:(;h  canvas 
shall  have  been  stretched  taunt  over  such 
wood  and  the  entire  surface  of  such  can- 
vas thoroughly  painted  after  being  at- 
tached to  such  wood. 

Sec.  9.  It  shall  be  unlawful  for  any 
person,  firm  or  corporation  to  erect,  place, 
suspend,  attach  or  maintain,  or  to  cause 
or  permit  to  be  erected,  placed,  sus- 
structed  and  maintained  not  less  than  3 
signboard  or  sign  device  upon  or  above 
the  roof  of  any  buildine  unless  the  same 
shall  be  constructed  and  maintained  in  ac- 
cordance   with    the    following   regulations: 

Any  sign,  signboard  or  sign  device 
erected,  placed,  suspended,  attached  or 
maintained  upon  or  above  the  roof  of  any 
building    shall 

(a)  Be  constructed  of  incombustible 
material; 

(b)  In  no  part  exceed  36  feet  in  height 
above  the  fire  wall  or  other  structure 
constructed  and  maintained  in  lieu  of 
said  fire  wall,  upon  an\'  building  other 
than  of  Class  "A"  construction,  and  shall 
in  no  part  exceed  60  feet  in  height  above 
said  fire  wall  or  other  structure  con- 
structed and  maintained  in  lieu  thereof, 
upon  any  building  of  Class  "A"  construc- 
tion. 

(c)  At  all  points  be  constructed  and 
maintained  not  less  than  3  feet  distant  in 
and  from  the  interior  face  of  any  and  all 
fire  walls  or  other  structures  maintained 
in  lieu  thereof,  or  the  exterior  walls  of 
the  building  upon  which  such  sign  is 
mtaintained,  and  at  all  points  to  be  con- 
structed and  maintained  not  less  than  3 
feet  distant  from  the  walls  of  any  ad- 
joining Ijuilding; 

(d)  At  all  points  to  be  constructed  and 
maintained  not  less  than  6  feet  above  the 
fire  walls  or  other  structure  maintained 
in  lieu  thereof,  and  at  such  place  as  may 
be  designated  by  the  Board  of  Public 
Works; 

(e)  Be  constructed  and  maintained  up- 
on an  iron  or  steel  frame  work  securely 
bolted  or  riveted   to   the   building; 

(f)  If  constructed  and  maintained  more 
than  16  feet  in  height  aljove  said  fire  wall 
or  other  structure  maintained  in  lieu 
thereof,    be    of    open    work    construction; 

(g)  If  an  electric  sign  be  limited  in  the 
voltage  used  for  the  illumination  thereof, 
not  to  exceed   220  volts; 

Every  electric  sign  erected,  constructed 
or  maintained  upon  or  above  the  roof  of 
any  building  shall  be  controlled  by  a  com- 


bination switch  and  cut  oui  or  by  a  re- 
mote control  switch,  located  upon  the  face 
of  the  outer  wall  of  the  liuilding  at  the 
right  of  the  main  entrance  thereof  and  at 
a  height  not  to  exceed  five  feet  above  the 
sidewalk  level.  Said  combination  switch 
and  cut  out  or  said  remote  control  switch 
shall  be  lettered  or  laljeled  with  raised 
letters  not  less  than  3  inches  in  height 
with  the  inscription  "R.  S. — F,  D."  and 
shall  be  located,  constructed  and  main- 
tained to  the  satisfaction  of  the  Board  of 
Public  Works  and  the  Chief  Kngineer  of 
the  Fire  Department. 

>s'o  permit  shall  be  granted  for  the  erec- 
tion and  maintenance  of  a  sign,  sign- 
Ijoard  or  sign  device  upon  or  alcove  the 
roof  of  any  building  locted  in  such  prox- 
imity to  a  high  voltage  wire  whereby 
damage  or  iniur>'  might  be  sustained  by 
reason  of  such  sign,  signboard  or  sign 
device  falling  upon  any  such  wire;  pro- 
vided, however,  that  the  provisions  of  this 
section  shall  not  appl.\-  to  any  sign,  sign- 
Ijoard  or  sign  device  constructed  upon  or 
above  the  roof  of  any  building  prior  to 
the  adoption  of  this  ordinance. 

Sec.  10.  It  shall  lie  unlawful  for  any 
person,  firm  or  corporation  to  erect,  place 
suspend,  attach  or  maintain,  or  to  cause 
or  permit  to  be  erected,  placed,  suspend- 
ed, attached  or  maintained,  any  sign, 
signboard  or  sign  device  upon  or  above 
the  roof  of  an\-  building  without  first  ob- 
taining a  permit  in  writing  so  to  do  from 
the  Board  of  Public  Works  and  payment 
of  the  fees  as  fixed  by  the  Building  Ordi- 
nances of  said  city. 

Provided,  however,  that  the  provisions 
of  this  section  shall  not  apply  to  any 
sign,  signboard  or  sign  device  construct- 
ed upon  or  above  the  roof  of  any  building 
l)rior  to  the  adoption  of  this  ordinance. 

Sec.  11.  It  shall  lie  unlawful  for  any 
l)erson,  firm  or  corporation  to  advertise 
or  display,  or  to  cause  or  permit  to  be 
advertised  or  displayed,  any  immoral  ov 
unlawful  act,  business  or  purpose,  in  o! 
ui)on  any   sign,    signboard   or   sign   device. 

Sec.  12.  It  shall  be  unlawful  for  any 
Ijerson,  firm  or  corporation  to  use,  or  to 
cause  or  permit  to  be  used  in  the  opera- 
tion of  an  electric  sign,  signboard  or  sign 
device,  any  wire  unless  the  insulation 
upon  every  such  wire  conforms  to  the  re- 
(luirements  of  the  ordinances  of  said  city 
in   relation   thereto. 

Sec.  13.  Tt  shall  be  unlawful  for  any 
person,  firm  or  corjioration  to  use,  or  to 
cause  or  permit  to  lie  tised  for  the  pur- 
pose of  sustaining  or  connecting  any  such 
electric  sign,  signboard  or  sign  device  up- 
on or  above  the  roof  of  any  liuilding,  any 
material,  unless  such  material  be  fire- 
proof. 

Sec.  14.  Every  sign  constructed,  erect- 
ed and  maintained  under  any  permit 
granted  pursuant  to  the  provisions  of  this 
ordinance  shall  be  built  of  the  best  ma- 
terials and  conslructed  in  a  workmanlike 
manner,  and  shall  be  located,  constructed 
and  maintained  to  the  satisfaction  of  the 
Board  of  Pulilic  Works,  and  shall  at  all 
times  be  kept  in  repair  b\-  the  person, 
firm  or  corporation  owning,  operating  or 
having  the  care,  custody  or  control  of  any 
such  sign,  and  all  such  repairs  shall  be 
made  sul)ject  to  the  inspection  and  ap- 
pi-oval  of  the  Board  of  Public  Works  and 
the    Kngineer   of   the   Fire   Department. 

Sec.  15.  The  Board  of  Public  AVorks 
shall  in  the  event  of  a  violation  or  a  fail- 
ure to  comply  with  any  of  the  provisions 
of    this    ordinance    or    any    order    of    said 


82 


Board  in  relation  thereto,  have  the  power 
to  revoke  the  permit  granted  hereunder 
and  to  order  any  such  sign  maintained  in 
violation  of  the  provisions  of  this  ordi- 
nance to  be  taken  down  and  removed 
within  thirty  days  from  the  revocation  of 
said   permit. 

Sec.  16.  It  shall  be  unlawful  for  any 
person,  firm  or  corporation  to  erect,  place, 
suspend,  attach  or  maintain,  or  to  cause 
or  permit  to  be  erected,  placed,  sus- 
pended, attached  or  maintained,  any  sign, 
signboard  or  sign  device  of  any  kind  or 
character  upon  any  portion  of  any  can- 
vas awning  or  metal  canopy  extending 
over  any  portion  of  any  pviblic  street, 
sidewalk,  alley  or  other  public  place;  pro- 
vided, however,  that  the  provisions  of 
this  section  shall  not  be  construed  to 
prohibit  the  painting  of  a  sign  directly 
upon  the  vertical  hanging  border  Of  any 
canvas  awning  that  is  constructed  and 
maintained  in  the  manner  provided  by  the 
ordinances  of  the  City  of  I^os  Angeles; 
and  provided,  further,  that  the  provisions 
of  this  section  shall  not  be  construed  to 
prohibit  t^^e  painting  or  outlining  of  a 
sign  directly  upon  the  vertical  hanging 
border  of  any  metal  canopy  that  is  con- 
structed and  maintained  in  the  manner 
provided  by  the  ordinances  of  the  City  of 
Los  Angeles. 

It  shall  be  unlawful  for  any  person,  firm 
or  corporation  to  place  or  maintain,  or  to 
cause  or  permit  to  be  placed  or  main- 
tained, any  light  for  the  illumination  of 
any  such  sign  painted  upon  the  vertical 
hanging  border  of  a  canvas  awning  or 
upon  the  vertical  hanging  border  of  a 
metal  canopy,  except  such  lights  as  are 
maintained  for  the  illumination  of  the 
sidewalk  beneath  such  canvas  awning  or 
metal  canopy. 

It  shall  be  unlawful  for  any  person,  firm 
or  corporation  to  construct  or  maintain, 
or  to  cause  or  permit  to  be  constructed 
or  maintained,  any  box,  covering  or  en- 
cloRU'-e  of  an"  k^id  for  t'le  purpose  of 
covering  or  enclosing  any  light  placed  or 
maintained  under  or  about  any  such  can- 
vas awning  or  metal  canopy,  or  to  con- 
struct or  maintain,  or  to  cause  or  permit 
to  be  constructed  or  maintained,  any  re- 
flector or  anv  other  appliance  that  will 
reflect  any  light  upon  or  through  any  por- 
tion of  any  such  canvas  awning  or  metal 
can  op  v.  or  I'pon  or  through  any  sign 
painted  or  outlined  thereupon. 

Sec.  17.  It  shall  be  unlawful  for  any 
person,  firm  or  corporation  to  erect,  place, 
suspend,  attach  or  maintain  or  to  cause 
or  permit  to  be  erected,  placed,  suspend- 
ed, attached  or  maintained,  any  sign 
signboard  or  sign  device  of  any  kind  or 
character  in  such  a  manner  that  the  same 
shall  project  more  than  .six  inches  inio 
anv  street  from  any  property  line  or  more 
than  six  inches  from  the  face  of  the  build- 
ing in  front  of  which  such  sign,  sign- 
board or  sign  device  is  maintained,  if  the 
lowest  portion  of  such  sign,  signboard  or 
sign  device  is  nearer  than  seven  feet  from 
the  surface  of  the  street  or  sidewalk  over 
which  the  same  projects. 

Sec.  18.  A  sign,  signboard  or  sign  de- 
vice shall  be  deemed  to  be  erected,  placed, 
suspended,  atached  and  maintained  upon 
a  building,  within  the  meaning  of  this 
ordinance,  if  such  sign,  signboard  or  sign 
device  is  attached  or  fastened  directly  to 
such  building,  or  if  the  same  is  attached 
or  fastened  to  any  appliance  or  appuratus 
of  anv  kind  t^iat  is  attached  or  fastened 
to  such  building. 


Sec.  19.  That  nothing  in  this  ordi- 
nance contained  shall  be  construed  to 
prohibit  any  of  the  following: 

First:  The  publisher  or  proprietor  of 
any  daily  newspaper  in  the  City  of  Los 
Angeles,  from  erecting,  placing  or  main- 
taining upon  the  sidewalk  in  front  of  the 
office  of  such  newspaper,  as  near  to  the 
curb  as  possible,  and  not  less  than  ten 
feet  from  the  line  of  an  intersecting 
street,  not  more  than  two  newspaper  l3ul- 
letin  boards,  not  exceeding  seven  feet  in 
height,  to  be  used  exclusively  for  post- 
ing copies  of  the  issues  of  such  news- 
papers thereon. 

Second:  The  erecting,  placing  or 
maintaining  of  any  street  clock  which  has 
a  dial  not  less  than  thirty  inches  nor 
more  than  forty  inches  in  diameter,  and 
which  is  supported  upon  a  well  painted 
iron  post  of  ornamental  design,  not  less 
than  fifteen  nor  more  than  twenty  feet 
in  height,  nor  more  than  twenty  inches 
in  diameter,  set  in  the  sidewalk  of  any 
public  street,  within  two  feet  from  the 
outer  edge  of  the  curb  thereof,  and  not 
less  than  twenty  feet  from  the  curb  of 
any  intersecting  street;  or  such  clock  may 
be'  suspended  from  or  supported  by 
the  corner  of  a  building  at  the  intersec- 
tion of  streets  at  a  height  not  less  than 
fifteen  nor  more  than  twenty  feet  in  the 
clear  above  the  streets  or  sidewalks  in  a 
manner  which  will  not  obstruct  traffic,  if 
securely  fastened  or  suspended  by  a  con- 
struction sufficient  in  strength  to  sustain 
four  times  its  weight.  The  structure  or 
device  in  which  such  clock  so  suspended 
or  supported  is  contained  shall  not  ex- 
ceed in  height  one-tenth  the  height  of 
the  building  to  which  it  is  fastened,  nor 
a  height  of  twelve  feet;  nor  shall  it  pro- 
ject from  the  face  of  said  building  in  any 
direction  more  than  half  its  height,  nor 
niore   than  five  feet. 

Third:  The  Board  of  Library  Directors 
of  the  City  of  Los  Angeles  from  erecting, 
placing  or  maintaining  upon  the  sidewalk 
in  front  of  any  branch  library  in  the  city, 
as  near  the  curb  as  possible,  and  not 
]e=;«  t'^^n  ten  feet  from  the  line  of  an  in- 
tersecting street,  not  more  than  one  metal 
sign  containing  the  words  "Public  Li- 
brary." Each  such  sign  shall  be  sup- 
ported by  a  cast  iron  post  not  exceeding 
seven  feet  in  height. 

Fourth:  The  owner,  lessee,  manager  or 
proprietor  of  anv  theater  from  erecting, 
placing  or  maintaining  upon  the  sidewalk 
in  front  of  such  theater,  and  as  near  the 
curb  as  possible,  and  not  less  than  ten 
feet  from  the  line  of  an  intersecting 
street,  not  more  than  two  theater  bulletin 
boards,  not  exceeding  seven  feet  in 
height,  to  be  used  exclusively  for  an- 
nouncing or  advertising  anv  performance 
to  take  place  in  such  f^eiter.  Every 
siich  bulletin  board  shall  be  so  construct- 
ed as  not  to  obstruct  or  interfere  wicn 
ins^ess    to    or    egress    from    such    theater. 

Fifth:  The  suspension  and  maintenance 
of  a  cloth  or  canvas  sign  or  banner  over 
and  across  any  public  street,  in  the  City 
of  Los  Angeles,  announcing  or  advertising 
anv  National  or  State  Convention,  pro- 
vided a  permit  therefor  is  first  obtained 
from  the  Board  of  Public  "U^orks  of  said 
City.  No  such  permit  shall  be  granted 
for  a  longer  period  than  one  week;  pro- 
vided, however,  the  said  Poard  of  Public 
Works  may  at  the  expiration  of  anv  such 
permit,  grant  an  extension  or  renewal 
thereof. 

For  the  purpose  of  this  section  a  thea- 


83 


ter  is  defined  to  be  a  room,  hall  or  audi- 
torium where  plays,  operas,  spectacles  or 
similar  forms  of  entertainment  are  given 
and  during  the  presentation  of  which 
movable  scenery  is  used. 

Provided,  however,  that  it  shall  be  un- 
lawful for  any  person,  firm  or  corporation 
to  erect,  place  or  maintain,  or  to  cause 
or  permit  to  be  erected,  placed  or  main- 
tained, any  such  newspaper  bulletin 
board,  or  any  such  theater  bulletin  board, 
or  any  such  clock,  or  to  hang,  suspend 
or  place,  or  to  cause  or  permit  to  be 
hung,  suspended  or  placed,  any  such 
cloth  or  canvas  sign  or  banner,  without 
first  obtaining  a  permit  in  writing  so  to 
do  from  the  Board  of  Public  Works. 

Sec.  20.  For  the  purpose  of  this  ordi- 
nance, the  term  "face  of  the  building" 
shall  be  construed  to  mean  the  general 
outer  surface  of  the  main  wall  of  the 
building  facing  the  street,  except  that  in 
the  case  of  bay  windows  projecting  be- 
yond such  wall,  the  outer  surface  of  such 
window  shall  be  considered  the  face  of 
the  building  at  that  point;  the  term 
"Street"  shall  be  construed  to  mean  any 
public  street,  sidewalk,  alley  or  other 
public  place  in  the  City  of  Los  Angeles: 
and  the  term  "sign,"  signboard"  and 
"sign  device"  shall  include  the  frame  to 
which  such  sign,  signboard  or  sign  device 
is  attached. 

Sec.  21.  That  any  person,  firm  or  cor- 
poration violating  any  of  the  provisions 
of  this  ordinance  shall  be  deemed  guilty 
of  a  misdemeanor,  and  upon  conviction 
thereof,  shall  be  punishable  by  a  fine  of 
not  less  than  five  ($5)  dollars,  nor  more 
than  one  hundred  ($100),  or  by  imprison- 
ment in  the  City  Jail  for  a  period  of  not 
more  than  fifty  (50)  days,  or  by  both 
such  fine  and  imprisonment. 

Each  such  person,  firm  or  corporation 
shall  be  deemed  guilty  of  a  separate  of- 
fense for  every  day  during  any  portion 
of  which  any  violation  of  any  provision 
of  this  ordinance  is  committed,  continued 
or  permitted  by  such  person,  firm  or  cor- 
poration, and  shall  be  punishable  there- 
for as  provided  by  this  ordinance. 

Sec.  22.  That  Ordinance  No.  20,540 
(New  Series),  entitled  "An  Ordinance 
regulating  the  erection  and  maintenance 
of  signs  and  bulletin  boards  in  the  City 
of  Los  Angeles,"  approved  July  2,  1910, 
and  all  ordinances  amendatory  thereto  or 
thereof,  and  all  other  ordinances  in  con- 
flict with  this  ordinance,  be  and  the  same 
are  hereby  repealed:  provided  that  any 
such  repeal  shall  not  effect  or  prevent 
the  prosecution  and  punishment  of  any 
person,  firm  or  corporation  for  any  act 
done  or  permitted  in  violation  of  any  or- 
dinance which  may  be  repealed  by  this 
ordinance,  and  shall  not  affect  any  prose- 
cution or  action  which  may  be  pending  in 
any  court  for  the  violation  of  any  ordi- 
nance repealed  by  this  ordinance. 

Sec.  23.  The  City  Clerk  shall  certify  to 
the  passage  of  this  ordinance  and  cause 
the  same  to  be  published  once  in  The  Los 
Angeles  Daily  .Tournal. 

I  hereby  certify  that  the  foregoing  or- 
dinance was  introduced  at  the  meeting  of 
the  Council  of  the  City  of  Los  Angeles 
of  November  26.  1912,  and  was  passed  at 
its  meeting  of  December  .31,   1912. 

LORIN  A.   HANDLKT, 

City   Clerk. 
By  D.  M.  Carroll,   Deputy. 

Approved  this  3rd  day  of  January,  1913. 
GEO.    ALEXANDER, 
Mayor. 


Swinging  Stages 

Ordinance   No.  26,431 
(New  Series) 

An  ordinance  regulating  the  construc- 
tion of  swinging  stages  used  in  the  erec- 
tion of  or  work  performed  upon  build- 
ings. 

The  Mayor  and  Council  of  the  City  of 
Los  Angeles  do  ordain  as  follows: 

Section  1.  It  shall  be  unlawful  for  any 
person,  firm  or  corporation  engaged  in 
the  construction  or  erection  of  any  build- 
ing or  other  structure  in  the  City  of  Los 
Angeles,  of  two  stories  or  more  in  height, 
or  in  performing  or  causing  to  be  per- 
formed any  work  or  labor  upon  any  build- 
ing or  other  structure  in  said  city,  of  two 
stories  or  more  in  height  to  use,  in  the 
construction  or  erection  of  any  such 
l)uilding  or  other  structure  upon  or  above 
the  second  story  thereof,  or  in  the  per- 
formance of  any  work  or  labor  upon  any 
such  building  or  other  structure  upon  or 
above  the  second  story  thereof,  any 
swinging  stage,  unless  such  swing  stage 
conforms  to  the  requirements  of  the  pro- 
visions of  this  ordinance. 

SWINGING   STAGE 

Ever>-  swinging  stage  used  upon  or 
above  the  second  story  of  any  building  or 
other  structure  for  any  of  the  purposes 
described  in  this  ordinance  shall  conform 
to  the  following  specifications: 

The  platform  of  every  such  swinging- 
stage  shall  be  not  less  than  two  feet  wide, 
and  shall  extend  the  entire  length  of  said 
swinging  stage:  said  swinging  stage  shall 
be  equipped  with  a  wooden  guard  rail, 
two  by  three  inches  in  diameter,  or  of 
some  material  of  equal  dimensions  and 
strength,  which  has  extend  the  entire 
length  of  said  swinging  stage.  Said 
guard  rail  shall  be  constructed  and  main- 
tained at  all  points  not  less  than  three 
feet  in  height  above  the  level  of  said  plat- 
form. Said  swinging  stage  shall  be 
equipped  with  two  stirrups  constructed 
of  iron  or  steel,  not  less  than  three-quar- 
ters of  an  inch  in  diameter,  which  shall 
be  constructed  to  support  and  securely 
fasten  said  guard  rail. 

Said  swinging  stage  shall  be  equipped 
witli  two  fenders  constructed  of  wood  of 
not  less  than  two  by  four  inches  in 
diameter,  or  of  some  material  of  equal 
dimensions  and  strength,  and  of  sufficient 
length  to  support  said  platform.  Every 
swinging  stage  shall  be  equipped  with 
block  and  tackle  of  the  best  material 
obtainable.  All  rope  used  in  the  opera- 
tion of  every  such  swinging  stage  for  a 
distance  of  fifty  feet  or  more  shall  be  not 
less  than  three-fourth  inch  in  diameter. 
I'vVery  hook  used  in  the  operation  of  such 
swinging  stage  shall  be  constructed  of  iron 
or  steel.  Every  such  swinging  stage 
sliall  be  constructed  and  maintained  to 
bear  four  times  the  maximum  weight  to 
be  dependent  therefrom  and  placed  there- 
on. 

Sec.  2.  That  any  person,  firm  or  cor- 
poration violating  any  of  the  provisions 
of  this  ordinance  shall  be  deemed  guilty 
of  a  misdemeanor,  and  upon  conviction 
thereof  shall  be  punishal)le  by  a  fine  of 
not  more  than  five  hundred  dollars  ($500), 
or  Ijy  imprisonment  in  the  city  jail  for  a 
lieriod  of  not  more  than  six  (6)  months, 
or  l>v  both   such  fine  and   imprisonment. 

Sec.    3.     The   City  Clerk   shall  certify   to 


84 


the  passage  of  this  ordinance  and  cause 
the  same  to  be  published  once  in  The  Los 
Angeles   Daily  Journal. 

I  hereby  certify  that  the  foregoing  or- 
dinance was  introduced  at  the  meeting;  of 
the  Council  of  the  City  of  Los  Angeles  of 


November  12,  1912,  and  was  passed  at  its 
meeting   of  November   26,   1912. 

LORIN   A.    HANDLEY, 

City    Clerk. 

Approved    this    27th    day    of    November, 

1912.  GEO.    ALEXANDER,  Mayor. 


INDEX   TO   ADVERTISERS 


American  Cement   Products  Co 185 

Baker  Iron  Works 86 

Bean,  J.  H.  &  Son 174 

Berger  Mfg.  Co.,  The 98 

Bevis,  D.  G.  &  Co 161 

Blinn,  The  L.  W.  Lumber  Co 2 

Bohnhoff,  C.  W Inside  front  cover 

Bradley-Wise  Paint  Co 186 

Brombacher  Iron  Works 56 

Buttonlath    Mfg.    Co 97 

Buttress  &  McClellan  4 

City  Ornamental  Iron  Works 162 

Collins   &  Webb,  Inc 140 

Consumers  Rock  &  Gravel  Co 85 

Crawford,  A.  J 63 

Davis,  B.  Y.  Roofing  Co 161 

Duncan,    J.    C 97 

Dwan,   J.   E 86 

Electric  Corporation,  The 89 


First    National    Bank 6 

Fisher   Mfg.    Co 55 

Franklin  &  Boyce 55 

Fulton  Engine  Works  Back  inside  cov 

Golden  State  Portland  Cement  Co.  43 
Graves  Sash,  Door  &  Mill  Co 166 

Hammond  Lumber  Co 136 

Harron,  Rickard  &  McCone 4 

Henry  Decorative  Marble  Co 18 

Hepburn    Mill    Co 172 

Herringbone  Metal  Lath  Co 97 

Herzog  Sash  &  Door  Co 166 

Hipolito  Screen  &  Sash  Co 186 

Hoover,  W.  E 32 

Hoyt    Heater    Co 55 

Johnson   Oil   Burner  Co 59 

Johnson-Wilcox  Hardwood  Lumber 

Co 32 

Jones,  James  Co 81 

Kellastone  Mfg.  Co 85 

Kress  House  Moving  Co 8 

Listenwalter  &   Gough 110 

Llewellyn   Iron   Works 86 

Los  Angeles  Brick  Co 14 

Los  Angeles  "Cement  Gun"  Co 18 

Los  Anceles  Desk  Co.  (See  Buyer's 
Guide) 

Los  Angeles  Mfg.  Co 67 

Los  Angeles  Pressed  Brick  Co 108 

Los   Angeles  Trailer  Co 8 

Lyon-McKinney-Smith  Co 20 


Mahana  Co.,  Geo.  T 8 

Maritzen-Kunz  Co 4 

McArthur,  William  88 

Murray  &  Ready  10 

Narver,  David  C,  Co 12 

National   Cornice  Works 114 

National  Hardwood   Co 12 

Newbery  Electric   Co.,  F.  E 17 


O'Connor,    J.    J 

Otis  Elevator  Co. 


98 
39 


Pacific  Coast  Ornamental  Iron  Wks.  87 

Pacific   Hardware  Mfg.   Co 4 

Pacific  Sanitary  Mfg.  Co 27 

Ppdgrift   Bros.   &   Liebold 32 

Pico  Heights  Lumber  Co 18 

Pioneer  Paper  Co 166 

Potts,  Fred  E 174 

Price,  Corcoran,  Pfister  Co 83 


Riverside  Portland  Cement  Co. 

Rotary  Mfg.   Co 

Russell-Greene-Foell  Co 


20 
99 
85 

St.  Louis  Fire  Brick  &  Clay  Co 110 

San  Pedro  Lumber  Co 100 

Schumacher  Wall  Board  Co 135 

Security  Trust  &  Savings  Bank 14 

Shealy   Safe   Co 162 

Simons  Brick  Co 45 

Smith,  Emery  Co 83 

So.  Cal.  Blue  Print  &  Supply  Co 161 

So.  Cal.  Hardwood  &  Mfg.  Co 8 

So.  Cal.  Iron  &  Steel  Co 61 

So.  Cal.  Rock  &  Gravel  Co 14 

Southwestern  Portland  Cement  Co. 

Inside  front  cover 

Summit  Lime  Co 43 

Sweetser  &  Baldwin  Safe  Co 166 

Tay-Mac  Co 17 

Thompson,  Alfred  H 140 

Tressler  Ornamental  Iron  Works....l62 

Union  Lime  Co Back  cover 

United  Cornice  Works 18 

United  States  Steel  Products  Co.  of 
Los  Angeles    (See  Buyers'  Guide) 

Washington   Iron   Works 

Back  inside  cover 

Waymon,  E.  W 32 

Westberg,  Ed 114 

Western  Blind  &  Screen  Co 185 

Wh'tire-Mead  Commercial  Co 110 

E.  K.  Wood  Lumber  Co Back  cover 


85 


VfNETIAN 
BLINDS 


For    Schools,    Offices,    Banks,    Residences,    Sleeping    Porches, 

Verandas,  Etc. 
They  convert  direct  sun-light  into  refletced   or  inverted   light. 
Exclude   glare   and   heat.       Aid   ventilation   and   preserve   eye- 
sight,  health   and   comfort. 
AVESTEKN    BLIND    AND    SCREEN    CO. 

South  3643  2700  Long  Beach  Ave.  Home  23609 


Phone   Home   28437 


Sunset  South   2  796 


THE  POST  OF  DUTY 

Made  in  Different  Sizes,   Designs  and  Colors. 

They  never  rust,  rot  or  wear.      Neither  do  they 
require  painting  or  repairs. 

We  also  manufacture  Concrete  Irrigation  and 
Sewer  Pipe 

AMERICAN  CEMENT  PRODUCTS  CO 

CONCRETE  FOR   PERMANENCE 
3248  Long  Beach  Ave. 


86 


E.  J.  STANTON  &  SON 


Dealers  in 

HARDWOOD     LUMBER,    VENEERS    AND     FLOORING 

CALIFORNIA  SUGAR  AND  WHITE  PINE 

WHITE  CEDAR  AND  SPRUCE 

Largest  and  Most  Complete  Dry  Stock   on  the  Coast 

FLOORING — Oak,  Maple,  Birch,  Beech 

HARDWOODS  for  Interior  Finish,  Cabinet  Woods,  Wagon 

and  Auto  Materials,  Fancy  Veneers 

Yards  and   Offices:      Thirty-eighth   and   Alameda 
Phones:  South    1062;  Home  60356 

GET  OUR  PRICES   ON   CARLOAD   LOTS 


HIPOLITO  EVEN  TENSION  SCREENS 
HIPOUTO  REVERSIBLE  WINDOWS 

ROLL  SCREENS  OF  ALL  KINDS 

Specified  when  good   materials  and  workmanship  are  valued 

HIPOLITO  SCREEN  &  SASH  CO 

Home  20436— South  47 
Twenty-first  and  Alameda  Sts.  Los  Angeles,  Cal. 


BRADLEY'S  HIGH  GRADE 
LIQUID  PAINT 

THE  PAINT  WITH  MERIT 

Enamels,      Enamel     Undercoating 

Coatings 
Kon  Krete  Kote,  a  Cement  Finish 
Brushes     and     Painters'     Supplies 


87 


BUYERS'  GUIDE 

Being  a  classiriea  list  or  advertisers  kerein 


Art   Goods    (Metal) 

Pacific  Hardware   Mfg.  Co 4 

Artificial   Stone 

Tay-Mac  Company  17 

Asbestos  Protected   Metal 

D.  G.  Bevis  &  Co 161 

Asbestos   Steel 

D.  G.  Bevis  &  Co 161 

Asphalt   Plants 

D.  G.  Bevis  &  Co 161 

Asphaltum 

Whiting-Mead  Commercial  Co 110 

Bank    Equipment 

Sweetser  &  Baldwin  Safe  Co 166 

Bank   Fixtures 

Brombacher  Iron  Works 56 

Pacific  Sanitary  Mfg.   Co 27 

Bath   Tubs 
Washington  Iron  Works 

Back  inside  cover 

Whiting-Mead   Commercial   Co 110 

Blinds — Venetian 

Western  Blind  &  Screen  Co 185 

Blue    Prints 
Southern   California  Blue  Print   & 

Supply  Co 161 

Boilers — Steam 

Baker  Iron  Works 86 

Buttress  &  McClellan 4 

Fulton  Engine  Works 

Back  inside  cover 

Llewellyn  Iron  Works 86 

Bolts,  Nuts 

Southern  California  Iron  &  Steel  Co.  61 

Brass   Work 

James  Jones  Co 81 

Brass  Fittings  &  Specialties 

James  Jones  Co , 81 

Brick 

Los  Angeles  Brick  Co 14 

Los  Angeles  Pressed  Brick  Co 108 

Simons  Brick  Co 45 

Brick — Common 

Simons  Brick  Co 45 

Brick — Enameled 

Los  Angeles  Pressed  Brick  Co 108 

Brick — Pressed 

Los  Angeles  Pressed  Brick  Co 108 

Simons  Brick  Co 45 

Brick  Sand 

Consumers  Rock  &  Gravel  Co 85 

Bronze  &   Iron  Castings 
Fulton  Engine  Works 

Back  inside  cover 

Bronze  Ornamental  Castings 

James  Jones  Co 81 

Builders    Hardware 

Pacific  Hardware  Co 4 

Whiting-Mead   Commercial   Co 110 


Building   Paper 

Pioneer  Paper  Co 166 

Whiting-Mead  Commercial  Co 110 

Buttonlath 

Buttonlath    Mfg.    Co 97 

Union  Lime  Co Back  cover 

Cable  Excavating  Machinery 
Fulton   Engine   Works 

Back  inside  cover 

Cabinet  Work 
Graves  Sash.  Door  &  Mill  Co 166 

Cars  &  Tracks 

D.   G.  Bevis  &  Co 161 

Car  Unloaders 

D.   G.   Bevis  &  Co 161 

Ceilings — Metal 

National   Cornice   Works 114 

Ceilings — Steel 

Berger  Mfg.  Co 98 

Whiting-Mead  Commercial  Co 110 

Cement 
Golden  State  Portland  Cement  Co. 
(Bear  Brand  Portland  Cement)....  43 

Hammond  Lumber  Co 136 

Pico  Heights  Lumber  Co 18 

Riverside  Portland  Cement  Co 20 

Southwestern  Portland  Cement  Co. 

Inside  front  cover 

Union  Lime  Co Back  cover 

"Cement  Gun"  Construction 

L.  A.  Cement  Gun  Construction  Co.  18 

Cement   Mixers 

D.  G.  Bevis  &  Co 161 

Certain-teed    Roofs 

The  B.  Y.  Davis  Roofing  Co 161 

Chemists 

Smith,  Emery  Co 83 

Concrete 

American  Cement  Products  Co 186 

Concrete   Carts 

Harron,  Rickard  &  McCone 4 

Concrete   Floor   Hardeners 
(Metallic   Liquid) 

Herringbone  Metal  Lath  Co 97 

Concrete  Mixers 

Herron.  Rickard   &   McCone 4 

Concrete — Ornamental 

Henry  Decorative   Marble  Co. 18 

Concrete  Sand 

Consumers  Rock  &  Gravel  Co 85 

Conduct  Pipes 

Berger   Mfg.   Co 98 

Contractors — Equipment,   Machinery 

D.  G.  Bevis  &  Co 161 

Collins   &  Webb  141 

Contractors — Equipment  Bought,  Sold, 

Rented 
D.   G.   Bevis   &   Co 161 


88 


Conveying  Systems 

Maritzen-Kunz.  Co 4 

Cornice  Work 

National   Cornice  Works 114 

United  Cornice  Works 18 

Corrugated    Iron 
United  States  Steel  Products  Co.  of 

Los  Angeles 

Whiting-Mead  Commercial  Co —110 

Crystallized  Granite 

Henry  Decorative  Marble  Co 18 

Damp-Proofing 

J.  E.  Dwan  86 

Decorating 

E.  W.  Waymon  32 

Deafening    Paper 

Pioneer  Paper  Co 166 

Derricks 

Herron,  Rickard  &  McCone  Co 4 

Desks 

Los  Angeles  Desk  Co 

Doors — Fireproof  Metal 

National   Cornice   Works 114 

Doors — Flush   Veneer 

J.  E.  Dwan ..-  86 

Doors — Hollow   Metal 

J.  E.  Dwan  86 

Door  Jambs — Metal 

J.  E.  Dwan  86 

Doors — Metal  Covered 

J.  E.  Dwan 86 

Doors — Safety  Elevator 

Maritzen-Kunz  Co 4 

Doors — Sidewalk 

J.  E.  Dwan  86 

Doors — Steel    Rolling 

J.  E.  Dwan  86 

Maritzen-Kunz.    Co 4 

Sweetser-Baldwin  Safe  Co 166 

Drain boards 

Kellastone  Mfg.  Co 85 

Dumb  Waiters 

Maritzen-Kunz  Co --     4 

Dump  Truck  Contractor 

W.  E.  Hoover  32 

Eave  Troughs 

Berger  Mfg.   Co 98 

Electric  Dumb  Waiters 

Baker  Iron  Works 86 

Electric  Food  Warmers 

J.  E.  Dwan  - --  86 

Electric   Supplies 

The  Electric  Corporation 89 

F.  E.  Newbery  Electric  Co 17 

Listenwalter  &   Gough,   Inc 110 

Electrical    Wire 
United  States  Seel  Products  Co.  of 

Los  Angeles  

Elevators — Passenger,  Freight 

Baker  Iron  Works 86 

D.  G.  Bevis   &   Co 161 

Fulton  Engine  Works 

Back  inside  cover 


Llewellyn  Iron  Works 86 

Otis  Elevator  Co 39 

Elevator   Cables 
United  States  Steel  Products  Co.  of 

Los  Angeles 

Elevators  &  Conveyors 

Baker  Iron  Works... 86 

Elevator    Enclosures 
Pacific  Coast  Ornamental  Iron  Wks.  87 

City  Ornamental  Iron  Works 162 

Tressler  Ornamental  Iron  Works. ...162 
Elevator    Equipment 

Collins   &  Webb  140 

Employment   Agency 

Murray  &   Ready  10 

Enamels 

Bradley-Wise  Paint  Co 186 

Engines — Gas 

Collins  &   Webb 140 

Engines — Steam 

Baker  Iron  Works 86 

Fulton  Engine  Works 

Back  inside  cover 

Collins   &   Webb 140 

Engine — Hoisting 

Herron,  Rickard  &  McCone 4 

Engineers — Chemical 

Smith,  Emery  &  Co 83 

Engineers — Electrical 

F.  E.  Newbery  Electrical  Co 17 

Engineers,  Founders  &  Machinists 

Baker  Iron  Works 86 

Fences,  Rails,  Gates — Wire,  Brass,  Iron 

City  Ornamental  Iron  Works 162 

Tressler  Ornamental  Iron  Works.  .162 
Filing   Systems 

L.  A.  Desk  Co 

Fire   Brick 

St.  Louis  Fire  Brick  &  Clay  Co 110 

Los  Angeles  Pressed  Brick  Co 108 

Fire  Clay  Products 

St.  Louis  Fire  Brick  &  Clay  Co 110 

Fire    Escapes 

Brombacher  Iron  Works 56 

Pacific  Coast  Ornamental  Iron  Wks.  87 

City  Ornamental  Iron  Works 162 

Tressler  Ornamental  Iron  Works. .162 
Fire-Proofing 

Los  Angeles  Pressed  Brick  Co 108 

National   Cornice  Works 114 

Fittings 

Price,  Corcorna,  Pfister  Co 83 

Fixtures — Electric 

F.  E.  Newberry  Electric  Co 17 

Fixtures— Display 

Pacific  Hardware  Mfg.  Co 4 

Fixtures — Metal 

Brombacher  Iron  Works ...  56 

Fixtures — Store,  Office,   Bank 
Southern    California    Hardwood    & 

Mfg.  Co - 8 

Flooring 
C.  W.  Bohnhoff Inside  front  cover 


89 


Hammond  Lumber  Co 136 

Johnson-Wilcox  Hardwood  Lumber 

Co - 32 

National  Hardwood  Co 12 

E.  J.  Stanton  &  Son 186 

Whiting-Mead  Commercial  Co 110 

Floor  Cement  Hardener 

J.  E.  Dwan  86 

Floor   Composition 

Kellastone  Mfg.  Co 85 

Floors — Cement,  Cork 

J.  E.  Dwan  86 

Floors — Tile 

Los  Angeles  Pressed  Brick  Co 108 

Floor    Finishes 

National  Hardwood  Co 12 

Foundry 

Pacific  Hardware  Co 4 

Furnaces 

National   Cornice   Works 114 

Rotary  Mfg.  Co 99 

United  Cornice  Works 18 

Furniture 

Lyon-McKinney-Smith  Co.. 20 

Furniture — Metal 

Sweetser  &  Baldwin  Safe  Co 166 

Galvanizing 

United  Cornice  Works 18 

Gas  Fitters 

Wm.  McArthur 88 

Gas    Furnaces 

National   Cornice  Works 114 

Gas  Ranges 

Lyon-McKinney-Smith  Co 20 

Gas   Steam    Boilers — Heating   Systems 

Alfred  H.  Thompson 140 

Gas  Steam   Boilers — Power  Systems 

Alfred  H.  Thompson 140 

Gasoline   Locomotives 

D.  G.  Bevls  &  Co 161 

Glass — Art,  Lead,  Plate,  Prism 

J.  E.  Dwan  86 

Graves  Sash,  Door  &  Mill  Co 166 

Glass  Sidewalk  Lights 

Berger  Mfg.  Co 98 

J.  E.  Dwan  86 

Graders 

D.  G.  Bevis  &  Co 161 

Gravel 

W.  E.  Hoover  32 

Russell-Greene-Foell  Co 85 

So.  California  Rock  &  Gravel  Co 14 

Gravity   Chute   Equipment 

D.  G.  Bevis  &  Co 161 

Grinders — All   Kinds 

Collins  &   Webb 140 

Hardwood 

C.  W.  Bohnhoff Inside  front  cover 

So.  California  Hardwood  &  Mfg.  Co.     8 

E.  J.  Stanton  &  Son 186 

Heating    Appliances 

Brombacher  Iron  Works 56 

National   Cornice  Works 114 


Hoists 
Baker  Iron  Works 86 

D.  G.  Bevis  &  Co 161 

Hoosier   Kitchen   Cabinets 

Lyon-McKinney-Smith  Co 20 

Hose — Air,   Steam,   Water 

Harron,  Rickard  &  McCone.. 4 

House    Heating 

Hoyt    Heating    Co •. 55 

Rotary  Mfg  Co 99 

Wm.   McArthur  88 

House    Moving 

Kress  House  Moving  Co 8 

Inlaid    Flooring 

National  Hardwood  Co 12 

Incinerators 

Maritzen-Kunz  Co 4 

Inspecting  '^ 

Smith,  Emery  &  Co 83 

Insulating    Paper 

Pioneer  Paper  Co 166 

Insurance 

Geo.   T.   Mahana   Co 8 

Interior  Finish 

Pico  Heights  Lumber  Co 18 

Iron    &.    Bronze    Castings 
Fulton  Engine  Works 

Inside  back  cover 

Iron    Pipe — Wrought 

Whiting-Mead  Commercial  Co 110 

Iron   &   Steel 

Baker  Iron  Works 86 

Irrigation  Pipe — Black  &  Galvanized 

Los   Angeles    Mfg.    Co 67 

Kellastone 

Kellastone  Mfg.  Co 85 

Laundry    Equipment 

Maritzen-Kunz.    Co 4 

Pacific  Sanitary  Mfg.  Co 27 

Laundry  Trays 
Washington    Iron   Works 

Inside  back  cover 

Whiting-Mead  Commercial  Co .110 

Lavatories 
Washington   Iron   Works 

Inside  back  cover 

Whiting-Mead  Commercial  Co 110 

Lead— White,    Red 

Whiting-Mead  Commercial  Co 110 

Lighting — Posts,  Standards 

American  Cement  Products  Co 186 

Lime 

Hammond  Lumber  Co 136 

Pico  Heights  Lumber  Co 18 

Summit    Lime    Co 43 

Union  Lime  Co Back  cover 

Lumber  Dealers 

The  L.  W.  Blinn  Lumber  Co 2 

C.  W.  Bohnhoff Inside  front  cover 

Hammond  Lumber  Co 136 

San  Pedro  Lumber  Co 110 

E.  J.  Stanton  &  Son 186 

Whiting-Mead  Commercial  Co 110 


90 


E.  K.  Wood  Lumber  Co Back  cover 

Lumber — Metal 

Berger  Mfg  Co 98 

Machinery 

Brombacher  Iron  Works 56 

Buttress  &  McClellan 4 

Collins  &  Webb  140 

Pulton   Engine    Works 

Inside  back  cover 

Llewellyn  Iron  Works 86 

Machinery — Concrete 

Buttress  &  McClellan 4 

Machinery — Conveyor 

Collins  &  Webb  140 

Machinery — Hoisting 
Fulton    Engine    Works 

Inside  back  cover 

Machinery — Mining 
Fulton   Engine   Works 

Inside  back  cover 

Machinery    Needs 

Collins  &  Webb  140 

Machinery — Pulverizing 

Collins  &  Webb  140 

Machinery — Pumping 
Fulton   Engine   Works 

Inside  back  cover 

Machinery — Rock  Crushing 

Collins  &  Webb  140 

Fulton   Engine   Works 

Inside  back  cover 

Machinery — Transmission 

Baker  Iron  Works 86 

Fulton   Engine   Works 

Inside  back  cover 

Machinery — Woodworking 

Buttress  &  McClellan 4 

Harron,  Rickard  &  McCone 4 

Mantels 

Tay-Mac  Company  17 

Mantels — Tile 

Los  Angeles  Brick  Co 14 

Los  Angeles  Pressed  Brick  Co 108 

Metal    Lath 

Berger  Mfg.  Co 98 

J.  C.  Duncan  97 

Union  Lime  Co Back  cover 

Metal    Moldings — Drawn 

J.  E.  Dwan 86 

Metal  Window  Screen 

J.  E.  Dwan 86 

Mill  Work 

The  L.  W.  Blinn  Lumber  Co 2 

So.  California  Hardwood  &  Mfg.  Co.     8 

E.  K.  Wood  Lumber  Co Back  cover 

Motors 

Buttress  &  McClellan 4 

Motor  Truck  Trailers 

Los  Angeles  Trailer  Co 8 

Nails 
United  States  Steel  Products  Co.  of 

Los  Angeles  

Whiting-Mead  Commercial  Co 110 


"National"  Pipe,  Valves  &  Fittings 
United  States  Steel  Products  Co.  of 
Los  Angeles  

Oil    Burners 
For  Steam  Boilers,  Water  Heat- 
ers, Bake  Ovens,  Dry  Kilns,  Hot 
Air   Furnaces,    Ranges,    Incinera- 
tors, etc. 

Johnson  Oil  Burner  Co 59 

Ore    Testing    Plant 

Smith,  Emery  &  Co 83 

Ornamental  Cement  Work 

Pedgrift  Bros.  &  Liebold 32 

Ornamental    Iron    Work 

Brombacher  Iron  Works 56 

City  Ornamental   Iron  Works 162 

Tressler  Ornamental  Iron  Works. ...162 
Paints — Technical 

J.  E.  Dwan  86 

Painting    Contractor 

E.  W.  Waymon  32 

Paints,  Oils,  Accessories 

Bradley-Wise  Paint  Co 186 

Whiting-Mead  Commercial  Co 110 

Panels — Veneer 

C.  W.  Bohnhoff Inside  front  cover 

Graves  Sash,  Door  ,&  Mill  Co 166 

Paving   Joints 

D.  G.  Bevis  &  Co.... 161 

Plaster — Exterior  Crack-Proof 

Kellastone  Mfg.  Co..... 85 

Plaster — Interior 

Kellastone  Mfg.  Co 85 

Pico  Heights  Lumber  Co 18 

Union  Lime  Co Back  cover 

Plaster  Sand 

Consumers  Rock  &  Gravel  Co 85 

Plastering  Contractor 

J.  J.  O'Connor  98 

Pedgrift  Bros.  &  Liebold 32 

Fred  E.  Potts  174 

Ed  Westberg  114 

Plate  Steel  Work 

Baker  Iron  Works 86 

Plating 

Pacific  Hardware  Co 4 

Pleasure  Car  Trailers 

Los  Angeles  Trailer  Co 8 

Plumbing 

Wm.  McArthur 88 

Whiting-Mead 110 

Plumbers  Brass  Work 

Price.  Corcoran,  Pflster  Co 83 

Plumbers  Supplies 

Whiting-Mead 110 

Pacific  Sanitary  Mfg.  Co , 27 

Plumbers  Ware 
Washington    Iron    Works     ("West- 
ern"   Porcelain    Enameled    Iron) 

Inside  back  cover 

Prisms — Window,  Sidewalk 
J.  E.  Dwan  86 


Pumps — Bilge 

Harron,  Rickard  &  McCone 4 

Pumping    Appliances 

D.  G.  Bevis  &  Co 161 

Railing — Office,   Bank 

City  Ornamental   Iron  Works ...162 

Pacific  Coast  Ornamental  Iron  Wks.  87 

Tressler  Ornamental  Iron  Works....l62 

Refrigerators 

Lyon-McKinney-Smith  Co 28 

Whiting-Mead  110 

Reinforcing   Bars 

Herringbone  Metal  Lath  Co 4 

United  States  Steel  Products  Co.  of 

Los  Angeles  

Reinforcing    Fabric — Triangular    Mesh 
United  States  Steel  Products  Co.  of 

Los  Angeles  

Riveted    Steel 

Los  Angeles  Mfg.  Co 67 

Riveted  Steel  Pipe 

Baker  Iron  Works 86 

Rock — Crushed 

Consumers  Rock  &  Gravel  Co 85 

Russell-Greene-Foell  Co 85 

So.  California  Rock  &  Gravel  Co 14 

Roofing 

The  B.  Y.  Davis  Roofing  Co 161 

Hammond  Lumber  Co „..136 

Pico  Heights  Lumber  Co 18 

Pioneer  Paper  Co 166 

Roofing — Cement 

The  B.  Y.  Davis  Roofing  Co 161 

Roofing — Metal 

The  B.  Y.  Davis  Roofing  Co 161 

National   Cornice  Works 114 

United  Cornice  Works 18 

Roofing  Paper 

Pioneer  Paper  Co 166 

Whiting-Mead  110 

Roofing — Slate 

J.  E.  Dwan  86 

Roofing — Tile 

Los  Angeles  Pressed  Brick  Co 108 

Simon  Brick  Co 45 

Roofs    Repaired 

The  B.  Y.  Davis  Roofing  Co 161 

Rolling    Mills 

Llewellyn   Iron   Works 86 

Safes 

Los  Angeles  Desk  Co 

Shealy  Safe  Co 162 

Sand 

W.  E.  Hoover 32 

Russell-Greene-Foell  Co 85 

So.  California  Rock  &  Gravel  Co 4 

Consumers  Rock  &  Gravel  Co 85 

Sand — Colored 

Kellastone  Mfg.  Co 85 

Sash,    Doors 

The  L.  W.  Blinn  Lumber  Co 2 

Graves  Sash,  Door  &  Mill  Co 166 

Hammond  Lumber  Co 136 


Hepburn    Mill    Co 172 

Herzog  Sash  &  Door  Co 166 

Pico  Heights  Lumber  Co 18 

So.  California  Hardwood  &  Mfg.  Co.     8 
Sash — Steel 

Herringbone  Metal  Lath  Co 97 

Maritzen-Kunz  Co 4 

Saw  Rigs 

Harron,  Rickard  &  McCone..-. 4 

Scagliola 

Henry  Decorative  Marble  Co 18 

Scrapers 

D.  G.  Bevis  &  Co 161 

Screens 

Hepburn  Mill  Co 172 

Hipolito  Screen  &  Sash  Co 186 

Screen — All    Metal 

Maritzen-Kunz  Co 4 

Screen — Invisible  Roller 

Maritzen-Kunz  Co 4 

Screen — Wire 

Whiting-Mead 110 

Screened    Rock 

Consumers  Rock  &  Gravel  Co 85 

Screws 

So.  California  Iron  &  Steel  Co. 61 

Sewer  Pipe — Vitrified 

American  Cement  Products  Co „186 

Whiting-Mead    110 

Sheet  Iron 

Berger  Mfg.  Co 98 

Sheet  Metal  Work 

Los  Angeles  Mfg.  Co 67 

Sheets  &   Plates 
United  States  Steel  Products  Co.  of 

Los  Angeles  

Shingles 

Whiting-Mead 110 

Shovels 

D.  G.  Bevis  &  Co 161 

Herron,  Rickard  &  McCone 4 

Shutters 
Sweetser  &'  Baldwin  Safe  Co.  (Kin- 
near  Steel  Rolling) 166 

Sinks 

Pacific  Sanitary  Mfg.  Co 27 

Washington    Iron   Works 

Inside  back  cover 

Skylights 

D.  G.  Bevis  &  Co.  "Waugh" 161 

National  Cornice   Works 114 

United  Cornice  Works 18 

Smoke   Stacks 

Los   Angeles    Mfg.   Co 67 

Spiral    Chutes 

Maritzen-Kunz  Co 4 

D.  G.  Bevis  &  Co.  "Hasletf 161 

Spiral    Column    Steel 

Herringbone  Metal  Lath  Co 4 

Stair    Work 

Graves  Sash,  Door  &  Mill  Co 166 

Stair  Threads 
Herringbone  Metal  Lath  Co 4 


92 


stand   Pipes — Brass 

James  Jones  Co 81 

Price,  Corcoran,  Pfister  Co 83 

Steel    Well    Casting 

Baker  Iron  Works 86 

Structural    iron    &    Steel 

Baker  Iron  Works 86 

Brombacher  Iron  Works 56 

Llewellyn  Iron  Works ..-  86 

United  States  Steel  Products  Co.  of 

Los  Angeles  

Store   Fronts 

Brombacher  Iron  Works 56 

Graves  Sash,  Door  &  Mill  Co 166 

Maritzen-Kunz  Co 4 

Tanks 

Baker  Iron  Works 86 

Buttress  &  McClellan 4 

Llewellyn  Iron  Works 86 

Los  Angeles  Mfg.  Co 67 

Terra   Cotta 

Whiting-Mead 110 

Terrazzo 

Henry  Decorative  Marble  Co.... 18 

Testing 

Smith,  Emery  &  Co 83 

Thermo   Storage    Heaters 

Hoyt  Heating  Co..... 55 

Tile — Hollow  Building 

Los  Angeles  Pressed  Brick  Co 108 

Simons  Brick  Co 45 

Tin  Plate 

Berger  Mfg.  Co 98 

Toilet  Partitions — Metal 

J.  E.  Dwan  86 

Tractor   Trailers 

Los  Angeles  Trailer  Co 8 

Trimmings — Hollow    Metal,    Metal 
Covered 

J.  E.  Dwan  86 

Turntables — Automatic 

J.  E.  Dwan  86 

Twisted  Steel — Mfg.  for  Concrete 
Work 

So.  California  Iron  &  Steel  Co 61 

Valves 

Price,  Corcoran,  Pfister  Co 83 

Varnish 

Whiting-Mead 110 

Vaults 

Shealy  Safe  Co 162 

Vault   Doors 

Sweetser  &  Baldwin  Saf6  Co.-.. 166 

Veneer 

C.  W.  Bohnhoff Inside  front  cover 

B.  J.  Stanton  &  Son 186 


Ventilators 

Berger  Mfg.   Co 98 

National   Cornice  Works 114 

Wall    Beds 

David  C.  Narver  Agency 12 

Wall    Board 

Schumacher  Wall  Board  Co 135 

Whiting-Mead  110 

Water   Heaters 

Brombacher  Iron  Works 56 

Fisher  Mfg.  Co 55 

Franklin   &   Boyce 55 

Hoyt  Heater  Co 55 

Johnson  Oil  Burner  Co.  (Oil  Burner 

Equipment)  59 

Rotary  Mfg.   Co 99 

Alfred  H.  Thompson 140 

Whiting-Mead  110 

Water    Pipe 

Los  Angeles  Mfg.  Co 67 

Waterproofing 

J.  E.  Dwan 86 

Waterproofing — Cement 

J.  E.  Dwan 86 

Well    Casing 

Los  Angeles  Mfg.  Co 67 

Windows 

Graves  Sash,  Door  &  Mill  Co 166 

Hipolito   Screen  &   Sash   Co.... 186 

Whiting-Mead  110 

Windows — Fireproof  Metal 

National  Cornice   Works 114 

Windows — Metal  Covered 

J.  E.  Dwan  86 

Windows — Steel  Casement 

J.  E.  Dwan  86 

Wire 
United  States  Steel  Products  Co.  of 

Los  Angeles  

Whiting-Mead  110 

Wire    Fencing 

Whiting-Mead  110 

United  States  Steel  Products  Co.  of 

Los  Angeles  

Wire   Rope 
United  States  Steel  Products  Co.  of 

Los  Angeles  

Wire   Work — Brass,    Iron 
Pacific  Coast  Ornamental  Iron  Wks.  87 

City   Ornamental   Iron   Works 162 

Tressler  Ornamental  Iron  Works. ...162 
Wiring — Electrical 

F.  E.  Newbery  Electric  Co 17 

Wood   Lath 

Union  Lime  Co Back  cover 

Whiting-Mead  110 


ml  III  III!  II  mil  iiii  'III  'I  I  ml  ii  mi  mi  nil  iiin  ii 

3  1158  01141  6673 


^ 


Visitors  are  cordially  invited  to  visit  our  plant  any  hour  as  we  run  all  the  time 


WASHINGTON  IRON    WORKS 

Manufacturers  of  "WESTERN"  Porcelain-  Established  in  1896  as  an  iron  foundry  in  a  small 

Enameled  Iron  Plumbers'Ware— BathTubs  building  on  Main  Street.  Now  covers  a  city  block 

Lavatories,  Laundry  Trays,  Sinks,  Etc.  and  furnishes  employmentto  over  a  hundred  men 


H.  S.  GRAHAM,  Pres.         MAIN  4079       LOS  ANGELES,  CAL.       F1621         E.  H.  GRAHAM   Ser^'v 


W.    LEWIS    BELL.    President  A.    J.    Mc( 

F.  A.  McAllister,  Manage 


A     000  118  213 


FULTON  ENGINE  WORKS 

CABLE   EXCAVATING   AND   ROCK   CRUSHING 
MACHINERY 

Mining,  Hoisting,  Pumping,  Well  Boring  and 

Power  Transmission  Machinery 

Elevators,   Engines,   Boilers,   Heaters,  Tanks 

Condensing  Apparatus  and  Sheet  Iron  Work 

Iron  and  Bronze  Caistings 

NORTH  MAIN  ST.  AND  ALHAMBRA  AVE.  LOS  ANGELES,  CAL. 

Postoffice    Box    296.       Phones:    Main    661;   Home    60007 


^^^S^;^,  '''*^a5'^'^^!^ 


E.  K.  WOOD  LUMBER  CO. 

Wholesale  and  Retail 

OREGON  PINE  AND  CAUFORNIA  REDWOOD 
MILL  WORK  OF  ALL  KINDS 


Local  Yard 

47th  and  Alameda  Sts. 

Los  Angeles,  Cal. 


Wholesale 
Yard  and  Wharves 
San  Pedro,  Cal. 


OFFICE— 419  Trust  &  Savings  Bank  Bldg.,  Los  Angeles,  Cal. 
Main  8940— PHONES— Home  10597 


BUY  IT  OF 

US 


BEAR  Brand  Portland  Cement       Blue  Summit  Lime 

Hardwall  and  Casting  Plasters 

Tiger  Brand  White  Rock  Finish    Wood  and  Metal  Lath 

Buttonlath  and  Building  Specialties 


UNION  LIME  COMPANY 

1600  Atlantic  Street 

Wholesale  and  Retail  Main  64 — F3164 


